THE HISTORY OF CIVILISATION IN SCOTLAND.
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THE HISTORY
OF
CIVILISATION IN SCOTLAND.
BY
JOHN MACKINTOSH, LL.D.
_Author of “The Story of Scotland,”
“The Revolution of 1688 and Viscount Dundee,”
“The Highland Land Question Historically Considered,” Etc._
_A NEW EDITION._
PARTLY REWRITTEN, AND CAREFULLY REVISED THROUGHOUT.
Volume Second.
ALEXANDER GARDNER,
Publisher to her Majesty the Queen,
PAISLEY, AND 26 PATERNOSTER SQUARE, LONDON.
1893.
CONTENTS.
Illustration: (‡ decoration)
CHAPTER XIII.
SECTION I.
_The Rise and Progress of the Reformation._
⭘ A new point of Departure――Mechanical Inventions――Aspiration for
Unity and Independence; Modern Languages――Revival of Classical
Literature――Revival of Art
⭘ Roman Catholic Church of the Middle Ages――Her vast Organisation,
Wealth, and Power――She controlled Education, and subjected the
Human Mind
⭘ Outline of the prevailing Belief of Roman Catholicism――Angels,
Demons, Witchcraft――Worship of Saints, Images, and Relics――Ideas
of Hell and of Heaven
⭘ Political Power of the Church in different Countries――The French
Nobles; Oppression of the Peasantry――State of Germany; Rebellions
of the Peasantry
⭘ Influence of Literature in Germany; Satirical Attacks upon the
Church――Inquisition in Spain――State of Italy
⭘ Morals of the Priesthood and the Religious Orders
⭘ Influences sapping the Authority of Catholicism; Dante,
Boccaccio, Savonarola――Influence of the Vernacular Literature
⭘ Printing and Publication of the Bible――Early Translations of
Scripture into the Modern Languages
⭘ Awakening of the Moral Consciousness; Enthusiasm of the early
stages of the Movement――Relation of the Reformation to Philosophy
⭘ Significance of the Revolt from Rome――Eras of the Reformation
in different Nations――Proceedings of Luther; his Writings――Early
Protestant Literature――Principle of the Reformation