Past and future geography--Mountains and plateaus--An attempt at a
census--Temperature--Maladies and remedies--ALÀ a quack.
Thirty years ago, even in our best geographies, very little mention was
made of the Malay Peninsula.
Something was said about its coasts and a scanty product of tin,
antimony and coal but there was not a single word about the wide stretch
of land far from the shores, partly unexplored and partly inhabited by
savages, beyond stating that a chain of mountains ran the whole length,
beginning at Kedak and Kelantan and terminating at the extreme end of
the peninsula, so dividing it almost in the middle.
But a geographer in our days would have to write a great deal more, for
the interior of this country is no longer a deep inviolated mystery, and
its aspect has proved very different from what studies, made at a
prudent distance, had led us to imagine.
The high mountains (the Berumbun reaches 6530 feet in height) present to
the gaze scenery which would satisfy an artist. Some of the tops are
covered with a rich, wild vegetation, some are rugged or have sharp
peaks from which torrents of sparkling white foam dash down the narrow
dark crevices with roaring fury.
From those superb masses extend a series of plateaus like so many
terraces which the more they descend the more they unfold the
fruitfulness of the soil, irrigated by smooth rivers and rills.
There, where mountainous fertility ceases, one to the east and the other
to the west, lie the plains of Pahang and Perak whose industrious hands
guided by civilized ideas are carrying on a work of redemption from
abandonment and malaria by the extension of cultivation and sanitary
principles.
* * * * *
The forest--the territory of the Sakais--covers the central part of the
Peninsula. On the outskirts live those less savage because of their
contact and dealings with the Malays, Siamese, Chinese and Indians, by
whom they are surrounded. The others press always closer on towards the
mountains at the same rate that civilization approaches them, fixing
their abode at an elevation of not more than from 1500 to 2000 feet. I
have found some, but a very rare case, at a height of 4000 feet.
It is true that up there, there are not so many dangers to be met with,
for wild beasts (with the exception of an occasional bear) and serpents
do not frequent the heights but the cold is too intense to be well
supported by individuals who do not wear clothes and who do not build
houses to protect themselves from the inclemency of the weather.
[Illustration: Poisoning the arrows.
_p._ 214.]
The tract of land inhabited by the Sakais is, at a rough guess,
comprised between 3° 50' and 5° 50' North latitude and 101° and 102°
East longitude (Greenwich). But for such an extension they are very few
in numbers because in the year 1903, passing from one village to another
in 25 days, I could not count more than 6800 persons camping round the
durians at the ingathering season.
Reckoning the women left behind because of a recent confinement, the old
and infirm and the little children I do not think that altogether they
can be many more than 10,000 souls. It is truly the case to say: "_rari
nantes in gurgite vasto_!".
It would be impossible to take a real census of the Sakais owing to
their distrust of everything they do not understand and the difficulty
their nomadic life presents.
The climate where they live, although damp, is good, for the thick
foliage of the forest and the breezes that often hail from the mountains
mitigate the heat of the sun's rays.
There are no alternations of seasons as in temperate zones but only the
distinction of dry and rainy ones, the former being determined by the
monsoon blowing from the east, and the latter from that coming from the
west.
It is not unusual for the heat at noon to surpass 40° (centigrade) but
to the torrid temperature of the day follows a cold night and the hotter
the day is, the colder the night. From 40° it easily falls under 20°.
The Sakais who possess no garments, or rugs and whose huts are very open
and airy, sleep all huddled together (to keep each other warm) round a
large fire but they frequently suffer from these variations of
temperature.
* * * * *
As I have before mentioned severe colds are very prevalent among the
Sakais against which they have no efficacious remedy so that it often
happens for a simple attack of influenza to turn into a serious
bronchial or lung affection and finally result in consumption.
Neither the _tenak_ or _cintok_ is of any use then; the evil spirit
never leaves hold of his prey.
Cases of fever are very rare and these few must be attributed to the
wind which ascends from the plain bringing with it germs of infection.
It is extremely seldom that a woman dies in child-birth, but a great
many succumb to senile decay at about 60 years of age.
Both men and women are very subject to a cutaneous disease which covers
the body with large blotches of a lighter colour than their skin, giving
a repugnant appearance to the poor wretch so afflicted. But it is
neither a serious nor a contagious illness, nor does it excite amongst
the jungle-dwellers that loathing which it would with us because this
discoloration does not prevent them from getting married and having
children as healthy as other peoples'.
Sometimes one of them is struck down by an infectious disease for which
they know no remedy or cure. The sick person is at once isolated from
all the rest and is almost entirely abandoned in order to check any
propagation of the malady.
I have never noticed any illness which might be considered as peculiar
to the people themselves or the region they inhabit but I have been able
to establish the fact (from a special study made by me as to the causes
of death among the Sakais) that the victims of wild beasts and serpents
are on a very low average.
It is quite an extraordinary thing for anybody to lose their life in
this way if they have not by some imprudence brought death upon
themselves.
I only remember, perhaps because it took place not long ago, that a
young woman incautiously wandered away from her hut one evening, as it
was getting dark, and was attacked by a panther which fastened its teeth
into her lower jaw. Hearing her scream the husband rushed out just in
time to kill the animal and save his poor wife's life, but she, of
course, remained deformed.
* * * * *
The pharmacopoeia of these foresters, freed from all superstition, is of
truly primitive simplicity and only contains vegetable remedies. A
decoction of the root _tenak celes_ is an excellent purgative. A
poultice made of its leaves pounded with lime and _sirih_ and applied to
the forehead is intended to cure headache.
The _sla delok_ (a bitter leaf) serves in the place of our worm powders
for children.
Another leaf (the _slà poó_) is used for curing dysentry.
They have also several other medicines (whose virtues are kept secret by
the _Alà_) for complaints of the stomach or that may be used at will
without any precise knowledge of the illness needing treatment.
The gum extracted from the _singret_ is employed for stopping decayed
teeth and is also rubbed over the cheek during a fit of tooth-ache to
preserve it from the air, without putting on bandages.
The Sakai makes great use of charcoal powder in his medicinal
preparations, dressing sores, wounds and the bites of animals with it.
This might make one suppose that he either knows or divines the
disinfecting properties of charcoal. He also makes it a means of defence
against the invasions of ants which change their direction when they
find the black line across their way.
The water in which a piece of charcoal, made from bitter wood, has been
for a long time infused, is according to them a first-rate remedy
against debility of the organism and coughs.
The _Alà_ wisely acting for--his own good, reserves for himself the
prerogative of mixing certain pharmaceutical specialities which make
the patient recover if the indisposition is merely a passing one, but
help to kill him if the conditions of his health are serious.
He always keeps prompt some plasters prepared from herbs, either of a
soothing or irritating nature, in case of fractures, sprains, or
dislocations caused by accidental falls.
But it is scarcely worth while to discuss the merits of these
cataplasms, for the Sakai, who is the first person interested in the
question, acknowledges and admits their healing virtues.
All the world is akin, and the much respected _Alà_ of the forest is
nothing less than an uncivilized colleague of those charlatans,
inventors of miracles, who by the sale of powders, lotions, medicinal
waters and ointments make their fortune in the midst of civilized
society, often deceiving science and common sense by means of well
placed advertisements.
One is an educated and the other an uneducated quack.
My notes finish here. They are wanting in order and art but not in
verity because above all I have dedicated this writing to the truth,
prompted by feelings of gratitude and good will towards my kind friends
the savages. I have wished to illustrate the customs and character of a
people very much calumniated, amongst whom I have found strong and
devoted friendship free from every taint of jealousy or self-interest.
Sixteen years of a tranquil, laborious life have I passed among the
Sakais and still to-day I feel a pang of home-sickness thinking of that
wonderfully fertile land and its good and simple inhabitants.
If my words have been clear to you, dear reader, you must have remarked
that in those savages are to be found real treasures of uprightness,
honesty and common sense. And the first seeds of these virtues were sown
by nobody for they bud and blossom in their souls as spontaneously as
from the bosom of great Mother Nature the marvellous multitude of flora
rises up towards the sun, seeking light and heat.
It is not so amongst us. Civilization teaches virtue: sermons preach it;
moralists condense it into precepts and aphorisms; historians honour it
in the ancients in order to inspire it in the moderns; laws, and the
menaces of Hell, want to impose it. And yet, notwithstanding all this,
it cannot flower well for too often it is fettered by the frenzy of
"getting ahead" and by the spasms of passions which in the superb
majesty of the forest, and under its sublime influence, are neither
known nor understood. Here one works serenely, undisturbed by the fear
that others will rob you of your profit.
I mention the fact but leave others to draw the conclusion because if I
arrived at that which would seem most logical after the premise, I
should be called a worse savage than those I have held up to public
admiration and if I arrived at any other I should be accused (and with
reason) of contradiction.
I will instead declare that, in spite of certain discouraging proofs, I
firmly keep my faith in human progress, believing that Science will one
day succeed in lessening the grand anguish accruing from the incessant
and cruel "struggle for life".
My chief reason for illustrating the virtues and defects of the
little-known Sakais is to present them more closely to the attention of
England, that, by delivering them from the contempt and able trickery of
other races, might easily lead them to civilization and at the same time
form important and lucrative centres of agricultural product in the
interior of the Peninsula.
It is without the slightest idea of boasting that I state I have always
remained among the Sakais alone and unarmed, in my work as a colonist.
In this way it was possible for me to overcome hostility and mistrust,
winning confidence and affection from one of the most uncivilized of
peoples. And the fact gives me the greatest satisfaction for it
demonstrates in a modest, but not for that less eloquent manner, that
armed expeditions however fine and imposing in appearance (according to
taste) have not the practical or lasting value of peaceful, friendly
overtures. Civilization which pretends to impose itself by violence,
slaughter and sackage only sows hatred. The pretended saviours become
oppressors, and having begun by force they are compelled to resort to
force if they wish to keep the dominion which a ferment of hatred,
little by little, is undermining.
Therefore no arms, no missions (tending to substitute one terror for
another) but only patience and calmness are necessary for the conquest
of those simple souls and to subsequently teach them, through example,
to devote themselves to work. They must be made to feel that
civilization is useful, the inspirer of good and not an insidious
injurer.
What can savages think when they are subjected to depredation and
bloodshed by those who, with these measures, have come to them to
proclaim the principles of respect for other people's property and the
inviolability of human life?
It is indeed a great pleasure to me finding that to-day the Sakais no
longer distrust civilization and some of them, especially the younger
ones, do not refuse or shrink from work as they once did and neither do
they oppose such an obstinate resistance to those innovations which I
too had a part in introducing among them.
I leave it to my readers to judge if I am guilty of vanity in thus
expressing my contentment.
And now I have finished.
[Transcriber's Note: This errata prepared by the author/translator is
included for historical and archival interest only. All the changes
specified by this errata have already been implemented in the etext.]
ERRATA
Page 14 line 26 -- _qualities_.
" 39 " 32 -- _wished_.
" 50 " 16 -- read _debtors_ for _creditors_.
Chap. IV " 3 -- _twilight_.
Page 61 " 3 -- _centuries_.
" 80 " 14 -- _inefficacious_.
" 84 " 19 -- _safeguard_.
Chap. VIII " 7 -- _coronation_.
Page 85 " 12 -- _gratify_.
" 96 " 30 -- _previous_.
" 107 " 12 -- _too_.
" 111 " 13 -- _too_.
" " " 17 -- _search_.
" 112 " last line -- _enjoy_.
" 124 " 1 -- _attained_.
" 128 " last line -- _equal_.
" 131 " 28 -- for _economic_ read _financial_.
" 133 " 29 -- _consequence_.
" 134 " 13 -- _without_.
" 139 " 2 -- _read same time_.
" 141 " 2 -- _obliged_.
" 146 " 16 -- _appetizing_.
" 178 " footnote -- _chinneloy_.
" 187 " 6 -- _falsehood_.
" 193 " 1 -- _But it is_.
" 207 " 32 -- _Sakai_.
TRANSCRIBER'S NOTES
Every effort has been made to preserve the original text, including
non-standard spelling and grammar as well as inconsistencies in the
transliteration of non-English words (both in spelling and use of
diacritics.) Non-standard spelling has been preserved if the word is
understandable in context. Changes to the text have only been made in
the case of obvious typographical errors and where not making a
correction would leave the text confusing or difficult to read. All
changes are documented in the notes below. The original text also
included an errata page by the author/translator. The changes specified
in this errata have been implemented and are also documented in the
notes below.
Treatment of quotation marks. In the original text, the
author/translator used a variant of a European convention in which
quoted text began with double quotation marks and ended with double
low-9 quotation marks (present in unicode as U+201E). For the
convenience of users who may not be able to display unicode, the double
low-9 quotation marks have been replaced by regular double quotation
marks.
In the author/translator's original style of punctuation, full-stops
were always placed outside of the closing quotation marks. Where quoted
text ended with an exclamation or question mark, these would be placed
inside the closing quotation mark and then a terminating full-stop
would be added outside the quotation mark as in this example:
"_Sacramento_!". This style of punctuation has been preserved.
Some blocks of quoted text were enclosed in double angle quotation
marks (or guillemets). This style of punctuation has been preserved.
Inconsistencies in the hyphenation of words have been preserved.
(blowpipe/s, blow-pipe/s; earrings, ear-rings; earthenware,
earthen-ware; goodbye, good-bye; hairpins, hair-pins; midnight,
mid-night; recalled, re-called; recommenced, re-commenced; reproduced,
re-produced; woodcutter's, wood-cutter's)
Pg. 12, "meetins" changed to "meeting". (but once a meeting has)
Pg. 12, "sould" changed to "should". (why should we consider the
fierceness)
Pg. 14, "qualilies" changed to "qualities". From author's original
errata. (qualities of courage and energy)
Pg. 20, "philosphy" changed to "philosophy". (But my philosophy soon
took the)
Pg. 20, "come" changed to "some". (a Pullman's car or some other
vehicle)
Pg. 21, closing quote inserted to end at end of paragraph. (a continual
increase of danger".)
Pg. 25, "conseguence" changed to "consequence". (in conseguence, the
presence of)
Pg. 28, "stiffiness" changed to "stiffness". (Besides the stiffness of
my joints)
Pg. 29, "as" changed to "us". (you insult us and call)
Pg. 35, "dutieu" changed to "duties". (all the various duties of)
Pg. 35, "kiching" changed to "kicking". (kicking and batting)
Pg. 35, "belongig" changed to "belonging". (of some land belonging to
two)
Pg. 36, "te" changed to "to". (my desire to become better acquainted)
Pg. 36, "contry" changed to "country". (but in him his country lost)
Pg. 36, "recipt" changed to "receipt". (tight hold of the receipt)
Pg. 38, "indefaticable" changed to "indefatigable". (his indefatigable
energy brings forth)
Pg. 39, duplicated "a" removed. (we threw a well-pounded leaf)
Pg. 39, "wishcd" changed to "wished". From author's original errata.
(if I wished for fortune)
Pg. 47, "af" changed to "of". (in spite of its glass eyes)
Pg. 47, "conseguence" changed to "consequence". (The consequence was
quite)
Pg. 50, "creditors" changed to "debtors". From author's original
errata. (as his debtors could not pay)
Pg. 51, "equal" changed to "equal". (is quite equal to the task)
Pg. 59, Chapter VI summary, "Everlasting twlight" changed to
"Everlasting twilight". From author's original errata.
Pg. 55, "sirene" changed to "sirens". (and its steam sirens?)
Pg. 55, "Telok Ansom". Author's original text retained, although he
probably intended to refer to the town more commonly called "Telok
Anson".
Pg. 55, "Sakay" occurs here and in a few other instances in the text.
Elsewhere it is spelled "Sakai". The original spelling has been
preserved in all instances.
Pg. 60, "incease" changed to "increase". (swarms of insects increase
its agony by making)
Pg. 60, "miriads" changed to "myriads". (these myriads of plants)
Pg. 61, "centures" changed to "centuries". From author's original
errata. (destined to brave centuries)
Footnote 5, "i" changed to "I". (I ate it with relish)
Pg. 71, "Proctectorate" changed to "Protectorate". (remote Eastern
Protectorate)
Pg. 71, "Pymalion". Author's original text retained, although more
commonly spelled "Pygmalion".
Pg. 76, "varities" changed to "varieties". (varieties of serpents, big
and small)
Pg. 77, "smakes" changed to "snakes". (danger from snakes)
Pg. 80, "inefficatious" changed to "inefficacious". From author's
original errata. (inefficacious when a man
Pg. 84, "safe-quard" changed to "safeguard". From author's original
errata. (behaviour being his safeguard)
Pg. 85, Chapter VIII summary. "incoronation" changed to "coronation".
From author's original errata. (coronation of King Edward VII)
Pg. 85, "gratisfy" changed to "gratify". (such as to gratify a little
ambition)
Pg. 87, "responsable" changed to "responsible". (to establish the
responsibility)
Pg. 93, quotation marks fixed. '"By thus living separate, "he said"
each family....' changed to '"By this living separate," he said "each
family....'.
Pg. 96, "aud" changed to "and". (produces and causes)
Pg. 96, "previons" changed to "previous". From author's original
errata. (to my previous position)
Pg. 97, "angiush" changed to "anguish". (that awful anguish I had)
Pg. 107, "two" changed to "too". From author's original errata. (I,
too, have often made)
Pg. 110, duplicated word "of" removed. (I speak only of the Sakais)
Pg. 110, "investicating" changed to "investigating". (feel of
investigating our neighbour's past)
Pg. 111, "two" changed to "too". From author's original errata. (are
too long in proportion)
Pg. 111, "scarch" changed to "search". From author's original errata.
(the like in search)
Footnote 8, "eujoy" changed to "enjoy". (If to-day is ours to enjoy.)
Pg. 112, "conseguence" changed to "consequence". (in consequence of
their long exposure) )
Pg. 117, extraneous comma in "etc., Rice" removed as it appears a new
sentence is being started. (etc. Rice is an imported luxury)
Pg. 118, "elever" changed to "clever". (are very clever)
Pg. 120, "off" changed to "of" (or of ill-treating them in any way)
Pg. 121, "conseguence" changed to "consequence". (agree in consequence
of the difference)
Pg. 122, "risult" changed to "result". (but the result of the
circumstances)
Pg. 124, "altained" changed to "attained". From author's original
errata. (attained or the future)
Pg. 126, caption of illustration following this page, "Bois practising
shooting" changed to "Boys practising shooting".
Pg. 128, "egual" changed to "equal". From author's original errata.
(all are equal)
Pg. 131, "economic" changed to "financial". From author's original
errata. (financial conditions to permit the formation)
Pg. 133, "conseguence" changed to "consequence". From author's original
errata. (The immediate consequence of)
Pg. 134, "withont" changed to "without". From author's original errata.
(and without any hope of reward)
Pg. 139, "same" changed to "same time". From author's original errata.
(has, at the same time, to)
Pg. 139, "civilizied" changed to "civilized". (with what civilized)
Pg. 141, "obbliged" changed to "obliged". From author's original
errata. (I have been obliged)
Pg. 141, "boudaries" changed to "boundaries". (the boundaries of
village)
Pg. 141, "settlments" changed to "settlements". (these settlements that
I have)
Pg. 143, "to-morow" changed to "to-morrow". (to-morrow a common danger)
Pg. 143, "betwen" changed to "between" (which exists between)
Pg. 146, "appetising" changed to "appetizing". From author's original
errata. (into appetizing capons)
Pg. 150, "inventary" changed to "inventory". (the inventory of their
kitchen)
Pg. 153, "Notwithslanding" changed to "Notwithstanding".
(Notwithstanding this sharpening)
Pg. 158, glossary entry under "Evil", "sonnd" changed to "sound".
(_alphabetical sound of_ e)
Pg. 161, "scems" changed to "seems". (that seems to be composed)
Pg. 162, "attemps" changed to "attempts". (renounces all attempts)
Pg. 171, "indipendence" changed to "independence". (their "spirit of
independence")
Footnote 15, "chineloy" changed to "chinneloy". From author's original
errata. (Pronounced _chinneloy_)
Pg. 180, "contorsion" changed to "contortion". (every jump and
contortion)
Pg. 184, "de" changed to "do". (Sakais do not refuse)
Pg. 184, "reasou" changed to "reason". (reason the terrible beast)
Pg. 184, "Spirt" changed to "Spirit". (Evil Spirit who is continually)
Pg. 184, "wcked" changed to "wicked". (play his wicked tricks)
Pg. 184, "serinity" changed to "serenity". (the serenity of their
simple minds)
Pg. 184, "frequenty" changed to "frequently". (hurricanes that
frequently)
Pg. 185, "thay" changed to "they". (evil spirits that they believe)
Pg. 186, "esixtence" changed to "existence". (the existence of a Good
Spirit)
Pg. 186, "os" changed to "as". (so much so as never)
Pg. 186, "II" changed to "It". (It must also be considered)
Pg. 187, "falshood" changed to "falsehood". From author's original
errata. (tell you a falsehood)
Pg. 188, "siezed" changed to "seized". (seized with great terror)
Pg. 189, "imdetuous" presumed to be "impetuous". This text has several
instances of inverted letters, as though the type-setter placed the
type upside down. (The impetuous currents of air)
Pg. 189, "twoo" changed to "two". (two-fold office)
Pg. 189, "breaded" presumed to be "dreaded", which makes more sense in
context (see the dreaded Being)
Pg. 189, "scceeds" changed to "succeeds". (and succeeds in over-ruling)
Pg. 189, "tò" changed to "to". (in order to ascertain)
Pg. 189, "notwithstending" changed to "notwithstanding".
(notwithstanding the cabalistic)
Pg. 189, "sesisting" changed to "resisting". (resisting and defeating
him)
Pg. 189, "kflled" changed to "killed". has overcome and killed him)
Pg. 189, "upringht" changed to "upright". (in an upright position)
Pg. 190, "dayu" changed to "days". (For seven days continual)
Pg. 190, "provider" changed to "provided". (it is provided with)
Pg. 190, "fother's" changed to "father's". (his father's dignity)
Pg. 190, "keed" changed to "keep". (alone to keep watch)
Pg. 190, "ir" changed to "in". (incense-pan in which he burns)
Pg. 190, "spyng" changed to "spying". (of spying his actions)
Pg. 190, "ningt's" changed to "night's". (the night's proceedings)
Pg. 190, "alght" changed to "alight". (continues to keep alight)
Pg. 190, "slinghtest" changed to "slightest". (the slightest movement
of fear)
Pg. 190, "sciene" changed to "science". (the occult science of his)
Pg. 191, "the had watchad". Either a word is missing after "the", or
"the" was meant to be "he". Changed to "he had watched". (proof that he
had watched that night)
Pg. 191, "suol" changed to "soul". (soul of the dead man)
Pg. 191, "pzwer" changed to "power". (power would be lost)
Pg. 191, "moltals" changed to "mortals". (poor mortals around)
Pg. 191, "efficatious" changed to "efficacious". (venomous virtue more
efficacious)
Pg. 192, "throug" changed to "through". (opening left through the)
Pg. 192, "patien's budy" changed to "patient's body". (from the
patient's body)
Pg. 192, "thereforo be heriocally" changed to "therefore be
heroically". (must therefore be heroically fought)
Pg. 192, "villagn" changed to "village". (The village in which the)
Pg. 192, "forbibben" changed to "forbidden". (light is absolutely
forbidden)
Pg. 193, "But is" changed to "But it is". From author's original
errata. (But it is intended)
Pg. 193, "succomb" changed to "succumb". (if he does not succumb)
Pg. 193, "corpe" changed to "corpse". (leave the corpse)
Pg. 194, "aud" changed to "and". (performed and they regularly)
Pg. 199, "aed" changed to "and". (and makes abundant ablutions)
Pg. 199, "Sakia" changed to "Sakai". Sakai is presumed to be the word
most likely intended. (death of a Sakai)
Pg. 199, "aven" changed to "even". (not require even the intervention)
Pg. 200, "bi" changed to "by". (by distraction of thought)
Pg. 200, "partticular" changed to "particular". (have no particular)
Pg. 200, single quote mark changed to comma. (cooking their food,
preparing their poisons)
Pg. 200, "nigt" changed to "night". (warming them during the night)
Pg. 200, "mathes" changed to "matches". (I gave them matches)
Pg. 200, "Thek" changed to "They". (They may be briefly summed)
Pg. 200, "stil" changed to "still". (are still under the thick)
Pg. 200, "dobt" changed to "doubt". (bright light of a first doubt)
Pg. 200 "far" changed to "for", appears more appropriate in context.
(creatures for whom the discouraging counsel)
Footnote 18, "studyng" changed to "studying". (without studying it)
Pg. 201, "pratice" changed to "practice". (the practice of morality)
Pg. 201, added full-stop at end of sentence (they do not understand or
cannot.)
Pg. 202, Chapter XV summary. An entire line "The _labar_, _lampat_,
_masè_ and _loo_" appears to be missing as can be seen from the
equivalent summary paragraph in the Table of Contents.
Pg. 202, Chapter XV summary. "Nai Bretaks" is given as "Mai Bretaks" in
the table of contents. Original text preserved in both cases.
Pg. 207, "triomphantly" changed to "triumphantly". (victors carry it
triumphantly)
Pg. 207, "sch" changed to "such". (There is such a rich)
Pg. 207, "areparation" changed to "preparation". (preparation of
poisons)
Pg. 207, "famigliar" changed to "familiar" (most familiar are)
Pg. 207, "Jnst" changed to "Just". (Just as a gun)
Pg. 207, "Sakais doen" changed to "Sakai does". Includes author's
original errata. (the Sakai does not waste)
Pg. 208, "frepuently" changed to "frequently". (the other is
frequently)
Pg. 208, "properrties" changed to "properties". (contain miraculous
properties)
Pg. 208, "soffee" changed to "coffee". (coffee, sugar, rice)
Pg. 209, "intollerably" changed to "intolerably". (that itch
intolerably)
Pg. 211, "ealled" changed to "called". (climber called _lemmak
kapiting_)
Pg. 214, "ander" changed to "under". (its nest under the leaves of)
Pg. 215, "_of scudiscio_" changed to "of _scudiscio_". Author's style
was to italicise non-English words but there did not seem to be a
reason to italicise the word "of" and this is possibly a typographical
error. (with a band of _scudiscio_ and)
Pg. 216, "Lucretuis" changed to "Lucretius". (the poem of Lucretius
Carus!)
Pg. 221, "Kedak" probably refers to the place now more commonly spelled
"Kedah", however the original text has been preserved. (Kedak and
Kelantan)
Pg. 224, "propogation" changed to "propagation". (propagation of the
malady)
Pg. 225, "seream" changed to "scream". (Hearing her scream the husband)
Pg. 228, "nowithstanding" changed to "notwithstanding".
(notwithstanding all this)
Pg. "229" "to day" changed to "to-day" (that to-day the Sakais no
longer)