SOLDIERS' STORIES OF NEUVE CHAPELLE.
As soon as the wounded men from Neuve Chapelle arrived in Great Britain,
budgets of personal experiences began to appear in the newspapers. All
the men dwelt upon the terrible effects of our artillery and the
splendid spirit shown by our troops, not only while under fire, but when
stricken down. Private Selwood of the Rifle Brigade said: "Men who
fought at Mons have told me that Mons was only a tea-fight compared with
Neuve Chapelle. In the half-hour's bombardment that began the day some
say 400 guns were used; others, 525. The noise was terrific. Our boys
went on cheerful enough, singing 'Tipperary' and anything. When we got
to the dug-outs we found dozens of Germans, all dead. It was a surprise
attack. They did not know it was coming off. At the third line of
trenches I was hit in the leg by a bullet. I crawled back about five
hundred yards, because there was too much work for the stretcher-bearers.
They worked heroically, taking the most serious cases first."
* * * * *
A private of the 4th Black Watch thus describes a Highland charge: "We
witnessed a magnificent charge of the first battalion of a famous
Scottish regiment. Artillery fire ceased suddenly, and before the enemy
could be reorganized the 'kilties' were over our trenches and dashing at
them with fixed bayonets. It might have been a parade advance, so
perfectly did each section of the line move forward. Th The first lot
sprang up and over the German trenches, followed almost immediately by
the rest, and in a very few minutes the trench was ours. Just before
dusk I laughed for the first time that day. And no wonder! for at one
point on that gory battlefield stood a notice-board inscribed with one
word, 'Danger!'"
* * * * *
"Eye-Witness" tells us how our men behaved while they were watching the
artillery bombarding the enemy's trenches and waiting for the word to
advance. "They could see our shells bursting in the thick veil of smoke
and dust that hung over the German trenches, and as the minutes wore on
our artillery fire grew hotter and hotter, and the time grew nearer for
them to rush forward. Their excitement rose to fever pitch. In some
places they were seen to jump up on the parapets, brandishing their
rifles towards the Germans, and shouting remarks which were drowned in
the roar of the guns. When the rush was actually made our losses were
trifling. It was only in the subsequent advance that heavy casualties
occurred."
* * * * *
It is noteworthy that the enemy's wounded had to thank our men for many
acts of kindness, even in the excitement of the assault. One of our
soldiers, finding a wounded Prussian officer who had had his arm blown
off by a shell, carried him to a place of safety under heavy fire. In
one cellar a portly German was found dancing about in an agony of fear,
screaming in a high-pitched voice in English, "Mercy! mercy! I am
married!" "Your missus won't thank us for sending you home," replied one
of our men, who took him prisoner, and his life was spared. A Rifle
Brigade lieutenant, falling over a sandbag into a German trench, came
upon two officers, hardly more than boys, holding their hands above
their heads. Their faces were ashen gray, and they were trembling. One
said gravely in good English, "Don't shoot! I am from London also." They
too were spared.
* * * * *
During the counter-attacks of the Germans from the Biez wood their
losses were very heavy. Line after line went down before our rifles. One
of our Sepoys said that shooting the enemy was like cutting grain. Some
of the German officers displayed the most reckless courage in leading
the attacks. On more than one occasion they invited certain death by
riding forward on horseback to within a few hundred yards of our line.
None of those who so exposed themselves escaped. One German officer in
charge of a machine gun kept his gun in action throughout the terrible
bombardment, and then, when our men charged down upon him, awaited
death, calmly standing on the parapet of the trench and emptying his
revolver at them.
* * * * *
The Indians were greatly pleased at the result of the action, and
constantly asked their officers when they were going to have another
fight. Many stories are told of their prowess. One Gurkha made his way
into a house, and single-handed captured five Germans, whom he marched
off at the point of his kukri. It was curious to see the Indians
returning with articles of German equipment. When they held them up for
inspection they called out, "_Souvenir! souvenir[29]!_"
[Illustration: Bengal Lancers returning from "Port Arthur" after the
capture of Neuve Chapelle.
(_From the picture by F. Matania. By permission of The Sphere._)
Notice the "souvenirs" which they are carrying on their lances.]
Canadian infantry were not specially engaged in the fighting at Neuve
Chapelle, but the Canadian artillery played an active part in the
bombardment which preceded the British advance, and the infantry were
ready during the battle to go forward at a moment's notice. A Winnipeg
"boy" wrote home as follows: "At 5.30 on the morning of Wednesday (the
first day of the Neuve Chapelle attack) our officer told us to hurry
over our breakfast, as a heavy fire was to be opened by our side, and
the enemy, in replying, would probably drop a few rounds in our
vicinity. We had just started to line up in the road outside when
'whop!' came a shell, which burst a few yards ahead. 'Double for the
trenches!' was the order, and away we went. The trenches were only about
one hundred and fifty yards away, yet the Germans had our position to a
foot, and sixteen rounds of shrapnel burst literally in our midst. Had
they burst overhead, as they should have done, it's a very fair bet that
nearly every man of us would have 'gone west;' but only one man was hit,
a fellow a short distance back of me. . . . We had to stay in the
trenches until evening that day, and all next day."
* * * * *
A wounded German officer said that the suddenness of our bombardment was
"like the burst of a great storm, instantly filling all the space with
countless crashes of thunder, flame, smoke, and lead. Six of your great
black howitzer shells," said he, "fell within fifty yards of a trench on
my right, and so completely was our trench blown asunder that when the
earth fell back it buried hundreds with it. When the storm abated I
crawled out, only to be bayoneted in the shoulder by, as I learned, a
Territorial, and while I was lying there thousands of British pursuing
our retreating battalion passed by me. But I lifted my sound arm, and
they spared me--why, I do not know. It seemed to take hours for the
British soldiers to pass me, and then I saw groups of my own regiment,
unguarded and without guns, many slightly wounded, walking back to the
British base. Such faces I did not think could be worn by human beings;
they were orange with lyddite smoke. The men were palsied with what they
had been through, and were too dazed to answer my call."
* * * * *
The part played by the 2nd Battalion Lincolnshire Regiment and the Irish
Rifles in the advance towards the line of the little river is thus
described:--
"Two companies of the Lincolns rushed the enemy's trenches under a
pretty hot fire. Grenades were thrown at the enemy, and they ran out of
their trench to the rear. There, however, Captain Peake's company threw
grenades to cut off their line of retreat, and they ran back to their
trench and surrendered. Captain Peake, who had advanced down the trench
holding his blue flag up in the air, offered a conspicuous target to the
enemy, and was shot. Meanwhile two other companies had followed through
the gap caused by the charge; the enemy seemed in full retreat, and our
men were very elated.
"Many who were hit continued to advance. Lance-Corporal Perry was hit
rather badly in the foot three times, and, though told to take cover and
lie down, persisted in going on and rallying his men. The reinforced
line continued to advance until they reached a broad strip of water
running right across their front, from four feet to five feet deep, and
quite impassable. After a while a plank was found sufficiently long to
bridge the water, and the men crossed to form a firing line on the other
side. The heavy guns were shelling the Germans about one hundred and
fifty yards in front, and on the Lincolns opening fire they retired.
"A few minutes after the Lincolns had recrossed the water to a slight
rise behind it the Irish Rifles went through, and were given a lusty
cheer. Lieutenant Graham was rallying his men with a French newsboy's
horn, giving a 'View hullo' like a Master of Hounds collecting his pack.
One company of the Lincolns crossed the water for the third time and
assisted the Irish Rifles in making a trench. Afterwards they returned
to entrench themselves behind the water."
* * * * *
A young officer who fought in the battle wrote home as follows: "My
word, mother, yesterday we commenced a most almighty attack on the
unsuspecting enemy. It had all been planned and organized for some time,
and I should think it has been the finest show on record. Whether we had
the advantage in the number of men I cannot say, but we certainly had in
guns. You never heard such a din in all your life. All the farmhouses
vibrated all day long, and during the first half-hour there were some
17,000 shells screaming towards the Bosches. Our lads who were wounded
came down the road in batches of twos and threes to the dressing
stations. They were very cheerful. They simply laughed and cracked jokes
amongst themselves. They are a wonderful lot of Tommies. They were all
so jolly brave, and keen, and determined."
* * * * *
A private of the Berkshire Regiment thus related his experiences: "We
lost fairly heavily in the big fight at Neuve Chapelle, but the loss we
inflicted on the Germans must have been frightful. They were lying all
over the place. There was great rejoicing when we found that our
regiment had been selected for the post of honour with the Lincolns
forming the first line of the frontal attack. . . . Our boys were out
like one man, and charged across to their first trench. We took that in
less than five minutes, and, leaving a few men to secure the prisoners,
swept on to the next. Men were falling on every side, as their machine
guns and artillery were playing on us from beyond the village, and some
of the sights were terrible. It seemed as though the air was full of
shrapnel and bullets; but our boys were magnificent. Not one man
wavered, even for a second, and nothing could have stopped that charge.
The second trench was soon cleared out, and our bomb throwers--we call
them 'Tickler's Artillery'[30]--did terrible execution. On we went for
the third line. This was a bit more difficult, as there were a thick
hedge and some barbed wire. But the boys would not be stopped, and in a
very short time the third line was ours. The Rifles now came on to take
the village, and they gave us a cheer and a shout of 'Well done, Berks!'
as they passed through. We gave them an answering call as they charged
and captured the village."
* * * * *
I will conclude this chapter with a brief account of the ten heroes who
were awarded Victoria Crosses for splendid deeds of valour at Neuve
Chapelle.
Private William Buckingham, 2nd Battalion, the Leicestershire Regiment.
You will remember that at Neuve Chapelle the 2nd Leicesters were
attached to the Garhwal Brigade, and that when a Garhwali battalion was
cut off a bombing party of the Leicesters brought them timely and
effective assistance. No regiment played a finer part in the battle than
the Leicesters. The Victoria Cross was awarded to Private Buckingham for
his bravery and devotion to duty in rescuing wounded men and in
rendering first aid to the fallen while exposed to heavy fire on several
occasions, notably on the 10th and 12th of March.
Rifleman Gobar Sing Negi, 2nd Battalion, 39th Garhwal Rifles.
Gobar Sing Negi was the third Indian to win the Victoria Cross. During
our attack on the German positions he was one of a bayonet party which
entered a main trench. Pushing on in advance of his fellows, the gallant
Indian bombed the enemy from traverse to traverse, and at last forced
them to surrender. Unhappily, he did not live to wear the coveted
honour, but fell in a later stage of the engagement.
Corporal William Anderson, 2nd Battalion, Alexandra Princess of Wales's
Own (Yorkshire) Regiment.
On 12th March, at Neuve Chapelle, Corporal Anderson led three men armed
with bombs against a large party of the enemy, then in possession of one
of our trenches. After he had thrown his own bombs he found that his
three comrades had been shot down, and that he was alone amongst the
Germans. Nothing dismayed, he took the bombs of the three wounded men,
hurled them against the foe, then opened rapid fire upon them, and by
his prompt and determined action kept back the Germans until his
comrades arrived and drove them from the trench.
Private E. Barber, 1st Battalion, Grenadier Guards.
During the fighting round Pietre Mill on 12th March Private Barber, who
was one of a grenade company, ran ahead of his fellows and threw bombs
on the enemy with such effect that a large number of them at once
surrendered. When his comrades reached him, they found him quite alone
and unsupported, with Germans holding up their hands all around him.
Company Sergeant-Major Harry Daniels and Acting Corporal Cecil Reginald
Noble, both of the 2nd Battalion, Rifle Brigade (Prince Consort's Own).
On 12th March the 2nd Battalion of the Rifle Brigade was held up by
entanglements near Pietre Mill, and was subjected to a heavy machine-gun
fire. Sergeant-Major Daniels volunteered to go forward and cut the wire.
"Come along," he called to his chum, Corporal Noble, and without a
moment's hesitation the two men rushed across the forty yards that
separated them from the obstacle. Lying on their backs, they cut the
lower wire, and thus opened a gap for their comrades to proceed. A
bullet struck Daniels in the thigh, and a few minutes later he heard a
gasp, and called out, "What's up?" Noble replied, "I am hit in the
chest, old man," and became unconscious. Shortly afterwards he died.
Daniels dragged himself to a shell hole, where he remained until dusk,
and then painfully made his way back to his own lines. When interviewed
in a London hospital, he had little to say about his own exploit, but
was full of admiration for the gallantry of his dead friend. "Noble and
I," he said, "had done everything together since we went out in
November. I trusted him, and he trusted me. It was hot work, but the
worst moment was when I heard my poor chum call out that he was hit in
the chest. I am more glad about Noble's V.C. than I am about my own."
The exploit of these two brave men recalls that of the famous Swiss
patriot Arnold von Winkelried at the Battle of Sempach, 1386. An
unbroken line of Austrian lances barred the way of the Swiss; whereupon
Winkelried determined to sacrifice himself in order that his comrades
might break through.
"'Make way for Liberty!' he cried;
Then ran with arms extended wide,
As if his dearest friend to clasp.
Ten spears he swept within his grasp.
'Make way for Liberty!' he cried.
Their keen points crossed from side to side.
He bowed amongst them like a tree,
And thus made way for Liberty."
Captain Charles Calveley Foss, D.S.O., 2nd Battalion, Bedford Regiment.
At Neuve Chapelle Captain Foss turned failure into victory. The enemy
had captured part of our trenches, and our counter-attack, which was
made with one officer and twenty men, failed, all but two of the party
being killed or wounded. Seeing this, Captain Foss with eight men dashed
forward through a fierce fire, and began pelting the enemy with bombs.
So successful was his attack that he recaptured the position, and with
it no less than fifty-two Germans. No words of mine are needed to extol
the splendid bravery of Captain Foss and his gallant little company.
Nine Britons retook a trench from more than fifty Germans!
Lance-Corporal W. D. Fuller, 1st Battalion, Grenadier Guards.
Observing a party of the enemy trying to escape along a communication
trench, Corporal Fuller ran towards them, flinging bombs. The foremost
man was killed, and the remainder, finding no means of escape, held up
their hands and begged for mercy. All alone, Corporal Fuller received
the surrender of fifty Germans! Prior to the war he was a miner of
Mansfield. During a spell of leave in July 1915 he did excellent work as
a recruiter. While he was telling the men of Fishguard, in
Pembrokeshire, that if they were not fit to die they were not fit to
live, some one in the crowd challenged him to enter the cage of two
African lions then on exhibition in the town. At once Fuller threw his
cap into the den, and then followed it. You can imagine the excitement
of the townsfolk as he calmly stood by the lions and stroked their
manes. As a result of this incident many men enlisted.
Lieutenant Cyril Gordon Martin, D.S.O., 56th Field Company, Royal
Engineers.
On 12th March, when in command of a bomb-throwing party of six men,
Lieutenant Martin, a young officer of twenty-four years of age, was
wounded, but nevertheless led his comrades into an enemy's trench and
held off all attempts to recover it for nearly two and a half hours. He
had already distinguished himself, and had won the D.S.O. during the
retreat from Mons by gallantly capturing and holding a German trench
with a platoon of engineers. He was twice wounded on that occasion, and
was invalided home. He had only been back at the front a few days when
he won the V.C. for the exploit described above.
[Illustration: Lieutenant Cyril Martin and his grenade-throwing party in
the enemy's trenches.
(_By permission of The Illustrated London News._)
In this drawing Lieutenant Martin is shown seated on the right,
wounded.]
Private Jacob Rivers, 1st Battalion, Nottinghamshire and Derbyshire
Regiment (Sherwood Foresters).
Private Rivers was another of the bombers who won the highest award of
valour during the first day of the great battle at Neuve Chapelle.
Noticing that a large number of Germans were outflanking an advanced
company of his regiment, he dashed forward, without waiting for orders,
and flung bombs amongst the enemy with such effect that they were forced
to retire. His prompt bravery undoubtedly saved the advanced company
from disaster. Later in the day he performed a similar feat, but while
engaged in this heroic work was shot through the heart. He was a native
of Derby, and was thirty-four years of age. When the war broke out he
had completed twelve years of service with the Royal Scots; but he
immediately enlisted in the Sherwood Foresters, and, being an
experienced soldier, was sent to France with one of the earliest drafts.
He had a brother in the Grenadier Guards, and three brothers-in-law were
serving in his own regiment. The cross of bronze which he did not live
to wear was sent as a sad but proud memorial to his widowed mother.
[Illustration: The "Prince George" Motor Ambulance at Buckingham Palace.
On January 26, 1916, Prince George travelled from Sandringham to
Buckingham Palace, for the purpose of receiving our motor ambulance and
handing it over to the Belgian Field Hospital. His Royal Highness spent
a full half-hour in examining the motor ambulance and the hand ambulance
which accompanied it, and was highly pleased with all that he saw. Our
readers will remember this occasion, as it was Prince George's first
public function. On the left of the Prince is his tutor, Mr. Hansell,
M.A. The total cost of the motor ambulance, the hand ambulance, and a
supply of "spares" amounted to £456. We are deeply indebted to Her
Majesty the Queen for permission to reproduce this photograph, which is
not to appear in any other book or periodical.]
[Footnote 29: The French word for a keepsake.]
[Footnote 30: Some of the earliest hand grenades used by our men were
made of jam pots which came from the factory of Messrs. Tickler; hence
the nickname.]