ENGLISH INITIALS
With very few exceptions the decorative and pictorial initials
reproduced from foreign books on the preceding pages have been chosen
from works printed before 1525, and in most cases before 1500. In
Germany, Italy, France, and the Netherlands, schools of cutters
and engravers in wood and soft metal with strongly marked local
characteristics came into existence before 1490--in Germany some twenty
years earlier--and during the last decade of the century numerous
finely illustrated books were issued from the chief continental
presses. The good work of one country or town might be imitated,
slavishly or freely, in another; here and there also the work produced
was quaintly or stupidly bad, and good designs were often spoilt by
clumsy cutting. But despite all such individual failures, there was
abundance of originality and executive skill, and this is true also,
though in a less degree, of Switzerland and Spain. When we turn our
eyes homewards, we find a totally different state of affairs. The few
English illustrated books of the period with which this monograph
is mainly concerned have been divided by specialists into three
groups:[34] those with cuts borrowed outright from the Netherlands
or France (_e.g._ Caxton’s Horae cuts, the illustrations in Pynson’s
edition of Lydgate’s _Falls of Princes_, etc.); those slavishly
copied, mostly, but not always, very badly, from foreign originals
(_e.g._ Caxton’s _Aesop_, the editions of the _Castell of Labour_,
_Art of Good Living and Good Dyeing_, the _Ship of Fools_, and most
of the odd single cuts); lastly, a scanty residue of native origin,
illustrating books like the _Canterbury Tales_ or _Morte d’Arthur_,
for which no foreign models could be found. Some of these are almost
incredibly bad, others merely wooden, a very few, like the cut to
Fisher’s funeral sermon for Henry VII., fairly neat. But, again
speaking generally, it is evident that English printers could enlist
the services of no designers of any skill and of few woodcutters able
to rival the average journeyman-work in foreign books.
[34] Consult an extremely interesting paper on this subject,
‘Initial Letters in Early English Printed Books,’ by Charles Sayle.
_Bibliographical Society’s Transactions_, 1904.
Good initials demanded little less skill from their designers, and
certainly no less from their cutters, than the larger forms of
book-illustration. The great continental centres of printing prove
abundantly that good initials are the natural accompaniments of good
illustrations, and thus there is no room for surprise that in England,
where there was no competent native school of book-illustration, there
was also no competent native school of initial-cutters.
Of the fact there can be no doubt. Caxton possessed only one initial
of any size, the A shown among our facsimiles, which he used in one or
two of his later books. His contemporaries possessed none at all. After
Caxton’s death in 1491, for the next half-century and more the history
of English initials is as the history of our book-illustrations--they
are imported from abroad, copied from foreign originals, or of no
artistic value. An early instance of importation is the large grotesque
H, shown in facsimile, which De Worde acquired early in his career from
Govaert van Os when the latter was moving to Copenhagen; in the same
way Julian Notary obtained a few letters from André Bocard. Though it
may be thought churlish to look outside England when we find a rebus
on an English name, it can hardly be doubted that the initials cut for
Pynson’s Morton Missal, of which specimens are given, were made for
him in France. Certainly no one could claim these letters as starting
an independent English school, and most of those subsequently used by
Pynson and De Worde are direct copies, or imitations, from the French.
Thus it is only by transcending our bounds that we can offer a few
examples of English initials which have at least more independence than
these early ventures. It, perhaps, shows some rashness to include among
them the excellent H from Grafton’s edition of Halle’s _Union of the
two Houses of York and Lancaster_ (1548), for this may perchance have
been inspired by those in the Paris edition of the _Historia Danica_
of Saxo Grammaticus (see pages 85 and 230). Nevertheless the book is
important, because it was on heraldic lines that some of the best later
work was produced. Much of this may be connected with the name of that
excellent printer John Day. The pictorial initial to the Bible of 1549,
showing Edward Becke, the promoter of the edition, presenting a copy to
Edward VI., is full of life, and the portrait initial of Elizabeth from
Foxe’s _Book of Martyrs_ is excellent work. Between these two books Day
had issued, in 1559, a fine edition of Cunningham’s _Cosmographical
Glasse_, and this is adorned by an admirable heraldic D with the arms
of the Earl of Leicester, and by some pictorial initials connected
with the subject of the book, the authorship of these being still
undiscovered, despite the letters IB, IC, ID, found on some of them. At
a later date work of the same style appears in his edition of Ascham’s
_Schoolmaster_.
It is a pity that Day, not being the royal printer, could not be
entrusted with printing the Bishops’ Bible of 1568, which came from the
press of Jugge and Cawood. But his patron, Archbishop Parker, had, of
course, a large share in its superintendence, and some of the heraldic
initials in the volume are almost as good as the Leicester D. That
which has been chosen as a sample shows the arms of Archbishop Cranmer,
a pleasing compliment from Parker to his predecessor.
The ornamental title-page to the Bishops’ Bible is not woodcut but
engraved on copper, and the fact is significant. Under Day’s guidance
English printing and book-illustration lifted up their head, but the
effort came too late. After about 1580 woodcuts became unfashionable,
copper engravings gradually took their place, and the change was fatal
to the production of fine initials, of which no more were produced.
REPRODUCTIONS OF INITIALS
ULM
[Illustration]
INITIAL WITH BORDER FROM THE XYLOGRAPHIC DONATUS OF DINCKMUT
INITIALS FROM BLOCK BOOKS
[Illustration]
FROM AN ‘ARS MEMORANDI’
[Illustration]
FROM THE ‘MIRABILIA ROMAE’
MAYENCE
[Illustration]
FROM THE ÆSOP OF SCHEFFER
[Illustration]
FROM THE BREIDENBACH OF ERHARDT REUWICH
AUGSBURG
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
FROM G. ZAINER’S SIXTH GERMAN BIBLE AND J. FRIBURGENSIS’ ‘SUMMA
CONFESSORUM’
[Illustration]
FROM G. ZAINER’S ‘MARGARITA DAVITICA’
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
INITIALS OF SORG
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
INITIALS OF KELLER
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
INITIALS OF HOHENWANG AND PFLANTZMANN
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
INITIALS OF SCHÖNSPERGER
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
INITIALS OF BÄMLER
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
FROM G. ZAINER’S GERMAN BIBLE
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
FROM G. ZAINER’S GERMAN BIBLE
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
FROM SORG’S ‘SUSO DICTUS AMANDUS’
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
FROM RATDOLT’S BREVIARY, 1491
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
FROM RATDOLT’S BREVIARY AND PSALTER, 1491-1499
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
FROM RATDOLT’S CONSTANCE MISSAL, 1516
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
INITIALS BY HANS WEIDITZ IN DIFFERENT WORKS PUBLISHED BY STEYNER
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
INITIALS BY HANS WEIDITZ IN DIFFERENT WORKS PUBLISHED BY STEYNER
ULM
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
FROM J. ZAINER’S BOCCACCIO
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
OTHER INITIALS OF G. ZAINER
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
FROM THE COSMOGRAPHIA OF PTOLEMY--LEONARD HOLL, 1482
[Illustration]
FROM THE ULM BIBLE, 1480
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
INITIALS OF J. REGER, 1496
NUREMBERG
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
INITIALS OF PETER WAGNER, 1489
[Illustration]
INITIAL OF J. REGIOMONTANUS
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
FROM THE FOURTH GERMAN BIBLE OF FRISNER AND SENSENSCHMIDT
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
FROM THE FOURTH GERMAN BIBLE OF FRISNER AND SENSENSCHMIDT
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
FROM THE FOURTH GERMAN BIBLE OF FRISNER AND SENSENSCHMIDT
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
FROM THE ‘MISSALE PATAVIENSE’ OF J. GUTNECHT
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
FROM THE ‘MISSALE PATAVIENSE’ OF J. GUTNECHT
BASLE
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
FROM RICHEL’S LATIN BIBLE, 1475
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
FROM FURTER’S PSALTER, 1501
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
INITIALS BY URS GRAF
[Illustration]
FROM THE ‘CHRISTIANLICHE BILGERSCHAFT’ OF ADAM PETRI
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
INITIALS OF ‘DANCE OF DEATH’ BY LÜTZELBERGER
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
GREEK ‘DANCE OF DEATH’ INITIALS
[Illustration]
‘DANCE OF DEATH’ INITIAL
FROM ALPHABETS BY HANS HOLBEIN
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
STRASBURG COPIES OF THE ‘DANCE OF DEATH’ ALPHABET
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
INITIALS OF PEASANTS FROM THE ‘GALEN’ OF BEBELIUS AND CRATANDER
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
FROM CHILDREN’S ALPHABET IN ‘LACTANTIUS’ AND OTHER WORKS
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
FROM LARGER CHILDREN’S ALPHABET
FROM ALPHABETS BY HANS HOLBEIN
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
INITIALS OF VALENTIN CURIO, FROM ALPHABETS BY HANS HOLBEIN
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
INITIALS OF VALENTIN CURIO, FROM ALPHABETS BY HANS HOLBEIN
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
FROM THE ‘GALEN’ OF BEBELIUS AND CRATANDER
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
FROM THE GREEK LEXICON OF RENÉ GELLI
FROM ALPHABETS BY HANS HOLBEIN
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
OTHER INITIALS BY HOLBEIN
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
INITIALS BY HOLBEIN
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
INITIALS FROM ALPHABET BY AMBROSE HOLBEIN
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
INITIALS BY VAN CALCAR FROM VESALIUS
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
INITIALS BY VAN CALCAR FROM VESALIUS
ZÜRICH
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
INITIALS USED BY FROSCHOUER
LÜBECK
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
FROM THE ‘RUDIMENTA NOVITIORUM’ AND JOSEPHUS OF LUCAS BRANDIS, 1475
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
FROM THE ‘RUDIMENTA NOVITIORUM’ AND JOSEPHUS OF LUCAS BRANDIS, 1475
[Illustration]
FROM THE ‘LEBEN DES HEIL. HIERONYMUS’ BY BARTHOLOMEW GHOTAN, 1484
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
FROM THE ‘MEDITATIONES SANCTÆ BRIGITTÆ’ BY BARTHOLOMEW GHOTAN
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
FROM THE ‘MEDITATIONES SANCTÆ BRIGITTÆ’ BY BARTHOLOMEW GHOTAN
BAMBERG
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
FROM THE ‘MISSALE OLUMUCENSE’ OF SENSENSCHMIDT, 1489
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
FROM THE ‘MISSALE OLUMUCENSE’ OF SENSENSCHMIDT, 1489
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
FROM A BAMBERG MISSAL
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
FROM THE BAMBERG MISSAL OF J. PFEYL, 1506
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
FROM THE BAMBERG MISSAL OF J. PFEYL, 1506
STRASBURG
[Illustration]
FROM T. DE HASELPACH’S ‘SERMONES’
[Illustration]
FROM ‘BURGUNDISCHE HISTORIE’
[Illustration]
FROM ‘DIALOGUS SALOMONIS ET MARCOLFI’
[Illustration]
FROM ‘BELIAL’ AND OTHER BOOKS
FROM VARIOUS BOOKS PRINTED BY KNOBLOCHTZER
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
FROM THE ‘DEUTSCHER KALENDER’ AND OTHER BOOKS
[Illustration]
FROM THE ‘DE SECRETIS MULIERUM’
[Illustration]
FROM THE ‘DE RITU ET MORIBUS INDORUM’
FROM VARIOUS BOOKS PRINTED BY KNOBLOCHTZER
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
ANTHROPOMORPHIC LETTERS USED BY VARIOUS PRINTERS
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
INITIALS FROM THE ‘SCRIPTUM’ OF G. DE OCKAM, AND THE ‘COMMENTARIUS
SANCTI JOHANNIS,’ PRINTED BY G. SCHOTT
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
LETTERS FROM THE ‘PLENARIUM’
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
OTHER STRASBURG INITIALS
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
FROM A PSALTER BY J. PRUSZ, 1498
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
FROM KNOBLOUCH’S ‘POGGE,’ 1513
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
FROM VARIOUS BOOKS PRINTED BY GRÜNINGER
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
FROM VARIOUS BOOKS PRINTED BY GRÜNINGER
[Illustration]
FROM ‘SERMONES’ OF GEILER VON KAISERSPERG
[Illustration]
FROM ‘SERMONES’ OF GEILER VON KAISERSPERG
REUTLINGEN
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
FROM BOOKS PRINTED BY G. GRYFF
GENEVA
[Illustration]
FROM THE ‘DOCTRINAL DE SAPIENCE’ OF 1488
[Illustration]
FROM THE ‘DOCTRINAL DE SAPIENCE’ OF 1493
[Illustration]
FROM ‘LES FLEURS ET MANIÈRES DES TEMPS PASSÉS’
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
FROM THE ‘DIALOGUS CREATURUM’
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
FROM A MISSAL OF BELLOT
COLOGNE
[Illustration]
FROM QUENTELL’S MISSAL, 1494
[Illustration]
FROM A DONATUS
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
FROM ‘SEQUENTIARUM ET HYMNORUM’ EXPOSITIO BY BUNGART DE KETWYCK
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
OTHER INITIALS BY QUENTELL
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
BY MELCHIOR NOVESIANUS
[Illustration]
BY J. GYMNICUS
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
FROM ALPHABET OF ALBERT DÜRER IN BOOKS BY CERVICORNUS
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
FROM ALPHABET OF ALBERT DÜRER IN BOOKS BY CERVICORNUS
[Illustration]
A LYONS COPY
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
MACABRE INITIALS
[Illustration]
COPIED FROM THE VENETIAN ‘BREVIARUM ORBIS’ OF LILIUS
VENICE
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
INITIALS OF RATDOLT, 1476
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
FROM MISSALS AND BREVIARIES BY GEORGE ARRIVABENE AND LUCANTONIO DI
GIUNTA
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
FROM MISSALS AND BREVIARIES BY GEORGE ARRIVABENE AND LUCANTONIO DI
GIUNTA
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
FROM MISSALS AND BREVIARIES BY GEORGE ARRIVABENE AND LUCANTONIO DI
GIUNTA
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
FROM A BOOK PRINTED BY BONETUS LOCATELLUS
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
FROM BOOKS BY MATTEO CAPCASA, TACUINUS DE TRIDINO, BONETUS LOCATELLUS,
AND OTHERS
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
FROM BOOKS BY MATTEO CAPCASA, TACUINUS DE TRIDINO, BONETUS LOCATELLUS,
AND OTHERS
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
FROM THE ‘MISSALE VALLISUMBROSE’ OF GIUNTA
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
FROM THE ‘MISSALE VALLISUMBROSE’ OF GIUNTA
[Illustration]
FROM THE ‘MISSALE VALLISUMBROSE’ OF GIUNTA
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
FROM A VENETIAN IMPRESSION
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
FROM AN EDITION OF ARISTOTLE BY SESSA
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
FROM THE ‘VITA DI SANCTI PADRI’ OF OTINO DA PAVIA DE LA LUNA
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
FROM THE ‘VITA DI SANCTI PADRI’ OF OTINO DA PAVIA DE LA LUNA
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
INITIALS BY SESSA
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
FROM THE ‘BREVIARIUM ORBIS’ OF ZACHARIUS LILIUS
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
FROM A VENETIAN IMPRESSION
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
FROM WORKS BY VARIOUS PRINTERS
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
INITIALS BY DE GREGORIIS
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
INITIALS BY DE GREGORIIS
[Illustration]
PORTRAIT OF COSMO DE MEDICI
[Illustration]
PIUS ROMAE PONTIFEX
ROME
[Illustration]
FROM THE ‘VITÆ CÆSARUM’ OF SUETONIUS BY SWEYNHEIM AND PANNARTZ, 1471
[Illustration]
E. SILBER, 1507
[Illustration]
JACOBUS MAZOCHIUS, 1515
SIENNA
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
FROM THE ‘OPERA DATHI’ OF NARDI, 1503
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
FROM THE ‘OPERA DATHI’ OF NARDI, 1503
COMO
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
FROM THE VITRUVIUS OF GOTARDUS DE PONTE
PAVIA
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
INITIALS OF J. DE BURGOFRANCO
SALUZZO
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
FROM THE ‘AUREUM OPUS’ OF LE SIGNERRE
VERONA
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
FROM A WORK BY CELSUS MAPHEUS
VICENZA
[Illustration]
FROM A CATALOGUS SANCTORUM
BRESCIA
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
FROM THE ‘INVECTIVAE’ OF T. N. CYCHUTHOE
FERRARA
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
FROM THE ‘DE CLARIS MULIERIBUS’
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
FROM THE ‘MISSALE CARTHUSIENSE,’ PRINTED BY THE MONKS AT THEIR CONVENT
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
FROM THE ‘MISSALE CARTHUSIENSE,’ PRINTED BY THE MONKS AT THEIR CONVENT
MILAN
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
LETTRINES BY SCINZENZELLER
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
FROM THE ‘OPUS AUREE’ OF ZAROTUS, 1513
[Illustration]
FROM THE ‘SERMONS OF ST. BERNARD,’ LEONARD PACHEL, 1495
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
FROM WORKS PRINTED BY GERARD PONTICUS
LYONS
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
‘LETTRES TOURNEURES FLEURONNÉES’ OF W. LEROY, 1479
[Illustration]
FROM ‘LE PRESTRE JEHAN’
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
FROM ‘LES QUATRE FILS AYMON’ OF W. LEROY
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
FROM THE ‘STATUTA SYNODALIA’ OF W. LEROY
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
FROM THE BOCCACCIO OF MATHIEU AND JEAN SCHABELER, 1483
[Illustration]
FROM THE BREIDENBACH OF GASPARD ORTUIN
[Illustration]
FROM ‘LA MER DES HYSTOIRES’ BY MICHEL TOPIE
[Illustration]
FROM A MELUSINE
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
LETTRES RUSTIQUES OF MATHIEU HUSZ
[Illustration]
FROM THE ‘LIVRE DES MARCHANDS’
[Illustration]
FROM THE ‘SOMME RURALE’ OF BOUTELLIER
[Illustration]
FROM THE ‘CATHON EN FRANÇOYS’
[Illustration]
LYONS COPY OF AN INITIAL FROM THE BOECE OF VÉRARD
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
FROM SACCON’S MISSAL
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
FROM THE MISSAL OF PIERRE HONGRE
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
FROM THE MISSAL OF PIERRE HONGRE
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
FROM THE MISSAL OF PIERRE HONGRE
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
INITIALS BY J. POULLET, 1505
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
FROM THE MISSAL OF NARBONNE, 1528
[Illustration]
FROM A LYONS MISSAL
[Illustration]
FROM A ‘CATALOGUS SANCTORUM’ OF SACCON
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
FROM THE ‘CATHOLICON’ OF J. WOLFF, 1503
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
FROM THE ‘CATHOLICON’ OF J. WOLFF, 1503
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
FROM AN UNIDENTIFIED ‘PROPRIETAIRE’
[Illustration]
FROM ‘AUREUM OPUS’
[Illustration]
FROM ‘PLUSIEURS GENTILLESSES’ ETC.
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
FROM MAGNINI’S ‘REGIMEN SANITATIS,’ BY FRADIN
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
INITIALS BY SACCON
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
INITIALS BY BLANCHARD AND OTHER PRINTERS
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
CHILDREN’S ALPHABET BY FRADIN
[Illustration]
FROM WORKS OF ST. AMBROSE
[Illustration]
PORTRAIT OF ERASMUS
[Illustration]
FROM A LYONS BIBLE
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
FROM THE ‘BIBLIA CUM SUMMARIIS CONCORDANTIIS,’ ETC., BY JOHN MOYLIN
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
FROM THE ‘BIBLIA CUM SUMMARIIS CONCORDANTIIS,’ ETC., BY JOHN MOYLIN
[Illustration]
FROM THE ‘BIBLIA CUM SUMMARIIS CONCORDANTIIS’
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
FROM THE ‘CATALOGUS SANCTORUM’ OF SACCON
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
FROM THE ‘CATALOGUS SANCTORUM’ OF SACCON
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
FROM THE ‘CATALOGUS SANCTORUM’ OF SACCON
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
FROM THE ‘CATALOGUS SANCTORUM’ OF SACCON
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
FROM THE ‘CATALOGUS SANCTORUM’ OF SACCON
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
FROM THE ‘CATALOGUS SANCTORUM’ OF SACCON
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
FROM THE ‘CATALOGUS SANCTORUM’ OF SACCON
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
FROM THE ‘CATALOGUS SANCTORUM’ OF SACCON
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
INITIALS OF SACCON
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
FROM A ‘MORALE REDUCTORIUM PETRI BERTHORII’
[Illustration]
LETTER USED BY JACQUES MODERNES
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
ALPHABET OF PHILOSOPHERS
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
FROM AN ALPHABET OF PHILOSOPHERS
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
MYTHOLOGICAL INITIALS
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
MYTHOLOGICAL LETTERS OF JACOPO FABIO
PARIS
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
FROM THE ‘VIES DES ANCIENS SAINCTZ PÈRES’ OF DUPRÉ
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
CALLIGRAPHIC ALPHABET OF VÉRARD
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
FROM THE ‘NEF DE SANTÉ’ OF TREPPEREL
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
INITIALS IN BOOKS BY BOCARD
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
INITIALS IN BOOKS PRINTED BY REMBOLT AND GERING
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
INITIALS IN BOOKS PRINTED BY REMBOLT AND GERING
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
INITIALS IN BOOKS PRINTED BY REMBOLT AND GERING
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
FROM THE HISTORY OF DENMARK BY SAXO GRAMMATICUS
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
INITIALS USED IN THE ‘JARDIN DE SANTÉ’ BY TREPPEREL
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
FROM THE ARISTOTLE OF H. ESTIENNE
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
FROM THE ‘MISSALE PARISIENSE’ BY WOLFGANG HOPYL
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
FROM MISSALS BY WOLFGANG HOPYL
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
FROM MISSALS BY WOLFGANG HOPYL
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
INITIALS USED BY PHILIPPE LENOIR, TREPPEREL, AND OTHERS
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
FROM AN UNIDENTIFIED MISSAL ATTRIBUTED TO G. TORY
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
FROM AN UNIDENTIFIED MISSAL ATTRIBUTED TO G. TORY
[Illustration]
FROM A PARIS MISSAL
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
GROTESQUE MISSAL INITIALS
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
FROM A ‘PROPRIETAIRE’ OF PHILIPPE LENOIR
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
INITIALS USED BY JOSSE BADE
[Illustration]
(Original size)
[Illustration]
(Enlargement)
[Illustration]
INITIALS USED BY CHEVALLON
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
INITIALS BY VASCOSAN
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
INITIALS BY SIMON DE COLINES
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
ROYAL LETTERS DESIGNED BY GEOFFROY TORY
[Illustration]
FROM KERVER’S ALPHABET
[Illustration]
FROM DE LA BARRE’S PRESS
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
ENGLISH COPIES OF KERVER
[Illustration]
COPY OF REMBOLT
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
FROM PHILIP LE NOIR
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
PEN LETTERS OF PHILIP LE NOIR
TROYES
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
FROM ‘LA THOISON D’OR’ BY THE LEROUGES
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
FROM THE ‘GRADUALE TRECENSE’ AND ‘STATUTA SYNODALIA’ BY LECOQ
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
LITTLE LETTERS OF THE ‘VIE DE MONSEIGNEUR ST. BERNARD’ OF LECOQ
ROUEN
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
FROM THE ‘PSALTERII EXPOSITIO’ OF PETRUS DE HARENTALS
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
FROM VARIOUS WORKS BY MARTIN MORIN
[Illustration]
FROM THE ‘MISSALE ATREBATENSE’ OF MARTIN MORIN
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
FROM THE ‘MISSALE ATREBATENSE’ OF MARTIN MORIN
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
FROM THE ‘COMMINES’ OF J. FORESTIER
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
FROM THE ‘PROPRIETAIRE’ OF J. FORESTIER
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
FROM THE ‘OPERA GUILELMI MONACHI VALLADII’ BY HOSTINGUE
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
FROM A ‘COUSTUMIER DE NORMANDIE’ OF 1523
AVIGNON
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
FROM WORKS PRINTED BY JEAN DE CHAUNY
POITIERS
[Illustration]
FROM A POITIERS MISSAL
[Illustration]
FROM A ‘COUSTUMIER DE POITOU’
[Illustration]
USED IN IMPRESSIONS OF POITIERS
FRANCE
[Illustration]
FROM A LIMOGES MISSAL
[Illustration]
FROM TOULOUSE
[Illustration]
FROM A LIMOGES MISSAL
[Illustration]
FROM THE ÆSOP OF ALBI
[Illustration]
FROM ‘LA VIE ET LÉGENDE DE MME. STE. PETROINE’
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
FROM BESANÇON
SPANISH TOWNS
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
FROM VALENCIA, BY G. CASTILLA
[Illustration]
FROM SEVILLE, BY JUAN DE VARILA
[Illustration]
FROM COIMBRA, BY J. ALVERA
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
ORIGIN UNCERTAIN
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
FROM THE ‘COMPILACION DE LEYES,’ PRINTED AT ZAMORA
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
INITIALS USED BY J. CROMBERGER
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
FROM A MEDICAL BOOK
[Illustration]
FROM A BOOK PRINTED AT BURGOS
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
ORIGIN UNCERTAIN
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
DANCE OF DEATH INITIALS FROM THE ‘LIBRO SOTILISSIMO’ PRINTED AT STELLA
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
FROM THE ‘COMENTO DE EUSEBIO’ OF H. GYFFER, SALAMANCA
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
FROM THE ‘PASSIONARIUM’ OF BROCART, COMPLUTUM
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
FROM THE ‘EPILOGO IN MEDICINA’
EARLY DUTCH INITIALS
[Illustration]
USED BY JACOB VAN DER MEER OF DELFT
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
USED BY GODFRID DE OS OF GOUDA
[Illustration]
FROM THE ‘LIFE OF ST. LYDWINNE’ PRINTED AT SCHIEDAM
[Illustration]
ENGLISH ADAPTATION OF THE PRECEDING
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
USED BY THIERRY MARTENS
[Illustration]
USED BY G. LEEU OF ANTWERP
[Illustration]
FROM AN EARLY LOUVAIN MISSAL
[Illustration]
FROM THE TITLE-PAGE OF A ‘BELIAL’ OF ANTWERP
[Illustration]
FROM A LEYDEN TITLE-PAGE
[Illustration]
PORTRAIT OF PHILIP LE BEL, FROM A WORK PUBLISHED BY GODFRID BACK OF
ANTWERP
LATER GERMAN INITIALS
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
FROM THE MISSAL OF SPIRES BY PETER DRACH
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
FROM THE BENEDICTINE MISSAL OF HAGENAU
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
FROM THE BENEDICTINE MISSAL OF HAGENAU
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
FROM THE BENEDICTINE MISSAL OF HAGENAU
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
FROM THE BENEDICTINE MISSAL OF HAGENAU
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
FROM THE BENEDICTINE MISSAL OF HAGENAU
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
FROM AN UNIDENTIFIED (? MAGDEBURG) MISSAL
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
FROM THE ‘MISSALE POSNANIENSE’
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
FROM THE ‘MISSALE EVANGELIARE’ OF LUTHER, BY KRAFFT OF WITTEMBURG
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
INITIALS USED AT DRESDEN
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
INITIALS BY PILGRIM IN THE ‘ELEGANTIAE’ OF LAURENTIUS VALLA, BY
SCHURER, SCHLESTADT
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
FROM THE ‘MISSALE PATAVIENSE’ OF WINTERBERGER, VIENNA
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
FROM WORKS PRINTED BY KNOBLOUCH
[Illustration]
FROM A METZ PSALTER BY CASPAR HOCHFFEDER
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
FROM PLINIUS OF HAGENAU, USED AFTERWARDS AT COLOGNE
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
FROM A MAGDEBURG BIBLE
[Illustration]
BY SCHEFFER OF MAYENCE
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
FROM THE ‘ASTRONOMICON CESAREUM’ OF APIANUS
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
FROM THE ‘ASTRONOMICON CESAREUM’ OF APIANUS
[Illustration]
FROM AN ECCLESIASTICAL DOCUMENT
ENGLISH INITIALS
[Illustration]
CAXTON’S ‘A’
[Illustration]
WYNKYN DE WORDE’S BORROWED ‘H’
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
FROM PYNSON’S MORTON MISSAL
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
INITIALS USED BY JOHN DAY
[Illustration]
INITIAL WITH ARMS OF ARCHBISHOP CRANMER, FROM THE BISHOPS’ BIBLE
[Illustration]
INITIAL WITH ARMS OF HENRY VII., FROM GRAFTON’S EDITION OF ‘HALLE’S
CHRONICLE’
[Illustration]
INITIAL WITH ARMS OF THE EARL OF LEICESTER, FROM DAY’S EDITION OF
CUNNINGHAM’S ‘COSMOGRAPHICAL GLASS’
[Illustration]
PORTRAIT OF QUEEN ELIZABETH FROM DAY’S EDITION OF FOXE’S ‘BOOK OF
MARTYRS’
INDEX
PAGE
Æsop, initial from Scheffer’s edition, 112
---- initial from Albi edition, 95, 252
Albi, initial in the _manière éraillée_, from Æsop printed at, 95, 252
_Alvarus Pelagius_ of J. Zainer, border used in, 23
Alvera, J., initial used by, at Coimbra, 253
Ambrose, St., portrait initial of, 211
Antwerp, initial from title-page of book printed at, 102, 262
---- initials used in books printed by G. Leeu at, 102, 261
Apianus, P., initials from _Astronomicon Cesareum_ printed by, 107,
274 _sq._
Apocalypse, different editions of the block-book, 4
Arion, initial representing the adventure of, 61
Aristotle, _Opera Nonnulla_ printed by Keller, 17
---- initials in editions of, by H. Estienne, 232
Arrivabene, George, initials from missals printed by, 59, 171 _sqq._
_Ars Memorandi_, historical initial in the, 5, 112
_Ars Moriendi_, the block-book, 4
_Astronomicon Cesareum_ printed by P. Apianus at Ingoldstadt, 107,
274 _sq._
Augsburg, 5
---- initials used by printers, 14, 113-122
_Aureum Opus_, initials from edition of, by De Vingle, 77, 208
Avignon, initials from volume printed at, 93, 251
_Aymon, les Quatre Fils de_, initials used in Lyons edition of, 195
Back, Godfrid, initials used by, 262
Bade, Josse, armorial initials in History of Denmark printed by, 85,
230
---- ---- other initials of, 238
Bamberg, initials from missal of Johann Pfeyl of, 41, 152 _sq._
---- initials from _Missale Olumucense_ of, 41, 150 _sq._
Bämler, Johann, initials from works printed by, 16, 117
Basle, initials reproduced from books printed at, 134-145
---- psalter of 1501 by Furter, initials from, 30, 135
Bebelius, Joannes, initials of Holbein in works published by, 33
Bebelius and Cratander, initials of Holbein in works by, 36
Bellot, Jean, initials from volumes printed by, 53
Benedictine missal printed at Hagenau, initials used in, 104, 264
_sqq._
Bernard, le Petit, initials attributed to, 81
Berthorius, Petrus, initials from _Morale Reductorium_ of, 81, 222
Besançon, printers of, use same initials as Furter of Basle, 95
---- initials of, 252
Bible, initials from G. Zainer’s editions of, 15, 24, 113, 115, 118
_sq._
---- Latin, of Basle, initials from, 29, 134
---- initial from Ulm edition, 1480, 127
---- initial from a Lyons, 211
---- German edition, pictorial initials of the fifth, 17, 118 _sq._
---- fourth edition by Frisner and Sensenschmidt, 26, 129 _sq._
---- initials from Nuremberg edition, 129 _sq._
---- the Bishops’, initials in, 108_c_, 279
Bibles, Augsburg and Nuremberg, compared, 17
_Biblia cum Summariis et Concordantiis_ of Jean Moylin, initials of,
78, 212 _sq._
_Biblia Pauperum_, the block-book, 4
Birckmann, Franc, Hagenau initials copied by, 105
Blanchard, remarkable initials used in works by, 77, 210
Block-books, initials from, 110
Bocard, André, initials in books printed by, 83, 108_b_
Book-hunting in time of Aulus Gellius, 1
Book-plate forming part of early Nuremberg impression, 27
Brandis, Lucas, initials from _Rudimenta Novitiorum_ and _Josephus_
of, 39, 146 _sq._
Breidenbach, Bernard von, initial from Reuwich’s edition of his
_Peregrinationes_, 75, 112
---- initials from Ortuin’s Lyons edition, 198
Brescia, initials from works printed at, 71, 189
Bridget, St., _Meditationes_, initials used in Lübeck edition of, 148
_sq._
Brocart, Arn. de, initials used by, 259
Bumgart de Ketwyck, initials used by, at Cologne, 165
Burgofranco, J. P. de, initials in _Hyginus de Stellis_ printed by,
67, 188
Burgos, initial used at, 256
Byzantium, books of, on purple parchment, 2
Calcar, J. van, initials of, in Anatomy of Vesalius, 37, 144 _sq._
Calligraphic initials from Paris title-pages, 83
Capcasa, Matteo, initials from works published by, 58, 174 _sq._
Cassiodorus, initial from works of, by Steyner, 21
Castilla, G., initial used by, at Valencia, 253
_Catalogus Sanctorum_ of Saccon, 76, 214 _sqq._
_Catholicon_ of J. Wolff, selected initials from, 76, 206 _sq._
Caxton, W., initials used by, 108_b_, 277
Cervicornus or Hirtzhorn, Euch., initials in works published by, 52,
168 _sq._
Charlemagne invites Irish and Anglo-Saxon monks to his kingdom, 2
Charles the Bald welcomes foreign artists, 2
Chauny, Jean de, initials from works printed by, 251
Chevallon, Claude, initial representing scenes from _Ars Moriendi_
in work published by, 88, 238
Children, initials with, used by Venice printers, 61
---- copied by printers of Basle, Cologne, and Hagenau, 61
Cicero, initials from German edition of, by Steyner, 21
Cocksperger, Peter, and the Mayence Psalter initials, 10
Coimbra, initials used by J. Alvira of, 98, 253
Cologne, initial from Donatus of, 51, 165
---- other initials used at, 165 _sq._
Como, initials of _Vitruvius_ printed at, 68, 187
_Compilacion de Leyes_, initials from Zamora edition, 255
Complutum (Alcala de Henares), initial used in liturgical works
printed by Brocart at, 100, 259
_Cosmographia_ of Ptolemy, initials from, 24, 127
---- of Sebastian Munster, account of Psalter initials in the, 9
Cranmer, Archbishop, initial with his arms, 108_c_, 279
Cromberger, J., initials used by, 256
Cross-hatching, invention of, 20
Cunningham, William, initials in his _Cosmographical Glasse_, 108_c_,
279
Curio, Valentin, initials used by, at Basle, 36, 140 _sq._
_Dance of Death_ alphabets used at Basle, 137
---- ---- alphabet, Strasburg copies of, 33, 138
---- ---- alphabet in books published at Stella, 98, 257
Dante, praises French miniaturists, 3
Day, John, initials used by, 108_c_, 278 _sq._
Delft, initial used by Jacob van der Meer at, 102, 260
_Deutscher Kalender_, initials from, 44
Dinckmut, Conrad, initial and border from _Donatus_ printed by, 12,
111
_Doctrinal de Sapience_, initial from title-page of, 53, 163
Donatus, Aelius, Latin primer of, 4
---- initial from edition of, by Quentell, 12
---- with Psalter initials attributed to Gutenberg (1456), 9
---- initial from xylographic impression by Dinckmut, 12, 111
Drach, Peter, initials in red from missal of Spires printed by, 103,
263
Dresden, initial used at, 270
Dupré, Jean, ornamental letters in the _Vies des Anciens Saincts
Pères_ of, 82
Dürer, Albert, makes innovation in engraving, 20
---- ---- ornamental letters attributed to, 52, 168 _sq._
Elizabeth, Queen, portrait-initial of, 108_c_, 280
English copies of initials by Kerver, 241
Erasmus, Desiderius, initial with portrait of, 78, 211
Esslingen, initials in works printed at, 46
Estienne, H., initials from work published by, 86, 232
_Etymologicum Magnum_ of Callierges, coloured initials in the, 11
_Eusebio di Comento_, initials from Salamanca edition of, 96, 288
_Ex-libris_, initial forming, from book printed at Paris, 83
Fabio, Jacopo, mythological letters in works published by, 81, 225
Ferrara, alphabet of initials from work of Joh. Philippus Bergomensis
printed at, 69, 190
---- initials from _Missale Carthusiense_ of, 69, 191 _sq._
Finé, Oronce, initial with portrait of, 87
Fool, first engraving of a, in a woodcut border, 23
---- first example of the, in woodcut initials, 17
---- in church architecture and early book ornamentation, 23
Forestier, Jacques, specimens of alphabets used in a _Commines_
printed by, 93, 248
Formschneider, opposition of, to the use of woodcut initials, 15
Fossombrone, initials in work published by Ottaviano dei Petrucci of,
67
Foxe, John, portrait-initial of Queen Elizabeth, in his _Book of
Martyrs_, 108_c_, 280
Fradin, François, children’s alphabet used by, 78, 211
---- initials from the _Regimen Sanitatis_ of Magnini printed by, 77,
209
Frank, Hans, initial signed by, 81
Friburgensis, Johann, _Summa Confessorum_, Augsburg, G. Zainer (1476),
initials used in, 15, 111
Frisner and Sensenschmidt, initials from fourth German Bible by, 26,
129 _sqq._
Froben, Johann, initials of Holbein in works by, 37
Froschouer, Johann, initials in books printed at Zurich by, 38, 145
Fürter, Michael, initials from books printed by, 31, 135
Fust, Johann, association of, with Scheffer, 6
_Galen_, initials from Basle edition of, 139, 142
Gelli, René, initials in Greek lexicon of, 142
Geneva, large calligraphic initials from books printed at, 53, 163
---- other initials used at, 164
Gering, Ulrich. _See_ Rembolt and Gering.
Ghotan, Bartholomew, initials used by, at Lübeck, 40, 147 _sqq._
Giunta, Lucantonio di, initials from missals and breviaries printed
by, 59, 171 _sqq._, 176 _sqq._
Gouda, initials used by Godfrid de Os at, 101, 108_b_, 260
Graf, Urs, initials by, 136
Gregoriis, G. and J. de, initials from Herodotus and other works
printed by, 59, 183 _sq._
Grotesque, the, in book ornamentation, 87
---- profiles, earliest example of, 16
Grüninger, Johann, initials from works printed by, 46-47, 48, 160
_sq._
Gutenberg, Johann, invention of printing by, 6
Gutenberg Bible sold by Scheffer as a manuscript, 8
Gutnecht, Jodocus, initials in _Missale Pataviense_ of, 28, 132, 133
Gyffer, Hans, of Silgenstat, initials from works published at
Salamanca by, 96, 288
Gymnicus, J., alphabets in works printed by, 53, 167
Hagenau, initials of Benedictine missal printed at, 104, 264 _sq._
---- initials from Plinius printed by Thomas Anselm at, 104, 273
Halle’s Chronicle, initials in, 108_c_, 279
Harentals, Petrus de, initials used in an _Expositio Psalterii_ by,
245
Heineken, C. H. von, attributes Psalter initials to Meydenbach, 9
Henry VII., initial with his arms, 279
Heraldic initials. _See_ Initials, Armorial.
Hochffeder, Gaspard, initial from Psalter of Metz printed by, 106, 272
Hohenwang, Ludwig, initials used by, 116
Holbein, Ambrose, initials by, 144
---- Hans, alphabets of, 32, 139 _sqq._
---- ---- children’s alphabet by, 35, 139
---- ---- _Dance of Death_ alphabet by, 32, 137
---- ---- initial of, in books by Valentine Curio, 36
---- ---- mistakes in anatomy, 34
---- ---- peasants’ alphabet by, 35
---- ---- the four Greek initials from the _Galen_ of 1538, 36
Holl, Leonard, initials in work printed by, 24, 127
Holtrop, J. W., early Dutch initials copied from works published by,
101
Hongre, Pierre, initials from missal of, 202 _sqq._
Hopyl, Wolfgang, initials used by, 86, 232 _sq._
Hostingue, L., and J. Loys, initials from work published by, 91, 250
Hupfuff, M., initials in works printed by, 45
Husz, Mathieu, initials used by, at Lyons, 197, 199
_Imagines_ of Varro, described by Pliny, 2
Ingoldstadt, initials of M. Ostendorfer used at, 107
Initials, anthropomorphic, of Strasburg printers, 45
---- armorial, 85, 108_c_, 230, 279
---- coloured, used by Roman copyists, 1
---- from the _Libro Sotilissimo_, a typographical curiosity printed
at Stella, 99
---- large calligraphic, on title-pages of books printed at Lyons, 75,
200
---- mythological, 224 _sq._
---- in minium or cinnabar of sixth century, 2
---- of chequer work, 3
---- resembling Gallo-Frank jewellery, 3
---- vagaries in use of, 24
Israel von Mecken, initials by, 27
Italy, influence of French art in, 3
Josephus, initials from Lübeck edition of, 146
Josse Bade. _See_ Bade.
Kaisersperg, Geyler von, initials in works of, 46, 49, 161 _sq._
Keller, Ambrose, initials from works printed by, 16-17, 115
Kerver, Thielmann, initials by, 241
Knoblochtzer, Heinrich, initials from works printed by, 43, 155 _sq._
Knoblouch, Johann, initials in works printed by, 46, 189, 272
Lecoq, Jean, alphabet from _La Vie de Monseigneur St. Bernard_ by, 91,
244
---- letters with grotesque profiles from different works printed by,
90, 243
Leeu, Gerard, initials used by, 102, 261
Leicester, Earl of, initial with his arms, 108_c_, 279
Lenoir, Philippe, initials in works published by, 87, 234, 237, 241
Leo the Isaurian burns the public library, 2
Lerouges, les, initials from _La Thoison d’Or_ printed by, 90, 242
Leroy, Guillaume, initials used by, 73, 195 _sq._
Le Signerre, Guillaume, initials used by, at Saluzzo, 189
_Lettres parlantes_ in Lyons impression, 81
---- _tourneures fleuronnées_ used by Leroy in 1479, 73
_Liber Biblie Moralis_ of J. Zainer, initials in, 23
Lilius, Zacharias, initials from the _Breviarium Orbis_ of, 182
Limoges, initials from missal printed at, 94, 252
Locatellus, Bonetus, initials used in works printed by, 60, 174 _sq._
Louvain, historiated initial from fifteenth-century missal printed at,
102, 261
Lübeck, initials from works published at, 39, 146 _sqq._
Lufft of Wittemberg, initials used by, 105, 270
Lützelberger, Hans, _Dance of Death_ initials engraved by, 137
Lyons, initials from books printed at, 194 _sqq._
Lyons missals, initials used in different, 75
---- copy of Cologne initial, 169
Macabre initials used at Cologne, 170
Maiblümchen or lily of the valley design in early books, 5
Mainz. _See_ Mayence.
_Margarita Davitica_, initial of G. Zainer from, 16, 114
Marriage licence, pictorial initial from, 108, 276
Martens, Thierry, initials used by, 102, 261
Mathieu Husz and Jean Schabeler, initials used in Boccaccio of, 74
Mayence, initial in Erhardt Reuwich’s _Breidenbach_, 13, 112
---- initial in Scheffer’s _Æsop_ printed at, 13, 112
---- later Scheffer initial, 273
Mazochius, Jacobus, portrait of Ariosto in work published by, 65, 185
Medici, Cosmo de, initial with portrait of, 63, 184
_Meditations of St. Bridget_, initials from Lübeck edition of, 40
Meer, Jacob van der, initials used by, at Delft, 260
_Melusine_, initials from Lyons edition of, 199
Milan, initials from works printed at, 70, 192 _sq._
---- initials from works printed by Joannes de Castellione at, 70
Miniatures in books of Athens and Rome, 2
---- in mediæval manuscripts, 2
_Mirabilia Romae_, historiated initial of the, 12, 112
_Missale Atrebatense_, initials from, 246, 247
---- _Bambergense_, initials from the edition by J. Pfeyl, 152 _sq._
---- _Benedictinum_, initials from Hagenau edition of, 264 _sqq._
---- _Evangeliare_ of Wittemberg, initials from, 105, 270
---- _Olumucense_, coloured initials of the, 11-41, 150 _sq._
---- _Pataviense_, pictorial initials from, 132 _sq._, 271
---- _Vallisumbrose_, large pictorial initials from, 59, 176 _sqq._
Missals printed at Lyons, initials from, 201 _sqq._, 205
---- printed at Paris, 232 _sqq._
---- printed at Rouen, 247 _sq._
Modernes, Jacques, curious initial in work on Military Art printed by,
81, 222
Monks, Irish and Anglo-Saxon, celebrated for miniatures and
historiations, 2
Montfaucon, alphabet of animals of, 3
Morin, Martin, calligraphic initial from missal printed by, 92, 246
---- ---- initials from other works published by, 92-93, 246 _sq._
Morton, Archbishop, initial with his rebus, 108_c_, 277
Moylin, Jean, initials from his Latin Bible, 78, 212 _sq._
Müller, Johann, or Regiomontanus, works by, 25
Murr, C. G. von, and the artist of the Psalter initials, 10
Nardi, Simeon, initials from _Datus_ published by, 65, 185 _sq._
Naudé, Gabriel, accusation against Scheffer, 8
_Normandie, Coustumier de_, curious initials from a, 92, 250
Novesianus, Melchior, imitations of Alphabet of Death in works printed
by, 53
---- ---- other initials used by, 167
Nuremberg, curious work attributed variously to Stuchs, Zeninger, and
Wagner published at, 26, 54
---- initials from books printed at, 128 _sqq._
Ornamentation of early books, 1
Oronce Finé. _See_ Finé.
Ortuin, Gaspard, initial from Breidenbach’s _Peregrinationes_, 75, 198
Os, Godfrid de, initials used by, 260
Otino da Pavia de la Luna, initials in the _Vita di Sancti Padri_ of,
62, 179 _sq._
Pachel, Leonard, initials used by, at Milan, 193
Papillon, J. B. M., testimony of, concerning the artist of the Psalter
initials, 10
Paris, renowned for its manuscripts and copyists, 3
---- initials used at, 226 _sqq._
Pavia, initials used at, 188
Peter, St., portrait initial of, 276
Petrarch, initials from German translation of his _De remediis
utriusque fortunæ_, by Steyner, 21
Petri, Adam, repetition of same initial in books printed by, 31
---- ---- pilgrim initial used by, 136
_Petroine, La vie et légende de Mme. Ste._, initials from, 95, 252
Pfister, Alb., impressions of, resembling block-books, 11
Pflantzmann, J., initials from books printed by, 16, 116
Philip le Bel, portrait initial of, 262
Philosophers, alphabets of, 81, 223 _sq._
Pius II., Pope, portrait initial of, 184
Playing-cards, method of printing, 4
_Plenarium_, initials used in Strasburg edition of, 158
Pogge, J. F., initials from edition of, printed by Knoblouch, 46, 159
Poitiers, initials from books printed at, 94, 251
Polychrome initials in early books, 11
Ponte, Gotardus de, initials from Vitruvius printed by, 187
Poullet, J., initials used by, 204
_Prestre Jehan_, historiated initial from title-page of, 73, 195
---- ---- initials from Paris edition of, 237
_Propriétaire_, initials from Rouen editions of, 92, 249
---- letters from Lyons edition of, 77, 208
Prusz, Johann, initials used by, at Strasburg, 46, 158
Psalter of Mayence initials, Bodman hoaxes Fischer concerning, 8
---- initials from Furter’s Basle edition of, 135
---- initials from edition by J. Prusz of Strasburg, 46, 154
---- initials said to have been used by Gutenberg, 8
---- opinions as to the initials of, 7
Ptolemy, initials from Ulm edition of the _Cosmographia_, 24, 127
Pynson, Richard, initials from his Sarum Missal, 108_b_, 277
Quadragesimale of Gritsch, pictorial border of the, 23
Quentell, Heinrich, initials from volumes printed by, 53, 165 _sq._
Ratdolt, Erhard, initials from _Calendarium_ of J. di Monteregio
(Johannes Regiomontanus) by, 57, 171
---- ---- initials in _Brevarium Constantiense_ of 1516 by, 19, 123
---- ---- initials in breviary by, 18, 121 _sq._
---- ---- initials in psalter of 1499 by, 18-19, 122
---- ---- Latin couplet on, 19
_Rationale Durandi_, ornamented with some of the same initials as
Psalter of Mayence, 11
Reger, Johann, initials in works printed by, 25, 128
Rembolt and Gering, initials from volumes printed by, 83-84, 228
_sqq._
Reutlingen, initials in works printed at, 49, 162
Richard de Bury praises libraries of Paris, 3
Richel, Bernard, initials from Latin Bible of, 29
Rome, initials used at, 185
Rouen, initials used at, 11, 245 _sqq._
Royal letters designed by Geoffroy Tory for Robert Estienne, 89, 240
_Rudimenta Novitiorum_, initials from Lübeck edition of, 146 _sq._
Saccon, Jacques, initials in _Catalogus Sanctorum_ of, 78, 214 _sqq._
---- ---- different initials in works printed by, 80, 201, 205, 209,
222
Salamanca, initials used at, 258
Saluzzo, initials in _Aureum Opus_ of Vivaldus printed by Le Signerre
at, 68, 189
Sarum missal, initials from Pynson’s edition of, 108_b_, 277
Saxo Grammaticus, armorial initials from History of Denmark by, 85,
230
Schabeler, Hans, initials used by, at Lyons, 197
Schäufelein, Hans, initials by, 49
Scheffer, Peter, association of, with Fust, 6
---- ---- initials used by, 107, 112, 273
Schiedam, initial used by unknown printer of, 102, 261
Schlestadt, initials of Pilgrim, from book printed by Lazarus Schurer
at, 106
Scinzenzeller, Ulr., initials used by, 192
Schönsperger, Johann, initials from works printed by, 16, 116
Schott, initials in works printed by, 45, 157
Sessa, different initials met with in impressions by, 59, 181
---- initials from Aristotle printed by, 62, 178
Seville, initials from books printed by Jacob Cromberger at, 98
---- initials from book printed by Juan de Varila at, 98, 253
Sienna, initials in books published at, 65-66, 185
Silber, Eucharius, ornamental letter from book published, 65, 185
Sorg, Anton, historiated initials from _Das Buch das heisset der
Seusse_ of Suso, 18, 120
---- ---- initials from works printed by, 16-17, 115, 120
Spanish initials, 253 _sqq._
_Speculum Humanæ Salvationis_, a transition from xylography to
printing, 4
Spires, initials used at, 263
Stamps used for applying initials by early copyists, 4
_Statuta Synodalia_, alphabet used in the Troyes edition of, 73, 243
Stella, copies of the Alphabet of Death used by Adrian Anverez at, 99,
257
Steyner, Heinrich, initials in works published by, 20, 124 _sq._
Strasburg, initials used at, 154 _sqq._
_Summa Confessorum_, initials of the, 15-16, 113
Suso, Henricus, initials from _Das Buch das heisset der Seusse_, 120
Sweynheim and Pannartz, initial from the Suetonius of, 65, 185
_Theoricae Novae_, initial from, 25
Tibullus quoted, 1
Topie, Michel, initial from _Mer des Hystoires_ of, 75, 198
Tory, Geoffroy, initials from missal attributed to, 88, 235 _sq._
---- ---- royal letters attributed to, 240
Toulouse, initial used at, 252
Trepperel, Jean, grotesque initials in books published by, 83, 227
Trepperel, initials from _Jardin de Santé_ of, 86, 231
Tridino, Tacuinus de, initials in works published by, 60, 174
Troyes, initials used at, 242 _sqq._
Ulm, initial with border from Donatus printed at, 12, 111
---- initials from other works printed at, 126 _sqq._
_Valerius Maximus_ of Sorg, initials from, 17
Varila, Juan de, initial used by, 253
Vascosan, Michael, initials by, 239
Venice, initials from works published at, 55, 171 _sqq._
Vérard, Antoine, calligraphic initial from the _Jardin de Santé_ of,
82, 226
Verona, ornamental letter from book printed at, 70, 189
Vesalius, initials of Van Calcar in Anatomy of, 37, 144 _sq._
Vicenza, example of typographic eccentricities in work printed at, 71,
189
Vienna, initials from _Missale Pataviense_ printed by J. Winterberger
of, 106, 271
Virgil, the Vatican copy described by M. Pierre de Nolhac, 2
_Vita di Sancti Padri_, initials from the, of Otino da Pavia de la
Luna, 62, 179 _sq._
Vitali, Bernardino, alphabet by, used in publications by Sessa, 60
_Vitruvius_, initials from Como edition of, 187
Walther, H., initials from Madgeburg Bible printed by, 107, 273
Weiditz, Hans, initials attributed to, by Dr. H. Röttinger, 20, 52,
124 _sq._
Winterberger, of Vienna, initials used by, 271
Wittemberg, apocalyptic initials from the _Missale Evangeliare_
printed at, 105, 270
Wohlgemuth, M., his new technical methods, 20
Worde, Wynkyn de, initial used by, 277
Worms, Anton von, children’s alphabets designed by, 53
Zainer, Günther, first used woodcut initials at Augsburg, 15
---- ---- examples of his letters, 113 _sq._, 118 _sq._
---- Johann, of Ulm, initials in Boccaccio of, 22, 126
Zamora, initials from _Compilacion de Leyes_ printed at, 96, 255
Zarotus, Antonius, initials used by, at Milan, 193
Zodiac, initials representing the signs of the, 87
Zurich, initials in books published by Froschouer of, 38, 145
FINIS
[Illustration: EDINBURGH: T. AND A. CONSTABLE
PRINTERS TO HIS MAJESTY: MCMVIII]
Transcriber’s Notes
The spelling, capitalisation and hyphenation of the source document
have been retained (including those of proper names and book titles),
except as listed under Changes made below.
Depending on the hard- and software used to read this text, not all
elements may display as intended.
The book appears to contain several contradictions between the
descriptions given and the illustrations. These have been retained as
printed in the source document without further correction or comment.
Page 61, “At Turin ... we find that the L with the satyr,”: as printed
in the source document; the sentence appears to be incomplete, or “we
find that the L ...” might have to be corrected to “we find the L...”.
Page 238, “Original size” and “Enlargement”: Based on a quarto book
size of around 29 cm, the “Original size” would be around 4.1 × 4.1
cm (1.6″ × 1.6″).
Changes made
Some obvious minor typographical and punctuation errors have been
corrected silently.
Footnotes have been moved to under text paragraphs.
Page 39: “LUBECK” changed to “LÜBECK”.
Page 92: “Psalterum of Harentals” changed to “Psalterium of
Harentals”.
Page 99: “(B Abraham)” changed to “B (Abraham)”.
Page 137: “LUTZELBERGER” changed to “LÜTZELBERGER”.
Page 142: captions “FROM THE GREEK LEXICON OF RENÉ GELLI” and “FROM
THE ‘GALEN’ OF BEBELIUS AND CRATANDER” interchanged.
Page 252: “BEZANÇON” changed to “BESANÇON”.
Page 282: “Zamara” changed to “Zamora”.
Page 284: “Leo the Isaurian burns the public” changed to “Leo the
Isaurian burns the public library”.
Index: some page numbers corrected or inserted to conform to the text.