This eBook was prepared by Bruce Loving
SCHOOL HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA,
FROM 1584 TO THE PRESENT TIME.
BY JOHN W. MOORE.
REVISED AND ENLARGED.
PREFACE TO REVISED EDITION.
In the publication of a fourteenth edition it seems proper that
something should be said as to changes made in this work. At a
session of the North Carolina Board of Education, held November
22d, 1881, it was resolved that "the Board expressly reserve to
itself the right to require further revisions" in Moore's School
History of North Carolina, the second edition of which was then
adopted for use in the public schools.
Conforming to this requirement of the State Board of Education,
the author has diligently sought aid and counsel in the effort
to perfect this work. To Mrs. C. P. Spencer, E. J. Hale, Esq.,
of New York, and Hon. Montford McGehee, Commissioner of
Agriculture, the work is indebted for many valuable suggestions,
but still more largely to Col. W. L. Saunders, Secretary of
State, who has aided assiduously not only in its revision, but
in its progress through the press.
The teacher of North Carolina History will be greatly aided in
the work by having a wall map of North Carolina before the
class, and to this end the publishers have prepared a good and
accurate school map, which will be furnished at a special low
price.
CONTENTS.
CHAPTER.
I. Physical Description of North Carolina
II. Physical Description--Continued
III. Geological Characteristics
IV. The Indians
V. Sir Walter Raleigh
VI. Discovery of North Carolina
VII. Governor Lane's Colony
VIII. Governor White's Colony
IX. The Fate of Raleigh
X. Charles II. and the Lords Proprietors
XI. Governor Drummond and Sir John Yeamans
XII. Governor Stephens and the Fundamental Constitutions
XIII. Early Governors and their Troubles
XIV. Lord Carteret adds a New Trouble
XV. Thomas Carey and the Tuscarora War
XVI. Governor Eden and Black-Beard
XVII. Governor Gabriel Johnston
XVIII. The Pirates and Other Enemies
XIX. Governor Arthur Dobbs
XX. Governor Tryon and the Stamp Act
XXI. Governor Tryon and the Regulators
XXII. Governor Martin and the Revolution
XXIII. First Provincial Congress
XXIV. Second Provincial Congress
XXV. The Congress at Hillsboro
XXVI. Battle of Moore's Creek Bridge
XXVII. Fourth Provincial Congress Declares Independence
XXVIII. Adoption of a State Constitution
XXIX. The War Continued
XXX. Stony Point and Charleston
XXXI. Ramsour's Mill and Camden Court House
XXXII. Battle of King's Mountain
XXXIII. Cornwallis's Last Invasion
XXXIV. Battle of Guilford Court House
XXXV. Fanning and his Brutalities
XXXVI. Peace and Independence
XXXVII. The State of Franklin
XXXVIII. Formation of the Union
XXXIX. France and America
XL. The Federalists and the Republicans
XLI. Closing of the Eighteenth Century
XLII. Growth and Expansion
XLIII. Second War with Great Britain
XLIV. After the Storm
XLV. The Whigs and the Democrats
XLVI. The Condition of the State
XLVII. The Courts and the Bar
XLVIII. Origin of the Public Schools
XLIX. Slavery and Social Development
L. The Mexican War
LI. The North Carolina Railway and the Asylums
LII. A Spectre of the Past Re-appears
LIII. The Social and Political Status
LIV. President Lincoln and the War
LV. The War Between the States
LVI. The Combat Deepens
LVII. The War Continues
LVIII. War and its Horrors
LIX. The Death Wound at Gettysburg
LX. General Grant and his Campaign
LXI. North Carolina and Peace-making
LXII The War Draws to a Close
LXIII. Concluding Scenes of the War
LXIV. Refitting the Wreck
LXV. Governor Worth and President Johnson
LXVI. Results of Reconstruction
LXVII Results of Reconstruction--Continued
LXVIII. Impeachment of Governor Holden
LXIX. Resumption of Self-Government
LXX. The Cotton Trade and Factories
LXXI. Progress of Material Development
LXXII. The Railroads and New Towns
LXXIII. Literature and Authors
LXXIV. The Colleges and Schools
LXXV. Conclusion
APPENDIX.
Constitution of North Carolina
Questions on the Constitution
HINTS TO TEACHERS.
It is well known that any subject can be more thoroughly taught
when both the eye and the mind of the pupil are used as mediums
for imparting the knowledge; and the teacher of "North Carolina
History" will find a valuable help in a wall map of the State
hung in convenient position for reference while the history
class is reciting.
Require the pupils to go to the map and point out localities
when mentioned, also places adjoining; trace the courses of the
rivers which have a historical interest, and name important
towns upon their banks. A good, reliable wall map of North
Carolina can he procured at a moderate price from the publishers
of this work.
It has been deemed proper to make the chapters short, that each
may form one lesson. At the close of each chapter will be found
questions upon the main points of the lesson. These will
furnish thought for many other questions which will suggest
themselves to the teacher. There are many small matters of local
State history which can be given with interest to the class,
from time to time, as appropriate periods are reached. These
minor facts could not be included in the compass of a school
book, but a teacher will be helped by referring occasionally to
"Moore's Library History of North Carolina."
Inspire your pupils with a spirit of patriotism and love for
their native State. A little effort in this direction will show
you how easily it can be done. In every boy and girl is a
latent feeling of pride in whatever pertains to the welfare of
their native State, and this feeling should be cultivated and
enlarged, and thus the children make better citizens when grown.
The history of our State is filled with events which, told to
the young, will fix their attention, and awaken a desire to know
more of the troubles and noble deeds of the people who laid the
foundation of this Commonwealth.
The Appendix contains the present "Constitution of North Carolina."
Then follows a series of "Questions on the Constitution," prepared
expressly for this work by Hon. Kemp P. Battle, LL. D., President
of the University of North Carolina. This is an entirely new and
valuable feature in a school book, and contains an analysis of our
State government. This is just the information that every citizen of
North Carolina ought to possess, and teachers should require all
their students of this history to read and study the Constitution
and endeavor to answer the questions thereon.
No State in the Union possesses a record of nobler achievements
than North Carolina. Her people have always loved liberty for
themselves, and they offered the same priceless boon to all who
came within her borders; and it was a full knowledge of this
trait of our people which made Bancroft say "North Carolina was
settled by the freest of the free."
CHAPTER I.
PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION OF NORTH CAROLINA.
The State of North Carolina is included between the parallels
34° and 362° north latitude, and between the meridians 752° and
842° west longitude. Its western boundary is the crest of the
Smoky Mountains, which, with the Blue Ridge, forms a part of the
great Appalachian system, extending almost from the mouth of the
St. Lawrence to the Gulf of Mexico; its eastern is the Atlantic
Ocean. Its mean breadth from north to south is about one hundred
miles; its extreme breadth is one hundred and eighty-eight miles.
The extreme length of the State from east to west is five hundred
miles. The area embraced within its boundaries is fifty-two
thousand two hundred and eighty-six square miles.
2. The climate of North Carolina is mild and equable. This is
due in part to its geographical position; midway, as it were,
between the northern and southern limits of the Union. Two other
causes concur to modify it; the one, the lofty Appalachian chain,
which forms, to some extent, a shield from the bleak winds of the
northwest; the other, the softening influence of the Gulf Stream,
the current of which sweeps along near its shores.
3. The result of these combined causes is shown in the character
of the seasons. Fogs are almost unknown; frosts occur not until
the middle of October; ice rarely forms of a sufficient thickness
to be gathered; snows are light, seldom remaining on the ground
more than two or three days. The average rainfall is about fifty-
three inches, which is pretty uniformly distributed throughout
the year. The climate is eminently favorable to health and
longevity.
4. The State falls naturally into three divisions or sections--
the Western or Mountain section, the Middle or Piedmont section,
and the Eastern or Tidewater section. The first consists of
mountains, many of them rising to towering heights, the highest,
indeed, east of the Rocky Mountains. It is bounded on the east
by the Blue Ridge and on the west by the Smoky Mountains. The
section inclosed within these limits is in shape somewhat like an
ellipse. Its length is about one hundred and eighty miles; its
average breadth from twenty to fifty miles. It is a high
plateau, from the plane of which many lofty mountains everywhere
rise, and on its border the culminating points of the Appalachian
system--the Roau, the Grandfather and the Black--lift their heads
to the sky. Between the mountains are fertile valleys,
plentifully watered by streams, many of them remarkable for their
beauty. The mountains themselves are wooded, except a few which
have prairies on their summits, locally distinguished as "balds."
This section has long been one of the favorite resorts of the
tourist and the painter.
5. The Middle section lies between the Blue Ridge and the falls
where the rivers make their descent into the great plain which
forms the Eastern section of the State. Its area comprises
nearly one-half of the territory of the State. Throughout the
greater part it presents an endless succession of hills and
dales, though the surface near the mountains is of a bolder and
sometimes of a rugged cast. The scenery of this section is as
remarkable for quiet, picturesque beauty, as that of the Western
is for sublimity and grandeur.
6. The Eastern section is a Champaign country; relieved, however,
by gentle undulations. Its breadth is about one hundred miles.
Its principal beauty lies in its river scenery and extensive
water prospects.
7. The cultivated productions of the Mountain section are corn,
wheat, oats, barley, hay, tobacco, fruits and vegetables. Cattle
are also reared quite extensively for market. In the Middle
section are found all the productions of the former, and over the
southern half cotton appears as the staple product. In the
Eastern section cotton, corn, oats and rice are staple crops, and
the "trucking business" (growing fruits and vegetables for the
Northern markets), constitutes a flourishing industry. The
lumber business, and the various industries to which the long-
leaf pine gives rise, tar, pitch and turpentine, have long been,
and still continue to be, great resources of wealth for this
section. Of the crops produced in the United States all are
grown in North Carolina except sugar and some semi-tropical
fruits, as the orange, the lemon and the banana. The wine grapes
of America may be said to have their home in North Carolina; four
of them, the Catawba, Isabella, Lincoln and Scuppernong,
originated here.
8. The physical characteristics of the State will be better
understood by picturing to the mind its surface as spread out
upon a vast declivity, sloping down from the summits of the Smoky
Mountains, an altitude of near seven thousand feet, to the ocean
level. Through the range of elevation thus afforded, the plants
and trees (or what is comprehended under the term flora) vary
from those peculiar to Alpine regions to those peculiar to semi-
tropical regions.
9. The variety of trees is most marked, including all those which
yield timber employed in the useful and many of those employed in
the ornamental arts. Indeed, nearly all the species found in the
United States, east of the Rocky Mountains, are found in North
Carolina. Her wealth in this respect will be appreciated when
the striking fact is mentioned that there are more species of
oaks in North Carolina than in all the States north of us, and
only one less than in all the Southern States east of the
Mississippi. This range of elevation affords also a great
variety of medicinal herbs. In fact, the mountains of North
Carolina are the 'storehouse' of the United States for plants of
this description.
QUESTIONS.
1. Of what does this chapter treat? Give the latitude and
longitude of North Carolina. What are its eastern and western
boundaries? Give its dimensions.
2. What is said of the climate of North Carolina? Name the
causes of this mildness of climate.
3. What is said of the seasons? Of fogs, snow and ice? Of the
rainfall?
4. Into how many natural divisions is the State formed? Name
them. Describe the Mountain section. Point it out on the map.
5. Give a description of the Middle or Piedmont section. Locate
this section on the map.
6. What is said of the Eastern or 'Tidewater' section? Point it
out on the map.
7. What are some of the productions of the Mountain section? Of
the Piedmont? Of the Tidewater? What is said of the grapes of
North Carolina?
8. How may the physical characteristics of the State be easily understood?
9. What is said of the plants and trees? What further is said of
this particular branch of North Carolina's wealth?