=squince,= the quinsy. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. iii, c. 22, § 3;

‘_Squinantia_, the Squince or Squinancie’, Florio; also _squincy_,

‘_Esquinance_, the Squincy’, Cotgrave; ‘Shall we not be suspected for

the murder, And choke with a hempen squincy’, Randolph, The Jealous

Lovers (ed. 1634, p. 54). ME. _squynesy_, ‘squinancia’ (Prompt. EETS.

431). Sec Dict. (s.v. Quinsy).

=squinny, squiny,= to look asquint. King Lear, iv. 6. 140; ‘How

scornfully she squinnies’, Shirley, Sisters, ii. 2 (Antonio). In prov.

use in various parts of England (EDD.).

=squire, squier,= a ‘square’, a rule for measuring, Wint. Tale, iv. 4.

348; _by the squire_, by exact rule, B. Jonson, Tale of a Tub, iv. 2

(Pan). ME. _squire_, a carpenter’s instrument (Chaucer, C. T. D. 2090).

F. ‘_esquierre_, a rule or square’ (Cotgr.).

=staddle,= a prop, support. Spenser, F. Q. i. 6. 14; a young growing

tree left standing in a wood after the underwood has been cut away,

Bacon, Essay 29, § 5; id., Henry VII (ed. Lumby, 72). See EDD. OE.

_staþol_, a foundation, firm support.

=staffe,= a stave, a stanza; ‘_Staffe_ . . . The Italian called it

_Stanza_’, Puttenham, Eng. Poesie, bk. ii, c. 2 (Of proportion in

Staffe).

=staffier,= a lacquey, a footman. Butler, Hud. ii. 2. 651. F.

‘_estaffier_, a lackey or footboy, that runs by the stirrup; a

servingman that waits afoot, while his master rides; _estaphe_, a

stirrup’ (Cotgr.); Ital. _staffiere_, ‘a lacquey, that runs by a man’s

stirrup’; _staffa_, ‘a kind of stirrup for a saddle’ (Florio). Of Germ.

origin, cp. G. _stapfe_, a foot-step.

=staggers,= a sudden fit of giddiness, vertigo. Beaumont and Fl., Mad

Lover, i. 1 (Calis); Cymbeline, v. 5. 234; All’s Well, ii. 3. 170; a

disease in horses indicated by staggering and falling down, Taming

Shrew, iii. 2. 55.

=stakker,= to stagger. Morte Arthur, leaf 232, back, 6; bk. x, c. 30;

and in Palsgrave. ME. _stakeren_, to stagger (Chaucer, Leg. G. W. 2687).

Norw. dial. _stakra_, to stagger (Aasen).

=stale,= a station where one lies in wait for birds; ‘Stale for foules

takynge’, Palsgrave; _to lie in stale_, to lie in wait or ambush, ‘As I

lay in stale To fight with the duke Richard’s eldest son, I was

destroy’d’, Mirror for Mag., 366 (Nares); Stanyhurst, Desc. Ireland

(Halliwell). ME. _staal_, of fowlynge or of byrdys takynge ‘stacionaria’

(Prompt. EETS. 432). OF. _estal_, place, séjour, arrêt; _prendre son

estal_, prendre position (Didot), Anglo-F. _estal_ (Ch. Rol. 1108,

2319).

=stale,= a decoy; a bird or something in the form of a bird set up to

allure a bird of prey; ‘The fowler’s stale the appearance of which

brings but others to the net’, Cap of Gray Hairs (ed. 1688, p. 96); see

Halliwell; Mirrour for Mag. (Nares); Sidney, Arcadia, ii, p. 169

(Nares); an object of allurement, Spenser, F. Q. vi. 10. 3; Tempest, iv.

1. 187; a device, trick, F. Q. ii. 1. 4; a laughing-stock, Titus And. i.

2. 241. In prov. use in Lincolnsh., see EDD. (s.v. Stale, sb.^{1}).

Anglo-F. _estale_, ‘appeau, oiseau qui sert à attirer les autres’

(Vocab. to Bozon).

=stale,= the shaft of an arrow, Chapman, tr. Iliad, iv. 173; the shaft

of a javelin, Nomenclator (Nares). In prov. use in the sense of a shaft,

a long slender handle, see EDD. (s.v. Stale, sb.^{2} 1). See =stele.=

=stale,= the urine of horses and cattle, Ant. and Cl. i. 4. 62 to

urinate, Butler, Hud. iii. 1. 152; ‘_Escloy_, urine, stale’, Cotgrave.

In prov. use, see EDD. (s.v. Stale, vb.^{3}). OF. _estaler_, to stale

(of horses), see Godefroy. Of Germ, origin, cp. Dan. _stalle_, Swed.

_stalla_, to urinate; cp. G. _stallen_ (used of horses); _stall_, urine.

=stale,= stalemate, at chess; ‘Like a stale at chess, where it is no

mate, but yet the game cannot stir’, Bacon, Essay 12.

=stale,= to render stale, to make common and worthless. Coriol. i. 1.

95; Ant. and Cl. ii. 2. 240; Jul. Caesar, i. 2. 73; _a stale_, a

prostitute, harlot, Much Ado, ii. 2. 26; iv. 1. 66.

=stall,= to forestall. B. Jonson, Sejanus, iii. 1 (Tiberius); Massinger,

Bashful Lover, iv. 3.

=stall,= to install set in authority, Richard III, i. 3. 206; ‘And

stawled gods doe condiscend’, Turbervile, The Lover excuseth himself.

_Stalled to the rogue_ (Cant Phrase), admitted as a recognized thief,

Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 (Moll); Harman, Caveat, p. 34. The

master-thief admitted a rogue with the ceremony of pouring a quart of

beer over his head, and using a formula of words.

=stall,= to stick fast; ‘When his cart was stalled (he) lay flat on his

back and cried aloud, Help, Hercules!’, Burton, Anat. Mel., p. 222

(Nares). In prov. use in the north country and Midlands, see EDD. (s.v.

Stall, vb. 20).

=stalled,= _pp._; ‘Dole perpetuall, From whence he never should be quit,

nor stal’d’ (rimes with _cal’d_), Spenser, Mother Hubberd, 1245. Meaning

doubtful.

=stalling ken,= a house for receiving stolen goods (Cant). Middleton,

Roaring Girl, v. 1 (Tearcat); _stauling ken_, Harman, Caveat, p. 83; B.

Jonson, Gipsies Metamorphosed (Jackman).

=stammel, stamel,= a kind of woollen cloth, of a red colour. Beaumont

and Fl., Little French Lawyer, i. 1 (Cleremont); Chapman, Mons. D’Olive,

ii. 1 (D’Ol.). See Nares and Halliwell.

=stamp,= a stamped coin, a coin. Merry Wives, iii. 4. 16; Macbeth, iv.

3. 153.

=stand.= _It stands me upon_, it is incumbent on me, it is important to

me, I ought. _It standeth thee upon_, Lyly, Euphues, p. 271.

=standard,= a standing-bowl. Greene, Looking Glasse, v. 1 (1858); p.

141, col. 2.

=stander-grass, standard-grass, stander-wort, standle-wort,= _Orchis

mascula_, and other allied plants. _Standelwort_, or _Standergrass_,

Lyte’s Dodoens, bk. ii, ch. 56; _Royal Standergrass_, or Palma Christi,

id., ch. 59; ‘_Foul standergrass_’, Fletcher, Faithful Shepherdess, ii.

2 (Clorin).

=staniel,= a kind of hawk, considered as of inferior value, Twelfth Nt.

ii. 5. 124; hence, a coward, Lady Alimony, i. 3 (Haxter); hence

_stanielry_, cowardice, id., v. 2. 17. In prov. use in the north country

for the kestrel or windhover, see EDD. (s.v. Stannel). OE. _stangella_,

used to translate L. _pellicanus_ in Ps. ci. 7 (Vesp. Psalter). See

notes on Eng. Etym.

=stank,= weary. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Sept., 47. Ital. _stanco_, weary.

=stare,= a starling. Chapman, tr. of Iliad, xvi. 541; Middleton, Game at

Chess, iv. 2 (B. Knight). In prov. use in Ireland and in various parts

of England (EDD.). ME. _stare_, a starling (Chaucer, Parl. Foules, 348);

OE. _stær_: ‘tuoege staras’ (Lind. Gosp., Matt. x. 29, rendering of

Vulgate _duo passeres_).

=stare,= to bristle up; said of hair. Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § 56. 11;

§ 98. 4; Jul. Caesar, iv. 3. 280. In prov. use: they say in Herts, ‘It

will make her (a cow’s) hair to stare’, see EDD. (s.v. Stare, vb. 4).

Cp. G. _starren_, to bristle.

=stark,= stout, sturdy. Sir T. Wyatt (Nares); stiff (used in speaking of

a dead body), 1 Hen. IV, v. 3. 42; Romeo, iv. 1. 103; Cymbeline, iv. 2.

209; _starkly_, stiffly (as in a dead body), Meas. for M. iv. 2. 70. In

common prov. use in the north country in the two meanings (1) stout,

sturdy, and (2) stiff, esp. through rheumatism (EDD.). OE. _stearc_,

stiff, rigid; rough, strong (B. T.); Icel. _sterkr_, strong. See

=storken.=

=startups,= rustic shoes with high tops, or half-gaiters; ‘_Guestres_

[gaiters], startups, high shooes, or gamashes for countrey folks’,

Cotgrave; Hall, Satires, book vi; Fletcher, Faithful Shepherdess, ii. 4

(Cloe). See Nares. In prov. use in the Midlands (EDD.).

=state,= high rank, dignity. 3 Hen. VI, iii. 2. 93; _chair of state_, a

canopied chair, dais, or throne for a king, 3 Hen. VI, i. 1. 51; Hen.

VIII, iv. 1. 67; _state_ = _chair of state_, Twelfth Nt. ii. 5. 51;

Coriol. v. 24; Macbeth, iii. 4. 5; _states_, persons of high rank, Cymb.

iii. 4. 39; _state_, an estate, Beaumont and Fl., Wit without Money, i.

1. 7; Rule a Wife, iii. 5 (Leon).

=statist,= a statesman, politician. Hamlet, v. 2. 33; Beaumont and Fl.,

Laws of Candy, ii. 1 (Gonzalo); Webster, Appius, i. 3 (Virginius). Ital.

_statista_ (Florio).

=statua,= a statue. Jul. Caesar, iii. 2. Bacon, Essay 27, § 6, and 45, §

3; a picture, Massinger, City Madam, v. 3 (Sir John, 15th speech). L.

_statua_, an image, statue (commonly made of metal).

=statuminate,= to prop up. B. Jonson, New Inn, ii. 2 (Tipto). L.

_statumino_ (Pliny).

=statute-caps,= woollen caps, which, by a statute of 1571, citizens were

enjoined to wear on holydays. L. L. L. v. 2. 281. Also, the wearers of

such caps, citizens, Middleton, Family of Love, v. 3 (Dryfat). See

Nares.

=statute-lace,= lace made according to a law that regulated its width

and material. Massinger, Parl. of Love, iv. 5 (Perigot).

=statute-merchant,= or =statute-staple,= a bond acknowledged before one

of the clerks of the _statute-merchant_, and mayor of the _staple_, or

chief warden of the City of London, or other sufficient men; see

quotation from Blount, in Nares. ‘His lands be engaged in twenty

statutes staple’, Middleton, Family of Love, i. 3 (Glister); cp.

Marston, Scourge of Villainy, Sat. iii. 110.

=stauling ken;= see =stalling ken.=

=staunce,= disagreement. Gascoigne, Supposes, ii. 4 (Dulipo). See

=distance.=

=stead,= to stand in good stead; ‘Necessaries which since have steaded

much’, Temp. i. 2. 165; to be of use to, benefit, help, Gent. Ver. ii.

1. 124; Othello, i. 3. 344; _stead up_, to take a person’s place (in an

arrangement), Meas. for M. iii. 1. 261.

=steaming;= see =steming.=

=sted,= a bedstead. Dryden, tr. of Virgil, Georgies, ii. 726.

=stedy,= an anvil. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 149, back, 30. This form

for ‘stithy’ is in prov. use in the north country, see EDD. (s.v.

Stiddy). Icel. _steði_. See =stithy.=

=steenkirk,= a loose cravat of fine lace. Vanbrugh, The Relapse, i. 3

(Sempstress); Congreve, Love for Love, i. 2 (Scandal). Named with

reference to the battle of Steenkerke (1692). See Stanford.

=stele,= the shaft of an arrow, Ascham, Toxophilus, p. 123; the handle

of a rake, Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § 24. 19; ‘Steale or handell of a

staffe, _manche_’, Palsgrave. This word in many spellings is in common

prov. use in Scotland and England for a shaft or handle, esp. a long

straight handle, see EDD. (s.v. Steal, sb.^{2}). ME. _stele_, or sterte

of a vessel, ‘ansa’ (Prompt. EETS. 434). OE. _stela_, a stalk. See

=stale= (3).

=stelled,= fixed; ‘A face where all distress is stell’d’, Lucrece, 1444;

_stelled fires_, fixed stars, King Lear, iii. 7. 61. ‘To stell’ is in

prov. use in Scotland in the sense of to place, set, fix, see EDD. (s.v.

Stell, vb. 7). OE. _stellan_, to place.

=stellionate,= fraudulent dealing. Bacon, Henry VII, ed. Lumby, p. 62.

L. _stellionatus_, trickery; from _stellio_, a knave.

=stem,= to keep in, enclose. Spelt _stemme_, Spenser, F. Q. vi. 10. 12.

Icel. _stemma_, to stop, dam up.

=steming,= shining, bright; ‘Two stemyng eyes’, Sir T. Wyatt, Sat. i.

53; ‘With skouling steaming eyes’, Phaer, tr. of Aeneid, vi. 300 (L.

_stant lumina flamma_). ME. _steeme_, or lowe of fyre, ‘flamma’ (Prompt.

EETS. 434); _stem_: ‘A stem Als it were a sunnebem’ (Havelok, 591).

=stench,= ‘staunch’, firm; hence, continent. Lady Alimony, iii. 3

(Sea-song, st. 5). See EDD. (s.v. Staunch, adj. 10 and 11).

=stene, steane,= a stone jar or pitcher. Spelt _stene_, Udall, tr. of

Apoph., Aristippus, § 17; _steane_, Spenser, F. Q. vii. 7. 42. ‘Stean’

is in prov. use in various parts of England, see EDD. (s.v. 3). ME.

_steene_, a pitcher, earthenware vessel, Trevisa, tr. Higden, bk. i, c.

41; OE. _stǣna_, an earthenware jug (Sweet).

=stent,= to leave off, to cause to cease. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 4. 12; to

cease, pt. t., Sackville, Mirror for Mag., Induction, st. 32. In common

prov. use in Scotland, see EDD. (s.v. Stent, vb.^{1} 2). ME. _stenten_,

to cease, to cause to cease (Chaucer). See =stint.=

=stepony;= see =stiponie.=

=stept in age,= advanced in years. Ascham, Scholemaster, p. 152. OE.

_stæppan_, _steppan_, to proceed, advance (B. T.).

=stern,= the hinder part of an object; used of the tail of a dragon.

Spenser, F. Q. i. 1. 18; i. 11. 28. The same word as _stern_, the hinder

part of a ship. Hence _sternage_, steerage, Hen. V, iii, Prol. 18. Icel.

_stjōrn_, a steering, hence, the steering-place.

=sterve,= to die. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 6. 34; Fairfax, Tasso, ii. 17. ME.

_sterve_, to die, esp. to die of famine (Chaucer, C. T. A. 1249; C. T.

C. 451). OE. _steorfan_, to die; cp. G. _sterben_.

=stethva,= a congress of Welsh bards. Drayton, Pol. iv. 177. Welsh

_eisteddfod_.

=steven,= voice, outcry. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Sept., 224; _steuyn_,

Skelton, ed. Dyce, i. 130, l. 144. In common prov. use in the north

country, see EDD. (s.v. Steven, sb.^{1} 1 and 2). ME. _stevene_, voice

(Chaucer, C. T. A. 2562). OE. _stefn_.

=stick-free,= sword-proof, invulnerable to a sword-thrust. Burton, Anat.

Mel., Of Witches and Magicians (ed. Shilleto, 1. 233); Shirley, Young

Admiral, iv. 1 (ed. 1637). See Mod. Lang. Notes, June, 1912. G.

_stichfrei_, sword-proof.

=stickle,= to interpose between combatants, and separate them when they

had sufficiently satisfied the laws of honour, to act as umpire between

combatants; ‘I styckyll betwene wrastellers . . . to se that none do

other wronge, or I parte folkes that be redy to fyght’, Palsgrave; ‘(The

angel) stickles betwixt the remainders of God’s hosts and the race of

fiends’, Dryden, Ded. Trans. Juvenal; _to be stickled_, to be settled by

a ‘stickler’, Drayton, Muses’ Elysium, Nymph. 6. Hence _stickler_, Tr.

and Cr. v. 8. 18; Florio, Montaigne, ii. 27; Dryden, Oliver Cromwell,

41. ME. _stihtlen_, to order, arrange, as a steward or a master of the

ceremonies (P. Plowman, C. xvi. 40). See Nares, Trench, Select Glossary

(ed. 1890), and Dict.

=sticklebag,= a ‘stickleback’, a small fish. Beaumont and Fl., Wit at

several Weapons, v. 1 (Pompey).

=stigmatic,= one branded with infamy, Webster, White Devil (Flamineo),

ed. Dyce, p. 26; one branded by nature with deformity, 2 Hen. VI, v. 1.

215; 3 Hen. VI, ii. 2. 136; also, _stigmatical_, Com. Errors, iv. 2. 22.

Gk. στιγματικός, branded with a mark (στίγμα).

=stike,= a ‘stich’, a verse. Sackville, Induction, st. 21. Gk. στίχος, a

row, a line.

=still,= to ‘distil’, to fall in drops. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 7. 35.

=stillatory,= a still-room, for keeping distilled waters. Beaumont and

Fl., Faithful Friends, iv. 3 (near end). Late L. _stillatorium_, from

_stillare_, to fall in drops.

=Stilliard,= the Steelyard; the place of business used by the German

merchants in London. Westward Ho, ii. 1 (Justiniano); _Stilyard

merchants_, merchants of the Steelyard, Stow’s Survey (ed. Thoms, p.

88). See Notes and Queries, 10 S. vi. 413, and Dict. (s.v. Steelyard,

1).

=stint,= to cause to cease. Timon, v. 4. 83; to cease, Pericles, iv. 4.

42; Spenser, F. Q. i. 9. 29; Mother Hubberd, 1092. ME. _stinte_, to

cease, to cause to cease (Chaucer). See M. and S. (s.v. Stynten). OE.

_styntan_, to make dull, ‘_hebetare_’ (B. T.). See =stent.=

=stint,= some kind of bird. Drayton, Pol. xxv. 339. In prov. use for

various kinds of birds, the dunlin, the sandpiper, and the linnet

(EDD.).

=stiponie.= ‘_Stipone_, a kind of sweet compound liquor drunk in some

ill places in London in the summer-time’, Blount, Glossographia, p. 612.

‘Do you not understand the mystery of stiponie, Jenny? _Maid._ I know

how to make democuana, sir’, Etherege, Love in a Tub, v. 4 (Sir

Frederick); also spelt _stepony_, see Dict. Rusticum, Urbanicum et

Botanicum, ed. 3, 1726, where the receipt for brewing this sweet liquor

is given; see Notes and Queries, 6 S. iv. 155.

=stire, styre,= to guide, direct. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 1. 7; ii. 5. 2. OE.

_stȳran_, to direct, steer. See Dict. (s.v. Steer).

=stirp,= a stem, stock, family. Bacon, Essay 14, § 1. L. _stirps_, a

stem.

=stitch,= a space between two double furrows in ploughed land; a ridge.

Chapman, tr. of Iliad, xviii. 495; Odyssey, viii. 171. In the latter

passage, a _stitch’s_ length may mean a furrow’s length or furlong. This

word is in prov. use in various parts of England for a narrow ridge of

land, as much land as lies between two furrows; a balk or portion of

grass-land in an arable field; see EDD. (s.v. Stitch, sb.^{1} 8 and 9).

=stitch,= a sudden cramp; hence, a contortion, a grimace. Beaumont and

Fl., Captain, ii. 2 (Frederick).

=stitchel,= a troublesome fellow; a term of reproach. Lady Alimony, v.

3. 13 (Wife). A Linc. word for a troublesome child, see EDD. (s.v.

Stetchel).

=stithy,= an anvil, Hamlet, iii. 2. 80 (some edd. have _stith_); to

forge, ‘The forge that stithied Mars his helm’, Tr. and Cr. iv. 5. 255.

In prov. use (EDD.). ME. _stith_, an anvil (Chaucer, C. T. A. 2026).

Icel. _steði_. See =stedy.=

=stoccata,= a thrust, in fencing. Romeo, iii. i. 77; _stoccado_, Merry

Wives, ii. 1. 234; _stockado_, Marston, Sat. i. 132. Ital. _stoccata_, a

thrust, a stoccado given with a _stócco_ (a tuck or short-arming sword);

see Florio; Span. _estocáda_, a thrust with a weapon, a stab (Stevens).

=stock,= to hit with the point of a sword; ‘A chevalier would stock a

needle’s point Three times together’, Fletcher, Love’s Cure, iii. 4

(Alvarez); a thrust in fencing, Marston, Malcontent, ii. 2 (Malevole);

Antonio, Pt. II, i. 2 (Matzagente). F. _estoc_, ‘a rapier or tuck, also,

a thrust; _coup d’estoc_, a thrust, stockado, stab’ (Cotgr.). See

=stuck.=

=stock,= nether-stock or stocking. Greene, Description of Chaucer, 3

(ed. Dyce, p. 320). In prov. use in Yorks. and Norfolk (see EDD., s.v.

Stock, 18).

=stock-fish,= dried haddock or cod; ‘Haddockes or hakes indurate and

dryed with coulde, and beaten with clubbes or _stockes_, by reason

whereof the Germayns caule them _stockefyshe_’, R. Eden, Works (ed.

Arber, p. 303); Temp. iii. 2. 79; Meas. iii. 2. 116. The reason for the

name is uncertain; Koolman gives the Low G. form as _stok-fisk_, and

thinks they were so called because dried upon _stocks_ or poles in the

sun.

=stoin,= to be astonished or astounded; ‘I stoinid’, Phaer, Aeneid ii,

774; iii. 48 (L. _obstupui_). See =astonied.=

=stomach,= courage, Udall, Roister Doister, iv. 7. 8, 15; 2 Hen. IV, i.

1. 129; Hamlet, i. 1. 100; proud or arrogant spirit, Hen. VIII, iv. 2.

34; resentment, angry temper, King Lear, v. 3. 75; to resent, to be

angry, Ant. and Cl. iii. 4. 12; Marlowe, Edw. II, i. 2. 26. In prov. use

for courage, pride, anger, bad temper (EDD.). Cp. Span. and Port.

_estomago_, courage, valour, resolution; L. _stomachus_, displeasure,

irritation, _stomachari_, to be irritated, out of humour.

=stond,= a stop, impediment, hindrance. Bacon, Essays 40 and 50. ‘To

stand’, to bring to a stop, in prov. use in Surrey and Sussex: ‘I’ve

seen a wagon stood in the snow’; see EDD. (s.v. Stand, 7).

=stone-bow,= a cross-bow from which stones could be shot. Twelfth Night,

ii. 5. 51; Beaumont and Fl., Philaster, iv. 2. 9.

=stool-ball,= a game formerly popular among young women. Middleton,

Women beware, iii. 3 (Isabella); Two Noble Kinsmen, v. 2. 101; Chapman,

tr. of Odyssey, vi. 139. The idea of the game was much like that of

cricket. A stool was the wicket; the hand was used as a bat, to defend

it from the ball. See Strutt’s Sports. The game is still played in many

parts of England, and in almost every village in Sussex (EDD.).

=stoop,= a post, pillar. Tancred and Gismunda, iv. 2 (Tancred), in

Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vii. 66; ‘You glorious martyrs, you illustrious

stoops’, Quarles, Emblems, v. 10; ‘Stoulpe before a doore, _souche_’,

Palsgrave; _stulpe_, Stow, Survey, Bridge Ward Within (ed. Thoms, 79).

The word is in gen. prov. use in Scotland and England in various forms:

_stoup_, _stowp_, _stolpe_, _stulp_(_e_, see EDD. (s.v. Stoop, sb.^{1}).

ME. _stulp_, or stake, ‘paxillus’ (Prompt. EETS. 444, see note, no.

2171). Icel. _stōlpi_, a post, pillar, cp. _Stōlpa-sund_, the Pillar

Sound, the Sound of the Pillars of Hercules, the Straits of Gibraltar.

=stoop,= to swoop downwards as a bird of prey on its quarry; ‘The bird

of Jove, stooped from his aery tour, Two birds . . . before him drove’,

Milton, P. L. xi. 185; used _fig._, B. Jonson, Alchemist, v. 3

(Lovewit); used trans., to pounce upon, seize, ‘The hawk that stooped my

pheasant’, Webster, Northward Ho, v. 1 (Mayberry); ‘Teach it (my spirit)

to stoop whole kingdoms’, Fletcher, Hum. Lieutenant, i. 1 (Demetrius).

=stoor,= strong, robust, sturdy, Ascham, Toxophilus, p. 129. In prov.

use in Scotland, see EDD. (s.v. Stour). ME. _stoore_, or herd, or

boystows, ‘austerus, rigidus’ (Prompt. EETS. 439). Icel. _stōrr_, rough,

great. See =stowre.=

=stooved,= kept in a warm chamber; ‘Myrtles, if they be stooved’, Bacon,

Essay 46. From _stoove_ = _stove_.

=storken,= to stiffen, to congeal, coagulate; ‘Storken, _congelari_’,

Levins, Manip. In common use in the north country (EDD.). Icel.

_storkna_, to coagulate. See =stark.=

=stork’s bill,= a gesture of scorn; ‘This sanna, or stork’s bill’, B.

Jonson, Cynthia’s Revels, v. 2 (Amorphus). Cp. L. _ciconia_, (1) a

stork; (2) a derisory bending of the fingers in form of a stork’s bill

(Persius).

=stound, stownd,= time, occasion, moment. Spenser, F. Q. i. 8. 38; Shep.

Kal., Oct., 49. The ‘Glosse’ to Shep. Kal., May, 257, has ‘_stounds_,

fittes’, i.e. attacks of illness. In prov. use (EDD.). ME. _stounde_,

hour, time (Chaucer, C. T. A. 1212), OE. _stund_. See =stowne.=

=stoup,= a stoop, a low bow, a condescending movement. B. Jonson,

Alchem. iv. 2 (Face); ‘Now observe the stoops, The bendings, and the

falls’, id., Sejanus, i. 1 (Silius).

=stour, stowre,= a conflict, battle, contest; trouble, confusion,

disturbance; danger, peril. The word is used in all these meanings by

Spenser: F. Q. i. 2. 7; i. 3. 30; i. 4. 46; iii. 1. 34; iii. 2. 6; iii.

3. 50; Shep. Kal., Jan., 27. ME. _stour_, battle, contest (Chaucer, Rom.

Rose, 1270). Anglo-F. _estour_, combat, battle (Gower, Mirour, 1927), O.

Prov. _estor_, _estorn_, ‘combat, mêlée’; _estornir_, _estormir_,

‘assaillir, attaquer’ (Levy); Ital. _stormo_, a conflict, combat

(Fanfani); of Germ. origin, MHG. _sturm_, disturbance, combat (Schade).

=stover,= provisions, fodder for cattle; ‘Our low medowes . . . not so

profitable for stover and forrage as the higher meads be’, Harrison,

Desc. Brit. 110 (Halliwell); Tusser, Husbandry, November; Tempest, iv.

1. 63; Drayton, Pol. xxv, p. 1158 (Nares). In prov. use in many parts of

England for winter fodder or litter for cattle, hence stubble (EDD.).

Anglo-F. _estover_, maintenance, necessary sustenance; allowances of

wood to be taken out of another man’s woods (Cowell’s Interpreter); OF.

_estovoir_, to be necessary. Romanic type _stopere_, a verb formed from

L. _est opus_, it is necessary, so W. Forster, see Gautier’s Ch. Roland,

Glossary (s.v. Estoet). See Ducange (s.v. Estoverium).

=stover up,= to bristle up. Ford, Love’s Sacrifice, ii. 1. 2. ‘To

stover’ is entered in EDD. as an obsolete west-country word for ‘to

bristle up’, probably from ‘stover’, meaning stubble. See above.

=stownd,= to amaze, ‘astound’, to beat down, Heywood, Golden Age, A. iii

(Enceladus), vol. iii, p. 48; to strike senseless, id., Iron Age, A. v

(Ajax); p. 343; _stound_, pp., Spenser, F. Q. v. 11. 19.

=stowne,= an hour, a short time; ‘Whoso love Endureth but a stowne’,

Turbervile, The Lover finding his Love flitted, st. 16. See =stound.=

=stowre,= strong, hardy; ‘Constancie knits the bones and makes us

stowre’, G. Herbert, Temple, Church-porch, st. 20; ‘Stowre of

conversacyon, _estourdy_’, Palsgrave; Skelton, Against the Scottes, 12;

_stower_, hard, strong, ‘The stower nayles’, Latimer, 7 Sermon bef. King

(ed. Arber, 185). In prov. use in E. Anglia, see EDD. (s.v. Stour). See

=stoor.=

=strage,= slaughter, heap of slain men. Heywood, Dialogue 2, l. 16;

Dial. 3 (Hellen); vol. vi, pp. 111, 143; Webster, Appius, v. 3 (Appius).

L. _strages_, slaughter.

=strain,= race, descent, breed; ‘The noblest of thy strain’, Jul. Caes.

v. 1. 59; Hen. V, ii. 4. 51. A dialect form of =strene,= q.v.

=strain:= phr. _to strain courtesy_, to stand upon ceremony, to refuse

to go first, Venus and Ad. 888.

=strain,= to distrain, Gascoigne, Steel Glas, 1104. In prov. use, see

EDD. (s.v. Strain, vb.^{3}).

=strain,= to restrain, repress; ‘These stormy windes to straine, or make

to blow’, Phaer, Aeneid i, 80.

=strake,= a particular note blown by a hunter; apparently after the game

is killed; ‘To the flyghte, to the dethe, and to strake, and many other

blastes and termes’, Morte Arthur, leaf 250, back, 11; bk. x, c. 52;

‘Then [after the death of the game] should the most master blow a mote

and stroke’, The Master of Game, ch. 35. Cp. ME. _strake_, to sound a

note, to sound a blast on a trumpet (Wars Alex. 1386).

=strake,= the hoop of a cart-wheel or chariot-wheel. Chapman, tr. of

Iliad, xx. 247; BIBLE, Ezek. i. 18 (margin). In prov. use for a section

or strip of the iron tire or rim of a cart-wheel, see EDD. (s.v. Strake,

sb.^{1} 2).

=stramazoun,= a downright blow. B. Jonson, Every Man out of Humour, iv.

4 (Fast. Brisk); _stramison_, Nabbes, Microcosmus, ii. 1 (Choler). Ital.

_stramazzone_, ‘a downright blow’; deriv. of _stramazzare_, ‘to kill

throughly’ (Florio); cp. F. _estramaçon_, a stroke given with the edge

of the sword (Hatzfeld).

=strange,= belonging to another country, foreign; ‘Joseph . . . made

himselfe strange unto them’, BIBLE, Gen. xlii. 7 (i.e. acted as a

stranger towards them); ‘Strange children’, foreigners, Psalm xviii. 45,

46 (P.B.V.); ‘A strange tongue’, Cymbeline, i. 6. 54; _to make it

strange_, to seem to be surprised or shocked, Two Gent. i. 2. 102; Titus

And. ii. 1. 81; B. Jonson, Alchemist, i. 1 (Subtle). OF. _estrange_,

foreign; L. _extraneus_.

=strangeness,= shyness, like that of a stranger. Middleton, The Witch,

iii. 2 (Isabella).

=strappado,= a kind of torture. 1 Hen. IV, ii. 4. 262. The torture

consisted in drawing a person up by his arms (fastened together behind

his back), and then letting him drop suddenly with a jerk, which

inflicted severe pain. The word has been turned into a Spanish-looking

form, but it appears to be rather of Italian origin. Ital. _strappata_,

a pulling-up (Florio). Cp. F. _strapade_ (16th cent., Godefroy);

_estrapade_ (Dict. de l’Acad., 1762). See Stanford.

=strapple,= to fasten, bind, Chapman, Bussy D’Ambois, iii (Bussy); to

impede; id., tr. of Iliad xvi, 438. In W. Yorks. ‘to strapple’ means to

bind, make fast with a cord, &c. (EDD.). Cp. ME. _strapeles_, fastenings

of breeches; _strapils_, Cath. Angl.; see Dict. M. and S.

=streak,= to stretch. Marston, Scourge of Villainy, Sat. viii. 36, 57.

In prov. use in the north country, see EDD. (s.v. Streak, vb.^{1} 1).

ME. _streken_ (Hampole, Ps. lxxix. 12); _strekis_, stretches (Wars Alex.

1953).

=strene,= generation, breed, race, lineage; ‘Dame Nature’s strene’, The

Four Elements, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, i. 55; Spenser, F. Q. v. 9. 32; vi.

6. 9. ME. _streen_, race, progeny (Chaucer, C. T. E. 157); OE. (Anglian)

_strēnan_ (WS. _strīenan_), to beget, generate. See =strain= (race).

=strength,= a fortress, a strong defence, Massinger, Renegado, iv. 2

(Donusa); v. 6. (end); ‘Sin (or Pelusium) the strength of Egypt’, BIBLE,

Ezek. xxx. 15.

=streperous,= noisy. Heywood, Dialogue I, The Shipwrack (Adolphus); vol.

vi, p. 101; Sir T. Browne, Vulgar Errors, ii. 6. 6. Cp. L.

_obstreperus_, noisy, clamorous (Apuleius, Florida, 126); deriv. of

_strepere_, to make a noise.

=strich,= the screech-owl. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 12. 36. L. _strix_, Gk.

στρίγξ.

=strike:= phr. _strike me luck_, used in striking a bargain, and giving

earnest upon it; said by the recipient of the money. Beaumont and Fl.,

Scornful Lady, ii. 3 (Young Loveless); Butler, Hud. ii. 1. 540.

=strike,= to steal (Cant). Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, iii. 3 (Higgen); to

pick a purse, Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 (1 Cutpurse). See Halliwell.

=striker,= a libertine (Cant). Massinger, Unnat. Combat, iv. 2 (1

Court.); Middleton, Span. Gipsy, iv. 1 (end).

=stringer,= a wencher (Cant). Beaumont and Fl., Knt. of the B. Pestle,

i. 1 (Wife).

=strip,= to outstrip. Greene, Friar Bacon, i. 1. 4; to go very rapidly,

‘The swiftest hound, when he is hallowed, strippes forth’, Gosson,

School of Abuse (Halliwell).

†=strives= (=?=)=.= ‘They [ants] startle forth in troupes of striues’,

Twyne, tr. of Aeneid, bk. xiii. [1583]; fol. U 5, back.

=stroke,= to flatter, soothe, B. Jonson, Masque of the Barriers

(Opinion); _stroker_, a flatterer, id., Magnetic Lady, iv. 1 (Keep). OE.

_strācian_, to stroke, caress, cp. OHG. _streichōn_, ‘demulcere’.

=strommel;= see =strummel.=

=strong,= _pp._ strung, furnished with strings; ‘Playing on yvorie harp

with silver strong’, Spenser, Virgil’s Gnat, 16.

=stroot, strout,= to swell out, Drayton, Pol. xiii. 402; Chapman, tr. of

Iliad, i. 464; to be filled full, id., xxi, line 4 from end. ME.

_strowtyn_, ‘turgeo’ (Prompt. EETS. 468). Cp. G. _strotzen_, to swell.

See =strut.=

=strossers,= tight drawers. Hen. V, iii. 7. 57; ‘The Italian close

strosser’, Dekker, Gul’s Hornbook (Nares). See Dyce’s Glossary to Shaks.

See Dict. (s.v. Trousers).

=strout;= see =stroot.=

=stroy,= to destroy. Sir T. Wyatt, Sat. i. 15. ME. _stroyen_, to destroy

(P. Plowman, B. xv. 387).

=strummel,= straw (Cant); ‘The doxy’s in the strummel’, Broome, Jovial

Crew, ii. 1 (Randal); _strommel_, Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, iii. 3

(Higgen); Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 (Trapdoor). Hence

_strummel-patched_, ‘Strummel-patch’d, goggle-eyed grumbledories’, B.

Jonson, Every Man out of Humour, v. 4 (Carlo). Perhaps the same word as

_strummel_, E. Anglian for an untidy rough head of hair (EDD.).

=strut,= to swell out. Dryden, tr. of Virgil, Pastoral, iv. 25. See

=stroot.=

=stryfull,= strife-full, contentious. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 2. 12.

=stuck,= in Hamlet, iv. 7. 161, ‘Your venom’d stuck’, usually explained

as = _stoccado_, a thrust with a rapier, but it may mean the rapier

itself. Cp. Cotgrave: ‘_Estoc_, a rapier or tuck, also a thrust.’ See

=stock.=

=studde,= stock or stem of a tree. Spenser, Shep. Kal., March, 13.

‘Stud’ is in prov. use for an upright post, an upright piece of wood to

which laths are nailed, hence ‘stud and mud’ buildings (Nottingham), the

same as ‘wattle and dab’. ME. _stode_, or stake, ‘palus’ (Voc. 600. 4),

OE. _studu_, a post (Ælfred, Beda, iii. 10); cp. Icel. _stoð_, a post.

See Dict. (s.v. Stud).

=stulpe;= see =stoop= (a post).

=stum,= unfermented wine, must. B. Jonson, Leges Conviviales, st. 5;

Butler, Hud. ii. 1. 569; Dryden, The Medal, 270. Hence _stummed wine_,

wine made from unfermented or partly fermented grape-juice, new strong

wine, Otway, Soldier’s Fortune, v. 3 (L. Dunce); Prior, Scaligeriana, 2.

_Stum_, to make lively as with new wine, Etherege, Man of Mode, iii. 2

(Dorimant). Du. _stom_, stum, ‘the flower of fermenting wine’; _gestomde

wyn_, ‘stummed, sophisticated wine’ (Sewel).

=stupe,= a piece of tow or flannel dipped in warm liquor, and applied to

a wound. Beaumont and Fl., Lover’s Progress, i. 2 (Dorilaus). L.

_stuppa_, tow.

=stutte,= to stutter. B. Jonson, Poetaster, iv. 3 (Tibullus); ‘I stutte,

_Je besgue_’, Palsgrave. A north-country word, see EDD. (s.v. Stutt).

ME. _stotyn_, ‘balbucio’ (Prompt. EETS. 468); _stutte_, ‘balbutire’

(Cath. Angl.).

=sty, stie,= to ascend, mount up, rise. Spenser, F. Q. i. 11. 25; ii. 7.

46; iv. 9. 33; Muiopotmos, 42. ME. _stien_, to ascend (Wyclif, John xx.

17). OE. _stīgan_.

=styfemoder,= stepmother. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 41. 21. Du.

_stiefmoeder_ (Hexham).

=subact,= to subdue. Mirror for Mag., Claudius T. Nero, st. 8. L.

_subactus_, pp. of _subigere_, to subdue, reduce.

=subeth.= ‘You are subject to subeth, unkindly sleeps’, Middleton,

Anything for a Quiet Life, ii. 4 (Sweetball). F. _subet_, ‘a lethargy’

(Cotgr.). Med. L. _subitus_ = L. _sopitus_, deriv. of _sopire_, to

deprive of consciousness, to lull to sleep; see Ducange.

=sublime,= to cause to pass off in a state of vapour. B. Jonson, Alchem.

i. 1 (Mammon).

=submit,= to let down, lower, allow to subside. Dryden, To Lord

Chancellor Clarendon, 139; _submitted_, lowered, Astrae Redux, 249.

=succeed,= to follow after. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 4. 8. L. _succedere_.

=success,= issue, result (good or bad); ‘What is the success?’, Ant. and

Cl. iii. 5. 6; ‘Such vile success’, Othello, iii. 3. 222; descent from

parents, succession, ‘Our parents’ noble names, In whose success we are

gentle’, Winter’s Tale, i. 2. 394.

=successive,= successful. Lady Alimony, iii. 1 (2 Citizen).

=succussation,= trotting. Sir T. Browne, Vulgar Errors, bk. iv, c. 6, §

1; Butler, Hud. i. 2. 48. L. _succussare_, to jolt.

=sucket,= a dried sweetmeat, sugar-plum. Beaumont and Fl., Sea Voyage,

v. 2. 31; Tourneur, Atheist’s Tragedy, ii. 5 (Levidulcia); Levins,

Manipulus. In prov. use in Leic., Shropsh., and Devon (EDD.). OF.

_succade_, also _sucrade_, ‘chose sucrée, dragée, sucrerie’ (Godefroy);

O. Prov. _sucrada_, ‘sucrée’.

=sufferance,= pain; Meas. for M. ii. 4. 167; loss, Othello, ii. 1. 23.

F. _souffrance_, ‘sufferance, forbearance, also, need, poverty, penury’

(Cotgr.).

=suffragate,= to support by a vote, to be subsidiary to, to aid. Dryden,

Prol. to the Univ. of Oxford, 31. L. _suffragare_, to vote for.

=sugar-loaf,= a high-crowned hat. Westward Ho, v. 3.

=sugerchest,= the name of a kind of wood; ‘To flesh and blood this Tree

but wormewood seemes, How ere the name may be of Sugerchest’, Davies,

Holy Roode, Dedication (Davies, Suppl. Eng. Gloss.); Ascham, Toxophilus,

pp. 123, 125.

=suggill,= to beat black and blue; to cudgel. Butler, Hud. i. 3. 1039.

L. _sugillare_.

=suitor,= pronounced so as to resemble _shooter_; ‘A Lady . . . hadde

three _sutors_, and yet never a good archer’, Lyly, Euphues, p. 293.

=sulk,= to furrow, plough, cleave. Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, i. 118;

ii. 218. L. _sulcus_, a furrow.

=sultanin,= an Arabic coin; ‘A thousand golden sultanins’, Dryden, Don

Sebastian, i. 1 (Mustapha). Arab, _sulṭânîy_, belonging to a sovereign;

a sultanine (a gold coin about nine shillings), Richardson. Arab,

_sulṭân_, a sultan.

=summed,= a term in falconry, having all the feathers complete; ‘The

muse from Cambria comes with pinions summ’d and sound’, Drayton, Pol.

xi, p. 859 (Nares); ‘My prompted song . . . with prosperous wing full

summ’d’, Milton, P. R. i. 14; ‘(The birds) feathered soon and fledge

. . . summed their pens’, id., P. L. vii. 421; used _fig._ of clothes,

‘Till you be summ’d again—velvets and scarlets’, Beaumont and Fl., Wit

without Money, iii. 4 (Lance).

=sumpter,= a driver of a pack-horse, King Lear, ii. 4. 219; Sir Thos.

More, iii. 2. 43. ME. _sumpter_ (King Alisaunder, 6023), OF.

_sommetier_, a pack-horse driver (Roquefort), O. Prov. _saumatier_,

‘conducteur de bêtes de somme’ (Levy), Med. L. _saumaterius_ (Ducange,

s.v. Sagma), deriv. of _saumarius_, _sagmarius_, a pack-horse. See

=somer.=

=supply,= to supplicate, beseech. Skelton, Garl. of Laurell, 49. F.

_supplier_, L. _supplicare_.

=suppose,= a supposition, conjecture. Tam. Shrew, v. 1. 120; Tr. and Cr.

i. 3. 11.

=surantler;= see =antlier.=

=surbate,= to tire out the feet with walking. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 4. 34;

Turbervile, Hunting, c. 6 (end), p. 15; A Cure for a Cuckold, ii. 4

(Woodroff); _surbet_, pp., ‘A traveiler with feet surbet’, Spenser, F.

Q. ii. 2. 22. Hence _surbater_, one who wearies another out, B. Jonson,

Tale of a Tub, iv. 3 (Metaphor). Cp. Cotgrave, ‘_Surbature_, a

surbating’; also, ‘_Soubatture_, a surbating, or surbate’.

=surcease,= prop. a law-term, a delay allowed or ordered by authority;

arrest, stop, cessation. Macbeth, i. 7. 8; to delay, to desist, Prayer

Book, Ordin. Deacons; Spenser, F. Q. vi. 7. 13; Coriolanus, iii. 2. 121;

Lucrece, 1766; Chapman, tr. Iliad, vii. 45. OF. _sursis_, delay, stop

(Littré), Anglo-F. _sursise_ (Laws of William); _sursis_, pp. of Norm.

F. _surseër_ (F. _surseoir_), to pause, intermit (Moisy), Mod. L.

_supersedere_, to delay (Ducange). In Law L. a writ of _supersedeas_ is

issued to stay proceedings, L. _supersedere_, to desist from. _Surcease_

owes its form to association with _cease_ (F. _cesser_). Tho original

pronunciation of the _i_ in _sursis_ is preserved as in _caprice_,

_police_, _machine_, _marine_.

=surcingle,= a girth, a girdle. Beaumont and Fl., Philaster, v. 4

(Captain). OF. _sourcengle_ (Godefroy). L. _super_, above; _cingulum_, a

belt, girdle, from _cingere_, to gird.

=sure,= indissolubly joined, firmly united. Merry Wives, v. 5. 249; L.

L. L. v. 2. 286; affianced, betrothed, ‘A woman he was sure unto’,

Records of Oxford, A.D. 1530, p. 75.

=surfle, surfell, surphle,= to wash with sulphur-water or other

cosmetic. Marston, Malcontent, ii. 3 (Maquerelle); Ford, Love’s

Sacrifice, ii. 1 (Mauruccio). OF. _soufrer_, to impregnate with sulphur

or with sulphur-vapour (Godefroy, Supp.).

=surquedry,= presumption, pride, arrogance. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 12. 31;

Fletcher, Wildgoose Chase, iii. 1 (Rosalaura); Drayton, Owl, p. 1301

(Nares); _surcuidrie_, Chapman, tr. Iliad, xvii. 20. ME. _surquidrie_,

presumption (Chaucer, C. T. I. 403), arrogance (id., Tr. and Cr. i.

213). Anglo-F. _surquiderie_ (Gower, Mirour, 1443), OF. _surcuiderie_,

arrogance; cp. _cuider_, _quider_ (Ch. Rol.), L. _cogitare_, to think.

=surreined,= overridden, that has felt the ‘rein’ too much. Hen. V, iii.

5. 19. See =sooreyn.=

=surround,= to overflow; ‘Surround, or overflow, _oultre couler_’,

Sherwood, so also Cotgrave; ‘By thencrease of waters dyvers londes . . .

ben surrounded and destroyed’, Statutes, 4 Hen. VII, c. 7 (A.D. 1489).

OF. _soronder_, to overflow, see Burguy and Roquefort, Norm. F.

_surunder_, _soronder_ (Moisy); Med. L. _superundare_ ‘abonder’

(Ducange). See Notes on Eng. Etym.

=sursurrara,= a writ of _certiorari_. Middleton, Phoenix, i. 4 (Tangle).

See Stanford (s.v. Certiorari), Nares (s.v. Sasarara), and EDD. (s.v.

Siserary).

=suscitate,= to stir up, Elyot, Governour, bk. iii, c. 26, § 4;

_suscitability_, aptness to move, B. Jonson, Alchemist, ii. 1 (Face). L.

_suscitare_, to arouse.

=suspect,= suspicion. Comedy of Errors, iii. 1. 87; Rich. III, i. 3. 89;

B. Jonson, Case is Altered, i. 4. Very common in authors of this period.

Med. L. _suspectus_, ‘suspicio’ (Ducange); cp. O. Prov. _sospet_,

‘soupçon’ (Levy).

=suspire,= to draw a breath; used of a new-born child, King John, iii.

4. 80; used of a dying man, 2 Hen. IV, iv. 5. 32; a deep breath, a sigh,

Massinger, Old Law, v. 1 (Cleanthes); Heywood, Brazen Age (Hercules), in

Wks., iii. 249. L. _suspirare_, to draw a deep breath.

=swad,= a clown, a rustic. B. Jonson, Tale of a Tub, ii. 1 (Hilts);

Lyly, Midas, iv. 3 (Petulus). A north-country word for a stupid fellow,

see EDD. (s.v. Swad, sb.^{3}). Prob. identical with _swad_, a sod, a

clod, see EDD. (s.v. Sward, sb.^{2} 1).

=swaddle,= to beat, cudgel. Fletcher, Captain, ii. 2 (Frederick);

Butler, Hud. i. 1. 24; Cotgrave (s.v. Chaperon); ‘To swaddle or cudgel,

_bastonner_’, Sherwood. _To swaddle a person’s sides_, ‘to beat him

soundly’, is a Kentish phrase, Kennett, Par. Antiq. (ann. 1695). See

EDD. (s.v. Swaddle, vb.^{1} 2). See Halliwell, and Nares.

=swag,= to sway aside; ‘To swag on one side, _pencher tout d’un costé_’,

Sherwood; Middleton, A Mad World, iii. 1 (Harebrain). See EDD.

=swage,= to ‘assuage’. Milton, Samson, 184; P. L. i. 556; Gascoigne,

Fruites of Warre, st. 120. In common prov. use in this sense (EDD.). ME.

_swagyn_, ‘mitigo’ (Prompt.).

=swale,= a cool shade; ‘Trees which gave a pleasant swale’, Golding,

Metam. v. 336 (L. _umbra_); fol. 60, back (1603). An E. Anglian word,

see EDD. (s.v. Swale, sb.^{1}). ME. _swale_, ‘umbra, umbraculum’

(Prompt. EETS. 444). Icel. _sval_, a cool breeze; Norw. dial. _svala_

(Aasen).

=sward,= the hard outer rind of bacon; ‘(He) liveth harde with baken

swarde’, Kendall, Flowers of Epigrammes (Nares); ‘The sward of bacon,

_la peau de lard ou d’un jambon_,’ Sherwood. In prov. use in various

parts of England (EDD.). ME. _sward_ of flesh, ‘coriana’ (Prompt. EETS.

445). OE. _sweard_, rind of bacon, cp. G. _schwarte_, skin, rind.

=swarth,= a track, pathway; ‘There is a hardway, and at Binsey the said

way is called in one or two places _the king’s swarth_ . . . the king’s

way’, Hearne, Reliquiae, Feb. 10 and 11, 1728; ‘The king’s swarth

(formerly called also Port street), beyond New Parks by Oxford, went

over by a bridge the river Charwell’, id., April 23, 1720. OE. _swaðu_,

a track. See =swath.=

=swarth,= in Twelfth Nt. ii. 3. 162, ‘By great swarths’, apparently ‘in

great quantities’. In Cheshire they speak of a heavy hay-crop being ‘a

good swarth’, see EDD. (s.v. Swarth, sb.^{1}). Probably the same word as

=swath,= q.v.

=swarth,= black, dark, swarthy. Titus And. ii. 3. 72; Two Noble Kinsmen,

iv. 2. 27; Chapman, tr. Odyssey, xix. 343. A Kentish form (EDD.).

=swarty,= dark, ‘swarthy’. Fletcher, Bonduca, iii. 1 (Caratach); Titus

And. ii. 3. 72 (in the quarto editions). See Dict. (s.v. Swart).

=swash,= to strike violently. Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, i. 53, 125. In

prov. use (EDD.).

=swash,= a swaggering bully. Three Ladies of London (Fraud), in

Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vi. 254; Britannia Triumphans, 1637 (Nares). Also

_swasher_, Hen. V, iii. 2. 30; _swashing_, blustering, As You Like It,

i. 3. 122; tremendous, crushing, Romeo, i. 1. 70. In prov. use ‘to

swash’ means to swagger, to walk with a boastful air; ‘a swasher’ is a

swaggerer, see EDD. (s.v. Swash, 5).

=swash-buckler,= one who ‘swashes’ or beats his buckler, Beaumont and

Fl., Bloody Brother, v. 2 (Latorch); Faithful Friends, i. 2. 7;

‘_Mangia-ferro_, _Mangia-cadenacci_, a devourer of iron-bolts, a

swash-buckler, a bragging toss-blade, a swaggerer’, Florio; ‘_Bravache_,

swaggerer, swash-buckler’, Cotgrave. See Halliwell.

=swash-ruter,= a swaggaring soldier, a swaggerer. Stanyhurst, tr. of

Aeneid, i. 544. See =rutter.=

=swath,= a row of grass mown; ‘The Greeks fall down before him like the

mower’s swath’, Tr. and Cr. v. 5. 25; ‘Grass lately in swaths is meat

for an ox’, Tusser, Husbandry. In prov. use in various parts of England

(EDD.). ME. _swath_ of mowing, ‘falcidium’ (Prompt. EETS. 445);

_swathe_, ‘orbita falcatoris’ (Cath. Angl.). OE. _swæð_, a track, the

track of a plough, ‘somita’ (B. T.). See =swarth= (a track).

=swathling-clothes,= swaddling-clothes. 1 Hen. IV, iii. 2. 112 (Q.

edd.). ME. _swathlen_, to swaddle; _swaþeling-bonde_, a swaddling-band

(Cursor Mundi, 1343). See Dict. (s.v. Swaddle).

†=swatley.= ‘Ay mun cut off the lugs and naes [ears and nose] on ’em [of

him]; he’ll be a pretty swatley fellow, bawt [without] lugs and naes’,

Otway, Cheats of Scapin, iii (Scapin, in a Lancs. dialect). Meaning

unexplained.

=sweam,= faintness, attack of dizziness; ‘The slothfull sweames of

sluggardye’, Mirror for Mag., Iago, Lenvoy, st. 1; ‘Sweam or swaim,

_subita aegrotatio_’, Gouldman. ‘Sweem’ is a Somerset word for a state

of giddiness or faintness, see EDD. (s.v. Swim, sb.^{2}). Cognate with

OE. _swīma_, dizziness, giddiness (B. T.). See =sweme.=

=sweet-breasted,= sweet-voiced, having a sweet voice. Beaumont and Fl.,

Love’s Cure, iii. 1 (Alguazier).

=swelt,= to faint, swoon; ‘In weary woes to swelt’, Gascoigne (Nares);

_swelt_, pt. t., Spenser, F. Q. iv. 7. 9; vi. 12. 21. Still in use in

the north country, see EDD. (s.v. Swelt, vb.^{1} 2). ME. _swelten_, to

faint, languish (Chaucer, C. T. A. 1356); to die (id., Tr. and Cr. iii.

347). OE. _sweltan_, to die.

=swelter,= to exude; ‘Toad . . . that has . . . swelter’d venom’,

Macbeth, iv. 1. 8. In prov. use in the sense of a profuse perspiration,

see EDD. (s.v. Swelter, 7).

=swelth,= a whirlpool; ‘A deadly gulfe . . . With foule black swelth’,

Mirror for Mag., Induction, st. 31; ‘Rude Acheron . . . with swelth as

black as hell’, id., 69, see Nares. ME. _swelth_ of a water, ‘vorago’

(Prompt. EETS. 445, see note, no. 2179).

=sweme,= grief; ‘His hert began to melt For veray sweme of this swemeful

tale’, Lydgate (Halliwell). ME. _sweem_, grief (Prompt., Harl. MS.);

_swem_ (Gen. and Ex. 1961). Cp. OE. _ā-swǣman_, to be grieved,

‘tabescere’ (Ps. cxviii. 158 (Lambeth)). See =sweam.=

=sweven,= a dream. Morte Arthur, leaf 27. 1; bk. i, c. 13; Ordinary, Old

Play, x. 236 (Nares). ME. _sweven_ (Chaucer, Rom. Rose, 28). OE.

_swefn_.

=swill-bowl,= a heavy drinker; spelt _swiel bolle_. Udall, tr. of

Apoph., Cicero, § 65.

=swinge,= to beat, thrash, lash, Beaumont and Fl., Wit without Money,

iv. 5 (Valentine); Two Gent. ii. 1. 91; King John, ii. 1. 288; 2 Hen.

IV, v. 4. 21; to lash, as with a long tail, Milton, Nativ. 172; sway,

tyranny, Mirror for Mag., Induction, st. 26. In prov. use in Scotland

and England in the sense of to beat, thrash (EDD.). ME. _swyngyn_, also,

_swengyn_, to shake (Prompt.). OE. _swengan_.

=swinge,= to singe. Spenser, F. Q. i. 11. 26. In common prov. use in

Ireland, and in various parts of England (EDD.).

=swinge-buckler,= a swash-buckler. 2 Hen. IV, iii. 2. 24.

=swink,= to toil, labour. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 7. 8, 36, 58 _swinkt_, pp.,

wearied with toil, ‘The swinkt hedger’, Milton, Comus, 293; labour,

toil, ‘How great sport they gaynen with little swincke’, Spenser, Shep.

Kal., May, 36; Sidney, Arcadia, p. 398 (Nares). ‘To swink’, to toil,

work hard, is in use in Galloway, ‘Lord, but he swankit it that day!’

(EDD.). ME. _swinken_, to toil, _swink_, toil (Chaucer). OE. _swincan_.

=swithe,= quickly. Gammer Gurton’s Needle, ii. 47 (Nares); _swithe and

tite_, quickly and at once, id., i. 4. 13. In common use in Scotland,

see EDD. (s.v. Swith). ME. _swythe_, quickly, immediately (Chaucer, C.

T. C. 796, and B. 637). OE. _swīðe_, strongly. See =tit.=

=Switzer,= one of a Swiss mercenary guard. Webster, White Devil

(Brachiano), ed. Dyce, p. 12; Hamlet, iv. 5. 97; _Switzers_, inhabitants

of Switzerland, Bacon, Essay 14.

=swoop,= a sweeping movement, rush. Macbeth, iv. 3. 219; Webster, White

Devil (beginning); ed. Dyce, p. 5. _Swoopstake_ (old edd. _soopstake_),

drawing the whole stake at once, indiscriminately, Hamlet, iv. 5. 141.

=swough,= a heavy murmuring sound. Morte Arthur, leaf 83. 20; bk. v, c.

4. Cp. the prov. words, ‘swow’ and ‘sough’ in EDD. ME. _swowyn_, to make

a murmuring sound (Prompt.). OE. _swōgan_, to make a noise like the

wind.

=swound,= to ‘swoon’. Fletcher, Night-Walker, i. 4. 8; Middleton, Mayor

of Queenb. v. 1 (Oliver); a swoon, Dryden, Palamon, i. 537; iii. 982. In

gen. prov. use in England and Scotland (EDD.). See =sowne= (2).

=syke,= such. B. Jonson, Sad Sheph. ii. 1 (Maud.). A north-country form,

see EDD. (s.v. Such). ME. _sike_ (Wars Alex. 126) OE. _swilc_ (_swylc_).

See Dict. M. and S. (s.v. Swyche).

=symarr,= a loose robe for a lady: Dryden, Flower and Leaf, 341. See

=cymar.=

=synnet;= see =sennet.=

=synteresis,= a word said to have been invented by John Damascene, and

used by Aquinas and the schoolmen in the sense of ‘observation’ of the

laws of right and wrong as exercised by the conscience, self-reproach.

Nabbes, Microcosmus, v (Conscience); Manchester Al Mondo (ed. 1902, 39).

Gk. συντήρησις, observation, fr. συντηρέω, to observe strictly (a N. T.

word, cp. Mark vi. 20). See C. Bigg’s Introd. to Imitatio Christi, p. 2

on the L. _sinderesis_, iv. 11 (Magd. MS.). The word _sindérèse_ is used

by French theological writers, Bossuet for example.

=sypers,= a thin textile material, J. Heywood, The Four P’s (Anc. Brit.

Drama, p. 10). See =cypress.=

=syse,= an allowance or settled ration; _to keepe the syse_, to exercise

moderation, Mirror for Mag., Tresilian, st. 10. See Dict. (s.v. Size,

1).

T

=T= for _to_, freq. profixed to verbs; as in _tabandon_, to abandon,

_tescape_, to escape; so in Chaucer, _tabyde_, _tacoye_, _tamende_, &c.

=tabid,= liable to waste away. Sir T. Browne, Letter to a Friend, § 19;

_tabidly inclined_, id., § 4. L. _tabidus_, wasting away.

=tabine,= ‘tabby’, a stuff orig. striped, later waved or watered.

Middleton, Anything for a Quiet Life, ii. 2. 6. Ital. _tabino_, ‘tabine’

(Florio). See NED. (s.v. Tabby).

=table,= the tablet or panel on which a picture is painted; ‘I beheld

myself drawn in the flattering table of her eye’, King John, ii. 504;

‘To sit and draw his arched brows . . . in our heart’s table’, All’s

Well, i. 1. 106; a picture, ‘The figure of a hangman In a table of the

Passion’, Beaumont and Fl., Custom of the Country, iv. 2. 5; Sir T.

Elyot, Governour (ed. Croft, ii. 422). L. _tabula_, a painted tablet or

panel of a picture.

=table,= a writing-tablet. BIBLE, Hab. ii. 2; Luke i. 63; 2 Cor. iii. 3;

_tables_, a set of tablets, a note-book, Hamlet, i. 5. 107; also,

_table-book_, id., ii. 2. 136; hence, _tabled_, noted, set down,

Cymbeline, i. 4. 6. ME. _table_: ‘a peyre of tables all of yvory’

(Chaucer, C. T. D. 1741). L. _tabula_, a writing-tablet.

=tables,= the ordinary name for backgammon, L. L. L. v. 2. 326. See

Nares. ME. _tables_ (Chaucer, C. T. F. 900), Anglo-F. _juer as tables_

(Ch. Rol. l. 111).

=tabourine,= a small drum. Tr. and Cr. iv. 5. 275. F. _tabourin_ (Dict.

de l’Acad., 1694), see Hatzfeld (s.v. Tambourin).

=tabride,= a ‘tabard’; a surcoat worn over armour and emblazoned with

armorial bearings. Warner, Alb. England, bk. v, ch. 27. See Dict.

=tache,= a fault or vice. Warner, Alb. England, xiii. 77. 318 (NED.); to

find fault with, id., bk. x, ch. 58. ME. _tache_ (_tacche_), a stain,

blemish, fault (P. Plowman, B. ix. 146). Anglo-F. _tache_, a stain,

blemish (Gower, Mirour, 1231).

=tack,= that which fastens. Phr. _to hold tack with_, to hold one’s

ground with; to be even with; ‘A thousande pounde with Lyberte may holde

no tacke’, Skelton, Magnyfycence, 2084; to be a match for, to hold at

bay, Drayton, Pol. xi. 48; _to hold tack_, to hold out, to endure,

Butler, Hud. i. 3. 277.

=tack,= a smack, taste or flavour which lasts, holds out. Drayton, Pol.

xix. 130; ‘_Le poisson pique_, begins to have a tacke or ill taste’,

Cotgrave. The same word as above.

=tackle,= a mistress, a trull (Cant). Shadwell, Squire of Alsatia, iv. 1

(Belfond Senior).

=tag,= a rabble, mob. Coriolanus, iii. 1. 248; _tag-rag people_, the

mob, Julius C. i. 2. 260; ‘_Tagge and ragge_, cutte and longe tayle’

(i.e. a mixed mob), Gosson, School of Abuse, p. 45.

=taillee,= to ‘tally’, to keep account, at the game of basset. Farquhar,

Sir H. Wildair, i. 1 (Parly); ‘You used to taillee with success’, id.,

ii. 2 (Lurewell).

=taint,= a successful hit. Chapman, tr. of Iliad, iii. 374; vii. 222.

ME. _taynte_, a ‘hit’ in tilting (NED., s.v. Taint, sb. 1). Short for

_attaint_, F. ‘_attainte_, a reach, hit, home touch’ (Cotgr.), OF.

_atainte_ (_ateinte_), deriv. of _ataindre_, to attain unto, to touch.

=taint,= to ‘hit’ in tilting. B. Jonson, Every Man out of Hum. ii. 1

(Carlo); Massinger, Parl. of Love, iv. 3 (near end); Marlowe, 2

Tamburlaine, i. 3; Chapman, tr. of Iliad, viii. 259.

=taint,= to ‘tent’, to search a wound. Lyly, Euphues, pp. 65, 314.

=tainture,= an imputation of dishonour. Fletcher, Thierry, i. 1. 1;

Sandys, tr. of Ovid’s Metam. i. 20. See NED. (s.v. Attainture).

=take me with you,= let me understand you clearly, i.e. do not go faster

than I can follow you; be explicit; 1 Hen. IV, ii. 4. 506. _Take us with

you_, understand us clearly, A Cure for a Cuckold (near the end).

=take order,= to take measures, to make arrangements. North, tr. of

Plutarch, Julius Caes., § 9 (in Shak. Plut., p. 52); Octavius, § 8 (p.

246); Bacon, Essay 36; BIBLE, 2 Macc. iv. 27.

=take up,= to check oneself, stop short. Pepys, Diary, Nov. 13, 1661;

Massinger, Picture, v. 3 (Mathias); to settle, arrange amicably a

quarrel, As You Like It, v. 4. 104; to take up one’s quarters, B.

Jonson, Staple of News, iv. 2; Pepys, Diary, Oct. 14, 1662.

=taken with the maner;= see =maner.=

=taking,= a disturbed state of mind, state of agitation. Merry Wives,

iii. 3. 191; also, malignant influence, King Lear, iii. 4. 61. Very

common in prov. use in the sense of a state of agitation. See EDD. (s.v.

Taking, 2).

=taking,= infectious. King Lear, ii. 4. 166; Fletcher, The False One,

iv. 3 (Septimius). Still in use in Cumberland in this sense, ‘It’s a

varra takkan disease’, see EDD. (s.v. Taking, 1 (2)).

=tale,= a specified number, that which is counted. BIBLE, Exod. v. 8.

18; 1 Sam. xviii. 27; 1 Chron. ix. 28; ‘Every shepherd tells his tale’

(i.e. counts his sheep), Milton, L’Allegro, 67 (but meaning in this

passage disputed).

=talent,= the talon of a bird of prey. For _talon_. L. L. L. iv. 2. 65;

Two Noble Kinsmen, i. 1. 44; ‘Talant of an hauk’, Levins, Manip. Hence

_talenter_, a bird of prey with talons, as a hawk, Middleton and Rowley,

World Tost at Tennis (Denmark House).

=tall,= valiant, brave. Ant. and Cl. ii. 6. 7; often used ironically, as

in Merry Wives, ii. 2. 11; &c.

=tallage,= a tax, impost, levy, rate, toll; ‘Tallages and taxations’,

North, tr. of Plutarch, M. Antonius, § 12 (in Shak. Plut., p. 171).

Anglo-F. _tallage_, ‘taille, taxe’ (Moisy). See Dict. (s.v. Tally).

†=tallow-catch,= 1 Hen. IV, ii. 4. 256 (so Quartos and Folios). The form

and meaning doubtful. Supposed by some to = _tallow-ketch_, i.e. a tub

filled with tallow; by others = _tallow keech_, a round lump of fat. See

=keech.=

=talwood,= wood cut into billets for burning; firewood. Skelton, Why

Come ye nat to Courte, 79; Tasser, Husbandry, § 53. 12. A Sussex word

(EDD.). A rendering of OF. _bois de tail_, ‘bois en coupe’ (Godefroy).

=tamin,= a kind of thin woollen stuff; ‘In an old tamin gown’,

Massinger, New Way to Pay, iii. 2 (Overreach). F. _étamine_, stamin;

‘_estamine_, the stuff Tamine’ (Cotgr.).

=tancrete,= transcribed, copied. Skelton, Why Come ye nat to Courte,

417. OF. _tanscrit_, for _transcrit_, transcribed (Godefroy, s.v.

_transcrit_), L. _transcriptum_.

=tanling,= one that is tanned by the heat of the sun. Cymbeline, iv. 4.

29.

=tannikin, tannakin, tanakin,= a dimin. pet-form of the name Anna, used

especially for a German or Dutch girl. Marston, Dutch Courtezan, i. 1

(Freevil); Dekker, Shoemakers’ Holiday, iii. 1 (Eyre).

=tanti,= so much for (you); an exclamation of depreciation and contempt.

Marlowe, Edw. II, i. 1. 22; Fuimus Troes, iii. 7 (Eulinus). L. _tanti_,

of so much value.

=Tantony,= for _St. Anthony_; often with reference to the attributes

with which the saint was accompanied; as a crutch, a pouch, or a pig;

‘His tantonie pouch’, Lyly, Mother Bombie, ii. 1 (Riscio); ‘Like a

tantony pig’, Bickerstaff, Love in a Village, i. 5. 3. See EDD. (s.v.

Saint Anthony).

=tapet,= a cloth on which tapestry is worked. Spenser, Muiopotmos, 276;

_tapets_, pl. tapestries; met. foliage of trees, Mirror for Mag.,

Induction, st. 1. OE. _tæppet_, Late L. _tapetum_.

=tappish,= to lurk, lie, hid. Chapman, tr. of Iliad, xxii. 158;

_tappis_, Lady Alimony, ii. 6 (Tillyvally); _tappes’d_, hidden,

Shadwell, Squire of Alsatia, v. 1 (Cheatly). F. _tapir_, to hide; _se

tapir_, to crouch, lie close, lurk (Cotgr.); pres. part, _tapissant_.

See =untappice.=

=taratantara,= the blast of a trumpet; ‘Christ . . . in the clowdes of

heaven with his Taratantara sounding’, Stubbes, Anat. of Abuses (ed.

Furnivall, 24); ‘The noise of tarantara’s clang’, Grimald, Death of

Zoroas, 2. Onomatopoetic, cp. L. _taratantara_ (Ennius).

=targe,= shield. Mirror for Mag., Induction, st. 57; Milton, P. L. ix.

1111. Anglo-F. _targe_, a buckler (Ch. Rol. 3569).

=target,= a light round buckler. Hall, Chron. Henry VIII, 2; North, tr.

of Plutarch, Julius Caesar, § 11 (in Shak. Plut., 54). See Dict.

=tarmagon,= a termagant, a virago, vixen. Lady Alimony, i. 4. 1. See

Dict. (s.v. Termagant).

=tarpawlin,= a sailor, jack-tar. Otway, Cheats of Scapin, ii. 1

(Scapin). The same as _tarpaulin_, a tarred canvas covering. See Trench,

Select Glossary.

=tarras, tarrass,= a terrace. Bacon, Essay 45, § 5; Chapman, May-day,

Act v (Lodovico). Hence, _tarrest_, terraced, provided with terraces;

Heywood, London’s Jus Honorarium; Works, iv. 276.

=tarre on,= to set on a dog, to incite him to bite, King John, iv. 1.

117; Hamlet, ii. 2. 370; ‘To tarr on’, meaning to excite to anger, is in

common use in Cheshire (EDD.). ME. _terre_, to provoke: ‘Nyle ye terre

youre sones to wraththe’ (Wyclif, Eph. vi. 4). OE. _tergan_, to vex, see

B. T. (s.v. Tirgan).

=tarsell,= a tercel, male hawk. Skelton, Philip Sparowe, 558. See

=tassel.=

=Tartarian,= a Tartar; a cant word for a thief. Merry Devil, i. 1. 13;

Beaumont and Fl., Knt. of the B. Pestle, ii. 5 (end).

=task,= to tax. 1 Hen. IV, iv. 3. 92. Norm. F. _tasque_, taxe, règlement

imposé par l’autorité pour le prix de certaines marchandises (Moisy),

Med. L. _tasca_ (Ducange), L. _taxare_, to rate, estimate the value of a

thing.

†=tassaker,= a cup or goblet; ‘This Dutch tassaker’, Heywood, Rape of

Lucrece, iii. 3 (Valerius). Not found elsewhere.

=tassel,= the male of any kind of hawk; ‘_Tiercelet_, the Tassel, so

termed because he is commonly a third part less than the female’,

Cotgrave; _tassel-gentle_, the male of the falcon, Romeo, ii. 2. 160;

_tassel gent_, Spenser, F. Q. iii. 4. 49; _tiercel gentle_, Massinger,

Guardian, i. 1 (Durazzo). See =tercel.=

=taste,= to put to the proof, try, prove to be, Twelfth Nt. iii. 4. 267;

to try the use of, to use (in affected speech), Twelfth Nt. iii. 1. 87;

to experience, to feel, Tempest, v. 1. 123.

=tat, tatt,= a false die; _tatts_, pl. false dice (Cant). Shadwell,

Squire of Alsatia, i. 1 (Hackum). _Tatmonger_, a sharper who uses false

dice (in the same scene).

=tatler,= for _tattler_, a slang term for a repeater, or a striking

watch; because it _tattles_ or utters sounds. Shadwell, Squire of

Alsatia, ii. 1 (Belfond Senior).

=tatterdemallion, tatterdimallian,= a man in tattered clothing; a ragged

fellow. Middleton, Mayor of Queenborough, v. 1 (Simon); Howell, Foreign

Travell, sect. vi, p. 37. See NED.

=taumpin,= a ‘tampion’, a plug. Skelton, Garl. of Laurell, 642; ‘Tampyon

for a gon, _tampon_’, Palsgrave. See Dict. (s.v. Tampion).

=taunt pour taunte,= tit for tat. Udall, tr. of Apoph., Diogenes, § 68.

F. _tant pour tant_, one for another (Cotgr.). See Dict. (s.v. Taunt).

=Taurus:= ‘Taurus? that’s sides and heart. No, sir, it is legs and

thighs’, Twelfth Nt. i. 3. 147. In astrology, the signs of the zodiac

were severally supposed to govern various parts of the body; and Taurus

governed the neck and throat; hence, Sir Andrew and Sir Toby were both

wrong (intentionally so); see Middleton, No Wit like a Woman’s, ii. 1.

=tavell,= the bobbin on which silk is wound for use in the shuttle.

Skelton, Garland of Laurell, 791; Against Comely Coystrowne, 34. Cp.

mod. F. _tavelle_, the bobbin on which the silk is wound off the

cocoons; see NED.

=taw,= to beat, thrash, B. Jonson, Barth. Fair, iv. 3 (Ursula); _tawed_,

treated like hides in making them into leather, ‘Greedy care . . . With

tawed handes, and hard ytanned skyn’, Sackville, Mirror for Mag.,

Induction, st. 39. See Nares and Dict.

=taw,= to draw along. Drayton, Muses’ Elysium, Nymphal ii, l. 14 from

end. See Nares (s.v. Tawe).

=tawdry,= pl. _tawdries_, defined as ‘a kind of necklace worn by country

wenches’; Drayton, Pol. ii. 46; iv. 50. _Tawdry-lace_, St. Awdry’s lace,

i.e. lace bought at St. Awdry’s fair at Ely, Fletcher, Faith.

Shepherdess, iv. 1 (Amarillis). See Dict.

=tax,= to take to task, criticize, censure, reprove. Rowley, All’s Lost,

v. 5. 74; Hamlet, i. 4. 18; also, to task, Much Ado, ii. 3. 46. See

=task.=

=teade,= a torch. Spenser, F. Q. i. 12. 37; id., Muiopotmos, 293;

Heywood, Iron Age, Part II (Orestes); vol. iii, p. 424. L. _taeda_, a

torch.

=teemed,= arranged in a ‘team’; said of horses. Spenser, Virgil’s Gnat,

314.

=teen,= harm, injury, hurt, Spenser, F. Q. i. 12. 18; vexation,

annoyance, id., ii. 1. 15; grief, id., ii. 1. 21; ii. 1. 58. In prov.

use in the north country in the sense of anger, vexation, in Scotland

also in the sense of sorrow, grief. ME. _tene_, vexation, grief

(Chaucer). See Dict. M. and S. OE. _tēona_, damage, harm, insult,

calumny.

†=teen,= keen; ‘The teenest Rasor’, Lyly, Euphues, pp. 34, 249. Not

found elsewhere.

=teend,= to kindle a fire. Herrick, Hesp., Candlemas Day, id.,

Ceremonies for Christmas, st. 2. A Lancashire pronunciation, see EDD.

(s.v. Tend, vb.^{2}). ME. _teend_ (Wyclif, Isaiah l. 11); OE. _tendan_,

in compounds, as _ontendan_ (Exod. xxii. 6). See =tind.=

=tegge,= a female deer in the second year; ‘Tegge, or pricket,

_saillant_’, Palsgrave; Jacob and Esau, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, i. 193.

Skelton has _tegges_, women (used in contempt), Elynour Rummyng, l. 131.

‘Teg’ is in gen. prov. use in the midland and southern counties in the

sense of a yearling sheep before it is shorn (EDD.).

=teil-tree,= a lime-tree or linden. BIBLE, Isaiah vi. 13; _teyle_,

Golding, Metam. viii. 620; fol. 102, back (1603). OF. _teil_; L.

_tilia_.

=teint,= tint, colour. Dryden, To Sir G. Kneller, 178. F. _teint_,

colour, complexion.

=teld,= _pt. t._, told. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 1. 44. In common use in

Yorkshire, see EDD. (s.v. Tell, 2). ME. _telde_, told; ‘And thei . . .

telden alle these thingis’ (Wyclif, Luke xxiv. 9). OE. _tealde_, also

_telede_ (Leechdoms); see B. T. (s.v. Tellan).

=temper,= to govern, rule, control. Spenser, Mother Hubberd, 1294. L.

_temperare_, to regulate, control. In prov. use in Scotland (EDD.).

=tempt,= to try, essay. Peele, Sir Clyomon, ed. Dyce, p. 496; Milton, P.

L. ii. 404. In prov. use (EDD.). L. _temptare_ (gen. written _tentare_),

to attempt, essay.

=ten bones,= the ten fingers. 2 Hen. VI, i. 3. 193; Fletcher, Woman’s

Prize, i. 3 (Petruchio); ‘I swear by these ten’ (i.e. ten bones), B.

Jonson, Masque of M. Gipsies (3 Gipsy).

=tender,= to treat with kindness, to take care of. Two Gent. iv. 4. 145;

Taming Shrew, Induction, i. 16; Hamlet, i. 3. 107; regard, care, King

Lear, i. 4. 230. See Schmidt.

=tenent,= a tenet, an opinion; ‘There are other assertions and common

Tenents drawn from Scripture’, Sir T. Browne, Rel. Med. i. 22; Earle,

Microcosm., § 11 (ed. Arber, 34). See NED.

=teniente,= a lieutenant. Middleton, Span. Gipsy, ii. 1 (Alvarez). Span.

_teniente de una compañia_, lieutenant of a company (Neuman);

_lugarteniente_, lieutenant (Stevens).

=tent,= to apply a ‘tent’, or plug of linen, to a wound. Webster, White

Devil (Flamineo); Randolph, Muses’ Looking-glass, iv. 3 (Colax). ME.

_tent_ of a wound (Prompt. EETS. 476). F. _tente_ (Cotgr.). See Dict.

(s.v. Tent, 2).

=tercel,= the male of any kind of hawk. Bk. St. Albans (NED.);

_tiercel_, Phillips, Dict., 1706. ME. _tercel_ (Chaucer, Parl. Foules,

405 (v.rr. _tersel_, _tarsell_); _tarcel_, ‘tardarius’ (Voc. 615. 24).

OF. _tercel_ (Godefroy), O. Prov. _tersol_ (Levy), Span. _terzuelo_,

Ital. _terzuolo_, Med. L. _tertiolus_ (Ducange), F. _tiercelet_

(dimin.), ‘a tassel’ (Cotgr.). See =tassel.=

=terlerie-whiskie,= a twirling about; a phrase of little meaning, in the

refrain of a song. Beaumont and Fl., Knt. of the B. Pestle, v. iii

(Merrythought). See NED. (s.v. Terlerie).

=termer= (applied to both sexes), one who resorts to London in term-time

only, for the sake of gain or for intrigue; a frequenter of the

law-courts. Middleton, Roaring Girl (Preface); id., The Witch, i. 1

(Gasparo); Beaumont and Fl., Wit at several Weapons, i. 1 (Oldcraft).

=termless,= unlimited, infinite, Spenser, Hymn of Heavenly Love, 75;

incapable of being expressed by terms, inexpressible, indescribable,

Lover’s Complaint, 94.

=terre,= to throw upon the ground; ‘He terr’d his glove’, Warner, Alb.

England, bk. iii, ch. 16, st. 44. A nonce-word.

†=terrial.= ‘The terrials of her legs were stained with blood’ (said of

a hawk), Heywood, A Woman killed, i. 3 (Sir Francis). Perhaps an error

for _terret_, one of the two rings by which the leash is attached to the

jesses of a hawk (NED.).

=tertia,= a regiment of infantry. B. Jonson, New Inn, iii. 1. 6; Dryden,

Conq. of Granada, II. i. 1 (K. Ferdinand). Span. _tercio_, a regiment, a

third part (Stevens).

=testate,= a witness. Heywood, Witches of Lancs., v (Generous); vol. iv,

p. 251; Iron Age, Part II (Orestes); vol. iii, p. 422.

=testy,= witness; ‘Gives testies of their Maisters amorous hart’, Faire

Em, ii. 1. 100. Cp. L. _teste_, the word which began the last clause of

a writ, and signifying ‘witness’; being the abl. of L. _testis_, a

witness. See NED. (s.v. Teste, sb.^{2} 2 c).

=tetchy, teachy,= quick to take offence, short-tempered, testy. Spelt

_teachy_, Earle, Microcosm., § 34 (ed. Arber, 56); _teachie_, Romeo, i.

3. 32 (1592). See NED.

=tetragrammaton,= the Greek name of the Hebrew ‘four-lettered’ word,

written Y H W H, vocalized Y a H W e H by modern scholars; in the BIBLE

written JEHOVAH (Exod. vi. 3), but gen. rendered by ‘the LORD’; ‘Our

English tongue as well as the Hebrew hath a Tetragrammaton, whereby God

may be named; to wit, Good’, Wither, Lord’s Prayer, 17 (NED.); Greene,

Friar Bacon, iv. 3. Gk. τετραγράμματον (Philo, 2. 152).

=tettish, teatish,= peevish, fretful. Beaumont and Fl., Wit without

Money, v. 2 (Valentine); Woman’s Prize, v. 1 (Bianca).

=tew,= a set of fishing-nets, nets. Warner, Alb. England, bk. vi, ch.

29, st. 27; spelt _tewgh_, Fletcher, Mons. Thomas, i. 3 (NED.). ME.

_tewe_, fishing tackle (Prompt. EETS. 477), OE. (_ge_)_tǣwe_, _getāwe_,

tackle, equipment.

=tew,= to convert hide into leather; ‘I tewe leather, _je souple_’,

Palsgrave; to prepare for some purpose, ‘The toiling fisher here is

tewing of his net’, Drayton, Pol. xxv. 139; to beat, thrash, Fletcher,

Beggar’s Bush, iii. 2 (Clause); _to tew hemp_, Ray’s Country Words, A.D.

1691. In prov. use for dressing leather and beating hemp, see EDD. (s.v.

Tew, vb.^{1} 1 and 2). ME. _tewyn lethyr_, ‘frunio, corrodio’ (Prompt.).

=tewly,= scarlet. Skelton, Garl. of Laurell, 798. Silk of this colour is

often referred to by earlier writers, as in Richard Coer de Lion, 67,

1516, Syr Gawayne, Beves of Hamtoun (Halliwell, s.v. Tuly); _tuly_,

colowre, ‘puniceus’ (Prompt. EETS. 494). OF. _tieulé_, of the colour of

a tile, i.e. red (Godefroy), deriv. of _tieule_ (F. _tuile_), a tile, L.

_tegula_.

=teyle;= see =teil-tree.=

=teyned.= ‘In shape of teyned gold’, Golding, Metam. v. 11. ME. _teyne_,

a slender rod of metal (Chaucer, C. T. G. 1225, 1229, 1240). Icel.

_teinn_, rod, _gull-teinn_, a rod of gold.

=than,= then. Spenser, F. Q. v. 11. 38 (Common).

=tharborough,= a form of =thirdborough,= q.v. L. L. L. i. 1. 185.

=thatch’d head,= a term of abuse for an Irishman; one with thick matted

hair. Beaumont and Fl., Coxcomb, ii. 3 (Maria).

=thee,= to thrive, prosper. Tusser, Husbandry, § 10. 8; Spenser, F. Q.

ii. 1. 33; ii. 11. 17. ME. _thee_ (Chaucer), OE. _þēon_. See Dict. M.

and S. (s.v. Theen).

=thembatel,= for _the embatel_, the battlement; ‘Griped for hold

thembatel of the wall’, Surrey, tr. of Aeneid, ii. 581. Not found

elsewhere.

=therm, tharm,= an intestine. Ascham, Toxophilus (ed. Arber, 100). Still

in use in the north country, see EDD. (s.v. Tharm). OE. (Anglian)

_þarm_, a bowel.

=thewes,= good qualities or habits. Spenser, F. Q. i. 9. 3; i. 10. 4;

ii. 1. 33; ii. 10. 59; Heywood, Britain’s Troy, i. 61 (Nares). Hence

_thewed_, having qualities of a certain kind, F. Q. ii. 6. 26. OE.

_þēaw_, usage, custom, habit.

=thewes,= the bodily powers of a man, in Shaks. the bodily proportions

as indicating physical strength, 2 Hen. IV, iii. 2. 276; Jul. Caes. i.

3. 81; Hamlet, i. 3. 12.

=thick,= a thicket. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 1. 39; ii. 3. 21; Shep. Kal.,

March, 73; Fletcher, Faithful Shepherdess, v. 5 (Cloe; near the end). In

Suffolk groves and woods with close underwood are called ‘thicks’, see

EDD. (s.v. Thick, 14).

=thiller,= the shaft-horse in a team. Tusser, Husbandry, § 17. 4. In

gen. prov. use in the Midlands and south of England, see EDD. Deriv. of

ME. _thylle_ of a cart, ‘temo’ (Prompt.).

=thill-horse,= the shaft-horse; ‘The Thill-horse in Charles’s Wain’,

Derham (NED.). In common use in various parts of England, see EDD. (s.v.

Thill, sb.^{1} 2 4). See =fill.=

=thirdborough,= the petty constable of a township or manor. L. L. L. i.

1. 185; cp. Taming Shrew, Induct, i. 12; B. Jonson, Tale of a Tub, i. 1

(Hugh). Probably a corruption of an earlier _frithborh_; OE. _friðborh_,

peace-surety, frankpledge. See NED.

=thirdendale:= phr. _thirdendale gallant_, the third part of a gallant,

Dekker, If this be not a good Play (Scumbroath); Works, iii. 329. See

=halfendeale.=

=this,= thus. Skelton, Death of Edw. IV, 38; Philip Sparowe, 366; and

often.

=tho,= then. Spenser, F. Q. i. 1. 18; ii. 8. 47. ME. _tho_, then

(Chaucer). see M. and S.; OE. _þā_.

=thole,= the dome of a temple, within which votive offerings were

suspended; ‘Let Altars smoake and Tholes expect our spoiles’, Fisher,

True Trojans, iii. 2 (Nennius). Gk. θόλος, a round building with a

cupola; at Athens, the Rotunda in which the Prytanes, the committee of

50, dined at the public cost.

=thorow-lights,= lights or windows on both sides of a room. Bacon, Essay

45, § 3. From _thorow_ = through.

=thrall,= _v._, to enthral, enslave. Spenser, F. Q. v. 5. 29; vi. 11.

44.

=threap,= to rebuke; to maintain obstinately. Greene, James IV,

Induction (Bohan); _threpped_, pp., Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, iv. 354.

In gen. prov. use in both senses in Scotland, Ireland, and in England,

north country and Midlands. See EDD. (s.v. Threap, 5); ME. _threpe_, to

assert to be (Chaucer). OE. _þrēapian_, to rebuke, argue.

=threave,= a large number, a multitude, a swarm of insects; ‘Threaves of

busy flies’, Chapman, tr. of Iliad, ii. 401 (in later ed. ‘swarms of

flies’); a bundle or handful tied up like a small sheaf, Chapman, Gent.

Usher, ii. 1 (Bassiolo). The word is used in many parts of Scotland and

England in the sense of a considerable number or quantity, see EDD.

(s.v. Thrave, sb. 3). Icel. _þrefi_, a number of sheaves.

=three-farthings.= King John, i. 143. Alluding to the very thin

three-farthing (silver) pieces of Qu. Elizabeth, which bore her profile,

with a rose at the back of her head.

=three-pile,= three-piled velvet. The richest kind of velvet was called

_three-pile_ or _three-piled velvet_, presumably because it had a triple

(or a very close) pile or nap; Wint. Tale, iv. 3. 14. _Three-piled

piece_, referring to velvet, i. 2. 33. Metaphorically, _three-piled_ =

exaggerated, L. L. L. v. 2. 407; cp. C. Tourneur, Revenger’s Tragedy, i.

1. From _three_ and _pile_ (4).

=threne,= a lament. Phoenix and Turtle, 49. Hence, _threning_ (spelt

_threnning_); ‘What needs these threnning words and wasted wind?’, Sir

T. Wyatt, To his Love (Wks., ed. Bell, 198). Gk. θρῆνος, a funeral

lament.

=thrill,= to pierce. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 2. 32. Hence, _thrillant_,

piercing. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 4. 46. ME. _thirte_, to pierce (Chaucer, C.

T. A. 2709). OE. _þyrlian_. See =thrull.=

=thrill,= to hurl a weapon. Webster, Appius, iv. 2 (Virginius); Heywood,

Iron Age, Part I, 1632, sig. F (Dyce); Quarles, Sion’s Elegies, ii. 4.

=thring,= to press forward. Mirror for Mag., Caracalla, st. 1. Still in

use in the north country (EDD.). ME. _thringe_, to press, to force one’s

way (Chaucer). OE. _þringan_, to press.

=thrist,= thirst. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 6. 17. _Thristy_, thirsty, id., i.

5. 15. In prov. use in the north country, also in Heref. and Shropshire

(EDD.). ME. _thrist_, thirst; _thriste_, to thirst (Wars Alex. 4683,

3848).

=throat-brisk,= (?) part of the brisket near the throat; spelt

_throte-briske_, Chapman, tr. of Odyssey, iii. 620. Cp.

_throat-sweetbread_ (also _neck-sweetbread_), butcher’s name for the

thymus gland, see NED. (s.v. Throat, 8 d).

=throng,= pressed closely together; ‘Hidden in straw throng’ (i.e. in

straw pressed closely together), B. Jonson, Tale of a Tub, v. 5 (The

fourth Motion). OE. _þrungen_, pp. of _þringan_, to press. See =thring.=

=throw,= a short space, a little while. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 5. 53. ME.

_throw_, a little while (Prompt. EETS., see note, no. 2336). OE.

_þrāge_, ‘for a time’, _þrāh_, a space of time, a course, running. See

M. and S. (s.v. Throwe).

=throwster,= a twister of silk thread for a weaver. Middleton, World

Tost at Tennis (Scholar). In the north country ‘to throw’ is in common

use in the sense of to twist, see EDD. (s.v. Throw, 16). OE. _þrāwan_,

to twist.

=thrull,= to pierce. Morte Arthur, leaf 172. 28; bk. ix, c. 4. See

=thrill.=

=thrum,= a weaving term: the waste end of a warp; _thrumm’d_, furnished

with tufts, Drayton, Pol. xxiii. 319; untidily thatched, Middleton,

Mich. Term, i. 2. 6; _thrum-chinned_, with rough untidy chin, id., A

Trick to Catch, iv. 3. 7; ‘(A) plaine livery-three-pound-thrum’, B.

Jonson, Alchem. i. 1. 16 (applied jocularly to a person). ME. _thrumm_

of a clothe, ‘filamen’ (Prompt.). Cp. Norw. dial. _trumm_, edge, brim

(Aasen); Du. ‘_drom_, a thrum’ (Sewel); G. _trumm_.

=thrum,= to beat, Dekker, Honest Wh., Pt. I, iii. 1 (George). An old

Suffolk word (EDD.).

=thrust,= thirst; to thirst. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 2. 29; iii. 7. 50. OE.

_þurst_, thirst. See =thrist.=

=tial,= a bond, tie, obligation; ‘Nor to contract with such (a woman)

can be a Tial’, Fletcher, Wildgoose Chase, ii. 1 (Mirabel). A Scotch

word (EDD.). See =tyall.=

=Tib-of-the-buttery,= a goose (Cant). Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, v. 1

(Higgen). ‘Tib’ is a pet form of the Christian name Isabel; Tibbie was

once a favourite name with the peasants of the Lowlands. See NED.

=ticket, on the,= on tick, like one who incurs an acknowledged debt.

Shirley, Bird in a Cage, ii. 1. 17.

=tickle,= not to be depended upon; uncertain, unreliable, changeable.

Spenser, F. Q. vi. 3. 5; vii. 8. 1; in unstable equilibrium, easily

upset, easily set in motion; in phr. _tickle of the sear_ (_sere_),

easily made to go off (the ‘sear’ being a portion of a gun-lock), used

_fig._ in Hamlet for yielding easily to any impulse (ii. 2. 327). ME.

_tikel_, unstable, uncertain (Chaucer, C. T. A. 3428).

=tickle-footed,= uncertain, inconstant, Beaumont and Fl., Scornful Lady,

v. 4 (Elder Loveless).

=ticklish,= easily disturbed, Chapman, Widow’s Tears, ii. 2 (Arsace).

=tick-tack,= a complicated kind of backgammon, played both with men and

pegs; for rules, see the Compleat Gamester. Meas. for M. i. 2. 196; B.

Jonson, Every Man in Hum. iii. 3 (Kiteley). Du. _tiktak_. tick-tack;

‘_tiktakbörd_, tick-tack-tables, backgammon tables’ (Sewel); cp. G.

_tricktrack_, backgammon.

=tiddle,= to pet, to spoil; said of parents and children; ‘My parents

did tiddle me’, Nice Wanton, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, ii. 173. Hence

_tidlings_, pets, spoilt children, id., 164. In prov. use in Berks.,

meaning to tend carefully; to bring up a young animal by hand (EDD.).

=tie-dog,= a bandog; a fierce dog who has to be tied up. Udall, tr. of

Apoph., Diogenes, § 140. See Nares.

=tiego,= a dizziness in the head. Massinger, A Very Woman, iv. 3

(Borachia). The expression is put into the mouth of an ignorant woman;

it seems to represent _’tigo_, short for Lat. _vertigo_.

=tiffany,= a kind of thin transparent silk; also a gauze muslin.

Fletcher, Noble Gentleman, i. 1 (Marine); Shirley, Witty Fair One, ii. 1

(Treedle). Apparently the same word as _Tiffany_, a name for the

festival of the Epiphany. OF. _Tiphanie_ (Godefroy), Eccles. L.

_Theophania_, Eccles. Gk. Θεοφάνεια, the Manifestation of God. See

Ducange (s.v. Theophania).

=tight, tite.= Of a ship: water-tight; ‘Twelve tite Gallies’, Tam.

Shrew, ii. 1. 381; competent, capable; vigorous, stout, Ant. and Cl. iv.

4. 16; neat, trim, carefully dressed, ‘But you look so bright, And are

dress’d so tight’, Farquhar, Beaux Strat. i. 1. In prov. use in various

senses in all parts of the English-speaking world: e.g. in good health,

sound, vigorous (E. Anglia); neat, trim (Scotland); see EDD. See =tith.=

=tight,= _pt. t._, tied, Spenser, F. Q. vi. 12. 34.

=tiller,= in archery, the wooden beam which is grooved for reception of

the arrow, or drilled for the bolt; ‘The beanie or tiller (of a

balista)’, Holland, Amm. Marcell. 221 (NED.); ‘_Arbrier_, the tillar of

a crosse-bow’, Cotgrave; a stock or shaft fixed to a long-bow to admit

of its being used as a cross-bow, for greater precision of aim, Beaumont

and Fl., Philaster, ii. 2 (Galatea); a bow fitted with a tiller, id.,

Scornful Lady, v. 1 (Elder Loveless); _tiller-bow_, a cross-bow, see

Roberts, English Bowman (ed. 1801, p. 261), quoted by Croft (Sir T.

Elyot, Governour, i. 297); _tillering_, the putting of a bow upon a

tiller, Ascham, Toxophilus, 114. OF. _telier_ (_tellier_), the wooden

beam of a cross-bow, orig. a weaver’s beam (Godefroy), Mod. L.

_telarium_ (Ducange), L. _tela_, a web.

=tilly-vally,= an exclamation of contempt at what has been said, like

our ‘nonsense!’ Twelfth Nt. ii. 3. 83; _Tilly-fally_, 2 Hen. IV, ii. 4.

90. _Tille valle, Tille vallee!_, an exclamation used by Mrs. Alice

More, not liking her husband’s question, ‘Is not this house (in the

Tower) as nighe heaven as myne owne (at Chelsea)?’, see Life of Sir T.

More, by W. Roper (More’s Utopia, ed. Lumby, p. xlv).

=tim,= a poor wretch; a term of abuse. B. Jonson, Alchem. iv. 4

(Kastril).

=timonist,= misanthrope. Beaumont and Fl., Knight of Malta, v. 2

(Astorius). Alluding to Timon of Athens.

=tinct,= to tinge, colour. B. Jonson, Alchemist, ii. 1 (Subtle);

_tinct_, pp. dyed, tinged, Spenser, Shep. Kal., Nov., 107. L. _tinctus_,

dyed.

=tincture,= a colouring matter, Dryden, Juvenal, Ded. 36; hue, colour,

‘The tincture of a skin’, Addison, Cato, i. 4; a spiritual principle or

immaterial substance whose character or quality may be infused into

material things, which are then said to be tinctured, ‘Nothing can be so

mean, Which with his tincture (“for thy sake”) will not grow bright and

clean’, Herbert, The Elixir.

=tind,= to kindle; ‘As one candle tindeth a thousand’, Sanderson-Serm.

(ed. 1689, p. 56) (NED.); _tind_, pt. t. ‘Stryful Atin in their stub,

borne mind Coles of contention and whot vengeance tind’, Spenser, F. Q.

ii. 8. 11. In Phaer, tr. of Aeneid, viii. 410, we find _tinne_ (to

kindle). ‘Tind’ is in gen. prov. use in various parts of England (EDD.).

Wyclif has _tend_: ‘No man tendeth a lanterne’ (Luke xi. 33). See NED.

for an account of the earlier form-history of the word. See =teend.=

=tine,= to kindle, inflame; ‘As late the clouds . . . Tine the slant

lightning’, Milton, P. L. x. 1075; ‘The priest . . . was seen to tine

The cloven wood’, Dryden, Iliad, i. 635. A form of _tind_ (to kindle),

in prov. use in various parts of England. See EDD. (s.v. Tind).

=tine,= to perish, to be lost. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 11. 36. In prov. use

in Scotland in this sense, and also, meaning ‘to lose’; see EDD. (s.v.

Tine, vb.^{1}). The original sense of the word was ‘to lose’. ME.

_tine_, to lose (Hampole, Psalter, lxi. 10); Icel. _tȳna_, to lose, to

destroy, put to death.

=tine,= affliction, sorrow. Spenser, F. Q. i. 9. 15; Tears of the Muses,

3; Fletcher, Faithful Shepherdess, i. 3 (Cloe); to feel pain, F. Q. ii.

11. 21. OE. _tȳnan_, to give pain, to vex. See =teen.=

=tintamar, tintimar,= a confused noise, hubbub. Spelt _tintamar_,

Howell, Famil. Letters, vol. i, sect. i. 19, § 2; _tintimar_, Vanbrugh,

The Confederacy, v. 2 (Mrs. Amlet). F. _tintamarre_, ‘A clashing or

crashing, a rustling or gingling noise made in the fall of wooden stuff,

or vessels of metal; also a black Santus’ (Cotgr.). See =sanctus.=

=tinternall,= the name of an old tune or burden for a song. Gascoigne,

ed. Hazlitt, i. 430. Cp. F. _tinton_, the burden of a song; from

_tinter_, to ring.

=tip for tap,= tit for tat; one hit in requital for another. Gascoigne,

ed. Hazlitt, i. 463. See NED. (s.v. Tip, sb.^{2}).

=tipe over,= to tilt over, overthrow; ‘I type over, I overthrow, _je

renverse_’, Palsgrave; ‘She tiped the table over and over’, Udall, tr.

of Apoph., Socrates, § 83. In prov. use in north of England, Shropshire,

and E. Anglia (EDD.). ME. _type_, to tilt over, knock down, see NED.

(s.v. Tip, vb.^{2}).

=tiphon,= a ‘typhoon’, whirlwind; ‘A mental tiphon’, Shirley, Example,

ii. 1 (Vainman). Gk. τυφῶν = τυφώς, a furious whirlwind (Sophocles).

=tippet:= in phr. _to turn one’s tippet_, to change one’s course or

behaviour completely; to act the turncoat. B. Jonson, Case is Altered,

iii. 3 (Aurelia); also, _to change one’s tippet_, Merry Devil of

Edmonton, iii. 2. 139; ‘He changed his typpette, and played the

Apostata’, Foxe, Book of Martyrs, 1049. 2 (NED.).

=tipstaff,= a staff with a tip or cap of metal, carried as a badge by

certain officials. Mercury’s caduceus is called a ‘snaky tipstaff’, B.

Jonson, Cynthia’s Revels, i. 1 (Cupid); an official carrying a tipped

staff, a sheriff’s officer, an officer appointed to wait upon a court in

session; ‘Then their Lordships . . . commissioned Atterbury the Tipstaff

to fetch a smith to force them open’, Magd. Coll. and Jas. II. p. 148

(Oxf. Hist. Soc).

=tire,= a ‘tier’, row, rank. Spenser, F. Q. i. 4. 35; Milton, P. L. vi.

605; Fletcher, Span. Curate, iv. 7 (near the end); Dryden, Hind. and P.

iii. 317. OF. _tire_, row, rank (Godefroy); ‘_tire à tire_, l’un après

l’autre’ (Didot); O. Prov. _tiera_, _teira_, ‘suite, série’ (Levy).

=tire,= to ‘attire’, L. L. L. iv. 2. 131. Hence _tire-men_, dressers

belonging to the theatre, Middleton, Your Five Gallants, ii. 1

(Fitsgrave). _Tire_, a head-dress, Two Gent. iv. 4. 190; spelt _tier_,

London Prodigal, iv. 3. 32; _tire-valiant_, a fanciful head-dress, Merry

Wives, iii. 3. 60.

=tire,= to prey or feed ravenously upon. 3 Hen. VI, i. 1. 269; Venus and

Ad. 56; Marlowe, 1 Tamburlaine, ii. 7; Fletcher, Love’s Pilgrimage, iii.

2 (Leocadia). ‘_Tiring_ (in Falconry) is a giving the Hawk a Leg or

Pinion of a Pullet or Pigeon to pluck at’, Phillips, Dict. 1706. ME.

_tyren_, to tear, rend (Chaucer, Boethius, iii. 12. 49). F. _tirer_, to

draw, pull, tug; see NED. (s.v. Tire, vb.^{2} 2).

=tirik,= a mechanical device explaining astronomical phenomena, a

‘theorick’; ‘He turnyd his tirikkis, his volvell ran fast’, Skelton,

Speke Parrot, 139; Garl. of Laurell, 1518. See NED. (s.v. Theoric, sb.

3).

=tirliry-pufkin,= a light and flighty woman. Ford, Lady’s Trial, iii. 1.

=tit,= a small creature, young thing; _a tit of tenpence_, a girl worth

tenpence; a depreciatory epithet. Fletcher, Woman’s Prize, iv. 2

(Petruchio).

=tite:= phr. _swithe and tite_, quickly and at once, Gammer Gurton’s

Needle, i. 4. 13. Very common in the phr. _as tite_, as soon, as lief,

in the north country, see EDD. (s.v. Tite, adv.^{2}). ME. _tite_,

quickly; _as tyte as_, as soon as (Wars Alex. 219, 693). Icel. _tītt_,

at once with all speed; see Icel. Dict. (s.v. Tīðr).

=tith,= a variant of =tight= (q.v.). Of a ship: water-tight, Fletcher,

Woman’s Prize, iii. 5; sound in body, ‘A good stanch wench, that’s

tith’, id., Mons. Thomas, ii. 3 (Thomas). The compar. _tither_ occurs in

The Mad Lover, iii. 3 (Chilax) in a nautical allusion. _Tithly_,

vigorously, Island Princess, i. 1. 20; closely, Women Pleased, iv. 3

(Penurio).

=tithe,= to decimate. Beaumont and Fl., Bonduca, ii. 1 (Penius).

=titillation,= a means of titillating, producing a pleasant sensation,

used of a perfume. B. Jonson, Alchem. iv. 2 (Face).

=titivil= (=tytyvyllus=), a term of reprobation, a knave, villain, and

esp. a mischievous tale-bearer, Hall, Henry VI (ed. 1542, f. 43);

Skelton, Garl. Laurell, 642; Colyn Cloute, 418; ‘_Coquette_, a pratling

or proud gossip . . . a titifill, a flebergebit’, Cotgrave; _titifil_,

Heywood’s Proverbs (ed. Farmer, 24). Originally, the name of a devil

said to collect fragments of words dropped, skipped, or mumbled in the

recitation of the daily offices, and to carry them to hell to be

registered against the offender; the name occurs in the mystery plays.

Myrrour of our Ladye, i. 20. 54. See note to P. Plowman, C. xiv. 123.

See NED. for a full and interesting account of this curious creation of

monastic wit.

=titivilitium,= an exclamation of contempt. B. Jonson, Silent Woman, iv.

1 (Otter). L. _titivillitium_, a small trifle (used once by Plautus).

=to,= in comparison with. Temp. i. 2. 480, &c.

=to-,= prefix, in twain, asunder, in pieces. The following examples

occur in Caxton’s Hist. of Troye: _to-breke_ (pt. t. _to-brake_), to

break in pieces; _to-breste_, to burst asunder; _to-bruse_, to bruise in

pieces; _to-drawe_, to draw asunder; _to-frusshe_, to break in pieces;

_to-hewe_, to hew in pieces; _to-rente_, to rend in pieces. Malory’s

Morte Arthur has _to-cratche_, to tear to pieces; _to-ryue_, to rive

asunder; _to-sheuer_, to reduce to shivers. See NED. (s.v. To-,

pref.^{2}).

=toadstone,= a stone fabled to be found in a toad’s head, which could

cure pain instantly. See As You Like It, ii. 1. 13; Fletcher, Woman’s

Prize, v. 1 (Livia); Mons. Thomas, iii. 1 (Thomas).

=toase,= to pluck, to pull, draw. Winter’s Tale, iv. 4. 760; ‘It is a

great craft to tose wolle wel’, Palsgrave. ME. _tosyn_ or tose wul or

odyre lyk, ‘carpo’ (Prompt. EETS. 501). See =tooze.=

=toater;= see =toter.=

=to-boil,= to boil thoroughly, boil down. Webster, Duch. of Malfi, ii. 5

(Ferdinand).

=to-break,= to break in pieces; ‘So inward force my heart doth all

to-break’, Sir T. Wyatt, The Lover compareth (ed. Bell, p. 200);

_to-brake_, pt. t., ‘And all to brake his scull’, BIBLE, Judges ix. 53.

See Dict. M. and S. (s.v. Tobreken). OE. _tobrecan_, pt. t. _tobræc_.

=tod,= a fox. B. Jonson, Sad Shepherd, i. 2 (Tuck); Pan’s Anniversary,

Hymn iv, l. 12. A north-country word; Jamieson says, ‘the fox is

vulgarly known by no other name throughout Scotland’, see EDD. (s.v.

Tod, sb.^{2}).

=tod,= a bushy mass (esp. of ivy). Spenser, Sheph. Kal., March, 67;

Beaumont and Fl., Bonduca, i. 1 (Caratach); id., Rule a Wife, iv. 3

(Juan). In E. Anglia the word is in use for the head of a pollard tree,

see EDD. (s.v. Tod, sb.^{5} 1).

=to-dash,= to dash in pieces. Sackville, Mirror for Mag., Induction, st.

18.

=todder,= slime; the spawn of frogs or toads; ‘Where in their todder

loathly paddocks breed’, Drayton, Moses, bk. ii, 116. In prov. use in

Leic. for the spawn of frogs or toads, see EDD. (s.v. Tother, sb. 3).

†=toderer,= a man of loose life. Marston, Malcontent, i. 1 (Malevole).

†=tods;= ‘I wear out my naked legs and my foots and my teds’, Dekker, O.

Fortunatus. iv. 2 (Andelocia). A misreading for ‘toes’.

=tofore,= formerly. Titus And. iii. 1; Spenser, F. Q. iv. 4. 7. ME.

_toforn_, beforehand (Chaucer); _tofore_, prep. before (P. Plowman, B.

v. 457).

=to-frusshed,= _pp._ broken to pieces, crushed, battered. ‘All

to-frusshed’, Warner, Alb. England, bk. ii, ch. 12, st. 33. See =frush.=

=toft,= taut, tightly drawn, Peele, Tale of Troy, ed. Dyce, p. 554. See

NED. (s.v. Taut, adj. 2). See EDD. (s.v. Taut). ME. _toght_, tightly

drawn (Chaucer, C. T. D. 2267).

=token,= a small coin, struck by private individuals to pass for a

farthing. _Tavern-token_, Westward Ho, ii. 3 (Birdlime); ‘Not worth a

tavern-token’, Massinger, New Way to Pay, i. 1 (Tapwell).

=tole,= to entice, draw on. Beaumont and Fl., Wit at sev. Weapons, iv. 2

(near the end); _tole on_, Fletcher, Faithful Shepherdess, i. 1

(Clorin). In prov. use in various parts of England, see EDD. (s.v. Toll,

vb.^{2} 1). ME. _tollen_, to attract, entice (Chaucer, Boethius, ii. 7.

15).

=toledo,= a Toledo sword. Webster, White Devil (Flamineo); near the end;

Beaumont and Fl., Love’s Cure, iii. 4 (Bobadilla).

=ton,= a tunny-fish. Middleton, Game at Chess, v. 3 (B. Knight). F.

_thon_, a tunny-fish (Cotgr.); L. _thunnus_; Gk. θύννος.

=tone:= _the tone_, for _thet one_, i.e. that one, the one. Golding, tr.

of Ovid, Preface, 96; cp. _the tother_, for _thet other_, that other,

the other (in the same line). Just below, l. 105, we find _tone part_,

for _the tone part_, i.e. the one part. See Nares.

=tonnell;= see =tunnel.=

=tony,= a simpleton. In Middleton, The Changeling, i. 2 (Lollio), we

find _Tony_ used as an abbreviation of Antony, and at the same time

signifying a simpleton; ‘Be pointed at for a tony’, Wycherley, Plain

Dealer, iii (Freeman); _tonies_, pl. Dryden, All for Love, Prol., 15.

=toot;= see =tote.=

=toothful,= toothsome, delicious. Massinger, Virgin Martyr, v. 1

(Theoph.).

=too-too,= extremely, very. Hamlet, i. 2. 129; Two Noble Kinsmen, v. 4.

15 (Common); _toto muche_, Udall, tr. of Apoph., Diogenes, § 42.

=tooze,= to tease wool; ‘Toozing wooll’, Golding, Metam. xiv. 265; fol.

170 (1603); ‘I toose wolle or cotton or suche lyke, _Je force de la

laine_, and _je charpis de la laine_’, Palsgrave. See =toase.=

=top-ayle,= highest spike or beard of an ear of corn. Chapman, tr. of

Iliad, xx. 211. ‘Ails’ (‘iles’) is in prov. use in the south of England

for the beards or awns of barley or any other bearded grain, see EDD.

(s.v. Ail, sb.^{2}). OE. _egl_, ‘festuca’ (Luke vi. 41).

=tope,= I pledge you; lit. touch (or strike) my glass with yours.

Shirley, Honoria, v. 1 (2 Soldier). See Dict. (s.v. Toper).

=topsiturne,= to upset, turn upside down; ‘This object . . . Which

topsiturnes my braine’, Heywood, Iron Age (Ajax), vol. iii, p. 341; ‘All

things are topside-turn’d’, id., Dialogue 9, in vol. vi, p. 214.

=tormentour,= a torturer, one deputed to torture and punish offenders,

an executioner. Udall, tr. of Apoph., Diogenes, § 49; BIBLE, Matt.

xviii. 34. ME. _tormentour_, executioner (Chaucer, C. T. G. 527).

=tortious,= injurious, wrongful. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 2. 18. See Dict.

(s.v. Tort).

=torved,= stern. Webster, Appius and Virginia, v. 3 (Virginius). For

_torvid_, Med. L. _torvidus_ (Ducange).

†=toss, tosses,= _pl._ (?). Massinger, Picture, ii. 2 (Honoria).

=tote,= to look, gaze; ‘How often dyd I tote Upon her prety fote’,

Skelton, Phyllyp Sparowe, 1146; spelt _toote_, Speke Parrot, 12; _toot_,

Peele, Arraignment of Paris, i. 2 (Oenone). In prov. use in north of

England down to Warw. in the sense of to peep and pry about, see EDD.

(s.v. Toot, vb.^{2}). ME. _toten_ (P. Plowman, B. xv. 22), OE. _tōtian_,

to look, gaze.

=tote,= to project, stick out; ‘Your tail toteth out behind’, The Four

Elements, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, i. 42; ‘A toting huge swelling ruff’,

Howell’s Letters, bk. i, sect. 3, let. 31, § 7. In prov. use in the

north country, also in Warw., see EDD. (s.v. Toot, vb.^{2} 3).

=toter,= a player upon the horn. B. Jonson, Tale of a Tub, iii. 3 (Pan);

_toater_, Fletcher, Maid in a Mill, iii. 1 (end). See EDD. (s.v. Toot,

vb.^{1}).

=tother:= _the tother_, for _thet other_, the other. See =tone.=

=toto,= variant of =too-too,= q.v.

=totters,= tatters, rags. Ford, Sun’s Darling, i. 1 (Folly’s song);

_tottered_, tattered, Marlowe, Jew of Malta, iv. 5. 6; Edward II, ii. 3.

21; Richard II, iii. 3. 52. Norw. dial. _totra_, a rag, _totror_, pl.

rags, also _taltra_(_r_) (Aasen).

=totty,= unsteady, confused in thought. Spenser, F. Q. vii. 7. 39;

Sheph. Kal., Feb., 55. In prov. use in various parts of England (EDD.).

ME. _toty_: ‘Myn heed is toty of my swink to-night’ (Chaucer, C. T. A.

4253).

=touch,= a trait or feature; ‘One touch of nature makes the whole world

kin’, Tr. and Cr. iii. 3. 175; ‘Evill touches’, Ascham, Scholemaster,

48. _Touch_ = _Touchstone_, Richard III, iv. 2. 8; used also _fig._ with

reference to the trial of gold, 1 Hen. IV, iv. 4. 10.

=touch,= often used for any costly marble; properly the _basanites_ of

the Greeks, a very hard black granite. It obtained the name _touch_ from

being used as a test for gold. It was often written _tutch_ or _tuch_;

‘He built this house of tutch and alabaster’, Harington, tr. Ariosto,

xliii. 14; ‘With alabaster, tuch and porphyry adorned’, Drayton, Pol.

xvi. 45; ‘Thou art not, Penshurst, built to envious show of touch or

marble’, B. Jonson, Forest, B. ii. 2. See Nares. F. _pierre de touche_,

‘sorte de pierre, ainsi appelée, parce qu’on s’en sert pour éprouver

l’or et l’argent en les y frottant’ (Dict. de l’Acad., 1762).

=touch-box,= a box containing powder for priming a fire-arm; ‘Fire the

touch-box’, Return from Parnassus, iv. 2. 8. See =twitch-box.=

=tour,= a lady’s head-dress or wig. Etherege, Man of Mode, ii. 1

(Medley). F. ‘_Un tour de tête_, _un tour_, sorte de petite perruque de

femme’ (Hatzfeld).

=toure, towre,= to see, to look (Cant). To _towre_, to see, Harman,

Caveat, p. 84; _toure out_, Brome, Jovial Crew, ii. 1 (Patrico).

=toward,= in preparation, near at hand. Mids. Night’s D. iii. 1. 81;

Tam. Shrew, i. 1. 68; _towards_, Romeo, i. 5. 124; _towardness_,

docility, Bacon, Essay 19.

=towker,= a ‘tucker’, a fuller of cloth. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i,

c. 14, § 4. ME. _towkere_, ‘fullo’ (Voc. 629. 2), _towker_, P. Plowman,

A. Prol. 100. See Dict. M. and S. (s.v. Tokker).

=town-top,= Fletcher, Nightwalker, i. 3 (Nurse). See =parish-top.=

=to-wry,= to hide, conceal; ‘Your sighs you fetch from far, And all

to-wry your woe’, Sir T. Wyatt, The Lover’s Case cannot be hidden, 26

(ed. Bell, p. 95). ME. _wrye_, to cover (Chaucer, C. T. E. 887), OE.

_wrēon_, to cover; _wrigen_, pp.

=toy,= a trifle, a trifling ornament. Twelfth Nt. iii. 3. 44; ‘Any toys

for your head’, Winter’s Tale, iv. 4. 326; Bacon, Essay 19; a trifling

matter, something of no value, Othello, i. 3. 270; an idle fancy, whim,

King John, i. 1. 232; Richard III, i. 1. 60; Two Noble Kinsmen, v. 4.

79; Chapman, Bussy D’Ambois, i (Beaupré).

=to-year,= this year. Webster, Duch. of Malfi, ii. 1 (Duchess);

_to-yere_, id., Appius and Virginia, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, iv. 118. In

gen. prov. use in England and Ireland (EDD.). ME. _to-yere_, this year

(Chaucer, C. T. D. 168).

=trace,= the straps by which a vehicle is drawn, traces. Golding, Metam.

ii. 109; fol. 16, back (1603); ‘Trace, horse harnesse, _trays_’,

Palsgrave. ME. _trayce_, horsys harneys, ‘trahale’ (Prompt.). F.

_traits_, pl. of _trait_, ‘the cord or chain that runs between the

horses’ (Cotgr.). _Traces_ is therefore a double plural. See Dict.

=trace,= to follow up a track; to traverse, to move forward. Sackville,

Mirror for Mag., Induction, st. 27; Morte Arthur, leaf 232. 18, bk. x,

ch. 30; Milton, Comus, 427; _trast_, pt. t., Spenser, F. Q. v. 8. 37. In

use in Ireland in the sense of tracking an animal, see EDD. (s.v. Trace,

vb.^{1} 1).

=tract,= to track, follow up, Spenser, F. Q. vi. 7. 3, 17; Greene, Orl.

Fur. i. 1. 101.

=tract:= phr. _tracte of tyme_, duration of time, Sir T. Elyot,

Governour, bk. i, c. 22, § 3; _to tract the time_, to prolong the time,

Mirror for Mag., Gloucester, st. 25. Hence _tracting_, protraction,

prolongation, ‘In the tractynge of tyme’, Latimer, Serm. (ed. Arber,

53). F. ‘_par traict de temps_, in tract of time’ (Cotgr.).

=trade,= track of footsteps, trodden path. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 6. 39; ‘A

common trade to passe through Priam’s house’, Surrey, tr. Aeneid, ii.

593. In north Yorks. the word is in prov. use, meaning a constant

passage backwards and forwards, used of men and animals: ‘A lot of

rabbits here, by the trade they make’, see EDD. (s.v. Trade, 1).

=traditive,= traditional. Dryden, Hind and Panther, ii. 196.

=traduction,= transmission. Dryden, On Mrs. A. Killigrew, 23. _Verbal

traduction_, verbal translation, Cowley, Pref. to Pindaric Odes

(beginning). F. _traduction_, a translation, L. _traductio_, a

transferring, transmission.

=traicte,= to treat. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 15, § 1. F.

_traicter_, to treat (Cotgr.).

=train,= to draw on, allure, entice. Com. Errors, iii. 2. 45; _train

on_, 1 Hen. IV, v. 2. 21. Norm. F. _trainer_, ‘attirer, entrainer,

séduire’ (Moisy).

=trains,= artifices, stratagems. Macbeth, iv. 3. 118; Spenser, F. Q. i.

3. 24; Milton, P. L. xi. 624; Sams. Ag. 533, 932; Comus, 151. ME.

_trayne_, or disseyte, ‘fraus’ (Prompt. EETS. 488). OF. _traine_,

‘trahison’ (Godefroy); cp. F. ‘_traine_, a plot, practice, device’

(Cotgr.).

=tralineate,= to deviate, degenerate. Dryden, Wife of Bath, 396.

Suggested by Ital. _tralignare_, to degenerate (Dante).

=tralucent,= transparent, allowing light to shine through. B. Jonson,

Masque of Hymen, prose description at the end, § 6. The same as

_translucent_, Milton, Comus, 861. L. _tralucere_, _translucere_, to

shine through.

=tramels,= nets for confining the hair, net-work. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 2.

15; Greene, Looking Glasse, ii. 1. 426 (Remilia); p. 122, col. 2. F.

_tramail_, a net (Cotgr.); Ital. _tramaglio_, a drag-net (Fanfani), Med.

L. _tremaculum_, _tremaclum_ (Ducange).

=trampler,= a lawyer. Middleton, A Trick to Catch, i. 4 (Witgood).

=trangame,= a thing of no value (Cant); ‘But go, thou trangame, and

carry back those trangames which thou hast stolen’, Wycherley, Plain

Dealer, iii (Widow).

=translate,= to transform. Mids. Night’s D. iii. 1. 122; B. Jonson,

Every Man in Hum. ii. 4 (Brain-worm).

=translater,= a jocose or slang term for a cobbler who made worn boots

wearable by judicious patching, and mending; ‘Jeffrey the translater’, A

Knack to know a Knave (Cobbler), in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vi. 566. For many

examples of the use of this word for a ‘cobbler’, see EDD. (s.v.

Translate, 1).

=transmew,= to transmute, change. Spenser, F. Q. i. 7. 35; ii. 3. 37.

ME. _transmuwen_ (Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. iv. 467). F. _transmuër_, to

change (Cotgr.). L. _transmutare_. See EDD.

=transmogrify,= to transform. Shadwell, Squire of Alsatia, iii. 1

(Belfond Senior). A playful variant of _transmodify_, by association

with the termination -(_mo_)_graphy_. In gen. prov. and colloquial use

in all English-speaking countries (EDD.).

=transversaries,= the cross-pieces of a cross-staff, which was an old

instrument for taking altitudes and measuring angles. Dekker, Wh. of

Babylon (1 King); Works, ii. 233.

=trash,= (hunting term), to check (a dog) that is too fast by attaching

a weight to its neck; ‘This poor trash of Venice, whom I trash For his

quick hunting’, Othello, ii. 1. 132; ‘Who t’advance, and who To trash

for over-topping’, Tempest, i. 2. 81; Fletcher, Bonduca, i. 1 Caratach).

See Nares. In Cumberland the word _trash_ means a cord used in checking

dogs, see EDD. (s.v. Trash, sb.^{3} 1).

=trash,= to tramp after, to pace along. Puritan Widow, iv. 1. 37. In

prov. use in Lakeland, see EDD. (s.v. Trash, vb.^{1} 1).

=trattle,= to prattle, tattle. Bale, Kynge Johan (Camd. Soc.), p. 73;

Skelton, Against the Scottes, 2. Hence, _trattler_, a prattler, ‘A

tratler is worse than a thief’, Ray, Proverbs (ed. 1678, 357). A Scotch

word, see EDD. (s.v. Trattle, vb.).

=travant,= a halberdier in attendance on the Emperor in Germany.

Chapman, Alphonsus, iii (Alph.). G. _Trabant_, a satellite, halberdier:

cp. Norw. _drabant_, one of the body-guard of Solomon (1 Kings ix. 22),

Magyar _darabant_. See Kluge’s Etym. Germ. Dict., and NED. (s.v.

Drabant).

=travers=(=e,= a movable screen, a sliding door. Marston’s Masque at

Ashby Castle, MS. (Nares); Webster, White Devil (Flamineo), ed. Dyce, p.

45; spelt _traves_, Skelton, Bowge of Courte, 58. ME. _travers_: ‘We

will that our said son be in his chamber . . . the travers drawn anon

upon eight of the clock’ (Letters and Ordinances, 1473, in Nares); so in

Chaucer: ‘Men drinken and the travers drawe anon’ (C. T. E. 1817); also

_travas_, ‘transversum’ (Prompt. EETS. 489, see note, no. 2387). The

word exists in prov. use in Scotland, see EDD. (s.v. Traverse, 2).

=traverse,= to examine thoroughly. Heywood, Rape of Lucrece, ii. 3

(Tarquin).

=tray-trace, trey-trace,= perhaps (like _tray-trip_) the name of a game

at dice. Trey-trip and _trey-trace_, Appius and Virginia, in Hazlitt’s

Dodsley, iv. 118.

=tray-trip,= an old game at dice, in which _tray_ (three) was a

successful throw. Twelfth Nt. ii. 5. 207; B. Jonson, Alchem. v. 2

(Subtle); spelt _tra-trip_, Beaumont and Fl., Scornful Lady, ii. 1

(Roger); _tre-trip_, Mayne, City Match, ii. 4 (Aurelia); ‘Lett’s goe to

dice a while, To passage, trei-trippe, hazard, or mum-chance’,

Machivell’s Dogge, 1617, 4to, sign. B; see Nares. See =trey.=

=treachetour,= a traitor, deceiver. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 8. 7. A

contaminated form; due to ME. _trechour_ (a traitor) and ME. _tregetour_

(a juggler). The latter word is found in Chaucer, Hous of Fame, 1277,

and C. T. F. 1143, see also _tregetowre_, ‘mimus, pantomimus,

prestigiator, joculator’ (Prompt. EETS. 489). Anglo-F. _tregettour_,

juggler (Bozon), deriv. of OF. _tresgeter_, Med. L. _transjectare_, to

throw across, to juggle.

=treachour,= a traitor, Spenser, F. Q. i. 9. 32; ii. 1. 12; ii. 4. 27;

_treacher_, King Lear, i. 2. 133; Beaumont and Fl., Bloody Brother, iii.

1 (Otto); Chapman, Byron’s Tragedy, v. 1 (Byron). ME. _trechour_

(Chaucer, Rom. Rose, 197). OF. _trecheör_ (Bartsch), Romanic type

_trecatórem_, cp. Med. L. _tricator_, ‘deceptor’ (Ducange).

=treague,= a truce. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 2. 33. Ital. and Span. _tregua_,

Mod. L. _tregua_, see Ducange (s.v. Treva); of Germ. origin, cp. OHG.

_triuwa_, truth, a solemn promise (Schade).

=treason,= a surrender. North, tr. Plutarch, Coriolanus, § 17 (in Shaks.

Plut. p. 31). OF. _traïson_, Med. L. _traditio_, ‘cessio, concessio’

(Ducange).

=treen,= pl. of _tree_. Sackville, Mirror for Mag., Induction, st. 1.

ME. _treon_, trees (Laȝamon, 1835, 25978).

=treen,= wooden, made of wood. Spenser, F. Q. i. 2. 39; i. 7. 26;

Chapman, Byron’s Conspiracy, ii (near end); ‘Treene dishes be homely’,

Tusser, Husbandry, 175. In prov. use: _treen-plates_, wooden trenchers,

in E. Anglia (EDD.). ME. _treen_, wooden (Prompt. EETS. 495).

=trench,= to cut. Two Gent. iii. 2. 7; Macb. iii. 4. 27. F. ‘_trencher_,

to cut, carve, slice, hew’ (Cotgr.).

=trenchand,= cutting, sharp. Spenser, F. Q. i. 1. 17. For _trenchant_;

from F. _trencher_, to cut.

=trenchmore,= a lively and boisterous country-dance. Beaumont and Fl.,

Pilgrim, iv. 3 (Master); Island Princess, v. 3 (2 Townsman); London

Prodigal, i. 2. 38; Selden’s Table Talk (s.v. King of England). See

Nares.

=trendle,= a wheel, a hoop. Udall, tr. Apoph., Socrates, § 72; ‘A

cracknel or cake made like a Trendell’, Nomenclator (Nares). In prov.

use, see EDD. (s.v. Trindle, 1, 2). ME. _trendyl_, ‘troclea’ (Prompt.

490). OE. _trendel_, a wheel (Sweet), see =trindill.=

=trendle,= to roll; ‘Like a trendlyng ball’, Gascoigne, Fruites of

Warre, st. 44 (Works, i. 158). In prov. use, see EDD. (s.v. Trindle, 8).

See =trindill.=

=trepidation,= a swaying motion: the libration of the earth. Milton, P.

L. iii. 483.

=trest;= see =trist.=

=tretably,= properly, correctly. Marston, What you Will, iii. 2

(Pedant). OF. _traitable_, tractable.

=trey, tray,= three; at cards or dice. L. L. L. v. 2. 232. Anglo-F.

_treis_, L. _tres_, three.

=treygobet,= the name of a game at dice. Lit. ‘three (and) go better’.

The Interlude of Youth, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, ii. 34.

=trick=(=e,= neat, tidy, elegant. Tusser, Husbandry, § 15. 35; Ascham,

Toxophilus, 6 (Nares); Udall, tr. Apoph., Socrates, § 73; neatly,

skilfully, Peele, Arr. of Paris, i. 1 (Faunus).

=tricker,= a trigger. Butler, Hud. i. 3. 528; Farquhar, Recruiting

Officer, i. 1. Du. _trekker_, a trigger, a puller; _trekken_, to draw,

pull. See Dict.

=trickment,= heraldic emblazonry; ‘Here’s a new tomb, new trickments

too’, Beaumont and Fl., Knt. of Malta, iv. 2 (Norandine); ‘No tomb shall

hold thee But these two arms, no trickments but my tears’, Mad Lover, v.

4 (Calis).

=tricotee,= a kind of dance; ‘A monkey dancing his tricotee’, Lady

Alimony, i. 2 (Trillo). OF. _tricotee_, an involuntary dance by one

compelled by blows (Godefroy); cp. _tricote_, a cudgel; _Tricot_, ‘bâton

gros et court. Il n’est d’usage que dans le discours familier: _Il lui

donna du tricot_’ (Dict. de l’Acad., 1762). Of Germ. origin, see Schado

(s.v. Stric). See Nares.

=trig,= a term of abuse. B. Jonson, Alchem. iv. 4 (Kastril).

=trigon.= The zodiacal signs were combined in _triplicities_, or four

sets of three; each of these formed a trigon. There are four such: (1)

the _fiery_ trigon, Aries, Leo, Sagittarius; (2) the _earthy_ trigon,

Taurus, Virgo, Capricornus; (3) the _airy_ trigon, Gemini, Libra,

Aquarius; (4) the _watery_ trigon, Cancer, Scorpio, Pisces, according to

the four elements, fire, earth, air, water. ‘The fiery trigon’, 2 Hen.

IV, ii. 4. 288; ‘His musics, his trigon’, B. Jonson, Volpone, i. 1

(Nano); Butler, Hud. ii. 3. 905. Gk. τρίγωνον, a triangle.

=trill,= to roll as a ball. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 27, § 7;

to trickle as a tear, Spenser, F. Q. ii. 12. 78; Sir T. Wyatt,

Comparison of Love to a Stream, 2; to twirl, ‘I tryll a whirlygig rounde

aboute, _Je pirouette_’, Palsgrave. In prov. use in sense of to trundle

a hoop, also, to twirl (EDD.). ME. _tryllyn_, ‘volvo’ (Prompt. EETS.

502).

=trillibub,= a trifle, an expression for something trifling. Massinger,

Old Law, iii. 2 (Simonides); Shirley, Hyde Park, iii. 2 (Fairfield); a

cheap food, like tripe, B. Jonson, Barth. Fair, i. 1 (Quarlous). See

Nares. Cp. the prov. words for entrails, tripe, _trollibobs_,

_trullibubs_, _trollibags_, gen. used in phr. _tripe and trollibobs_

(EDD., s.v. Trollibobs). See =trullibub.=

=trim,= neat, elegant, nice, fine; mostly used with irony; ‘The flowers

are sweet, their colours fresh and trim’, Venus and Ad. 1079; ‘Trim

gallants’, L. L. L. v. 2. 363; ‘These trim vanities’, Hen. VIII, i. 3.

37; ornamental dress, Ant. and Cl. iv. 4. 22; ‘Proud-pied April, dressed

in all his trim’, Sonnet 98; phr. _in her trim_, in speaking of ships,

the state of being fully prepared for sailing, ‘Where we in all her trim

freshly beheld our royal ship’, Tempest, v. 236; Com. Errors, iv. 1. 90.

=trim-tram,= a trifle, a worthless speech or thing. Stanyhurst, tr. of

Aeneid, ii. 114. [‘They thought you as great a nincompoop as your

squire—trim-tram, like master, like man’, Smollett, Sir L. Greaves,

xiii.] A reduplicative term used in Scotland, expressive of ridicule or

contempt (EDDA.).

=trindill;= ‘That they take away and destroy all shrines, tables,

candlesticks, trindills, or rolls of wax’, King’s Injunctions, ann.

1547, in Fuller’s Church History.

=trindle-tail.= Fletcher speaks of a cur with ‘a trindle tail’, i.e. a

tail curled round, Love’s Cure, iii. 3. 17; Honest Man’s Fortune, v. 3.

18; spelt _trundle-tail_, a dog with a curled tail, King Lear, iii. 6.

73; _trendle-tail_, B. Jonson, Barth. Fair, ii. 1 (Ursula). See

=trendle.=

=trine,= a combination of three things (viz. youth, wit, and courage),

Mirror for Mag., Cromwell, st. 26.

=trine,= an aspect in which one planet was at an angle of 120 degrees

from another. Dryden, Annus Mirab. 292; ‘A trine aspect’, Beaumont and

Fl., Bloody Brother, iv. 2 (Norbret). Hence, as vb., to conjoin in a

trine, Dryden, Palamon, iii. 389. See =triplicity.=

=trine,= to be hanged (Cant). Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, iii. 3 (Higgen);

Harman, Caveat, p. 31; _trine me_, hang me, Middleton, Roaring Girl, v.

1 (Trapdoor).

=trinket= (=trinquet=)=,= the highest sail of a ship. Hakluyt, Voyages,

iii. 411; ‘_Trinquet_ is properly the top or top-gallant on any mast,

the highest sail of a ship’, Blount, Gloss. (ed. 1674). F. _trinquet_

(Cotgr.), Span. and Port. _trinquete_, deriv. of _trinca_, a rope for

lashing fast; of Germ. origin, cp. G. _strick_; see Reinhardstöttner,

Portuguese Gram. (1878), § 31, and Schade (s.v. Strickan).

=trinket,= a porringer; esp. one made with a handle, like a teacup, as

it is to be hung upon a pin. Tusser, Husbandry, § 17. 3.

=trinket= (=trenket=)=,= a shoemaker’s knife; ‘Trenket, an instrument

for a cordwayner, _batton a torner_ (_soulies_)’, Palsgrave [also spelt

_trynket_]. ME. _trenket_ (Voc. 562. 3); _trenkett_, ‘ansorium’ (Cath.

Angl.); _trenkette_ (Prompt. 490, see note, no. 2395). Cp. F.

_tranchet_: ‘A shoomakers round cutting knife: _tranchet de

cordouanier_’ (Sherwood).

=triplicity,= a combination of three zodiacal signs in the form of an

equilateral triangle; ‘And how the signs in their _triplicities_, By

sympathizing in their trine consents’, &c., Drayton, Man in the Moon,

458. See =trigon.=

=trist, trest,= the station where a hunter was placed to watch the game.

_At the trest_, Morte Arthur, leaf 382, back, 14; bk. xviii, c. 21; _at

the tryst_, Master of Game, ch. 16 (end). ME. _triste_, an appointed

station in hunting (Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. ii. 1534), _tryster_ (Gawain),

_tristre_ (Anc. R.). OF. _triste_, _tristre_ (Godefroy). See Dict. (s.v.

Tryst).

=trisulke,= three-forked, triple. Heywood, Golden Age, A. iii (Saturn);

vol. iii, p. 43; Brazen Age (Hercules), p. 250; a trident, three-forked

spear, Heywood, Dialogue 4 (Timon); vol. vi, p. 160. L. _trisulcus_,

three-forked (Virgil).

=troad, trode,= track of footsteps, beaten path. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 10.

5; Shep. Kal., July, 14; Gascoigne, ed. Hazlitt, ii. 325. ‘Trod’,

meaning a beaten track, a foot-path, is a north-country word down to

Lincoln (EDD.).

=troll, troul, trowl,= to roll; ‘To troll the tongue’, Milton, P. L. xi.

620; to circulate or pass round, as a vessel of liquor at a carouse,

‘Troul the bowl’, Beaumont and Fl., Knight of the B. Pestle, ii. 5

(Merrythought); Dekker, Shoemakers’ Holiday, v. 4 (Song); to sing a tune

in succession, ‘Troll the catch’, Tempest, iii. 2. 126; Beaumont and

Fl., Philaster, v. 3 (Dion). In prov. use in various parts of England in

the sense of to roll, to circulate, see EDD. (s.v. Troll, vb.^{1}). ME.

_trollyn_, ‘volvo’ (Prompt.).

=troll-my-dames,= the name of a game; ‘A fellow, sir, that I have known

to go about with troll-my-dames’, Wint. Tale, iv. 3. 92 (Autolycus).

Also called _pigeon-holes_; also _nine-holes_ (described by Strutt). The

game was played with a board, at one end of which were a number of

arches, like pigeon-holes, into which small balls were to be bowled; see

Nares. The word _troll-my-dames_ is a corruption of the French name for

the game _Trou-Madame_; see Cotgrave.

=tromp,= to deceive. B. Jonson, New Inn, i. 1 (Host). F. _tromper_. Cp.

EDD. (s.v. Trump, vb.^{3}).

=trossers,= tight drawers. Beaumont and Fl., Coxcomb, ii. 3 (Maria);

Hen. V, iii. 7. 57 (so most modern edds.). See =strossers.=

=trot,= an old woman. Tam. Shrew, i. 2. 80; used of a man, Meas. for M.

iii. 2. 54; Gammer Gurton, ii. 8; Warner, Albion, ii. p. 47 (Nares). In

prov. use (EDD.). Anglo-F. _trote_: ‘la viele trote’ (Gower, Mirour,

17900).

=trouchman;= see =truchman.=

=troul, trowl;= see =troll.=

=trow,= to think, believe, suppose; ‘I trow not’, BIBLE, Luke xvii. 9; 2

Hen. VI, ii. 4. 38; v. 1. 85. _I trow_, added to questions expressive of

contemptuous or indignant surprise; ‘Who’s there, I trow?’, Merry Wives,

i. 4. 140; ii. 1. 64; also _trow_ alone; ‘What is the matter, trow?’,

Cymbeline, i. 6. 47. In prov. use in the north country (EDD.). ME.

_trowen_ (Chaucer, C. T. A. 691), OE. _trūwian_, to believe confidently,

to trust in a person or thing (Sweet).

=trowses,= close-fitting drawers; ‘Four wild Irish in trowses’, Ford,

Perkin Warbeck, iii. 1 (Stage-direction); B. Jonson, Staple of News, i.

1 (Pennyboy Junior); hence, _trowzed_, clad in ‘trowses’, ‘Poor trowz’d

Irish’, Drayton, Pol. xxii. 1577. F. _trousses_, the breeches of a page

(Littré); cp. O. Irish _truibhas_, close-fitting breeches and stockings

(O’Curry, Introd., p. 384); Irish _triubhas_ (Dinneen). See Dict. (s.v.

Trousers).

=Troy-novant,= or =New Troy,= London. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 10. 46; Peele,

Descensus Astraeae, l. 18 from end; id., A Farewell, &c., l. 4;

‘Geoffrey of Monmouth . . . reporteth that Brute lineally descended from

the demi-god Aeneas . . . about the year of the world 2855, and 1108

before the nativity of Christ, built this city (London) near unto the

river now called Thames, and named it Troynovant or Trenovant’, Stow’s

Survey (ed. Thoms, 1). London was the capital of the British tribe, the

_Trinobantes_, one of its ancient names being _Augusta Trinobantum_,

whence the Anglo-F. _Troynovant_; but by popular etymology _Troynovant_

was connected with the _Troia nova_ (new Troy) of Geoffrey of Monmouth

and Nennius.

=truage,= tribute. Morte Arthur, leaf 35, back, 4; bk. i, c. 23. ME.

_truage_ (Rob. Glouc.). OF. _truage_, _treuaige_, _treutage_, ‘vectigal,

tributum’, deriv. of _true_, _treü_, _trehu_, ‘tributum’, see Ducange

(s.v. Truagium). OF. _treü_ is the same word as L. _tributum_; cp. O.

Prov. _traüt_, _trabut_, ‘tribut’ (Levy). See Dict. M. and S. (s.v.

Trewage).

=truchman,= an interpreter. B. Jonson, Cynthia’s Revels, v. 2 (Crites);

tr. of Horace, Art of Poetry, III (= L. _interpete_); Holland. Pliny,

Nat. Hist., bk. vii, ch. 24; Hakluyt, Voyages, ii. 152; Stanyhurst, tr.

of Aeneid (ed. Arber, 82); _trucheman_, Puttenham, Eng. Poes. (ed.

Arber, 278); _trouchman_, Three Lords and Three Ladies; in Hazlitt’s

Dodsley, vi. 463. See Nares. F. _trucheman_ (Cotgr.), O. Prov.

_trocheman_, Span. _trujaman_ (Stevens), Arab. _tarjumân_ (Dozy, 351).

See Stanford (s.v. Dragoman).

=truckle-bed,= a bed which could be wheeled under a larger one, Hall,

Satires, ii, sat. 6; ‘_troccle-bed_’, Statutes Trinity Coll., Oxford

(ann. 1556). An Oxford University word. L. _trochlea_, wheel of a

pulley. Gk. τροχιλία, a pulley. See Dict.

=true,= honest. BIBLE, Gen. xlii. 11; Much Ado, iii. 3. 54; L. L. L. iv.

3. 187; ‘The thieves have bound the true men’, 1 Hen. IV, ii. 2. 98;

‘Rich preys make true men thieves’, Venus and Ad. 724. See Wright’s

Bible Word-Book.

=true-penny,= honest fellow; used familiarly. Hamlet, i. 5. 150;

Fletcher, Loyal Subject, i. 3 (Putskie).

=trug,= a trull, concubine. Arden of Fev. i. 500; Middleton, Your Five

Gallants, i. 1 (Primero). See Nares.

=trullibub,= a slut. Dekker, Shoemakers’ Holiday, ii. 3 (Eyre). See

=trillibub.=

=trump,= a game at cards, similar to our whist. Fletcher, Lover’s

Progress, iii. 2 (Lancelot); Peele, Old Wives’ Tale (Clunch).

=truncheon,= the lower part of the shaft of a broken lance. Dryden,

Palamon, iii. 612; ‘Truncheons of shivered lances’, id., tr. of Aeneid,

xi. 16. ME. _tronchoun_, broken shaft of a spear (Chaucer, C. T. A.

2615); Anglo-F. _trunçun_: ‘Sa hanste est fraite, n’en ad que un

trunçun’ (Ch. Rol. 1352).

=trundle-bed,= a low bed for a servant that ran on castors, drawn out at

night from beneath a higher bed; a synonym of =truckle-bed.= Shirley,

Witty Fair One, iii. 1 (Brains). In prov. use (EDD.).

=trundle-tail;= see =trindle-tail.=

=trundling-cheat,= in cant language, a cart. B. Jonson, New Inn, iii. 1

(Pierce). See =cheat= (2).

=trunk,= a tube; a speaking-tube, B. Jonson, Silent Woman, i. 1 (Cler.);

a telescope, News from the New World (Printer); a pea-shooter, ‘Wooden

pellets out of earthen trunks’, Middleton, Fam. of Love, iii. 3 (Purge);

Eastward Ho, ii (Quicksilver); ‘A trunk to shoot in, _syringa_, tubulus

flatu jaculatorius’, Coles, Lat. Dict.; Brome, New Acad. iv. 1. See

Dict. (s.v. Trunk, 2).

=trunks,= trunk-hose, loose hose, often stuffed with hair. B. Jonson,

Alchem. iii. 2 (Face); Shirley, Sisters, iii. 1 (Strozzo).

=truss,= to pack close; to fasten up. 2 Hen. IV, iii. 2. 350; ‘Help to

truss me’ (i.e. to tie up the points (strings) of my hose), B. Jonson,

Every Man in Hum. i. 3 (Stephen). See Dict.

=trusses, a pair of,= close-fitting leggings; ‘A pair of trusses’ [for

an Irishman], Shirley, Love Tricks, i. 1 (near the end). See =trowses.=

†=trutch sword= (?); ‘For a trutch sword, my naked knife stuck up’,

Beaumont and Fl., Woman-hater, i. 3 (Lazarillo). See Nares.