222. In the construction of targets for _Ordnance Instructions for the United States Navy. 1866. Fourth edition.

object will be to give buoyancy and stability to the screen, with

sufficient development of its surface. To these ends, whiskey or beef

barrels, supporting boards of sufficient length, will afford staging

for the masts, yards, and screen; the heel of the mast passing through

the stage, and having ballast attached to it. The stage should be so

fitted as to be readily put together when wanted, and taken apart for

stowage.

Harbor targets may be anchored, or supported on stakes; but it would

conduce to good practice to stretch a screen of sufficient length to

show, distinctly, four or six ports, with the proper intervals

between. This will the better exhibit the lateral effect of the firing

of each gun, and of the concentration of fire from several guns at

known distances.

PACKING-BOXES.

223. Cartridges for small arms, primers, spur-tubes, percussion-caps,

spare fuzes, false-fires, blue-lights, port-fires, and signal-rockets,

will generally be supplied to vessels in boxes, in which they can be

kept with little liability to injury, until wanted for use. (See Part

I., Page 10, Art. 42.)

These boxes are to be safely kept and returned into store, or

accounted for in the same manner as other articles of Ordnance stores,

by those persons in whose charge they may be placed. They will be held

pecuniarily responsible for their loss.

GUN-SLINGS

224. Must be made of chain of 3/4-inch iron, and tested, to secure

proper strength; the rings are to be of 1-1/4-inch iron. The length of

the slings should exceed by one foot that of the longest gun on board.

The two parts should be parcelled and marled together for a space of

two feet before and one foot behind the trunnions of the longest gun,

and a piece of three-inch rope spliced around both parts in the wake

of the parcelling, long enough to take four or five turns round the

chase of the largest gun.

TRUNNION-SIGHT FOR MORTARS AND PIVOT-GUNS.

225. The trunnion-sight is designed to be used only when the required

elevation passes the limits of the other sights. It is formed of a bar

of mahogany, or other hard wood not liable to warp, of about forty

inches in length, two inches wide, and one inch thick, with a brass

notch at the rear end and a point at the other, fixed in, and parallel

to, the upper edge. It is attached, by a stout thumb-screw, to the

axis of the left trunnion, around which it revolves when the screw is

slack.

A semicircular plate, graduated to degrees, is attached to the bar, so

that the sight may be used with the tables showing the corresponding

ranges of the several classes of guns with their distant

firing-charge. (_See_ TABLES OF RANGES, Appendix D.)

The upper edge of the sight-bar corresponds with 0 deg. when the line of

sight is parallel to the axis of the bore. A small level let into the

upper surface of the rear end of the bar shows when the bar is level.

In using this sight, the thumb-screw is first loosened, and the rear

end of the sight raised until the mark on the trunnion coincides with

the degree of elevation required for the range, as given in the

Tables: clamp the thumb-screw, and elevate the gun until the bubble is

at 0 deg., then give the lateral training.

226. Tangent-sights placed on the side of the breech, with a fixed

front sight on the rimbase, as in rifled cannon, will hereafter be

supplied to all pivot-guns; and these will give the sight with equal

accuracy at all elevations.

RAMMERS AND SPONGES.

227. Rammer-heads are to be made of well-seasoned ash, birch, beech,

or other tough wood, of the form and dimensions given in the drawings

furnished by the Bureau to the different Navy Yards. The face of the

rammer is hollowed, so as to embrace the front of the ball and press

the selvagee wad home in its place. A hole is bored lengthwise through

the head to admit the tenon, which is fastened by a pin of hard wood,

three-tenths of an inch in diameter, passing transversely through the

head and tenon. The diameter of the staff is 1.75, and that of the

tenon 1.5 inch. The diameter of the rammer-head will be 0.25 inch less

than that of the bore or chamber to which it is adapted.

For all chambered guns except those of the Dahlgren pattern, the

rammers will be adapted to the chamber, but, as above described, will

answer equally well for the shot and selvagee wad.

Staves are made of tough ash, and are one foot longer than the bores

of the guns for which they are intended: they are to have grooves 1/16

of an inch deep and 1/4 of an inch broad cut in them to show when the

"ordinary charges" are in place, and, by due allowances, the others

also.

For rifled cannon, rammer-heads are made of composition, of the

pattern prescribed by the Bureau.

228. Sponge-heads are to be made of poplar, or other suitable light

wood. A hole 1.5 inch in diameter is bored through the axis to admit

the tenon of the staff, into which the worm is previously secured by

means of a brass pin which passes through an eye in its shank and the

tenon. The worm is intended to project half an inch beyond the face of

the sponge-head, when the tenon is in place, and to have free play

back into its socket when pressed against the bottom of the bore. It

must be two inches in length and one and a quarter inch in diameter,

made of elastic brass or composition wire two-tenths of an inch in

diameter, and tapering at the points, so as to preserve its elasticity

and firmness. It is to be left-handed, in order to act when turned to

the right, or with the sun.

The wood of which sponge-heads are made should be well seasoned, and

gotten out of a size but little greater than the diameter of the heads

for which it is intended, so that there may be as little shrinkage as

possible in the finished heads.

The heads, when finished, should also be primed with several coats of

boiled linseed oil or varnish, as the porous wood of which they are

made is apt to become water-soaked, or to split on exposure to the

air.

229. For chambered guns the sponges must fit the chambers and slopes,

and a portion of the main bore, as shown in the drawings furnished by

the Bureau. When made of wool, the whole surface is covered, and so

sheared as to have no windage, and to be even with the points of the

worm, that they make take effect. The heads for woollen sponges should

be one inch less in diameter than the bores or chambers of the guns

for which they are intended.

In future, sheepskins will not be allowed, but covers for sponge-heads

made up ready to slip over the head and be tacked on.

230. The heads for the sponges of unchambered guns are to be eight

inches long; and all sponge-heads intended to be covered with woollen

material must be slightly tapered and secured by a thin copper hoop,

fastened with copper tacks, on the inner end.

231. For Bristle Sponges the heads must be 1.5 inch less in diameter

than the bores or chambers for which they are designed. The bristles

are to be sheared so as to work easily and leave no windage. The worm

must project one-fourth of an inch, in order to take the bottom of the

bore, and special care is to be taken by the Inspector that it has

both the necessary stiffness to act efficiently and elastically

enough, when pressed home, to yield sufficiently to allow the bristles

to act also. Spiral spaces extending the whole length of the

sponge-head, including the portion adapted to the main bore in

chambered guns, are to be left, in order to bring out the unconsumed

portions of cartridges. These spaces must be left-handed like the

worm.

Great care is necessary, in stowing them, to prevent the bristles from

being crushed down by contact with hard substances. For this purpose

fenders will be provided with copper tacks, on the inner end.

One will be allowed to each division, for each calibre, for cleaning

guns.

232. Sponge-staves are to be made of tough ash, 1.75 inch in diameter,

and must be 18 inches longer than the bores of the guns for which they

are intended.

233. Sponge-caps are made of duck, and, except for spar-deck guns

where they are exposed to the weather, should not be painted, but

they, as well as the staves, should be kept clean by scrubbing. A

becket should be attached to the end to haul them off by.

Sponges should be washed carefully and dried after use before putting

the caps on, and frequently examined and dried to prevent their

rotting.

ROBINSON'S WORM.

234. This worm consists of a screw, 1-1/4 inch in diameter, of two

turns, at the end of a cylindrical iron shank, with a socket and

straps riveted to the staff, which is 1.5 inch in diameter. The worm

is supported in the axis of the bore by means of a guide-ring of

composition, kept in place on the shank, six inches from the end, by a

shoulder and forelock.

Thus adjusted, it is used to draw the junk-wad and cartridge; the

latter being laid hold of by the tie, if the staff be held in the axis

of the bore, is uninjured.

When the ring is removed the worm will be equally efficient in drawing

the selvagee wad.

LADLES.

235. Ladles, when required, are to be made according to the patterns

sent to each of the Navy Yards. Ladles which may be on hand are to be

tried in drawing projectiles from the guns before they are issued for

service. The Ladle will not draw rifle projectiles, and should not be

used for that purpose.

SCRAPERS FOR BOTTOM OF BORE.

236. These consist of two steel blades, crossing each other in the

middle, and having their edges conformed to the curve of the bottom of

the bore. They are inserted in a sponge-bead, and are designed to

remove the cake usually caused by the adherence of the bottoms of the

cylinders to the bottom of the bore.

The edges of the scrapers are so bevelled as to act only when turned

to the right, or with the sun.

Scrapers are also to be supplied for rifled cannon, made to clean a

groove and the adjacent lands.

ORDINARY HANDSPIKES.

237. Handspikes are to be made of well-seasoned white hickory, of the

form and dimensions directed by the Bureau. They are always to be

shod, stained black, and oiled. The Ordnance Officer of the Navy Yard

will ascertain that they ship freely in the training-loops or sockets,

and that the toe is sufficiently rounded not to cut the decks when

held vertically.

DETAILS OF HANDSPIKES. | No. 1. | No. 2. | No. 3.

----------------------------------+--------+--------+--------

{ Total in. | 64. | 60. |

{ Square part in. | 20. | 20. |

Length { Octagon part in. | 6. | 6. |

{ Round part in. | 38. | 34. |

{ Shoe in. | 18. | 18. |

Diameter { of square in. | 2.75 | 2.50 |

{ of small end in. | 1.75 | 1.6 |

Radius of quarter round in. | 4.5 | 3.5 |

Weight lbs. | 16. | 12. |

----------------------------------+--------+--------+--------

ROLLER HANDSPIKES.

238. There are two sizes of roller handspikes: No. 1 for the IX-in.

shell-gun and 100-pdr. Marsilly, or two-truck carriage; No. 2 for all

other guns.

They are composed of--the head and socket of bronze, handle of

hickory, and the roller of lignum-vitae.

The boss on the head makes, with the handle, an angle of 70 deg., and,

when vertical, lifts the carriage half an inch (0.5).

Commander Beaumont's roller handspike has been adopted.

It is a common error of seamen to stoop, with a view of raising the

carriage higher. The lift is greatest when the end of the handle is at

the hip.

DETAILS OF ROLLER HANDSPIKES. | No. 1. | No. 2.

------------------------------------------------+---------+--------

{ Extreme in. | 70.5 | 66.

{ of handle in. | 63.0 | 62.5

Length { of socket in. | 12. | 7.5

{ of boss in. | 1.6 | 1.3

{ of boss from centre of roller in. | 4.5 | 3.6

{ of axle-pin in. | 9.5 | 7.5

{ of roller in. | 4.5 | 3.4

{ of socket in. | 2.9 | 2.5

Diameter { of hole in socket in. | 2.6 | 2.25

{ Small end of handle in. | 1.5 | 1.50

{ of hole for axle-pin in. | .75 | .62

Width { of roller in. | 3.60 | 3.00

{ Exterior of head in. | 9.00 | 7.00

Weight lbs. | 32. | 19.5

------------------------------------------------+---------+--------

IMPRESSION-TAKERS.

239. All vessels carrying XI and IX inch guns, and all iron rifles,

are to be furnished with an impression-taker and wax. Impressions of

the vent and bore, as described in Art. 57, are to be taken after

every ten shotted rounds in practice, and at the close of an action.

The last one should be preserved for comparison with the succeeding

one; and when, in the opinion of the Commanding Officer, the wear

becomes excessive, or a decided crack shows itself, a duplicate must

be forwarded to the Bureau for examination. In forwarding them, they

should be tacked on a piece of thin board secured in the bottom of a

box. If wrapped in cotton or oakum they are generally defaced. The

date, number of fires, Register Nos. of guns, ship from which

forwarded, and other remarks written and pasted on the under side of

the box-cover.

In expert hands any small spar--such as a boat's mast--will take the

impression equally well.

PASSING-BOXES.

240. Passing-boxes are to be made of strong and well-tanned harness or

sole leather, strongly sewed, or of such other material as may be

directed.

For 8-inch and 32-pounder guns they are to be of sufficient height to

contain two near-firing charges.

Their diameters, in the clear, must be half an inch greater than those

of the cartridges they are to contain.

Their tops must be distinctly lettered, in letters one inch and a half

long, with the calibre and class of gun they are intended to serve,

and made to slide on the beckets.

241. All passing-boxes are to be painted black, with the calibre and

charge painted in white letters two and one-half (2-1/2) inches long

on the side, and one and one-half (1-1/2) on the top.

242. If, however, there are any guns of the same calibre on spar-decks

requiring lighter charges, the lower half of the box shall be painted

white.

For gun-decks in similar cases the lower half shall be painted red.

FIRE-TUBS.

243. Fire-tubs should be made of oak, of the patterns furnished by the

Bureau, the hoops being of iron. The top is to be provided with a

stout hoop of wood, to ship and unship, with a grating across it of

stout copper wire, the meshes of which must be small enough to prevent

the passing-boxes from falling into the water when struck over the

tub.

FIRE-BUCKETS.

244. Fire-buckets should be made of light well-tanned sole leather,

according to pattern.

A few Rubber buckets have been issued for trial and report.

THE GROMMET MUZZLE-LASHING FOR HOUSING GUNS.

245. Consists of a grommet made of rope double the size of the

gun-tackle falls, with two cringles worked into it for the frapping

lashing, which will be of stuff half the size of the tackle-falls.

The grommet will be made large enough just to slip over the swell of

the muzzle when the bight is over the housing hook-bolt, and the gun

is in position for housing. It will be wormed throughout, and

parcelled in the wake of the housing-bolt and frapping lashing, and

where there is no swell, in the wake of the muzzle-ring.

Where the housing-bolt is an eye-bolt, the grommet is secured to it by

means of a toggle which has a lanyard.

FUZE-WRENCHES.

246. For the Navy time-fuze these are made of steel, with a round

shank, four inches long, four-tenths of an inch diameter. Prongs

round, one and a half inch long, three-tenths of an inch diameter.

Cross-handle of wood, with small forked screw-driver in one end for

water-cap. The prongs of the wrench are flattened at the ends, and are

nine-tenths of an inch apart.

A three-armed wrench is also required for the Parrott, Schenkl, and

Hotchkiss fuzes, all of which differ.

Two to be allowed to each shell-room.

RIGGING STOPPERS.

247. Standing rigging, when stranded or shot away, is most readily and

effectually secured for the moment by using stoppers composed of two

small dead-eyes, fitted with double selvagee tails and lanyards, of

sizes suitable to the rigging, whether lower or topmast. These are to

be fitted on board ship, and set up by means of pendant-tackles or

jiggers, as the case may require.

HARNESS-CASKS FOR BOATS.

248. For expeditions, the launches and first cutters of all vessels

are each to be provided with a week's supply of pork, sufficient for

all the boats' crews of the ship, kept in quarter barrels or kegs,

adapted to the form of the boat and to convenient stowage.

ACCOUTREMENTS FOR CAPTAINS OF GUNS, BOARDERS, AND SMALL-ARMS MEN.

249. WAIST-BELTS, to be made of buff leather--grained leather becomes

stiff and horny when exposed to the sea-air--two inches wide, and from

forty to forty-four inches long; a pattern buckle has been adopted.

The same belt is used by Captains of guns and boarders, as well as by

small-arms men and the crews of field-howitzers; the frogs and boxes

to hold the arms and ammunition being fitted with loops to slip on and

off the belt as circumstances require, and in the following order:

1st and 2d Captains of guns, and of field and boat howitzers, wear the

primer-box in front; if they are boarders, the sword on the left and

the pistol-frog on the right hip. These equipments, consequently, will

be slid on towards the loop end of the belt, in the order just named.

Other boarders, and guns' crews of howitzers when used as field-guns,

wear their arms, as in the preceding case, without the primer-box.

Men armed with muskets, and acting on shore, will wear musket

cartridge-boxes, fitted with frog and scabbard for bayonet on the

waist-belt.

Men who may be armed with carbines on shore duty will wear

cartridge-boxes with waist-belts. For boat duty, or when armed with

pistols and swords, they will wear the waist-belt with the proper frog

and boxes.

250. Instead of the sword-frog, the sword scabbards of Admiral D.D.

Porter's pattern are fitted with a loop to slide on the waist-belt.

This scabbard also dispenses with the brass mountings, which are

replaced by leather ones. The whole is fastened by copper rivets,

instead of being sewed.

251. PRIMER-BOXES, of black bridle leather, rectangular in form, and

of the size to contain, loosely, the tin packing-box. Flap covering

the top and front with a button-hole strap one inch in width, sewed

near the bottom: brass button riveted to the bottom of the box. Loop,

two inches wide, placed upright on the back of the box for the

waist-belt to pass through.

252. PISTOL-FROG--buff leather--wide enough at the mouth to cover the

cock of the pistol, and at the lower part to accommodate the stock;

upper part of the back of it turned down to form a loop large enough

to admit the waist-belt. The stitches forming the side seams not to

come nearer than 0.25 inch from the edges of the leather. To be worn

on right hip.

Pocket--thin bridle leather--to contain three cartridges; flap,

tongue, and loop.

Cap-pocket, like the cartridge-pocket; lining, a strip of sheepskin

with the wool on, glued with fish-glue and sewed to the back at the

mouth of the pocket.

These two pockets are of the same depth, and occupy the whole breadth

of the pistol-frog.

253. THUMBSTALLS, of buckskin, with hair-stuffed pad, and thongs for

the wrist.

254. MUSKET CARTRIDGE-BOX--black bridle leather--length, 7.2 inches;

width, 1.6 inch; depth in front, 5.8 inches; inner cover--upper

leather--4 inches wide, with end pieces sewed to it so as to cover the

ends of the box; flap--harness leather--8.5 inches wide at the bottom,

8 inches at top, stamped U.S.N. in an oval on the outside; a

button-hole strap, sewed near the bottom; brass button riveted to the

bottom of the box; loop--bridle leather--with a hole in the middle to

hook the shoulder-belt to, sewed to the back of the box for the

waist-belt to pass through.

Cap-pocket--light upper leather--sewed to the front of the box;

length, 4-1/2; depth, 2-1/2 inches; flap, tongue, and loop--bridle

leather; lining, a strip of sheepskin with the wool on, 1.5 inch wide,

glued with fish-glue and sewed at the mouth of the pocket; pocket for

ball-screw and wiper sewed on the right, and for cone-key and

cone-pick on the left of the cap-pocket.

Two tin linings, each with a lower division, 3 inches by 3.3 inches,

open in front, to contain a bundle of ten cartridges, and two bundles

of caps containing 25 each, packed in water-proof paper. Each tin has

also two upper divisions, 2.7 inches deep--one of 2 inches by 1.35

inch for six cartridges; the other, 1.35 inch square, for four

cartridges. The edges of the tins are turned over and soldered down,

to prevent them from cutting the fingers.

All the tin linings should be made to slide freely in the boxes.

255. CARBINE CARTRIDGE-BOX.--The leather parts are like those of the

musket cartridge-box; length, 6.4 inches; depth in front, 3.7 inches;

width, 1.3 inch; inner cover, 3.5 inches wide; flap, 6.6 inches wide

at top, 6.8 at bottom, 6 deep. Tin linings; two lower divisions, 2

inches deep, 2.9 inches long, 1.2 wide; five upper divisions, 1.2 inch

wide by 1.15 inch long, and 1.5 inch deep, to contain forty

cartridges, those below in bundles of water-proof paper.

256. CONE-PICK of steel wire, No. 18, 1.5 inch long, with a

ring-handle 0.5 inch in diameter; it is carried, with the cone-key, in

the pocket in front of the musket cartridge-box.

257. BAYONET SCABBARD--black bridle leather--length, 19.3 inches.

Frog--buff leather--sewed to a socket of black leather, which is

fastened to the top of the scabbard; the loop of the frog to be made

wide enough to slide on the waist-belt.

MARKING SMALL ARMS.

258. It is directed that hereafter all small arms, when passed by the

Inspector, be stamped in the following manner:

MUSKETS, CARBINES, AND PISTOLS.

On the top of the barrel, near the breech, with an anchor; and, on the

lock-plate, the letter P over the initials of the Inspector, thus:

P./A.B.

REVOLVERS.

On the top of the barrel, near the cylinder, with an anchor; and, on

the face of the cylinder, the letter P over the initials of the

Inspector, as above.

CUTLASSES.

On the blade, immediately below the guard, with an anchor; and the

letter P over the initials of the Inspector, as above.

All arms in store or returned from ships will be stamped with the

anchor before being issued.

The Bureau will furnish to each Inspector two sizes of stamps.

MUSKETS, CARBINES, and CUTLASSES are to be marked with the larger,

.15-in., and PISTOLS and REVOLVERS with the smaller, 0.1-in., size of

stamps.

PRESERVATION OF SMALL ARMS.

259. The Captain will take care that the Small Arms are carefully

cleaned and wiped dry after every exercise or use of them, before they

are put away.

260. He will cause them to be frequently examined at other times, to

prevent their being clogged with oil or lacquer, and to be sure that

they are always ready for use.

He will strictly prohibit their being marked or otherwise defaced.

261. It is directed that the men who use them be taught to clean them

properly, and to remedy any slight defects or obstructions to their

use.

Chests not lined preserve them best, if there be no proper armory.

DIRECTIONS FOR CLEANING ARMS.

262. In taking apart and cleaning guns, there are required a

screw-driver, wiper, wire-tumbler punch, and a spring vice. No other

implements should be used in taking arms apart, or in setting them up.

263. DISMOUNTING AND CLEANING.--The rifle-musket should be dismounted

in the following order, viz.:

1st. Unfix the bayonet. 2d. Insert the tompion. 3d. Draw the ramrod.

4th. Turn out the tang-screw. 5th. Take off the lock; to do this, put

the hammer at half-cock, and partially unscrew the side screws; then,

with a slight tap on the head of each screw with a wooden instrument,

loosen the lock from its bed in the stock; turn out the side screws,

and remove the lock with the left hand. 6th. Remove the side screws

without disturbing the washers. 7th. Take off the bands in order,

commencing with the uppermost. 8th. Take out the barrel; in doing

this, turn the musket horizontally, with the barrel downward, holding

it loosely, with the left hand below the rear sight and the right hand

grasping the stock by the handle; tap the muzzle on the ground, if

necessary, to loosen the breech. If an attempt were made to pull the

barrel out by the muzzle, it would, in case it were wood-bound, be

liable to split at the head of the stock.

The foregoing parts of the rifle-musket are all that should usually be

taken off or dismounted.

The breech-screw should be taken out only by an armorer, and never in

ordinary cleaning. The mountings, cone and cone-seat screw, should not

be taken off, nor should the lock be taken apart, except by permission

of an officer.

264. TO CLEAN THE BARREL.--1st. Stop the vent with a peg of soft wood,

or piece of rag or soft leather pressed down by the hammer; pour a

gill of water, warm, if it can be had, into the muzzle; let it stand a

short time to soften the deposit of powder; put a plug of soft wood

into the muzzle and shake the water up and down the barrel; pour it

out and repeat the washing until the water comes out clear; remove the

peg from the cone and stand the barrel muzzle downward, to drain, for

a few moments.

2d. Screw the wiper on the end of the ramrod, and put a piece of dry

cloth or tow round it sufficient to prevent it from chafing the

grooves of the barrel; wipe the barrel dry, changing the cloth two or

three times.

3d. Do not put oil into the vent, as it will clog the passage and

cause the first cap to miss fire; but, with a slightly oiled rag on

the wiper, rub the bore of the barrel and the face of the

breech-screw, and immediately insert the tompion into the muzzle.

4th. To clean the exterior of the barrel, lay it flat on a bench or

board, to avoid bending it. The practice of supporting the barrel at

each end, and rubbing it with a strap, buffstick, ramrod, or any other

instrument to burnish it, is pernicious, and should be strictly

forbidden.

5th. After firing, the barrel should always be washed as soon as

practicable; when the water comes off clear, wipe the barrel dry and

pass into it an oiled rag. Fine flour of emery cloth is the best

article to clean the exterior of the barrel.

265. TO CLEAN THE LOCK.--Wipe every part with a moist rag, and then a

dry one; if any part of the interior shows rust, put a drop of oil on

the point or end of a piece of soft wood dipped into flour of emery;

rub out the rust and wipe the surface dry; then rub every part with a

slightly oiled rag.

266. TO CLEAN THE MOUNTINGS.--For iron and steel parts, use fine emery

moistened with oil, or emery cloth. For brass parts, use rotten-stone

moistened with vinegar or water, applied with a rag, brush, or stick;

oil or grease should be avoided. The dirt may be removed from the

screw-holes by screwing a piece of soft wood into them. Wipe all parts

with a linen rag, and leave the parts slightly oiled.

267. DISMOUNTING BY AN ARMORER.--The parts which are specially

assigned to be dismounted by an experienced armorer will be stated in

their regular order, following No. 8, viz.:

9th. Unscrew cone. 10th. Take out cone-seat screw, 11th. Take out

band-springs, using a wire punch. 12th. Take out the guard-screws. Be

careful that the screw-driver does not slip and mar the stock. 13th.

Remove the guard without injuring the wood at either end of the plate.

14th. Remove the side screw-washers with a drift-punch. 15th. Remove

the butt-plate. 16th. Remove the rear-sight. 17th. Turn out the

breech-screw by means of a "breech screw-wrench" suited to the tenon

of the screw. No other wrench should ever be used for this purpose,

and the barrel should be held in clamps neatly fitting the breech.

268. LOCK.--To take the lock apart: 1st. Cock the piece and apply the

spring-piece to the mainspring; give the thumb-screw a turn sufficient

to liberate the spring from the swivel and mainspring notch; remove

the spring. 2d. The sear-spring screw. 3d. The sear-screw and sear.

4th. The bridle-screw and bridle. 5th. The tumbler-screw. 6th. The

tumbler. This is driven out with a punch inserted in the screw-hole,

which at the same time liberates the hammer. 7th. Detach the

mainspring swivel from the tumbler with a drift-punch. 8th. Take out

the feed-finger and spring. 9th. The catch-spring and screw.

269. As a general rule, all parts of the musket are assembled in the

inverse order in which they are dismounted. Before replacing screws,

oil them slightly with good sperm oil, as inferior oil is converted

into a gum, which clogs the operation of the parts. Screws should not

be turned in so hard as to make the parts bind. When a lock has, from

any cause, become gummed with oil and dirt, it may be cleaned by

boiling in soap-suds, or in pearlash or soda-water; heat should never

be applied in any other way.

270. PRECAUTIONS IN USING.--In ordering arms on parade, let the butt

be brought gently to the ground, especially if the ground be hard.

This will save the mechanism of the lock from shocks, which are very

injurious to it, and which tend to loosen and mar the screws and split

the wood-work.

The ramrod should not be sprung with unnecessary force, for fear of

injuring the corners of the grooves; and, in stacking arms, care

should be taken not to injure the bayonets by forcibly straining the

edges against each other.

No cutting, marking, or scraping the wood or iron should be allowed,

and no part of the gun should be touched with a file. Take every

possible care to prevent water from getting between the lock, or

barrel and stock. If any should get there, dismount the gun as soon as

possible, clean and oil the parts as directed, and see that they are

perfectly dry before assembling them.

PAINTS AND LACQUERS.

COMPOSITION AND PREPARATION.

271. The proportions are given for 100 parts by weight of prepared

colors, when not otherwise designated.

A gallon of linseed oil weighs 7.5 lbs.

A gallon of spirits of turpentine 7.25 lbs.

A gallon of Japan varnish 7. lbs.

A gallon of sperm oil 7.12 lbs.

A gallon of neatsfoot oil 7.63 lbs.

PAINTS AND LACQUERS.

_Boiled oil._

Raw linseed 103. lbs.

Copperas 3.15 lbs.

Litharge 6.3 lbs.

_Dryings._

Mixture of copperas and litharge

taken from the boiled oil 60 lbs.

Spirits turpentine 56 lbs.

Boiled oil 2 lbs.

_Putty_ (for filling cracks in wood).

Spanish whiting, pulverized 81.6 lbs.

Boiled oil 20.4 lbs.

Another kind of putty, for the same purpose, is made by mixing fine

sifted oak sawdust with linseed oil which has been boiled till

glutinous.

_White paint._

PROPORTIONS.

For inside work. For outside work.

White-lead, ground in oil 80. lbs. 80 lbs.

Boiled oil 14.5 lbs. 9 lbs.

Raw oil 0. lbs. 9 lbs.

Spirits turpentine 8. lbs. 4 lbs.

Grind the white-lead in the oil, and add the spirits of turpentine.

New wood-work requires about 1 lb. to the square yard for three

coats.

_Lead color._

White-lead, ground in oil 75. lbs.

Lampblack 1. lb.

Boiled linseed oil 23. lbs.

Litharge 0.5 lb.

Japan varnish 0.5 lb.

Spirits turpentine 2.5 lbs.

The lampblack and litharge are ground separately upon the stone, in

oil, then stirred into the white-lead and oil; the turpentine and

varnish are added as the paint is required for use, or when it is

packed in kegs for transportation.

_Black paint._

Lampblack 28 lbs.

Litharge 1 lb.

Japan varnish 1 lb.

Linseed oil, boiled 73 lbs.

Spirits turpentine 1 lb.

Grind the lampblack in oil; mix it with the oil, then grind the

litharge in oil and add it, stirring it well into the mixture. The

varnish and turpentine are added last.

This paint is used for the iron-work of carriages.

_Paint for tarpaulins._

A square yard takes 2 lbs. for three coats.

1. Olive.--Liquid olive color 100 lbs.

Beeswax 6 lbs.

Spirits turpentine 6 lbs.

Dissolve the beeswax in the spirits of turpentine, with a gentle heat,

and mix the paint warm.

2. Add 12 ounces of beeswax to a gallon of linseed oil, and boil it

two hours; prime the cloth with this mixture, and use the same in

place of _boiled oil_ for mixing the paint. Give two coats of paint.

_Lacquers for iron ordnance._

1. Black-lead, pulverized 12 lbs.

Red-lead 12 lbs.

Litharge 5 lbs.

Lampblack 5 lbs.

Linseed oil 66 lbs.

Boil it gently about twenty minutes, during which time it must be

constantly stirred.

2. Umber, ground 3.75 lbs.

Gum-shellac, pulverized 3.75 lbs.

Ivory-black 3.75 lbs.

Litharge 3.75 lbs.

Linseed oil 78. lbs.

Spirits turpentine 7.25 lbs.

The oil must be first boiled half an hour. The mixture is then boiled

twenty-four hours, poured off from the sediment, put in jugs and

corked.

3. Coal tar of good quality 2 galls.

Spirits turpentine 1 pint.

The turpentine to be added in small quantities during the application

of the lacquer.

4. Anti-corrosion 40 lbs.

Grant's black, ground in oil 4 lbs.

Red-lead, as a dryer 3 lbs.

Linseed oil 4 galls.

Spirits turpentine 1 pint.

This mixture, when well stirred and incorporated, will be fit for use;

but, as by long keeping in this state it becomes hard, no more should

be mixed than may be required for immediate use.

Anti-Corrosion.--Slag from iron

foundries, pounded 12 lbs.

Chalk 12 lbs.

Soot, common 1 lb.

In applying lacquer, the surface of the iron must be first cleaned

with a scraper and a wire brush, if necessary, and the lacquer applied

hot, in two thin coats, with a paint-brush. It is best done in summer.

Old lacquer should be removed with a scraper, or by scouring, and not

by heating the guns or balls, by which the metal is injured.

PLANTOU'S COMPOSITION FOR COATING IRON OR WOOD AS A PRESERVATIVE.

_First composition._

Pulverized rosin 3 lbs.

Pulverized shellac 2 oz.

Pulverized charcoal, or cannel-coal 1 lb.

Spirits turpentine 1 oz.

_Second composition._

Pulverized rosin 3 lbs.

Beeswax 4 oz.

Pulverized charcoal, or cannel-coal 1 lb.

Spirits turpentine 1 oz.

The first two articles are to be dissolved in an iron vessel over the

fire; the charcoal is then added, and briskly stirred until the whole

is well intermixed; after which the turpentine is added, and stirred

until it is well incorporated with the other ingredients. It is not

safely made on board ship.

The composition is to be applied when hot, with a brush or spatula,

and smoothed over with a hot iron. The wood, or iron should be

perfectly dry, and freed from rust or other loose substances.

_Lacquer for small arms, or for water-proof paper._

Beeswax 13 lbs.

Spirits turpentine 13 galls.

Boiled linseed oil 1 gall.

All the ingredients should be pure, and of the best quality. Heat them

together in a copper or earthen vessel, over a gentle fire, in a

water-bath, until they are well mixed.

_Lacquer for bright iron-work._

Linseed oil, boiled 80.5 lbs.

Litharge 5.5 lbs.

White-lead, ground in oil 11.25 lbs.

Rosin, pulverized 2.75 lbs.

Add the litharge to the oil, let it simmer over a slow fire for three

hours; strain it, and add the rosin and white-lead; keep it gently

warmed, and stir it until the rosin is dissolved. Apply it with a

paint-brush.

_Varnish for scabbards, or patent leather._

For 1st and 2d coats.--

Prussian blue, in lumps 4. lbs.

Sugar-of-lead 0.7 lb.

Aquafortis 0.7 lb.

Linseed oil, boiled 70. lbs.

Spirits turpentine 24.6 lb.

The ingredients, except the turpentine, are boiled together, in an

iron kettle, eight hours, when the mixture will assume a brilliant

black color. When the varnish is nearly cool, stir in the turpentine.

The kettle in which the varnish is made should be of a capacity to

hold double the quantity of varnish to be boiled. It cannot be safely

made on board ship.

_For the third or finishing coat._--COPAL VARNISH.

Gum-copal, in clear lumps 26.5 lbs.

Boiled linseed oil 42.5 lbs.

Spirits turpentine 31. lbs.

This varnish is made in a copper vessel, smallest at the top, in the

form of a still.

Put the copal in the vessel, set it on a charcoal fire for one hour,

in which time it will melt, and all the watery particles will

evaporate. Add the oil whilst the copal is warm, but not boiling hot.

When nearly cool add the turpentine, which will give it a proper

consistency for use.

For 5 lbs. copal, and the proper proportions of oil and turpentine,

the vessel should hold six gallons. Not safely made on board ship.

_Japan varnish._

Litharge 4 lbs.

Boiled oil 87 lbs.

Spirits turpentine 2 lbs.

Red-lead 6 lbs.

Umber 1 lb.

Gum-shellac 8 lbs.

Sugar-of-lead 2 lbs.

White vitriol 1 lb.

Japan varnish is generally purchased from the paint-sellers. It is

made by boiling on a slow charcoal fire for five hours all the

ingredients except the turpentine and a small portion of the oil. The

latter is added as required to check the ebullition and to allay the

froth which rises to the surface. It must be continually stirred with

a wooden spatula. Great care is necessary to prevent it from taking

fire, and therefore it cannot be safely made on board ship.

The turpentine is added after the varnish is nearly cool, and is

stirred well in. The varnish must be kept in tin cans closely corked.

_Olive paste._

Yellow ochre, pulverized 68. lbs.

Lampblack 1.1 lbs.

Boiled oil 37. lbs.

Spirits turpentine 0.4 lb.

Make a thick paste with the ochre and oil in a paint-pot, and with the

lampblack and oil in another. Grind them together in small portions,

and keep the mixture in a tin vessel.

_Liquid olive color._

Olive paste 61.5 lbs.

Boiled oil 29.5 lbs.

Spirits turpentine 5.5 lbs.

Dryings 3.5 lbs.

Japan varnish 2. lbs.

Stirred together in a paint-pot.

_Brainard's paint._

Dissolve 10 pounds of shellac in 10 gallons of boiling water, adding

30 ounces of saleratus. Mix this solution with an equal quantity of

paint prepared in the usual manner. This paint is economical and

durable.

_Black stain_ (for wood-work).

Copperas 1 lb.

Nutgalls 1 lb.

Sal ammoniac 1/4 lb.

Vinegar 1 gal.

Stir it occasionally for a few hours, and it will be ready for use.

The wood must be clean and smooth, and the cracks filled with black

putty, which must be allowed to dry. The stain to be applied two or

three times, and left to dry for a day or two. Then it is to be rubbed

with boiled oil until sufficiently polished. Until the oil is applied

the color will be bluish. Scraping and staining gun-carriages, or

keeping them bright, is prohibited. They should be kept well painted.

_Impression wax for vents._

Beeswax 4 parts.

Tallow 2 parts.

Charcoal, finely powdered 1 part.

Melt the beeswax and tallow, and stir in the charcoal.

_Paper parchment._

Immerse unsized paper for a few seconds in sulphuric acid, diluted

with half its volume of water at about 60 deg.; wash it well in cold

water, then immerse it in a weak solution of caustic ammonia, and

again wash.

It absorbs water, and becomes soft and pliable like animal parchment,

but is water-proof. It is not affected by boiling water, is

indestructible by most acids, and is not diminished in strength by

wetting. It has about 2/3 the strength of animal parchment when dry;

the thinner kinds make capital tracing-paper, which takes ink readily.

_Cement for the above._

Cheese--fresh, without salt, if possible 3 parts.

Quicklime 1 part.

Wash the cheese thoroughly three or four times in boiling water, and

grind the materials on a stone and muller, adding cold water until it

is of the consistency of honey.

_Composition for lining the interior of rifle-shells._

Soap--common yellow, not salt-water soap 16 ounces.

Tallow 7 ounces.

Rosin 7 ounces.

The tallow should be melted first, then melt and add the rosin, and

lastly the soap, bringing the mass to a heat that will make it _very_

fluid.

The shells having been first thoroughly cleaned, fill them about

one-third full of the composition, roll them slowly so as to spread

the mixture over the whole interior surface, and then pour off the

residue. This coating should be about one-tenth (0.1) of an inch in

thickness, except at the bottom of the shell, where it should be about

three-quarters of an inch thick. To obtain these thicknesses, the

operation of coating should be performed twice; then pour into the

shell enough of the composition to produce the desired thickness at

the bottom, the shell standing on its base. After the composition is

perfectly cool, immerse the shell in hot water at as high a

temperature as the composition will stand without "running"--about 170

degrees. This second heating of the composition in the bath toughens

it, and causes it to adhere more closely to the shell.

APPENDIX.

A. ALLOWANCE TABLE OF CREWS.

B. TABLES OF GUNNERY PRACTICE.

C. FORMS OF REPORTS OF INSPECTION AND OF TARGET PRACTICE.

D. TABLES OF ALLOWANCES OF ORDNANCE STORES.

APPENDIX A.

ALLOWANCE OF CREWS:

_Embracing Officers and all others to be allowed each Vessel of the

Navy, whatever may be her class, kind, or armament._

The number of men assigned in each case will be found adequate to man

properly the battery, and also the Powder Division, together with the

divisions of the Master and Surgeon.

DIRECTIONS.

1. Take from Table I., columns 3 or 4 (either or both, as the case may

happen to require), the number of hands designated for each kind or

class of gun the vessel may carry, and multiply these figures

respectively by the number of guns of each kind to which they refer.

In this way is to be obtained the aggregate number of hands necessary

to man properly the battery itself. Call the result A.[1]

2. Then, in order to get at the additional number of hands necessary

to man properly the powder division and the divisions of the Master

and Surgeon, which additional number is to be called B, multiply A by

the decimal--

SAILING VESSELS.

.25 for a sailing vessel carrying on 3 decks from 74 to 90 guns.

.29 for a sailing vessel carrying on 2 decks from 36 to 60 guns.

.34 for a sailing vessel carrying on 1 or 2 decks from 20 to 26

guns.

.36 for a sailing vessel carrying on 1 decks from 16 to 20 guns

medium of calibre.

.60 for a sailing vessel carrying on 1 decks from 14 to 18 guns

light of calibre.

.34 for a sailing vessel carrying on 1 decks from 9 to 7 guns

heaviest of calibre.

.40 for a sailing vessel carrying on 1 decks from 6 to 5 guns

heaviest of calibre.

.50 for a sailing vessel carrying on 1 decks from 4 to 3 guns

heaviest of calibre.

.70 for a sailing vessel carrying on 1 decks from 2 to 1 guns

heaviest of calibre.

STEAMERS.

.25 for a steamer carrying on 2 decks from 36 to 60 guns, with

broadside-guns on upper deck lighter than those on the other.

.22 for a steamer carrying on 2 decks from 36 to 60 guns, with

broadside-guns on upper deck as heavy as those on the other.

.34 for all other steamers, including iron-clads.

In the case of a sailing vessel, _about_ one-third of B will be the

proportion of hands to be taken for the Master's division, and the

rest, less those for the Surgeon's division (which is to be composed

of the surgeon's steward and the nurses allowed), will be the number

for the powder division.

And, too, in the case of a steamer of any kind, _about_ one-third of B

will also be the proportion of hands to be taken for the Master's

division; but the rest, less those just mentioned for the Surgeon's

division, is to be increased by one-third of the number of firemen and

coal-heavers allowed, to constitute the powder division.

It is to be borne in mind that the powder division is always to

command a preference over the master's, on the score of being

sufficiently manned.

3. Add A and B together, and call their sum C.

4. To ascertain how many of the whole number of C are to be petty

officers, &c., consult Table II.

5. One-sixth part of the whole number of C will give the number of

seamen.

6. One-fourth part of the whole number of C will give the number of

ordinary seamen.

7. One-fortieth part of the whole number of C will give the number of

musicians (exclusive of the master of the band), when musicians are

allowed, which is to be only to ships-of-the-line, frigates, and flag

vessels having a totality of crew amounting to not less than 350

souls.[2]

8. The total number of petty officers, &c., seamen, ordinary seamen,

and musicians, deducted from the whole number of C, will give the

number of landsmen and boys.

9. The number of hands, in addition to the whole number of C, to serve

as firemen and coal-heavers, when these are required, is to be

ascertained by the annexed rule relating to the subject.

10. For the number and grades of officers, consult Table III.

11. For the number and grades of marines, consult Table IV.

12. An admiral of any grade, when appointed as the commander-in-chief

of a fleet or squadron, is authorized to nominate to the Navy

Department an officer not below the grade of a commander to serve as

the head of his staff, or as the captain of the fleet, and to be borne

on the books of the vessel carrying his flag in addition to her

established complement.

13. Every officer appointed to the command of a fleet or squadron is

authorized to nominate to the Navy Department an officer not higher in

grade than a lieutenant, nor lower than an ensign, to serve as his

flag lieutenant, or aid, and to be borne on the books of the vessel

carrying his flag or broad pennant in addition to her established

complement.

14. An admiral of any grade, appointed the commander-in-chief of a

fleet or squadron, is to be allowed two seamen and two ordinary

seamen, to be borne on the books of the vessel carrying his flag in

addition to her established complement.

15. Every other officer appointed to the command of a fleet or

squadron is to be allowed one seaman and two ordinary seamen, to be

borne on the books of the vessel carrying his broad pennant in

addition to her established complement.

16. The number of men in any rating, as above directed, is not to be

exceeded, in any case, without the authority of the Secretary of the

Navy, unless it be to make good deficiencies in superior ratings; and

vessels, in time of peace, when otherwise ready for sea, are not to

be detained on account of deficiencies in their complements, if the

whole number of petty officers and persons of inferior rating be equal

to nine-tenths of the number allowed as their crews.

17. The total number of a crew, as allowed above, is never to be

exceeded without the express direction or sanction of the Secretary of

the Navy.

18. Complements will be designated by the Navy Department for

receiving vessels, practice vessels, apprentice vessels, store and

supply vessels, and for any others intended for special or peculiar

service.

TABLE I.

SHOWING THE NUMBER OF HANDS (_powder-man or boy included_) APPLICABLE

TO VARIOUS KINDS OF GUNS IN USE, TO SERVE AS A BASIS TO DETERMINE THE

NUMBER TO COMPOSE A VESSEL'S CREW, EXCLUSIVE OF OFFICERS, MARINES,

FIREMEN, AND COAL-HEAVERS.

KEY:

A: KIND OR CLASS OF GUN.

B: WEIGHT OF GUN, IN POUNDS, OR CWT., WHEN SO EXPRESSED.

C: Gun, when a pivot, or used singly.

D: Gun of both broadsides.

-------------+-------------------+---------------------------+-------------+

| | |NUMBER OF |

| | |HANDS FOR |

| | |EACH-- |

| | +------+------+

A | B | NOTICES. | C | D |

-------------+-------------------+ +------+------+

Col. | Col. | | Col. | Col. |

1 | 2. | | 3. | 4. |

-------------+-------------------+---------------------------+------+------+

| {|In turrets of an iron-clad,|} | |

XV-inch | 42,000 {|and on carriage requiring |} 20 *| |

XI-inch or | {|but ten hands for a XV-inch|} | |

150-pounder | 16,000 to 17,000 {|and seven for an XI-inch, |} 14 *| |

| {|powdermen included. |} | |

| | | | |

150-pounder | 16,000 to 17,000 | turrets. | 25 | 12.5 |

64-pounder | 12,000 | | 21 | 10.5 |

100-pounder | 9,000 to 10,000 | | 17 | 8.5 |

60-pounder | 5,000 | | 11 | 5.5 |

rifle | 3,000 to 4,000 | | 9 | 4.5 |

rifle | 1,600 to 2,000 | | 7 | 3.5 |

| | ship-of-the-line. | 17 | 8.5 |

| | deck. | 15 | 7.5 |

8-inch |56 " or 6,500 lbs.| | 13 | 6.5 |

| | ship-of-the-line. | 15 | 7.5 |

| | said deck. | 13 | 6.5 |

32-pounder |42 " or 4,500 lbs.| | 11 | 5.5 |

32-pounder |33 " | | 9 | 4.5 |

32-pounder |27 " | | 7 | 3.5 |

howitzer | 1,300 to 1,400 | | 7 | 3.5 |

howitzer | 700 to 800 | | 5 | 2.5 |

-------------+-------------------+----------------------------------+------+

NOTE *: These numbers, 20 and 14, give, intentionally, double crews.

TABLE II

_Allowance of Petty Officers, and also of others_ NOT _Seamen,

Ordinary Seamen, Landsmen, Boys, Firemen, Coal-heavers, nor Musicians,

other than Master of the Band, for Sailing Vessels and Steamers of

every description, including Iron-clads, when the amount of C is_--

-----------------------------+----------+----------+----------+----------+

-----------------------------+----------+----------+----------+----------+

S.V. means a Sailing Vessel. | Col. 1 | Col. 2 | Col. 3 | Col. 4 |

STMR. means a Steamer. +----+-----+----+-----+----+-----+----+-----+

|S.V.|Stmr.|S.V.|Stmr.|S.V.|Stmr.|S.V.|Stmr.|

-----------------------------+----+-----+----+-----+----+-----+----+-----+

Chief Boatswain's Mate | 1 | .. | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |

Boatswain's Mate in charge | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |

Boatswain's Mates | 5 | .. | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 |

Chief Gunner's Mates | 1 | .. | 1 | 1 | .. | .. | .. | .. |

Gunner's Mates in charge | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |

Gunner's Mates | 3 | .. | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |

Chief Quartermasters | 1 | .. | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |

Quartermasters | 9 | .. | 7 | 7 | 5 | 5 | 3 | 3 |

Coxswains | 10 | .. | 8 | 8 | 7 | 7 | 6 | 6 |

Captains of Forecastle | 4 | .. | 4 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 |

Captains of Tops | 8 | .. | 6 | 6 | 6 | 4 | 4 | 2 |

Captains of After-Guard | 2 | .. | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 |

Quarter Gunners | 18 | .. | 12 | 12 | 6 | 6 | 4 | 4 |

Carpenter's Mates | 2 | .. | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |

Sailmaker's Mates | 2 | .. | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |

Painters--1st class | 1 | .. | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |

Painters--2d class | 1 | .. | 1 | 1 | .. | .. | .. | .. |

Coopers | 1 | .. | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |

Armorers | 1 | .. | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |

Armorer's Mates | 1 | .. | 1 | 1 | .. | 1 | .. | .. |

Captains of Hold | 2 | .. | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 |

Ship's Cooks | 1 | .. | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |

Bakers | 2 | .. | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |

Yeomen | 1 | .. | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |

Master-at-Arms | 1 | .. | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |

Surgeon's Steward in charge |When there is no Medical Officer provided, |

| the Surgeon's Steward allowed is to become|

| the Surgeon's Steward in charge. |

-----------------------------+----+-----+----+-----+----+-----+----+-----+

-----------------------------+----------+----------+----------+----------+

-----------------------------+----------+----------+----------+----------+

S.V. means a Sailing Vessel. | Col. 5 | Col. 6 | Col. 7 | Col. 8 |

STMR. means a Steamer. +----+-----+----+-----+----+-----+----+-----+

|S.V.|Stmr.|S.V.|Stmr.|S.V.|Stmr.|S.V.|Stmr.|

-----------------------------+----+-----+----+-----+----+-----+----+-----+

Chief Boatswain's Mate | 1 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |

Boatswain's Mate in charge | .. | .. | .. | .. | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |

Boatswain's Mates | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | .. | .. |

Chief Gunner's Mates | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |

Gunner's Mates in charge | .. | .. | .. | .. | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |

Gunner's Mates | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | .. | .. |

Chief Quartermasters | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | .. | .. |

Quartermasters | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 |

Coxswains | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 |

Captains of Forecastle | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | .. |

Captains of Tops | 2 | .. | 2 | .. | 2 | .. | 1 | .. |

Captains of After-Guard | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |

Quarter Gunners | 4 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 |

Carpenter's Mates | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |

Sailmaker's Mates | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |

Painters--1st class | 1 | 1 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |

Painters--2d class | .. | .. | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |

Coopers | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | .. | .. |

Armorers | 1 | 1 | .. | 1 | .. | .. | .. | .. |

Armorer's Mates | .. | .. | 1 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |

Captains of Hold | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |

Ship's Cooks | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |

Bakers | 1 | 1 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |

Yeomen | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |

Master-at-Arms | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | .. | .. |

Surgeon's Steward in charge |When there is no Medical Officer provided, |

| the Surgeon's Steward allowed is to become|

| the Surgeon's Steward in charge. |

-----------------------------+----+-----+----+-----+----+-----+----+-----+

-----------------------------+----------+----------+

| NOT LESS | NOT LESS |

| THAN 25 | THAN 12 |

RATINGS. | NOR MORE | NOR MORE |

| THAN 40 | THAN 25 |

-----------------------------+----------+----------+

S.V. means a Sailing Vessel. | Col. 9 | Col. 10 |

STMR. means a Steamer. +----+-----+----+-----+

|S.V.|Stmr.|S.V.|Stmr.|

-----------------------------+----+-----+----+-----+

Chief Boatswain's Mate | .. | .. | .. | .. |

Boatswain's Mate in charge | 1 | 1 | .. | .. |

Boatswain's Mates | .. | .. | .. | .. |

Chief Gunner's Mates | .. | .. | .. | .. |

Gunner's Mates in charge | 1 | 1 | .. | .. |

Gunner's Mates | .. | .. | .. | .. |

Chief Quartermasters | .. | .. | .. | .. |

Quartermasters | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 |

Coxswains | 1 | 1 | .. | .. |

Captains of Forecastle | 1 | .. | .. | .. |

Captains of Tops | .. | .. | .. | .. |

Captains of After-Guard | .. | .. | .. | .. |

Quarter Gunners | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |

Carpenter's Mates | .. | .. | .. | .. |

Sailmaker's Mates | .. | .. | .. | .. |

Painters--1st class | .. | .. | .. | .. |

Painters--2d class | .. | .. | .. | .. |

Coopers | .. | .. | .. | .. |

Armorers | .. | .. | .. | .. |

Armorer's Mates | .. | .. | .. | .. |

Captains of Hold | .. | .. | .. | .. |

Ship's Cooks | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |

Bakers | .. | .. | .. | .. |

Yeomen | 1 | 1 | .. | .. |

Master-at-Arms | .. | .. | .. | .. |

Surgeon's Steward in charge |When there is no |

|Medical Officer |

|provided, the |

|Surgeon's Steward |

|allowed is to become |

|the Surgeon's Steward|

|in charge. |

-----------------------------+----+-----+----+-----+

TABLE II.--Continued.

-----------------------------+----------+----------+----------+----------+

-----------------------------+----------+----------+----------+----------+

S.V. means a Sailing Vessel. | Col. 1 | Col. 2 | Col. 3 | Col. 4 |

STMR. means a Steamer. +----+-----+----+-----+----+-----+----+-----+

|S.V.|Stmr.|S.V.|Stmr.|S.V.|Stmr.|S.V.|Stmr.|

-----------------------------+----+-----+----+-----+----+-----+----+-----+

Surgeon's Stewards | 1 | .. | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |

Paymaster's Stewards | 1 | .. | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |

Schoolmasters | 1 | .. | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |

Ship's Writers | 1 | .. | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |

Ship's Corporals | 2 | .. | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 |

Masters of the Band | 1 | .. | 1 | 1 |and one to every |

Coxswains to | One of each to be borne on the books of |

Commander-in-Chief |the vessel carrying his flag in |

|addition to her compliment. |

| |

Stewards to | One of each to be borne on the books of |

Commander-in-Chief |the vessel carrying his flag in |

|addition to her compliment. |

| |

Cooks to | One of each to be borne on the books of |

Commander-in-Chief |the vessel carrying his flag in |

|addition to her compliment. |

| |

Cabin Stewards | 1 | .. | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |

Cabin Cooks | 1 | .. | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |

Ward-Room Stewards | 1 | .. | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |

Ward-Room Cooks | 1 | .. | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |

*Steerage Stewards | 1 | .. | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |

*Steerage Cooks | 1 | .. | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |

*Foreward Officer's Stewards | 1 | .. | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |

*Foreward Officer's Cooks | 1 | .. | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |

Caulkers | 12 | .. | 10 | 10 | 8 | 8 | 6 | 6 |

Nurses | 2 | .. | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 |

-----------------------------+----+-----+----+-----+----+-----+----+-----+

TOTAL |107 | .. | 88 | 88 | 68 | 67 | 58 | 56 |

-----------------------------+----+-----+----+-----+----+-----+----+-----+

NOTE.--Those rankings marked * are _not_ Petty Officers.

Iron-clads without spars not to be allowed any Captains of Tops.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------

-----------------------------+----------+----------+----------+----------+

-----------------------------+----------+----------+----------+----------+

S.V. means a Sailing Vessel. | Col. 5 | Col. 6 | Col. 7 | Col. 8 |

STMR. means a Steamer. +----+-----+----+-----+----+-----+----+-----+

|S.V.|Stmr.|S.V.|Stmr.|S.V.|Stmr.|S.V.|Stmr.|

-----------------------------+----+-----+----+-----+----+-----+----+-----+

Surgeon's Stewards | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |

Paymaster's Stewards | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |

Schoolmasters | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |

Ship's Writers | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |

Ship's Corporals | 1 | 1 | .. | .. | .. | .. | 1 | 1 |

Masters of the Band |and one to every |

|other vessel allowed |

|a band. |

Coxswains to |One of each to be borne on the books of |

Commander-in-Chief | the vessel carrying his flag in |

| addition to her compliment. |

| |

Coxswains to |One of each to be borne on the books of |

Commander-in-Chief | the vessel carrying his flag in |

| addition to her compliment. |

| |

Coxswains to |One of each to be borne on the books of |

Commander-in-Chief | the vessel carrying his flag in |

| addition to her compliment. |

| |

Cabin Stewards | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |

Cabin Cooks | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |

Ward-Room Stewards | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |

Ward-Room Cooks | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |

*Steerage Stewards | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |

*Steerage Cooks | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |

*Foreward Officer's Stewards | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | .. | .. | .. | .. |

*Foreward Officer's Cooks | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | .. | .. | .. | .. |

Caulkers | 4 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 |

Nurses | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |

-----------------------------+----+-----+----+-----+----+-----+----+-----+

TOTAL | 51 | 47 | 44 | 41 | 38 | 36 | 30 | 28 |

-----------------------------+----+-----+----+-----+----+-----+----+-----+

NOTE.--Those rankings marked * are _not_ Petty Officers.

Iron-clads without spars not to be allowed any Captains of Tops.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------

-----------------------------+----------+----------+

| NOT LESS | NOT LESS |

| THAN 25 | THAN 12 |

RATINGS. | NOR MORE | NOR MORE |

| THAN 40 | THAN 25 |

-----------------------------+----------+----------+

S.V. means a Sailing Vessel. | Col. 9 | Col. 10 |

STMR. means a Steamer. +----+-----+----+-----+

|S.V.|Stmr.|S.V.|Stmr.|

-----------------------------+----+-----+----+-----+

Surgeon's Stewards | 1 | 1 | .. | .. |

Paymaster's Stewards | 1 | 1 | .. | .. |

Schoolmasters | .. | .. | .. | .. |

Ship's Writers | .. | .. | .. | .. |

Ship's Corporals | 1 | 1 | .. | .. |

Masters of the Band |and one to every |

|other vessel allowed |

|a band. |

Coxswains to |One of each to be |

Commander-in-Chief |borne on the books of|

|the vessel carrying |

|his flag in addition |

|to her compliment. |

Coxswains to |One of each to be |

Commander-in-Chief |borne on the books of|

|the vessel carrying |

|his flag in addition |

|to her compliment. |

Coxswains to |One of each to be |

Commander-in-Chief |borne on the books of|

|the vessel carrying |

|his flag in addition |

|to her compliment. |

Cabin Stewards | .. | .. | .. | .. |

Cabin Cooks | .. | .. | .. | .. |

Ward-Room Stewards | 1 | 1 | .. | .. |

Ward-Room Cooks | 1 | 1 | .. | .. |

*Steerage Stewards | .. | .. | 1 | 1 |

*Steerage Cooks | .. | .. | 1 | 1 |

*Foreward Officer's Stewards | .. | .. | .. | .. |

*Foreward Officer's Cooks | .. | .. | .. | .. |

Caulkers | 1 | 1 | .. | .. |

Nurses | .. | .. | .. | .. |

-----------------------------+----+-----+----+-----+

TOTAL | 15 | 14 | 5 | 5 |

-----------------------------+----+-----+----+-----+

NOTE.--Those rankings marked * are _not_ Petty |

Officers. Iron-clads without spars not to |

be allowed any Captains of Tops. |

---------------------------------------------------+

TABLE III.

_Allowance of Officers when the amount of C is_--

-----------------------------+----------+----------+----------+----------+

-----------------------------+----------+----------+----------+----------+

S.V. means a Sailing Vessel. | Col. 1 | Col. 2 | Col. 3 | Col. 4 |

STMR. means a Steamer. +----+-----+----+-----+----+-----+----+-----+

|S.V.|Stmr.|S.V.|Stmr.|S.V.|Stmr.|S.V.|Stmr.|

-----------------------------+----+-----+----+-----+----+-----+----+-----+

Commodore | 1 | .. | 1 | 1 | .. | .. | .. | .. |

Captain | .. | .. | .. | .. | 1 | 1 | .. | 1 |

Commander | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 1 | .. |

Lieut.-Commander | 1 | .. | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |

Lieutenant | 2 | .. | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |

Master | 3 | .. | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |

Ensign | 3 | .. | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 |

Midshipman | 12 | .. | 8 | 8 | 6 | 6 | 4 | 4 |

Surgeon | 1 | .. | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |

Assistant Surgeons | 3 | .. | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 |

Paymaster | 1 | .. | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |

Assistant Paymaster | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |

Boatswain | 1 | .. | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |

Gunner | 1 | .. | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |

Carpenter | 1 | .. | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |

Sailmaker | 1 | .. | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |

Chief Engineer | .. | .. | .. | 1 | .. | 1 | .. | 1 |

1st Assistant Engineer | .. | .. | .. | 2 | .. | 2 | .. | 2 |

2d Assistant Engineer | .. | .. | .. | 2 | .. | 2 | .. | 2 |

3d Assistant Engineer | .. | .. | .. | 3 | .. | 2 | .. | 2 |

Secretary | One for each Commander of a Squadron. |

Clerk to Commanding Officer | 1 | .. | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |

Clerk to Paymaster | 1 | .. | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |

Master's Mates | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |

-----------------------------+----+-----+----+-----+----+-----+----+-----+

TOTAL | 33 | .. | 25 | 33 | 22 | 29 | 19 | 26 |

| to | | to | to | to | to | | |

| 35 | | 27 | 35 | 24 | 31 | | |

-----------------------------+----+-----+----+-----+----+-----+----+-----+

-----------------------------+----------+----------+----------+----------+

-----------------------------+----------+----------+----------+----------+

S.V. means a Sailing Vessel. | Col. 5 | Col. 6 | Col. 7 | Col. 8 |

STMR. means a Steamer. +----+-----+----+-----+----+-----+----+-----+

|S.V.|Stmr.|S.V.|Stmr.|S.V.|Stmr.|S.V.|Stmr.|

-----------------------------+----+-----+----+-----+----+-----+----+-----+

Commodore | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |

Captain | .. | 1 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |

Commander | 1 | .. | .. | 1 | .. | 1 | .. | .. |

Lieut.-Commander | 1 | 1 | 1 | .. | 1 | .. | 1 | 1 |

Lieutenant | 1 | 1 | .. | 1 | .. | 1 | .. | .. |

Master | 1 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 |

Ensign | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 4 |

Midshipman | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | .. | .. | .. | .. |

Surgeon | 1 | 1 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |

Assistant Surgeons | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |

Paymaster | 1 | 1 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |

Assistant Paymaster | .. | .. | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |

Boatswain | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | .. | .. | .. | .. |

Gunner | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | .. | .. | .. | .. |

Carpenter | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | .. | .. | .. | .. |

Sailmaker | 1 | 1 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |

Chief Engineer | .. | 1 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |

1st Assistant Engineer | .. | 1 | .. | 2 | .. | 1 | .. | 1 |

2d Assistant Engineer | .. | 2 | .. | 2 | .. | 2 | .. | 2 |

3d Assistant Engineer | .. | 2 | .. | 2 | .. | 2 | .. | 2 |

Clerk to Commanding Officer | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |

Clerk to Paymaster | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |

Master's Mates | .. | .. | .. | .. | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 |

-----------------------------+----+-----+----+-----+----+-----+----+-----+

TOTAL | 18 | 24 | 17 | 23 | 12 | 17 | 11 | 16 |

| | | | | | | | |

-----------------------------+----+-----+----+-----+----+-----+----+-----+

-----------------------------+----------+----------+

| NOT LESS | NOT LESS |

| THAN 25 | THAN 12 |

GRADES. | NOR MORE | NOR MORE |

| THAN 40 | THAN 25 |

-----------------------------+----------+----------+

S.V. means a Sailing Vessel. | Col. 9 | Col. 10 |

STMR. means a Steamer. +----+-----+----+-----+

|S.V.|Stmr.|S.V.|Tugs.|

-----------------------------+----+-----+----+-----+

Commodore | .. | .. | .. | .. |

Captain | .. | .. | .. | .. |

Commander | .. | .. | .. | .. |

Lieut.-Commander | 1 | 1 | .. | .. |

Lieutenant | .. | .. | .. | .. |

Master | 1 | 1 | .. | 1 |

Ensign | 3 | 3 | 1 | .. |

Midshipman | .. | .. | .. | .. |

Surgeon | .. | .. | .. | .. |

Assistant Surgeons | 1 | 1 | .. | .. |

Paymaster | .. | .. | .. | .. |

Assistant Paymaster | 1 | 1 | .. | .. |

Boatswain | .. | .. | .. | .. |

Gunner | .. | .. | .. | .. |

Carpenter | .. | .. | .. | .. |

Sailmaker | .. | .. | .. | .. |

Chief Engineer | .. | .. | .. | .. |

1st Assistant Engineer | .. | 1 | .. | .. |

2d Assistant Engineer | .. | 1 | .. | 1 |

3d Assistant Engineer | .. | 2 | .. | 2 |

Clerk to Commanding Officer | 1 | 1 | .. | .. |

Clerk to Paymaster | .. | .. | .. | .. |

Master's Mates | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 |

-----------------------------+----+-----+----+-----+

TOTAL | 10 | 14 | 2 | 5 |

| | | | |

-----------------------------+----+-----+----+-----+

NOTE.--Iron-clads without Spars are not to be allowed either Boatswains

or Sailmakers.

No Paymaster or Assistant Paymaster shall be allowed a clerk in a

vessel having the complement of one hundred and seventy-five

persons or less, excepting in supply steamers and store vessels.

TABLE IV.

_Allowance of Marines when the amount of C is_--

-----------------------------+----------+----------+----------+----------+

S.V. means a Sailing Vessel. | Col. 1 | Col. 2 | Col. 3 | Col. 4 |

STMR. means a Steamer. +----+-----+----+-----+----+-----+----+-----+

|S.V.|Stmr.|S.V.|Stmr.|S.V.|Stmr.|S.V.|Stmr.|

-----------------------------+----+-----+----+-----+----+-----+----+-----+

Captain | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | | | | |

Lieutenants | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |

Sergeants | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 |

Corporals | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 3 |

Drummers | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |

Pipers | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |

Privates | 50 | 50 | 40 | 40 | 30 | 30 | 20 | 20 |

-----------------------------+----+-----+----+-----+----+-----+----+-----+

TOTAL | 64 | 64 | 51 | 51 | 39 | 39 | 28 | 28 |

-----------------------------+----+-----+----+-----+----+-----+----+-----+

-----------------------------+----------+----------+----------+----------+

S.V. means a Sailing Vessel. | Col. 5 | Col. 6 | Col. 7 | Col. 8 |

STMR. means a Steamer. +----+-----+----+-----+----+-----+----+-----+

|S.V.|Stmr.|S.V.|Stmr.|S.V.|Stmr.|S.V.|Stmr.|

-----------------------------+----+-----+----+-----+----+-----+----+-----+

Lieutenants | 1 | 1 | | | | | | |

Sergeants | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 |

Corporals | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 |

Drummers | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | | |

Pipers | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | | |

Privates | 16 | 16 | 12 | 12 | 10 | 10 | 8 | 8 |

-----------------------------+----+-----+----+-----+----+-----+----+-----+

TOTAL | 23 | 23 | 18 | 18 | 16 | 16 | 11 | 11 |

-----------------------------+----+-----+----+-----+----+-----+----+-----+

FOOTNOTES:

[1] NOTE 1.--Howitzers, when not really essentials of a battery, but

intended rather as appendages to it for boat and field service, and for

particular occasions, than to be used as commonly as the other guns of the

vessel in general exercises, or in an engagement, are _not_ to be included

in applying these directions. The marines and available hands of the

master's division are to be kept drilled to them, for the purpose of

clearing the deck of an enemy.

[2] NOTE 2.--If the number of musicians thus derived be even, one-half of

them are to be of the first class, and one-half of the second class;

otherwise, the bare majority are to be of the first class, and the rest of

the second.

APPENDIX B.--No. I.

GRADUATION OF SIGHTS AND MEAN RANGES

UNITED STATES NAVAL SMOOTH-BORE GUNS.

(_From Results of Practice, by Admiral_ DAHLGREN, _United States

Navy._)

The graduation commences from the bottom of the head of the bar

resting on the sight-box.

The aim is supposed to be taken at the water-line of a ship.

---------------------+-------------------------+-----------------------+

| 32-POUNDER OF 27 CWT. | 32-POUNDER OF 33 CWT. |

+-------------------------+-----------------------+

Charge | 4 lbs. | 4-1/2 lbs. |

| | |

Axis of bore above | | |

load-line | 7 feet. | 7-1/2 feet. |

| | |

Distance between | Old Model. | New Model. | |

sights | 29-1/4 | 26-3/4 | |

| inches. | inches. | 31 inches. |

----------+----------+------------+------------+-----------+-----------+

----------+----------+------------+------------+-----------+-----------+

Level. | 250 | 0.353 | 0.324 | 287 | 0.350 |

1 deg. | 545 | 0.746 | 0.684 | 581 | 0.792 |

2 deg. | 800 | 1.266 | 1.161 | 857 | 1.343 |

3 deg. | 1,047 | 1.801 | 1.652 | 1,140 | 1.909 |

4 deg. | 1,278 | 2.337 | 2.144 | 1,398 | 2.478 |

5 deg. | 1,469 | 2.870 | 2.633 | 1,598 | 3.044 |

6 deg. | 1,637 | 3.398 | 3.116 | ... | ... |

----------+----------+------------+------------+-----------+-----------+

APPENDIX B.--No. II.

---------------------+-------------------------+-----------------------+

| 32-POUNDER OF 42 CWT. | 32-POUNDER OF 57 CWT. |

+-------------------------+-----------------------+

Charge | 6 lbs. | 9 lbs. |

| | |

Axis of bore above | | |

load-line | 7-1/2 feet. | 8 feet. |

| | |

Distance between | Old Model. | New Model. | |

sights. |40.5 inches.|37.1 inches.| 42.5 inches. |

----------+----------+------------+------------+-----------+-----------+

----------+----------+------------+------------+-----------+-----------+

Level. | 313 | 0.446 | 0.408 | 360 | 0.412 |

1 deg. | 672 | 1.016 | 0.931 | 760 | 1.042 |

2 deg. | 988 | 1.742 | 1.596 | 1,150 | 1.808 |

3 deg. | 1,274 | 2.488 | 2.280 | 1,440 | 2.597 |

4 deg. | 1,505 | 3.235 | 2.964 | 1,710 | 3.384 |

5 deg. | 1,756 | 3.974 | 3.641 | 1,930 | 4.162 |

6 deg. | ... | ... | ... | 2,140 | 4.930 |

----------+----------+------------+------------+-----------+-----------+

APPENDIX B.--No. III.

-----------------------------------++-------------------------------------+

8-INCH OF 55 CWT. || 8-INCH OF 63 CWT. |

-----------------------------------++-------------------------------------+

Charge ... 7 lbs. || 9 lbs. |

|| |

Shell ... 51-1/2 lbs. || 51-1/2 lbs. |

|| |

Axis of bore above || |

load-line ... 7-1/2 feet.|| 8 feet. |

|| |

Distance between || |Old Model. | New Model. |

sights ... 37 inches || |43.50 inches.| 38.20 inches.|

-----------------------------------++--------+-------------+--------------+

ELEVATION. | RANGE. |GRADUATION. || RANGE. | GRADUATION. | GRADUATION. |

-----------------------------------++--------+-------------+--------------+

Degrees. | Yards. | Inches. || Yards. | Inches. | Inches. |

Level. | 283 | 0.429 || 330 | 0.460 | 0.402 |

1 deg. | 579 | 0.949 || 660 | 1.100 | 0.964 |

2 deg. | 869 | 1.603 || 970 | 1.878 | 1.647 |

3 deg. | 1,148 | 2.280 || 1,260 | 2.678 | 2.350 |

4 deg. | 1,413 | 2.958 || 1,540 | 3.478 | 3.051 |

5 deg. | 1,657 | 3.632 || 1,770 | 4.273 | 3.749 |

6 deg. | 1,866 | 4.300 || ... | ... | ... |

-----------------------------------++-------------------------------------+

APPENDIX B.--No. IV.

------------------+------------------+------------------+------------------+

| IX-INCH | XI-INCH | XI-INCH |

| SHELL-GUN. | SHELL-GUN. | SHELL-GUN. |

------------------+------------------+------------------+------------------+

| | | |

Charge |10 lbs. |15 lbs. |15 lbs. |

| | | |

Shell |72 lbs. |135 lbs. |135 lbs. |

| | | |

Axis of bore |10 feet. |10 feet. |20 feet. |

above load-line | | | |

| |[Screw-sloops.] |[2d deck above |

| | | water.] |

Distance | | | |

between sights |39 inches. |48 inches. |48 inches. |

| | | |

------------------+-------+----------+-------+----------+-------+----------+

------------------+-------+----------+-------+----------+-------+----------+

Level. | 340 | 0.461 | 306 | 0.600 | 420 | 0.87 |

... | 700 | 0.983 | 500 | 0.945 | 700 | 1.48 |

... | 900 | 1.514 | 700 | 1.442 | 900 | 2.01 |

... | 1,100 | 2.073 | 900 | 2.040 | 1,100 | 2.62 |

... | 1,300 | 2.646 | 1,100 | 2.651 | 1,300 | 3.25 |

... | 1,500 | 3.222 | 1,300 | 3.295 | 1,500 | 4.92 |

... | 1,700 | 3.813 | 1,500 | 3.953 | ... | ... |

... | ... | ... | 1,700 | 4.681 | ... | ... |

------------------+-------+----------+-------+----------+-------+----------+

APPENDIX B.--No. V.--_Approximate Ranges of Shell-Guns._

------------+-----------+-----------+-------+------+-----------------------+

CLASS | | WEIGHT | |HEIGHT+-----+-----+-----+-----+

OF | KIND OF | OF |CHARGE,|ABOVE |P.B. | | | |

GUN. |PROJECTILE.|PROJECTILE.| lbs. |PLANE.|or 0 deg.| 1 deg. | 2 deg. | 3 deg. |

------------+-----------+-----------+-------+------+-----+-----+-----+-----+

XV-inch |Cored shot | 400 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |

|Shell | 350 | 35 | ... | 300| 620| 920|1,200|

| | | | | | | 1.9 | 3.7 |

------------+-----------+-----------+-------+------+-----+-----+-----+-----+

XI-inch | Shell | 136 | 15 | 10 | 306| 631| 918|1,208|

| | | | | .84| 1.72| 2.8 | 3.88|

| Shell | 136 | 15 | 20 | 421| 679| 992|1,257|

| | | | | 1.16| 1.96| 3. | 3.94|

| Shell | 136 | 20 | 10 | 410| 665|1,000|1,340|

| | | | | | 1.9 | | 4.1 |

| Shrapnel | 141 | 15 | 10 | 295| 620| 910|1,200|

| | | | | .8 | 1.7 | 2.7 | 3.7 |

------------+-----------+-----------+-------+------+-----+-----+-----+-----+

X-inch | Shell | 103 | 12-1/2| 11 | 340| 705| 970|1,230|

| | | | | .1 | 2. | 2.9 | 3.9 |

| Shrapnel | 101 | 12-1/2| ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |

------------+-----------+-----------+-------+------+-----+-----+-----+-----+

IX-inch | Shell | 72-1/2 | 10 |10-3/4| 332| 718| 962|1,218|

| | | | | .9 | 1.96| 3. | 4. |

| Shell | 72-1/2 | 13 | ... | 350| 740| 980|1,275|

| | | | | .1 | 2.08| 2.84| 4.04|

| Shrapnel | 75 | 10 | ... | 332| 718| 960|1,215|

| | | | | .8 | 1.9 | 2.9 | 4. |

------------+-----------+-----------+-------+------+-----+-----+-----+-----+

8-inch, | Shell | 51-1/2 | 9 | 8 | 330| 660| 970|1,260|

63-cwt. | | | | | .8 | 1.89| 3.07| 4.34|

| Shrapnel | 52 | 9 | ... | 340| 670| 980|1,270|

| | | | | .9 | 1.8 | 3. | 4.2 |

------------+-----------+-----------+-------+------+-----+-----+-----+-----+

8-inch, | Shell | 51-1/2 | 7 | 7-1/2| 283| 579| 869|1,148|

55-cwt. | | | | | .8 | 1.7 | 2.9 | 3.75|

and | Shrapnel | 52 | 7 | ... | 290| 590| 880|1,160|

of 6,500 lbs| | | | | .8 | 1.6 | 2.8 | 3.9 |

------------+-----------+-----------+-------+------+-----+-----+-----+-----+

------------+-----------+-----------------------------------------------+

| | ELEVATION IN DEGREES. |

| | RANGES IN YARDS. |

| | TIME OF FLIGHT IN SECONDS. |

| | |

CLASS | |-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+

OF | KIND OF | | | | | | | | |

GUN. |PROJECTILE.| 4 deg. | 5 deg. | 6 deg. | 7 deg. | 8 deg. | 9 deg. | 10 deg. | 11 deg. |

------------+-----------+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+

XV-inch |Cored shot | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |

|Shell |1,470|1,700|1,900|2,100| ... | ... | ... | ... |

| | 4.3 | 5.7 | 6.5 | 7.7 | | | | |

------------+-----------+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+

XI-inch | Shell |1,472|1,712|1,914|2,105|2,300|2,500|2,687|2,870|

| | 4.9 | 5.81| 6.74| | | |10.2 |11.70|

| Shell |1,524|1,757|1,950|2,140| ... | ... | ... | ... |

| | 4.99| 6.04| | | | | | |

| Shell |1,660|1,975|2,255|2,490|2,690|2,870|3,025|3,170|

| | | | | 8.6 | |10.2 | |11.8 |

| Shrapnel |1,465|1,710| ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |

| | 4.7 | 5.6 | | | | | | |

------------+-----------+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+

X-inch | Shell |1,490|1,740|1,960|2,210|2,430|2,640|2,840|3,000|

| | 4.9 | 5.8 | 6.7 | | 8.5 | |10.1 | |

| Shrapnel | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |

------------+-----------+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+

IX-inch | Shell |1,471|1,710|1,933|2,133|2,314|2,484|2,644|2,788|

| | 5.1 | 5.96| | 8. | | 8.6 |11.5 |12.9 |

| Shell |1,520|1,750|1,980|2,200|2,395|2,580|2,750|2,910|

| | 5.20| 6.24| 7.16| 8.36| | | | |

| Shrapnel |1,470|1,690| ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |

| | 5. | 5.9 | | | | | | |

------------+-----------+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+

8-inch, | Shell |1,540|1,770| ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |

63-cwt | | 5.32| 6.32| | | | | | |

| Shrapnel |1,550|1,775| ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |

| | 5.2 | 6.2 | | | | | | |

------------+-----------+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+

8-inch, | Shell |1,413|1,657|1,866| ... |2,315| ... |2,600| ... |

55-cwt. | | 4.78| 5.82| 6.90| | | | 9.70| |

and | Shrapnel |1,420|1,660| ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |

of 6,500 lbs| | 4.9 | 5.8 | | | | | | |

------------+-----------+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+

------------+-----------+-----------------------+

| | ELEVATION IN DEGREES. |

| | RANGES IN YARDS. |

| | TIME OF FLIGHT IN |

| | SECONDS. |

CLASS | |-----+-----+-----+-----+

OF | KIND OF | | | | |

GUN. |PROJECTILE.| 12 deg. | 13 deg. | 14 deg. | 15 deg. |

------------+-----------+-----+-----+-----+-----+

XV-inch |Cored shot | ... | ... | ... | ... |

|Shell | ... | ... | ... | ... |

| | | | | |

------------+-----------+-----+-----+-----+-----+

XI-inch | Shell |3,022|3,160|3,300|3,400|

| |12.15| | | |

| Shell | ... | ... | ... | ... |

| | | | | |

| Shell |3,305|3,435|3,550|3,650|

| | |14. | |16.5 |

| Shrapnel | ... | ... | ... | ... |

| | | | | |

------------+-----------+-----+-----+-----+-----+

X-inch | Shell | ... | ... | ... | ... |

| | | | | |

| Shrapnel | ... | ... | ... | ... |

------------+-----------+-----+-----+-----+-----+

IX-inch | Shell |2,927|3,045|3,190|3,357|

| | |13.5 | |14.7 |

| Shell |3,055|3,190|3,320|3,450|

| | | | | |

| Shrapnel | ... | ... | ... | ... |

| | | | | |

------------+-----------+-----+-----+-----+-----+

8-inch, | Shell | ... | ... | ... | ... |

63-cwt. | | | | | |

| Shrapnel | ... | ... | ... | ... |

| | | | | |

------------+-----------+-----+-----+-----+-----+

8-inch, | Shell | ... | ... | ... | ... |

55-cwt. | | | | | |

and | Shrapnel | ... | ... | ... | ... |

------------+-----------+-----+-----+-----+-----+

APPENDIX B.--No. VI.--_Approximate Ranges of Shot-Guns and Howitzers._

------------+-----------+----------+------+------+-----------------------+

CLASS | | WEIGHT | |HEIGHT+-----+-----+-----+-----+

OF | KIND OF | OF |CHARGE|ABOVE |P.B. | | | |

GUN. |PROJECTILE |PROJECTILE| |PLANE.|or 0 deg.| 1 deg. | 2 deg. | 3 deg. |

------------+-----------+----------+------+------+-----+-----+-----+-----+

32-pdr. | Shot | 32 | 9 | 8 | 360 | 760 |1,150|1,440|

of | | | | | 1.0 | 2.2 | 3.4 | 4.3 |

57 cwt. | Shell | 26 | 6 | ... | 370 | 780 |1,090|1,360|

| | | | | 1.04| 2.00| 3.14| 4.20|

|Shrapnel | 32 | 9 | ... | 360 | 760 |1,150|1.440|

| | | | | 1.0 | 2.2 | 3.4 | 4.3 |

------------+-----------+----------+------+------+-----+-----+-----+-----+

32-pdr. |Shot | 32 | 6 | 7-1/2| 313 | 672 | 988 |1,274|

of 42 cwt. | | | | | .90 | 2.0 | 3.0 | 4.0 |

and of |Shell | 26 | 6 | ... | 330 | 710 |1,012|1,270|

4,500 lbs. | | | | | .90 | 1.90| 3.05| 4.15|

|Shrapnel | 32 | 6 | ... | 313 | 672 | 988 |1,274|

| | | | | .8 | 1.8 | 2.8 | 3.8 |

------------+-----------+----------+------+------+-----+-----+-----+-----+

32-pdr. |Shot | 32 | 4-1/2| 7-1/2| 287 | 581 | 857 |1,140|

of 33 cwt. |Shot | 32 | 4-1/2|15-1/3| 366 | 655 | 929 |1,152|

| | | | | 1.1 | 2. | 2.9 | 3.9 |

|Shell | 26 | 4-1/2| 7-1/2| 295 | 660 | 952 |1,205|

| | | | | .90 | 1.85| 2.85| 3.85|

|Shrapnel | 32 | 4-1/2| 7-1/2| 297 | 581 | 857 |1,140|

| | | | | 1. | 1.8 | 2.7 | 3.8 |

------------+-----------+----------+------+------+-----+-----+-----+-----+

32-pdr. |Shot | 32 | 4 | 7 | 250 | 545 | 800 |1.047|

of 27 cwt. | | | | | .7 | 1.4 | 2.6 | 3.7 |

|Shell | 26 | 4 | ... | 320 | 660 | 920 |1,120|

| | | | | 1. | 1.95| 2.90| 3.85|

|Shrapnel | 32 | 4 | ... | 250 | 545 | 800 |1,047|

| | | | | .7 | 1.4 | 2.6 | 3.7 |

------------+-----------+----------+------+------+-----+-----+-----+-----+

24-pdr. |Shell | 20 | 2 | 7 | 280 | 590 | 810 | 980 |

howitzer. | | | | | .90 | 1.80| 2.75| 3.65|

|Shrapnel | 26 | 2 | ... | 255 | 555 | 790 | 960 |

| | | | | .96 | 1.92| 2.87| 3.80|

------------+-----------+----------+------+------+-----+-----+-----+-----+

12-pdr. |Shell | 10 | 1 | 7 | 270 | 516 | 730 | 875 |

heavy | | | | | 1.0 | 1.65| 2.35| 3.1 |

howitzer. |Shrapnel | 13 | 1 | ... | 250 | 500 | 700 | 870 |

| | | | | 1. | 1.9 | 2.8 | 3.7 |

------------+-----------+----------+------+------+-----+-----+-----+-----+

------------+-----------+-----------------------------------------------+

| |ELEVATION IN DEGREES. |

| |RANGES IN YARDS. |

| |TIME OF FLIGHT IN |

| |SECONDS. |

CLASS | |-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+

OF | KIND OF | | | | | | | | |

GUN. |PROJECTILE | 4 deg. | 5 deg. | 6 deg. | 7 deg. | 8 deg. | 9 deg. | 10 deg. | 11 deg. |

------------+-----------+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+

32-pdr. | Shot |1,710|1,930|2,140|2,310|2,460|2,610|2,731| ... |

of | | 5.3 | 6.6 | 7.7 | | | | 10.7| |

57 cwt. | Shell |1,620|1,850| ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |

| | 5.30| 6.40| | | | | | |

|Shrapnel |1,710|1,930| ... | ... | ... | ... |2,619| ... |

| | 5.3 | 6.6 | | | | | 10.8| |

------------+-----------+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+

32-pdr. |Shot |1,505|1,756| ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |

of 42 cwt. | | 5.0 | 6.0 | | | | | | |

and of |Shell |1,495|1,710| ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |

4,500 lbs. | | 5.32| 6.50| | | | | | |

|Shrapnel |1,505|1,756| ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |

| | 4.8 | 5.8 | | | | | | |

------------+-----------+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+

32-pdr. |Shot |1,398|1,598| ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |

of 33 cwt. | |1,385| ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |

|Shot | 4.9 | | | | | | | |

| |1,435|1,648| ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |

|Shell | 4.90| 6.00| | | | | | |

| |1,398|1,598| ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |

|Shrapnel | 4.9 | 6. | | | | | | |

------------+-----------+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+

32-pdr. |Shot |1,278|1,469|1,637| ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |

of 27 cwt. | | 4.5 | 5.4 | 6.3 | | | | | |

|Shell |1,300|1,460|1,610| ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |

| | 4.80| 5.75| 6.7 | | | | | |

|Shrapnel |1,278|1,469|1,637| ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |

| | 4.5 | 5.4 | 6.3 | | | | | |

------------+-----------+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+

24-pdr. |Shell |1,125|1,270| ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |

howitzer. | | 4.63| 5.68| | | | | | |

|Shrapnel |1.140|1,308| ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |

| | 4.75| 5.70| | | | | | |

------------+-----------+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+

12-pdr. |Shell | 990 |1,085| ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |

heavy | | 3.9 | 4.8 | | | | | | |

howitzer. |Shrapnel |1,015|1,150| ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |

| | 4.6 | 5.4 | | | | | | |

------------+-----------+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+

------------+-----------+-----------------------+

| |ELEVATION IN DEGREES. |

| |RANGES IN YARDS. |

| |TIME OF FLIGHT IN |

| |SECONDS. |

CLASS | |-----+-----+-----+-----+

OF | KIND OF | | | | |

GUN. |PROJECTILE | 12 deg. | 13 deg. | 14 deg. | 15 deg. |

------------+-----------+-----+-----+-----+-----+

32-pdr. | Shot | ... | ... | ... | ... |

of | | | | | |

57 cwt. | Shell | ... | ... | ... | ... |

| | | | | |

|Shrapnel | ... | ... | ... | ... |

| | | | | |

------------+-----------+-----+-----+-----+-----+

32-pdr. |Shot | ... | ... | ... | ... |

and of |Shell | ... | ... | ... | ... |

4,500 lbs. | | | | | |

|Shrapnel | ... | ... | ... | ... |

| | | | | |

------------+-----------+-----+-----+-----+-----+

32-pdr. |Shot | ... | ... | ... | ... |

of 33 cwt. | | ... | ... | ... | ... |

| | ... | ... | ... | ... |

| | ... | ... | ... | ... |

------------+-----------+-----+-----+-----+-----+

32-pdr. |Shot | ... | ... | ... | ... |

|Shell | ... | ... | ... | ... |

| | | | | |

|Shrapnel | ... | ... | ... | ... |

| | | | | |

------------+-----------+-----+-----+-----+-----+

24-pdr. |Shell | ... | ... | ... | ... |

|Shrapnel | ... | ... | ... | ... |

| | | | | |

------------+-----------+-----+-----+-----+-----+

12-pdr. |Shell | ... | ... | ... | ... |

howitzer. |Shrapnel | ... | ... | ... | ... |

| | | | | |

------------+-----------+-----+-----+-----+-----+

APPENDIX B.--No. VII.--_Approximate Ranges of Rifle-Guns._

------------+-----------+----------+-------+------+-----------------------+

CLASS | | WEIGHT | |HEIGHT+-----+-----+-----+-----+

OF | KIND OF | OF |CHARGE,|ABOVE |P.B. | | | |

GUN. |PROJECTILE |PROJECTILE| lbs. |PLANE.|or 0 deg.| 1 deg. | 2 deg. | 3 deg. |

------------+-----------+----------+-------+------+-----+-----+-----+-----+

| | |No. 7 | | | | | |

Parrott-- |Solid shot | 100 | 10 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |

|Hollow shot| 80 | 10 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |

| | | | | | | | |

|Long shot | 100 | 10 | ... | ... | 500 | 920 |1,400|

| | | | | | | |4-1/4|

|Short shot | 80 | 10 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |

| | | | | | | | |

|Shrapnel | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |

------------+-----------+----------+-------+------+-----+-----+-----+-----+

Parrott-- |Shot | 60 | 6 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |

60-pounder |Shell | 50 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |

|Shrapnel | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |

------------+-----------+----------+-------+------+-----+-----+-----+-----+

|Shot | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |

| | | Can. | | | | | |

Parrott-- |Shell | 29 | 3-1/4 | ... | ... | 660 |1,100|1,500|

|Shrapnel | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |

------------+-----------+----------+-------+------+-----+-----+-----+-----+

|Shot | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |

| | | Can. | | | | | |

Parrott-- |Shell | 19 | 2 | ... | ... | 600 |1,020|1,365|

20-pounder | | | Can. | | | | | |

|Shrapnel | 20 | 2 | ... | ... | 620 | 950| ... |

| | | Can. | | |1-7/8|3-1/8| |

------------+-----------+----------+-------+------+-----+-----+-----+-----+

Dahlgren-- |Shot | ... | 2 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |

20-pounder |Shell | 20 | 2 | 8 | 370 | 815 |1,155|1,440|

| | | | | 1.4 | 2.4 |3.4 | 4.5 |

------------+-----------+----------+-------+------+-----+-----+-----+-----+

| | | Can. | | | | | |

Dahlgren-- |Shot | ... | 1 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |

12-pounder |Shell | 12 | 1 | 8 | 360 | 750 |1,050|1,305|

| | | | | 1.0 | 2.0 | 3.0 | 4.0 |

------------+-----------+----------+-------+------+-----+-----+-----+-----+

------------+-----------+-----------------------------------------------------+

| |ELEVATION IN DEGREES. |

| |RANGES IN YARDS. |

| |TIME OF FLIGHT IN SECONDS. |

| | |

CLASS | |-----+-----+------+------+------+------+------+------+

OF | KIND OF | | | | | | | | |

GUN. |PROJECTILE | 4 deg. | 5 deg. | 10 deg. | 15 deg. | 20 deg. | 25 deg. | 30 deg. | 35 deg. |

------------+-----------+-----+-----+------+------+------+------+------+------+

| | | | | | | | | |

Parrott-- |Solid shot | ... |2,200|3,810 |5,030 | 6,125|6,910 | ... | ... |

100-pounder | | |6-1/2| 13 |18-1/4|22-1/2| 29 | | |

|Hollow shot| ... | ... | ... |5,190 |6,338 |7,180 |7,988 |8,453 |

| | | | | 19 | 23 |29-1/2|32-1/4|36-1/4|

|Long shot |1,700|2,150|3,700 |4,790 |5,830 |6,820 | ... | ... |

| |5-1/2|6-1/2| 13 | 18 |21-3/4| 28 | | |

|Short shot | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |7,810 | ... |

| | | | | | | |32-1/2| |

|Shrapnel | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |

------------+-----------+-----+-----+------+------+------+------+------+------|

Parrott-- |Shot | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |

60-pounder |Shell | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |

|Shrapnel | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |

------------+-----------+-----+-----+------+------+------+------+------+------|

|Shot | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |

| | | | | | | | | |

Parrott-- |Shell |1,860|2,200|3,500 | 4,800|5,700 |6,700 | ... | ... |

30-pounder | | |6-7/8|12-1/4|17-5/8|21-1/4| 27 | | |

|Shrapnel | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |

------------+-----------+-----+-----+------+------+------+------+------+------+

|Shot | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |

| | | | | | | | | |

Parrott-- |Shell |1,700|2,100|3,350 |4,400 | ... | ... | ... | ... |

20-pounder | | |6-1/2|11-1/4|17-1/4| | | | |

|Shrapnel | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |

| | | | | | | | | |

------------+-----------+-----+-----+------+------+------+------+------+------+

Dahlgren-- |Shot | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |

20-pounder |Shell |1,715|1,960| ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |

| | 5.5 | 6.5 | | | | | | |

------------+-----------+-----+-----+------+------+------+------+------+------+

| | | | | | | | | |

Dahlgren-- |Shot | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |

12-pounder |Shell |1,550|1,770| ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |

| | 5.0 | 6.0 | | | | | | |

------------+-----------+-----+-----+------+------+------+------+------+------+

APPENDIX B.--No. VIII.

_Table for Finding the Distance of an Object at Sea._[1]

To use the Table, let an observer from the cross-trees measure the

angle between the distant horizon and the enemy's water-line, and look

into the Table with that angle; opposite to it, in the column marked

distances, will be found the distance of the object in yards.

-----------+--------------------------------------------------------------+

YARDS. | HEIGHT OF THE EYE ABOVE THE LEVEL OF THE SEA, IN FEET. |

-----------+--------------------------------------------------------------+

Distance. | 20 | 30 | 40 | 50 | 60 | 70 | 80 | 90 | 100 |

-----------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+

| deg. ' | deg. ' | deg. ' | deg. ' | deg. ' | deg. ' | deg. ' | deg. ' | deg. ' |

100 | 3.44 | 5.37 | 7.29 | 9.21 |11.11 |13.00 |14.47 |16.34 |18.16 |

200 | 1.50 | 2.46 | 3.43 | 4.39 | 5.35 | 6.31 | 7.27 | 8.23 | 9.18 |

300 | 1.12 | 1.49 | 2.26 | 3.04 | 3.41 | 4.19 | 4.56 | 5.33 | 6.11 |

400 | .52 | 1.21 | 1.48 | 2.16 | 2.44 | 3.12 | 3.40 | 4.03 | 4.36 |

500 | .41 | 1.03 | 1.25 | 1.48 | 2.10 | 2.32 | 2.54 | 3.17 | 3.39 |

600 | .34 | .52 | 1.10 | 1.29 | 1.47 | 2.05 | 2.24 | 2.42 | 3.01 |

700 | .28 | .44 | 1.01 | 1.15 | 1.31 | 1.46 | 2.01 | 2.18 | 2.34 |

800 | .24 | .38 | .51 | 1.05 | 1.18 | 1.32 | 1.46 | 2.00 | 2.13 |

900 | .21 | .33 | .45 | .57 | 1.09 | 1.22 | 1.33 | 1.45 | 1.57 |

1000 | .18 | .29 | .40 | .50 | 1.01 | 1.12 | 1.23 | 1.34 | 1.45 |

1100 | .16 | .26 | .35 | .45 | .55 | 1.05 | 1.15 | 1.24 | 1.34 |

1200 | .15 | .23 | .32 | .41 | .50 | .59 | 1.08 | 1.17 | 1.26 |

1300 | .13 | .21 | .29 | .37 | .45 | .53 | 1.02 | 1.10 | 1.18 |

1400 | .12 | .19 | .27 | .34 | .41 | .49 | .57 | 1.04 | 1.12 |

1500 | .11 | .18 | .24 | .31 | .38 | .45 | .52 | .59 | 1.07 |

1600 | .10 | .16 | .22 | .29 | .35 | .42 | .48 | .55 | 1.02 |

1700 | .09 | .15 | .21 | .27 | .33 | .39 | .45 | .51 | .58 |

1800 | .08 | .14 | .19 | .25 | .31 | .36 | .42 | .48 | .54 |

1900 | .08 | .13 | .18 | .23 | .29 | .34 | .39 | .45 | .50 |

2000 | .07 | .12 | .17 | .22 | .27 | .32 | .37 | .42 | .47 |

2100 | .06 | .11 | .16 | .20 | .25 | .30 | .35 | .40 | .45 |

2200 | .06 | .10 | .15 | .19 | .24 | .28 | .33 | .38 | .42 |

2300 | .05 | .10 | .14 | .18 | .22 | .27 | .31 | .36 | .40 |

2400 | .05 | .09 | .13 | .17 | .21 | .25 | .29 | .34 | .38 |

2500 | .05 | .08 | .12 | .16 | .20 | .24 | .28 | .32 | .36 |

-----------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+

No correct use of this Table can be made when the proximity of land

may interfere with the distance of the horizon.

APPENDIX B.--No. IX.

REPORT OF TARGET PRACTICE WITH GREAT GUNS ON BOARD

U.S.S. __________________________, ______________________COMMANDING,

MADE THIS _______ DAY OF ______ 18 , AT _____________________.

} ________________________________ {

ARMAMENT } ________________________________ {

} ________________________________ {

KEY:

Column A: KIND OF PROJECTILE.

Column B: DISTANCE OF TARGET, IN YARDS.

Column C: CALIBRE OF GUN.

Column D: CLASS OF GUN.

Column E: CHARGE OF POWDER.

Column F: NUMBER OF FIRES.

Column G: LENGTH OF FUZE, IN SECONDS OF TIME.

Column H: ELEVATION OF GUN, FOR YARDS.

Column J: No. of Hits.

Column K: Short of Target.

Column L: Beyond Target.

Column M: Right of Target.

Column N: Left of Target.

Column O: At or near Proper Time.

Column P: Too soon.

Column Q: How much too soon.

Column R: Not at all.

S: No. Patches of Fuzed returned.

T: Range sufficient to burn Fuzes.

U: Range not sufficient to burn Fuzes.

V: No. FIRES DIRECT.

W: No. FIRES RICOCHET.

[Transcriber's note: table is two pages wide]

---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+

| | | | | | | |---+---+---+---+---|---+---+---+---|

| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R |

---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+

| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+

+-----------+-------+----------------------------------------

| SHELLS NOT| | |N.B.--Each kind of projectile, distance

| BURST. | | |of target (measured or estimated),

+---+---+---+ | |class of gun, and charge of powder

| | | | | |

| S | T | U | V | W | REMARKS.

+---+---+---+---+---+----------------------------------------

| | | | | |

+---+---+---+---+---+----------------------------------------

REPORT OF TARGET PRACTICE WITH SMALL-ARMS ON BOARD THE U.S.S.

------------,-------------- COMMANDING, MADE THIS-------DAY

OF--------, 18--, AT---------.

KEY:

A: DISTANCE OF TARGET, IN YARDS.

B: SIZE OF TARGET, IN FEET (SAY 6 BY 1-1/2 FEET)

C: Number Fired.

D: Number Shot in each Volley.

E: Number of Hits.

F: No. within 6 inches of Centre of Bull's-Eye.

G: WHOLE SHOTS FIRED.

H: KIND OF BALL USED.

I: CHARGES OF POWDER.

(Each kind | | | AIM | ORDER "FIRE" | G | H | I |

requires a | | +---------------+---+---+---+---+ | | |

separate line.) | | | C | E | F | C | D | E | F | | | |

------------------+---+---+----+-----+----+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+

| | | | | | | | | | | | |

------------------+---+---+----+-----+----+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+

Remarks on each kind of arm used, and the general results of practice;

names of those who made the best _average_ of shots; Officers whose

_divisions_ fired best.

APPENDIX B.--No. X.

It being of great importance to know the endurance of guns in service,

Commanding Officers are directed to fill up the blanks of the annexed

Circular issued by the Bureau of Ordnance, November 5, 1863, as far as

in their power, and forward it to the Bureau at the expiration of

every quarter.

When the "total number of fires to date" cannot be ascertained, the

number since the vessel has been in commission is to be stated.

Column A. Class of Gun

Column B. Register No.

Column C. Foundry

Column D. Date of Fabrication

Column E. Charge of Powder

Column F. Shot

Column G. Shell

Column H. Shrapnel

Column I. Grape

Column J. Canister

Column K. No. of Fires During Quarter

Column L. Total No. of Fires to Date

NAME OF VESSEL. STATION.

---------------------------- ----------------------

+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+

| A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L |

+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+

| | | | | | | | | | | | |

+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+

--------------, 186-. --------------, _Commander._

The object of this circular is to enable the Bureau to know, _at all

times_, how many rounds have been fired _from every gun in the

service_; and the following directions are to be observed in making

the quarterly return of firing:

"CLASS OF GUN."--Under this head give the kind of gun; if rifled,

state it; and if a 32-pounder or 8-inch, give the _weight_. It is not

necessary to give the position of the gun in the vessel.

"REGISTER NO."--Be careful to give the register number correctly, as

this is most important.

"FOUNDRY,"--Under this head give the initials on the base-ring.

"Date of fabrication" will be found on the right trunnion.

"Charge of powder" in pounds.

"Projectiles" to be entered under their appropriate heads in the

blank.

"Kind of fuze" to be stated.

"Number of fires during quarter," must be given _for each gun

separately_.

"Total number of fires to date," must include _all rounds fired from

each gun separately_; and each succeeding quarterly report must have

the "total number of fires to date" from the report next preceding (a

copy of which is always to be kept on board the vessel) brought

forward, added to the total for the quarter, and the aggregate placed

in the last column.

The Bureau often receives reports _with the last column left blank_,

or with "not known" written therein. Reports sent in this way are of

no value whatever to the Bureau.

If a record of the total number of fires of any gun has not been kept,

or if it cannot be ascertained from the Log, then vent-impressions of

such gun are to be taken; and the Commanding Officer must determine,

as nearly as possible, judging from these impressions, the total

number of fires, and enter the same on his return. (_See_ ORDNANCE

INSTRUCTIONS, Part III.)

The Bureau expects that all Commanding Officers will, in future, have

this return _carefully made out_; and that they will not sign or

forward one of them without first being satisfied of its correctness.

FOOTNOTES:

[1] By Lieutenant W.P. Buckner, U.S.N. See a pamphlet "On the

Determination of Distances at Sea," by Captain A.P. Ryder, R.N., for more

extended tables of this and other methods.

APPENDIX C.--No. I.

REPORT OF AN INSPECTION

_Of the U.S.-----------, -------------- Commanding,

made by -----------, this -------- day of ---------, 186-,

at --------------------._

ARMAMENT.

{-------------------------------------------------------------------}

{ }

{-------------------------------------------------------------------}

[These inspections are required to be made of each vessel--when first

commissioned and before proceeding to sea, chiefly with reference to

the completeness of her equipment and the proper stationing of her

crew; semi-annually during the cruise; and at the end of it, before

being paid off. As a general rule, the first and last inspections are

_not_ to take place alongside of the Navy Yard, but in the stream.]

1. What time has the vessel been in commission, and what

opportunities has she had for exercise and target practice?

2. Date of last inspection?

3. Date of last target practice?

4. Hours. Minutes.

{ _Gun Divisions._

Times { 1st, commanded by

in which { 2nd, " "

each { 3rd, " "

division { 4th, " "

reported { 5th, etc. " "

ready { Master's " "

for { Powder " "

action. { Engineer " "

{ Marine " "

5. Were _all_ the divisions properly prepared? If not, state what

divisions were found defective, in what particulars, and from

what causes. Include in the answer to this question the

condition of _division-boxes, spare implements, and equipments_,

and their readiness for use.

6. Are the men well skilled in the exercise of the great guns,

including working both sides at once, and in pointing and firing?

7. Time required to dismount, shift carriage, remount, load, and run

out any broadside-gun selected by the Inspecting Officer. State

its position and weight.

8. Time required to transport a gun from one side to the other, and

back, giving numbers of ports and weight of gun.

9. Time required to shift breechings, trucks, and tackles.

10. Have the prescribed arrangements been correctly made for

supplying the batteries with powder and projectiles; are the men

properly stationed for these purposes, and are they expert in the

performance of these duties? Is the supply ample, and without

confusion of charges?

11. Condition of magazines, shell-rooms, shot-lockers, and lighting

apparatus.

12. Are the men well trained in securing masts and spars, stoppering

rigging, and repairing injuries to the steering apparatus, and in

getting springs on the cables? State the time required to perform

_efficiently_ the most important of these operations; for

instance:

Bowsprit shot away, to secure foremast;

Port main rigging and main stays disabled, to secure mainmast;

To fish a lower mast and yard;

Steering apparatus disabled, what means of repairs or substitutes

prepared.

13. Are the prescribed arrangements for stopping shot-holes

complete, and the men well trained to that duty?

14. Are the arrangements for boarding and repelling boarders

efficient? Note the time required to assemble each division

properly armed. Are the boarders and others well trained in the

use of the single-stick or broadsword?

15. Is the _whole crew_ well trained in the use of small-arms, and

in company and battalion drill? If not, state the reasons

assigned. State also the condition of the armory, small-arms, and

their ammunition.

16. What is the state of the equipment and preparation of boats for

armed service? If defective, in what particulars and for what

assigned reasons?

17. Times from the call "ARM AND AWAY" to the shoving off of each

boat. Time to form a line abreast. Time required for other

evolutions. Time required to land small-arm men, from the signal

or order given when near the shore. Time to land howitzers,

specifying their weights. Time to embark them; to shift from bow

to stern. Time to load properly and fire safely three rounds. Are

the crews expert in these points?

18. Are the arrangements and apparatus for extinguishing fire

efficient? If not, state deficiencies and their causes. Times

required to get the several streams of water to the designated

point; time required for complete readiness.

19. Have the "ORDNANCE INSTRUCTIONS" been fully complied with in

this ship? State exceptions and reasons assigned, if any.

20. General condition of the vessel in point of armament, carriages,

and other ordnance equipments, and of the crew as to efficiency

for action, stating particular exceptions, if any, and what

remedies have been suggested or applied.

Ordnance Instructions for the United States Navy. 1866. Fourth edition. · 第 10 / 12 章

222. In the construction of targets for practice at sea, the chief