========================================_The voter's text book

Acts authorizing Loans, and Synopsis of same.

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Act of |A further issue of $150,000,000, in United States notes,

March 3,| for the purpose of converting the Treasury notes which

1863. | may be issued under this act, and for no other purpose.

| And a further issue, if necessary, for the payment of

| the army and navy, and other creditors of the Government,

| of $150,000,000, in United States notes, which amount

| includes the $100,000,000 authorized by the joint

| resolution of Congress, Jan. 17, 1863.

Act of |Provided, That of United States notes not more than ten

April 12| millions of dollars may be retired and canceled within

1866.| six months from the passage of this act, and thereafter

| not more than four millions of dollars in any one month:

| And provided further, That the act to which this is an

| amendment shall continue in full force in all its

| provisions, except as modified by this act.

---------+---------------------------------------------------------

Act of |Authorized a temporary loan of $25,000,000, in United

Feb. 25 | States notes, for not less than thirty days, payable

1862. | after ten days’ notice, at 5 per cent. interest per

| annum. (This was increased to $100,000,000 by the

| following acts.)

Act of |

March 17,|Authorized an increase of temporary loans of $25,000,000,

1862. | bearing interest at a rate not exceeding 5 per cent. per

| annum.

Act of |

July 11, |Authorized a further increase of temporary loans of

1862. | $50,000,000 making the whole amount authorized

| $100,000,000.

Act of |Authorized the increase of temporary loans to not

June 30,| exceeding $150,000,000, at a rate not exceeding 6 per

1864. | cent. per annum.

---------+----------------------------------------------------------

Act of |Authorized a loan of $300,000,000 for this and $600,000,000

March 3| for the next fiscal year, for which could be issued

1863. | bonds running not less than ten, nor more than forty

| years, principal and interest payable in coin, bearing

| interest at a rate not exceeding 6 per cent. per annum,

| payable in bonds not exceeding $100 annually, and on

| all others semi-annually, the whole amount of bonds,

| Treasury notes, and United States notes issued under

Act of | this act not to exceed the sum of 900,000,000. And so

June 30| much of this act as limits the to the current fiscal

1864. | year is repealed by act of June 30, 1864, which also

| repeals the authority to borrow money conferred by

| section 1, except so far as it may affect$75,000,000 of

| bonds already advertised.

---------+----------------------------------------------------------

Act of |And Treasury notes to the amount of $400,000,000, not

March 3,| exceeding three years to run, with interest at not over

1863. | 6 per cent. per annum, principal and interest payable

| in lawful money, which may be made a legal-tender for

| their face value, excluding interest, or convertible

| into United States notes. Secretary may receive gold on

| deposit, and issue certificates therefor, in sums not

| less than twenty dollars.

---------+----------------------------------------------------------

Act of |Authorizes the issue of bonds not exceeding $200,000,000,

March 3,| bearing date March 1, 1864, or any subsequent period,

1864. | redeemable at the pleasure of the Government after any

| period not less than five years, and payable at any

| period not more than forty years from date, in coin,

| bearing interest not exceeding 6 per cent. yearly,

| payable on bonds not over $100 annually, and on all

| other bonds semi-annually, in coin.

---------+----------------------------------------------------------

Act of |Authorized an issue of certificates of indebtedness,

March 1| payable one year from date, in settlement of audited

1862. | claims against the Government. Interest 6 per cent. per

| annum, payable in gold; and by

Act of |Payable in lawful currency on those issued after that date.

March 3,| Amount of issue not specified.

1863. |

---------+----------------------------------------------------------

Act of |Authorized an issue of notes of the fractional parts of

July 17,| one dollar, receivable in payment of all dues, except

1862. | customs, less than five dollars, and exchangeable for

| United States notes in sums not less than five dollars.

| Amount of issue not specified.

---------+----------------------------------------------------------

(A) = Rate of interest.

(B) = Price of emission.

==========+=================+========+=============+================+

==========+=================+========+=============+=========+======+

1863. | | | | | |

| | | | | |

1866.| | | | | |

---------+-----------------+--------+-------------+---------+------+

Feb. 25 | | | | | |

1862. | | | | | |

| | | | | |

| Tempor’y | Not | After ten | 4, 5, & |Par. |

1862. | | | | | |

| | | | | |

1864. | | | | | |

---------+-----------------+--------+-------------+---------+------+

1863. | Loan of | —— |Af’r June | 6 % per |Prem’m|

| 1863. | | 30, 1881. | annum. | |

| | | | | 4.13 |

| | | | | per |

1864. | | | | | |

| | | | | |

---------+-----------------+--------+-------------+---------+------+

| | | | | |

1863. | |1 year. |1 year after | 5% per | Par. |

---------+-----------------+--------+-------------+---------+------+

|Gold certificates| —— |On dem’d. | —— | Par. |

---------+-----------------+--------+-------------+---------+------+

1864. | Ten-forties. |10 or 40| Af’r Feb. |5 % per | Par. |

| | | | | |

| Five- |5 or 20 | Aft’r Oct. |6 % per | Par. |

---------+-----------------+--------+-------------+---------+------+

1862. | | | | | |

---------+-----------------+--------+-------------+---------+------+

1863. | | | | | |

---------+-----------------+--------+-------------+---------+------+

1862. | | | | | |

---------+-----------------+--------+-------------+---------+------+

|Postal currency. | —— | —— | —— | Par. |

| | | | | |

---------+-----------------+--------+-------------+---------+------+

==========+==============+============+============

| Amount | Amount | Amount

| authorized. | issued. |outstanding.

==========+==============+============+============

Act of | | |

March 3,| | |

1863. | | |

| | |

Act of | | |

April 12| | |

1866.| | |

---------+--------------+------------+------------

Act of | | |

Feb. 25 | | |

1862. | | |

| | |

| $150,000,000| —— |$20,225,070 00

March 17,| | |

1862. | | |

| | |

July 11, | | |

1862. | | |

| | |

Act of | | |

June 30,| | |

1864. | | |

---------+--------------+------------+------------

Act of | | |

March 3| | |

1863. | 75,000,000| $75,000,000| 75,000,000 00

| | |

Act of | | |

June 30| | |

1864. | | |

---------+--------------+------------+

| | |

Act of | —— | |

March 3,| | 211,000,000| 1,123,830 00

1863. | 400,000,000| |

---------+--------------+------------+

|Not specified.| —— | 19,207,520 00

---------+--------------+------------+

Act of | | |

March 3,| | |

1864. | 200,000,000| 172,770,100|171,409,350 00

| | |

| —— | —— | 3,882,500 00

| | |

---------+--------------+------------+

Act of | | |

March 1| | |

1862. | | |

---------+--------------+------------+

Act of |Not specified.| —— | 36,000 00

March 3,| | |

1863. | | |

---------+--------------+------------+

Act of | | |

July 17,| | |

1862. | | |

---------+--------------+------------+

|Not specified.| —— | 5,497,534 93

| | |

---------+--------------+------------+

===================================================================

Acts authorizing Loans, and Synopsis of same.

---------+---------------------------------------------------------

Act of |Authorized an issue not exceeding $50,000,000, in

March 3,| fractional currency (in lieu of postage or other stamps),

1863. | exchangeable for United States notes in sums not less

| than three dollars, and receivable for any dues to the

| United States less than five dollars, except duties on

| imports. The whole amount issued, including postage and

| other stamps issued as currency, not to exceed

| $50,000,000. Authority was given to prepare it in the

| Treasury Department, under the supervision of the

| Secretary.

Act of |Authorized an issue in lieu of the issue under acts of

June 30,| July 17, 1862, and March 3, 1863, the whole amount

1864. | outstanding under all these acts not to exceed

| $50,000,000.

---------+---------------------------------------------------------

Act of |Authorized an issue of $400,000,000 of bonds, redeemable

June 30,| at the pleasure of the Government, after any period not

1864. | less than five nor more than thirty years, or, if deemed

| expedient, made payable at any period nor more than

| forty years from date. And said bonds shall bear an

| annual interest not exceeding 6 per centum, payable

| semi-annually in coin. And the Secretary of the Treasury

| may dispose of such bonds, or any part thereof, and of

| any bonds commonly known as five-twenties, remaining

| unsold, on such terms as he may deem most advisable, for

| lawful money of the United States, or, at his discretion,

| for Treasury notes, certificates of indebtedness, or

| certificates of deposit, issued under any act of Congress.

---------+---------------------------------------------------------

Act of |Authorizes an issue of Treasury notes, not exceeding three

March 3,| years to run, interest at not over 6 per cent. per annum,

1863. | principal and interest payable in lawful money. Also,

| authorizes the issue of, and in lieu of, an equal amount

Act of | of bonds authorized by the first section, and as a part

June 30,| of said loan, not exceeding $200,000,000, in Treasury

1864. | notes of any denomination not less than ten dollars,

| payable at any time not exceeding three years from date,

| or, if thought more expedient, redeemable at any time

| after three years from date, and bearing interest not

| exceeding the rate of 7 3-10 per centum, payable in

| lawful money at maturity, or at the discretion of the

| Secretary, semi-annually; and such of them as shall be

| made payable, principal and interest, at maturity, shall

| be a legal-tender to the same extent as United States

| notes, for their face value excluding interest, and may

| be paid to any creditor of the United States, at their

| face value, excluding interest, or to any creditor

| willing to receive them at par, including interest; and

| any Treasury notes issued under the authority of this

| act, may be made convertible, at the discretion of the

| Secretary of the Treasury, into any bonds issued under

| the authority of this act, and the Secretary may redeem,

| and cause to be canceled and destroyed any Treasury

| notes or United States notes heretofore issued under

| authority of previous acts of Congress, and substitute

| in lieu thereof an equal amount of Treasury notes, such

| as are authorized by this act, or of other United States

| notes; nor shall any Treasury note bearing interest,

| issued under this act, be a legal-tender, in payment or

| redemption of any notes issued by any bank, banking

| association, or banker, calculatedor intended to

| circulate as money.

Act of |Whole amount may be issued in bonds or Treasury notes, at

Jan. 28,| the discretion of the Secretary.

1865. |

---------+---------------------------------------------------------

Act of |Authorized an issue of $600,000,000 in bonds or Treasury

March 3,| notes; bonds may be made payable at any period not

1865. | more than forty years from the date of issue, or may be

| made redeemable at the pleasure of the Government, at

| or after any period not less than five years nor more

| than forty years from date, or may be made redeemable

| and payable as aforesaid, as may be expressed upon their

| face, and so much thereof as may be issued in Treasury

(A) = Rate of interest.

(B) = Price of emission.

=======+=================+========+=============+=======+

=======+==========+========+=============+=========+====+

1863.| | | | | |

| | | | | |

|Fractional| —— | —— | —— |Par.|

1864.| | | | | |

-------+----------+--------+-------------+---------+----+

1864. | | | | | |

| | | | | |

| Five- |5 or 20 |After Oct. |6 % per | — |

| | | | | |

-------+----------+--------+-------------+---------+----+

March 3,| | | | | +

1863. | Treasury |3 years.|3 years after| 6 % |Par.|

1864. | Treasury |3 years.|3 years after| 6 % | — |

| | | | | |

| | | | | |

| —— | —— | —— | —— | — |

| | | | | |

| 7.30 |3 years.|3 years after|7.30 % p.|Par.|

| notes. | | 15, 1864. | | |

| | | | | |

Jan. 28,| | | | | |

1865.| | | | | |

-------+----------+--------+-------------+---------+----+

Act of | _See_ | | | | |

March 3,| p. 327 | | | | |

1865.| | | | | |

| | | | | |

========+==============+============+===============

| Amount | Amount | Amount

| authorized. | issued. | outstanding.

========+==============+============+===============

Act of | | |

March 3,| | |

1863.| | |

| | |

| $50,000,000 | —— | $22,809,988 59

Act of | | |

June 30,| | |

1864.| | |

-------+--------------+------------+

Act of | | |

June 30,| | |

1864. | | |

| —— | —— | 125,561,300 00

| | |

-------+--------------+------------+---------------

Act of | | |

March 3,| + |

1863. | | $17,250,000|

| | |

Act of | | |

June 30,| | |

1864. | Substit’te | 177,045,770| 122,394,480 00

| redeemed | |

| 5 % notes. | |

| | |

| | 22,728,390|

|--------------+------------+---------------

| | |

| 400,000,000 | |

| | |

| —— | 234,400,000|

Act of | | |

Jan. 28,| | |

1865. | | |

-------+--------------+------------+---------------

Act of | | |

March 3,| | |

1865. | | |

| | |

===================================================================

Acts authorizing Loans, and Synopsis of same.

---------+---------------------------------------------------------

Act of | notes may be made convertible into any bonds authorized

March 3,| by this act, and be of such denominations, not less than

1865,| fifty dollars, and bear such dates, and be made

(_Cont’d._) redeemable or payable at such periods as the Secretary

| of the Treasury may deem expedient. The interest on the

| bonds payable semi-annually; on Treasury notes

| semi-annually, or annually, or at maturity thereof; and

| the principal or interest, or both, be made payable in

| coin or other lawful money; if in coin, not to exceed 6

| per cent. per annum; when not payable in coin, not to

| exceed 7 3-10 per cent. per annum. Rate and character

| to be expressed on bonds or Treasury notes.

---------+----------------------------------------------------------

Acts of |Authorizes the Secretary of the Treasury, at his

April 12,| discretion, to receive any Treasury notes or other

1866, | obligations issued under any act of Congress, whether

| bearing interest or not, in exchange for any description

amendment| of bonds authorized by the act to which this is an

to act | amendment; and also to dispose of any description of

March 3, | bonds authorized by said act, either in the United

1865. | States or elsewhere, to such an amount, in such manner,

| and at such rates as he may think advisable, for lawful

| money of the United States, or for any Treasury notes,

| certificates of indebtedness, or certificates of deposit,

| or other representatives of value, which have been or

| which maybe issued under any act of Congress, the

| proceeds thereof to be used only for retiring Treasury

| notes or other obligations issued under any act of

| Congress: but nothing herein contained shall be

| construed to authorize any increase of the public debt.

---------+----------------------------------------------------------

Acts of |Bonds issued to the Union Pacific Railroad Company, in

July 1, | accordance with these acts.

1862, |

and |

July 2, |

1864. |

---------+----------------------------------------------------------

Act of |For the purpose of redeeming and retiring any compound

March 2,| interest notes outstanding, the Secretary of the

1867. | Treasury is authorized to issue temporary loan

| certificates in the manner prescribed by section four

| of the act entitled “An act to authorize the issue of

| United States notes and for the redemption or funding

| thereof, and for funding the floating debt of the United

| States,” approved February twenty-fifth, eighteen

| hundred and sixty-two, bearing interest at a rate not

| exceeding three per centum per annum, principal and

| interest payable in lawful money on demand; and said

| certificates of temporary loan may constitute and be

| held by any national bank holding or owning the same,

| as a part of the reserve provided for in sections

| thirty-one and thirty-two of the act entitled “An act

| to provide a national currency secured by a pledge of

| United States bonds, and to provide for the circulation

| and redemption thereof,” approved June three, eighteen

| hundred and sixty-four: _Provided_, That not less

| than two-fifths of the entire reserve of such bank shall

| consist of lawful money of the United States: _And

| provided further_, That the amount of such temporary

| certificates at any time outstanding shall not exceed

| fifty millions of dollars.

(A) = Rate of interest.

(B) = Price of emission.

=========+===========+========+===========+========+====+

=========+===========+========+===========+========+====+

1865,| +————————+ Af’r Aug. +————————+ |

(_Cont’d_)7.30 Treas.| 3 | 14, 1867.| 7.3-10 |Par.|

| notes, 3 | yrs. | Af’r June | per | |

| +————————+ Af’r July +————————+ |

| | | 14, 1868.| | |

| | | | | |

| Five- |5 or 20 | Aft’r Oct.|6 % per |Par.|

| | | | | |

---------+-----------+--------+-----------+--------+----+

April 12,| —— | —— | Af’r June |6 % per |Par.|

1866, | | | 30, 1870. |annum. | |

1865. | | | | | |

---------+-----------+--------+-----------+--------+----+

July 1, |Un. Pacific|30 y’rs.| Aft’r Jan.|6 % per |Par.|

1862, | R. R. Co.| | 15, 1895. |annum. | |

and | bonds. | | | | |

1864. | | | | | |

| | | | | |

1867. | | | | | |

=========+==============+============+==================

| Amount | Amount | Amount

| authorized. | issued. | outstanding.

=========+==============+============+==================

Act of | | | $488,647,425 00

March 3,| | |

1865,| | |

(_Cont’d_) $600,000,000 | —— |

| | |

| —— | —— |

| | | 181,427,250 00

---------+--------------+------------+

Acts of | | |

April 12,| —— | —— | 301,880,250 00

1866, | | |

amendment| | |

to act | | |

March 3, | | |

1865. | | |

---------+--------------+------------+

Acts of | | |

July 1, | —— | —— | 14,762,000 00

1862, | | |

and | | |

July 2, | | |

1864. | | |

---------+ | |

Act of | | |

March 2,| | |

1867. | | |

| | |

| | +——————————————————

| | | $2,692,199,215 12

STATISTICAL VIEW OF THE STATES, ETC.

_Showing dates of acts creating Territories, and admitting

States—Time of holding general elections—Number

of Representatives in Congress—Date of general

elections in the several States, with number of

Representatives and Senators—Terms of office—Times of

meeting—Location of capitals, etc._

(A) = No. Members of Congress.

================+====================+=============================+

States and | A| Settled. | Date of Act creating |

----------------+--+-----------+-----+--------------+--------------+

Alabama |17|French |1713 | Mar. 3, 1817| Mar. 2, 1819|

Arkansas | 2|French |1670 | Mar. 2, 1819| June 15, 1836|

Connecticut[7] | 4|Engl. |1633 | | |

Delaware[7] | 1|Swedes |1627 | | |

Florida | 1|Span’d |1564 | Mar. 3, 1823| Mar. 3, 1845|

Georgia[7] | 8|Engl. |1733 | | |

Illinois |13|French |1749 | Feb. 3, 1809| Dec. 3, 1818|

Indiana |11|French |1730 | May 7, 1800| Apr. 19, 1816|

Iowa | 6|Amer. |1835 | June 12, 1838| Mar. 3, 1845|

Kansas | 1|Amer. |1850 | May 30, 1854| Jan. 29, 1861|

Louisiana | 4|French |1699 | Mar. 26, 1801| Feb. 20, 1811|

Maine | 5|Engl. |1630 | | Mar. 15, 1820|

Maryland[7] | 5|Engl. |1634 | | |

Massachusetts[7]|10|Engl. |1620 | | |

Michigan | 6|French |1670 | Jan. 11, 1805| Jan. 26, 1837|

Minnesota | 2|Amer. |1817 | Mar. 3, 1849| May 14, 1858|

Mississippi | 5|French |1716 | Apr. 7, 1798| Dec. 10, 1817|

Missouri | 9|French |1763 | Mar. 3, 1805| Mar. 6, 1820|

N. Hampshire[7] | 3|Engl. |1623 | | |

New Jersey[7] | 5|Swedes |1627 | | |

New York[7] |31|Dutch |1613 | | |

N. Carolina[7] | 8|Engl. |1650 | | |

Nevada | 1|Amer. |1860 | Mar. 2, 1861| Oct. 31, 1864|

Nebraska | 1|Amer. |1850 | May 30, 1854| Mar. 4, 1867|

Ohio |19|Va & N. Eng|1788 | July 13, 1787| Apr. 30, 1802|

Oregon | 1|Engl. |1796 | Aug. 14, 1848| Feb. 12, 1859|

Pennsylvania[7] |24|Engl. |1682 | | |

Rhode Island[7] | 2|Engl. |1631 | | |

S. Carolina[7] | 6|Engl. |1689 | | |

Tennessee |10|NC & Va |1765 | May 26, 1790| June 1, 1796|

Texas | 2|Span’d |1690 | | Dec. 29, 1845|

Vermont | 3|Engl. |1763 | | Mar. 4, 1791|

Virginia[7] |13|Engl. |1607 | | |

West Virginia | 3|Amer. |—— | | Dec. 31, 1862|

Wisconsin | 6|Amer. |1831 | Apr. 30, 1836| Aug. 6, 1846|

Colorado Ter.[8]| 1|Amer. |1860 | Mar. 2, 1861| |

Dakota Ter.[8] | 1|Amer. |1860 | Mar. 2, 1861| |

Washington T.[8]| 1|Amer. |1848 | Mar. 2, 1853| |

================+==============+=====+==============+==============+=

[7] One of the original thirteen States of the Union.

[8] Delegates from Territories who may speak on Territorial questions,

but have no vote.

(B) = Number.

================+============+=====+===========+==+==============+

States and | Time of holding | Representatives.|

Territories. | general elections. | B | C |

----------------+------------------------------+---------+-------+

Alabama |1st Mon. Aug. | 100| 2 |

Arkansas |1st Mon. Aug. | 75| 2 |

California |Tues. after 1st Mon. Sept | 36| 1 |

Connecticut |1st Mon. April. | 232| 1 |

Delaware |2d Tues. Nov. | 21| 1 |

Florida |1st Mon. Oct. | 40| 1 |

Georgia |1st Mon. Oct. bienn. | 150| 2 |

Illinois |Tues. af. 1st Mon. Nov. bienn.| 75| 2 |

Indiana |2d Tues. Oct. | 100| 1 |

Iowa |2d Tues. Oct. | 56| 2 |

Kansas |2d Tues. Nov. | 40| 2 |

Kentucky |1st Mon. Aug. | 100| 2 |

Louisiana |1st Mon. Nov. | 88| 2 |

Maine |2d Mon. Sept. | 151| 1 |

Maryland |1st Wed. Nov. | 81| 2 |

Massachusetts |Tues. af. 1st Mon. Nov. | 240| 1 |

Michigan |Tues. af. 1st Mon. Nov. | 74| 2 |

Minnesota |2d Tues. Oct. | 42| 1 |

Mississippi |1st Mon. Oct. | 92| 2 |

Missouri |1st Mon. Aug. | 130| 2 |

N. Hampshire |2d Tues. March. | 338| 1 |

New Jersey |Tues. aft. 1st Mon. Nov. | 60| 1 |

New York |Tues. aft. 1st Mon. Nov. | 128| 1 |

N. Carolina |1st Thurs. Aug. | 120| 2 |

Nevada |1st Tu. af. 1st Mon. Nov. | 26| 1 |

Nebraska | | 26| 1 |

Ohio |2d Tues. Oct. | 100| 2 |

Oregon |1st Mon. June. | 34| 2 |

Pennsylvania |2d Tues. Oct. | 100| 1 |

Rhode Island |1st Wed. April. | 72| 1 |

S. Carolina |2d Mon. Oct. | 124| 2 |

Tennessee |1st Thurs. Aug. | 75| 2 |

Texas |1st Mon. Aug. | 66| 2 |

Vermont |1st Tues. Sept. | 230| 1 |

Virginia |4th Thurs. May. | 152| 2 |

West Virginia |4th Thurs. Oct. | | |

Wisconsin |Tues. aft. 1st Mon. Nov. | 97| 1 |

Colorado Ter. | | 26| 1 |

Dakota Ter. | | 26| 1 |

New Mexico T. | | 26| 1 |

Utah Ter. | | 26| 1 |

Washington T. | | 18| 1 |

Columbia, D. of | | | |

================+==============================+=========+=======+

(D) = Number.

(E) = Term. Years.

(F) = Governor’s term of office. Years.

===============+=========+=======================+=+===============

States and |Senators.| Time of Meeting of |F|State Capitals.

Territories. | D | E | Legislatures. | |

---------------+-----+---+-----------------------+-+---------------

Alabama | 33| 4|2d Mon. Nov. bienn. |2|Montgomery.

Arkansas | 25| 4|1st Mon. Nov. bienn. |4|Little Rock.

California | 16| 2|1st Mon. Jan. |2|Sacramento.

Connecticut | 21| 1|1st Wed. May. |1|Hartford.

Delaware | 9| 4|1st Tues. Jan. bienn. |4|Dover.

Florida | 19| 4|4th Mon. Nov. ” |4|Tallahassee.

Georgia | 52| 2|1st Mon. Nov. ” |2|Milledgeville.

Illinois | 25| 4|2d Mon. Jan. ” |4|Springfield.

Indiana | 50| 4|Th. af. 1st M. Jan. ” |4|Indianapolis.

Iowa | 30| 4|2d Mon. Jan. bienn. |2|Des Moines.

Kansas | 25| 2|1st Wed. Jan. |2|Lecompton.

Kentucky | 38| 4|1st Mon. Dec. bienn. |4|Frankfort.

Louisiana | 32| 4|3d Mon. Jan. |4|Baton Rouge.

Maine | 31| 1|1st Wed. Jan. |1|Augusta.

Maryland | 22| 4|1st Wed. Jan. bienn. |4|Annapolis.

Massachusetts | 40| 1|1st Wed. Jan. |1|Boston.

Michigan | 32| 2|1st Wed. Jan. bienn. |2|Lansing.

Minnesota | 21| 2|1st Tu. af. 1st M. Jan.|2|St. Paul.

Mississippi | 32| 4|1st Mon. Nov. bienn. |2|Jackson.

Missouri | 33| 4|Last. Mon. Dec. ” |4|Jefferson City.

N. Hampshire | 12| 1|1st Wed. June. |1|Concord.

New Jersey | 21| 3|2d Tues. Jan. |3|Trenton.

New York | 32| 2|1st Tues. Jan. |2|Albany.

N. Carolina | 50| 2|3d Mon. Nov. bienn. |2|Raleigh.

Nevada | 13| 2|12th Dec. |4|Carson.

Nebraska | 13| 2| |4|Omaha.

Ohio | 35| 2|1st Mon. Jan. bienn. |2|Columbus.

Oregon | 16| 4|2d Mon. Sept. ” |4|Salem.

Pennsylvania | 33| 3|1st Tues. Jan. |3|Harrisburg.

Rhode Island | 32| 1|Last Tues. May. |1|Providence.

S. Carolina | 46| 4|4th Mon. Nov. |2|Columbia.

Tennessee | 25| 2|1st Mon. Oct. bienn. |2|Nashville.

Texas | 21| 4|1st Mon. Dec. ” |2|Austin.

Vermont | 30| 1|2d Tues. Oct. |1|Montpelier.

Virginia | 50| 4|1st Mon. Dec. bienn. |4|Richmond.

Wisconsin | 30| 2|2d Wed. Jan. |2|Madison.

Colorado Ter. | 13| 2| |4|Denver.

Dakota Ter. | 13| 2| |4|Yankton.

New Mexico T. | 13| 2| |4|Santa Fe.

Utah Ter. | 13| 2| |4|Gt. Salt L. City

Washington T. | 9| 2| |4|Olympia.

===============+=====+===+=======================+=+================

[U. S. Senators serve 6 years, and each State is entitled to two.]

(Position of Southern States represented as they stood before

seceding.)

PLATFORMS OF 1860-1864.

PLATFORM OF THE BRECKINRIDGE PARTY OF 1860.

_Resolved_, That the platform adopted by the Democratic party at

Cincinnati be affirmed, with the following explanatory resolutions:

1. That the government of a territory organized by an act of Congress

is provisional and temporary, and during its existence all citizens of

the United States have an equal right to settle with their property

in the territory, without their rights, either in person or property,

being destroyed by congressional or territorial legislation.

2. That it is the duty of the Federal Government, in all its

departments, to protect the rights of persons and property in the

territories, and wherever else its constitutional authority extends.

3. That when the settlers in a territory, having an adequate

population, form a State Constitution, the right of sovereignty

commences, and being consummated by their admission into the Union,

they stand on an equality with the people of other States, and a State

thus organized ought to be admitted into the Federal Union, whether its

constitution prohibits or recognizes the institution of slavery.

4. That the Democratic party are in favor of the acquisition of Cuba,

on such terms as shall be honorable to ourselves and just to Spain, at

the earliest practicable moment.

5. That the enactments of State Legislatures to defeat the faithful

execution of the Fugitive Slave Law are hostile in character,

subversive of the Constitution, and revolutionary in their effect.

6. That the Democracy of the United States recognize it as an

imperative duty of the government to protect the naturalized citizen in

all his rights, whether at home or in foreign lands, to the same extent

as its native born citizens.

WHEREAS, One of the greatest necessities of the age, in a political,

commercial, postal, and military point of view, is a speedy

communication between the Pacific and Atlantic coasts; therefore, be it

resolved,

7. That the National Democratic party do hereby pledge themselves to

use every means in their power to secure the passage of some bill,

to the extent of the Constitutional authority by Congress, for the

construction of a railroad to the Pacific Ocean, at the earliest

practicable moment.

PLATFORM OF THE DOUGLAS PARTY OF 1860.

_Resolved_, That we, the Democracy of the Union in Convention

assembled, hereby declare our affirmation of the resolutions

unanimously adopted and declared as a platform of principles by the

Democratic Convention at Cincinnati, in the year 1856, believing that

Democratic principles are unchangeable in their nature when applied

to the same subject matter, and we recommend as our only further

resolutions the following:

That inasmuch as differences of opinion exist in the Democratic party

as to the nature and extent of the powers of a Territorial Legislature,

and as to the powers and duties of Congress, under the Constitution of

the United States, over the institution of slavery in the territories;

_Resolved_, That the Democratic party will abide by the decision of the

Supreme Court of the United States over the institution of slavery in

the territories.

_Resolved_, That it is the duty of the United States to afford ample

and complete protection to all its citizens, at home or abroad, and

whether native or foreign born.

_Resolved_, That one of the necessities of the age, in a military,

commercial, and postal point of view, is a speedy communication between

the Atlantic and Pacific States, and the Democratic party pledge such

constitutional enactment as will insure the construction of a railroad

to the Pacific coast at the earliest practical period.

_Resolved_, That the Democratic party are in favor of the acquisition

of the Island of Cuba, on such terms as shall be honorable to ourselves

and just to Spain.

_Resolved_, That the enactments of State Legislatures to defeat the

faithful execution of the Fugitive Slave Law are hostile in character,

subversive to the Constitution, and revolutionary in their effect.

_Resolved_, That it is in accordance with the Cincinnati Platform,

that during the existence of Territorial Governments, the measure of

restriction, whatever it may be, imposed by the Federal Constitution

on the power of the Territorial Legislature over the subject of the

domestic relations, as the same has been or shall hereafter be decided

by the Supreme Court of the United States, should be respected by all

good citizens, and enforced with promptness and fidelity by every

branch of the General Government.

THE REPUBLICAN PLATFORM OF 1860.

_Resolved_, That we, the delegated representatives of the Republican

electors of the United States, in Convention assembled, in the

discharge of the duty we owe to our constituents and our country, unite

in the following resolutions:

1. That the history of the nation during the last four years has

fully established the propriety and necessity of the organization and

perpetuation of the Republican party, and that the causes which called

it into existence are permanent in their nature, and now, more than

ever, demand its peaceful and constitutional triumph.

2. That the maintenance of the principles promulgated in the

Declaration of Independence, and embodied in the Federal Constitution,

that “all men are created equal; that they are endowed by their Creator

with certain inalienable rights, among which are those of life, liberty

and the pursuit of happiness, and that Governments are instituted among

men to secure the enjoyment of these rights, deriving their just power

from the consent of the governed”—are essential to the preservation of

our republican institutions, and that the Federal Constitution, the

rights of the States, and the union of the States, must and shall be

preserved.

3. That to the union of the States this nation owes its unprecedented

increase in population, its surprising developments of material

resources; its rapid augmentation of wealth; its happiness at home and

its honor abroad; and we hold in abhorrence all schemes for disunion,

come from whatever source they may; and we congratulate the country

that no Republican member of Congress has uttered or countenanced

the threats of disunion as often made by the Democratic members of

Congress, without rebuke and with applause from their political

associates; and we denounce those threats of disunion in case of a

popular overthrow of their ascendancy, as denying the vital principles

of a free Government, and as an avowal of contemplated treason which

it is the imperative duty of an indignant people sternly to rebuke and

forever silence.

4. That the maintenance inviolate, of the rights of the States, and

especially of each State, to order and control its own domestic

institutions according to its own judgment exclusively, is essential

to that balance of power on which the perfection and endurance of our

political fabric depends; and we denounce the lawless invasion by armed

force of the soil of any State or Territory, no matter under what

pretext, as one of the gravest of crimes.

5. That the present Democratic Administration has far exceeded our

worst apprehensions in the measureless subserviency to the exactions of

a sectional interest, as especially evinced in its desperate exertions

to force the infamous Lecompton Constitution upon the protesting

people of Kansas, construing the relation between master and servant

to involve an unqualified property in persons; in its attempted

enforcement everywhere, on land and sea, through the intervention of

Congress and of the Federal Courts, of the extreme pretensions of a

purely local interest; and in its general and unvarying abuse of the

power entrusted to it by a confiding people.

6. That the people justly view with alarm the reckless extravagance

which pervades every department of the Federal Government. That a

return to right economy and accountability is indispensable to arrest

the plunder of the public treasury by favored partisans, while the

recent startling developments of frauds and corruption at the Federal

metropolis show that an entire change of administration is imperatively

demanded.

7. That the new dogma that the Constitution of its own force carries

slavery into any or all the Territories of the United States, in a

dangerous political heresy, at variance with the explicit provisions

of that instrument itself, with contemporaneous exposition, and with

legislative and judicial precedents, that it is revolutionary in its

tendency and subversive of the peace and harmony of the country.

8. That the nominal condition of all the territory of the United

States is that of freedom; that as our Republican fathers, when they

had abolished slavery in all our national territory, ordained that

no person should be deprived of life, liberty or property without

due process of law, it becomes our duty by legislation, whenever

such legislation is necessary, to maintain this provision of the

Constitution against all attempts to violate it; and we deny the

authority of Congress, or a Territorial Legislature, or of any

individual, to give legal existence to slavery in any Territory of the

United States.

9. That we brand the recent re-opening of the African Slave Trade,

under the cover of our national flag, aided by perversions of judicial

power, as a crime against humanity, and a burning shame to our country

and age; and we call upon Congress to take prompt and efficient

measures for the total and final suppression of that execrable traffic.

10. That in the recent vetoes by their Federal Governors of the acts of

the Legislatures of Kansas and Nebraska, prohibiting slavery in these

Territories, we find a practical illustration of the boasted Democratic

principles of non-intervention and Popular Sovereignty, embodied in

the Kansas-Nebraska bill, and a demonstration of the deception and

fraud involved therein.

11. That Kansas should, of right, be immediately admitted as a State

under the Constitution recently formed and adopted by her people, and

accepted by the House of Representatives.

12. That while providing revenue for the support of the General

Government, by duties upon imports, sound policy requires such an

adjustment of these imports as to encourage the development of the

industrial interests of the whole country, and we commend that policy

of National Exchange which secures to the working men liberal wages,

agriculture remunerative prices, to merchants and manufacturers an

adequate reward for their skill, labor and enterprise, and to the

nation commercial prosperity and independence.

13. That we protest against any sale or alienation to others of the

public lands held by actual settlers, and against any view of the free

homestead policy, which regards the settlers as paupers or suppliants

for public bounty, and we demand the passage by Congress of the

complete and satisfactory homestead measure which has already passed

the House.

14. That the National Republican party is opposed to any change in our

naturalization laws, or any State Legislation, by which the rights of

citizenship hitherto accorded to immigrants from foreign lands shall

be abridged or impaired, and in favor of giving a full and efficient

protection to the rights of all classes of citizens, whether native or

naturalized, both at home and abroad.

15. That appropriations by Congress for river and harbor improvements

of a national character, is required for the accommodation and security

of an existing commerce, or authorized by the Constitution and

justified by the obligation of the Government to protect the lives and

property of its citizens.

16. That a railroad to the Pacific ocean is imperatively demanded by

the interests of the whole country; and that the Federal Government

ought to render immediate and efficient aid in its construction, and

that preliminary thereto, a daily overland mail should be promptly

established.

17. Finally, having thus set forth our distinctive principles and

views, we invite the co-operation of all citizens, however differing in

other questions, who substantially agree with us, in their affirmance

and support.

PLATFORM OF THE NATIONAL CONSTITUTIONAL PARTY OF 1860.

The Union, the Constitution and the Laws.

UNION PLATFORM, ADOPTED AT BALTIMORE JUNE 8, 1864.

_Resolved_, That it is the highest duty of every American citizen to

maintain against all its enemies, the integrity of the Union, and

the paramount authority of the Constitution and laws of the United

States, and that, laying all political opinions aside, we pledge

ourselves, as Union men, animated by a common sentiment, and aiming at

a common object, to do everything in our power to aid the Government

in quelling, by force of arms, the rebellion now raging against its

authority, and bringing to the punishment due to their crimes, the

rebels and traitors arrayed against it.

_Resolved_, That we approve the determination of the Government of the

United States not to compromise with rebels, or to offer any terms of

peace, except such as may be based upon an unconditional surrender of

their hostility, &c., and a return to their just allegiance to the

Constitution and laws of the United States, and that we call upon the

Government to maintain this position, and to prosecute the war with the

utmost possible vigor to the complete suppression of the rebellion,

in full reliance upon the self-sacrifices, the patriotism, the heroic

valor, and the undying devotion of the American people to their country

and its free institutions.

_Resolved_, That slavery was the cause and now constitutes the strength

of the rebellion, and that as it must be always and everywhere hostile

to the principles of Republican Governments, justice and the national

safety demand its utter and complete extirpation from the soil of the

Republic, and that we uphold and maintain the acts and proclamations,

by which the Government, in its own defence, has aimed a death blow at

this gigantic evil. We are in favor, furthermore, of such an amendment

to the Constitution, to be made by the people in conformity with its

provisions, as shall terminate and forever prohibit the existence of

slavery within the limits of the jurisdiction of the United States.

_Resolved_, That the thanks of the American people are due to the

soldiers and sailors of the army and navy, who have periled their lives

in defence of their country, and in vindication of the honor of the

flag; that the nation owes them some permanent recognition of their

patriotism and their valor, and ample and permanent provision for those

of their survivors who have received disabling and honorable wounds

in the service of their country, and that the memories of those who

have fallen in its defense shall be held in grateful and everlasting

remembrance.

[Illustration: ABRAHAM LINCOLN.]

_Resolved_, That we approve and applaud the political wisdom, the

unselfish patriotism and unswerving fidelity to the Constitution

and the principles of American liberty with which Abraham Lincoln

has discharged, under circumstances of unparalleled difficulty, the

great duties and responsibilities of the Presidential office; that we

approve and endorse, as demanded by the emergency and essential to

the preservation of the nation, and as within the Constitution, the

measures and acts which he has adopted to defend the nation against its

open and secret foes; especially the Proclamation of Emancipation, and

the employment, as Union soldiers, of men heretofore held in slavery,

and that we have full confidence in his determination to carry these

and all other Constitutional measures, essential to the salvation of

the country, into full and complete effect.

_Resolved_, That we deem it essential to the general welfare, that

harmony should prevail in the national councils, and we regard as

worthy of public confidence and official trust those only who cordially

endorse the principle proclaimed in these resolutions, and which should

characterize the administration of the Government.

_Resolved_, That the Government owes to all men employed in its armies,

without distinction of color, the full protection of the laws of war,

and any violation of these laws and of the usages of civilized nations

in the time of war, by the rebels now in arms, should be made the

subject of full and prompt redress.

_Resolved_, That the foreign immigration, which in the past has added

so much to the wealth and development of resources and increase of

power to this nation, the asylum of the oppressed of all nations,

should be fostered and encouraged by a liberal and just policy.

_Resolved_, That we are in favor of the speedy construction of the

railroad to the Pacific.

_Resolved_, That the national faith is pledged for the redemption

of the public debt and must be kept inviolate; and that for this

purpose we recommend economy and rigid responsibilities in the public

expenditures, and a vigorous and just system of taxation; that it

is the duty of every loyal State to sustain the use of the national

currency.

_Resolved_, That we approve the position taken by the Government, that

the people of the United States can never regard with indifference the

attempt of European power to overthrow by force, or to supplant by

fraud, the institutions of any Republican government on the Western

Continent, and that they will view with extreme jealousy, as menacing

to the peace and independence of this our country, the efforts of

any such power to obtain new footholds for monarchical governments

sustained by a foreign military force in near proximity to the United

States.

FREMONT PLATFORM, ADOPTED AT CLEVELAND, MAY 31, 1864.

1. That the Federal Union must be preserved.

2. That the Constitution and laws of the United States must be observed

and obeyed.

3. That the rebellion must be suppressed by the force of arms, and

without compromise.

4. That the rights of Free Speech, Free Press, and the Habeas Corpus

must be held inviolate, save in districts where martial law has been

proclaimed.

5. That the rebellion has destroyed slavery, and the Federal

Constitution should be amended to prohibit its re-establishment.

6. That the right for asylum, except for crime, and subject to law,

is a recognized principle—a principle of American liberty; that any

violation of it must not be overlooked, and must not go unrebuked.

7. That the National policy known as the Monroe doctrine has become a

recognized principle, and that the establishment of an anti-republican

government on this continent by a foreign power can not be tolerated.

8. That the gratitude and support of the nation is due to the faithful

soldiers, and the earnest leaders of the Union army and navy, for their

heroic achievements and valor in defense of our imperiled country and

of civil liberty.

9. That the one term policy for the Presidency adopted by the people

is strengthened by the existing crisis, and shall be maintained by

constitutional amendments.

10. That the constitution shall be so amended that the President and

Vice-President shall be elected by a direct vote of the people.

11. That the reconstruction of the rebellious States belongs to the

people through their representatives in Congress, and not to the

Executive.

12. That the confiscation of the lands of the rebels and their

distribution among the soldiers and actual settlers is a measure of

justice; that integrity and economy are demanded at all times in the

measures of the government, and that now the want of this is criminal.

NATIONAL DEMOCRATIC PLATFORM OF 1864.

_Resolved_, That in the future, as in the past, we will adhere with

unswerving fidelity to the Union under the Constitution as the only

solid foundation of our strength, security and happiness as a people,

and as a framework of government equally conducive to the welfare and

prosperity of all the States, both Northern and Southern.

_Resolved_, That this Convention does explicitly declare, as the sense

of the American people, that after four years of failure to restore

the Union by the experiment of war, during which, under the pretense

of military necessity or war power higher than the Constitution, the

Constitution itself has been disregarded in every part, and public

liberty and private right alike trodden down, and the material

prosperity of the country essentially impaired, justice, humanity,

liberty and the public welfare demand that immediate efforts be made

for a cessation of hostilities with a view to an ultimate convention of

the States, or other peaceable means, to the end that at the earliest

practical moment peace may be restored on the basis of the Federal

Union of the States.

_Resolved_, That the direct interference of the military authorities of

the United States in the recent elections held in Kentucky, Maryland,

Missouri and Delaware was a shameful violation of the Constitution,

and a repetition of such acts in the approaching election will be held

as revolutionary, and resisted with all the means and power under our

control.

_Resolved_, That the aim and object of the Democratic party is to

preserve the Federal Union and the rights of the States unimpaired,

and they hereby declare that they consider that the administrative

usurpation of extraordinary and dangerous powers not granted by the

Constitution, the subversion of the civil by military law in States not

in insurrection, the arbitrary military arrest, imprisonment, trial and

sentence of American citizens in States where the civil law exists in

full force, the suppression of freedom of speech and of the press, the

denial of the right of asylum, the open and avowed disregard of State

rights, the employment of unusual test oaths, and the interference

with, and denial of the right of the people to bear arms in their

defense, is calculated to prevent a restoration of the Union and the

perpetuation of the Government deriving its just powers from the

consent of the governed.

_Resolved_, That the shameful disregard of the Administration to its

duty in respect to our fellow-citizens who now are, and long have

been, prisoners of war in a suffering condition, deserves the severest

reprobation on the score alike of public policy and common humanity.

_Resolved_, That the sympathy of the Democratic party is heartily and

earnestly extended to the soldiery of our army and sailors of our navy

who are and have been in the field and on the sea, under the flag of

their country, and in the event of its attaining power, they will

receive all the care, protection and regard that the brave soldiers and

sailors of the Republic have so nobly earned.

LIEUTENANT-GENERAL ULYSSES S. GRANT,

Was born at Mount Pleasant, Clermont county, Ohio. It seems that the

only marked traits of character he exhibited in early boyhood were

energy, industry, will. His educational advantages, at this period,

were those of the common, country school—no more.

In the year 1839, at the age of seventeen, he entered the United

States Military Academy at West Point, from which he graduated on the

30th day of January, 1843. During his stay at this Institution he

manifested that untiring industry, close application and unconquerable

will which distinguished his boyhood, and which have constituted so

conspicuous an element of his military character. It appears, however,

that he was never regarded as a genius; and the grade he sustained

on the day of graduation—that of 21 in a class of about 42—would not

indicate extraordinary advancement in the studies assigned him. But it

was remarked by those who conducted him through his Academic course,

as it has been by those who have observed his military career, that

he never lost an inch of the ground gained at each successive step in

his progress. At his graduation it is said he possessed a “practical

knowledge of the use of the rifled musket, the field piece, mortar,

siege, and sea-coast guns, small sword and bayonet, as well as the

construction of field works, and the fabrication of all munitions and

_materiel_ of war.”

At the close of his Academic course, he entered the United States

regular army as a Brevet Second Lieutenant of infantry. At this time,

the United States being at peace with all nations, Grant was attached

as a Supernumerary Lieutenant to the fourth infantry, then stationed on

the frontier in Missouri and Missouri Territory, and engaged in keeping

down the Indian tribes that at that time were very troublesome to the

early settlers of that region. Here Grant had not been many months when

he was ordered, with his regiment, to join the army of General Taylor,

in Texas. Soon after this, Corpus Christi, an important port on the

Texan shore, was taken possession of by the American army as a base of

operations against the Mexicans, between whom and the United States

disputes respecting certain imaginary boundary lines were fast ripening

into a war; and it was here that Grant received his commission as full

Second Lieutenant of Infantry. This commission dated from the 30th day

of September, 1845. On the 8th day of May, 1846, he participated in the

battle of Palo Alto, and although not noticed in the official reports,

was spoken of by his comrades as having displayed great gallantry. He

was likewise engaged in the subsequent brilliant operations of General

Taylor along the banks of the Rio Grande. On the 23d of September,

1846, he took part, with great credit to himself, in the splendid

affair at Monterey. It is a noteworthy fact that, although Grant’s

conduct in every one of these engagements was highly meritorious, he

remained in the back ground, claiming no honors or promotions, but

quietly biding his time.

After the formal declaration of war by the United States, against

Mexico, he was transferred to the command of General Scott, and

subsequently (March 29, 1847,) participated in the siege of Vera Cruz.

Immediately after this affair, he was appointed the Quartermaster of

his regiment, which office he retained throughout the Mexican campaign.

He was, however, honored with the appointment, on the field, of First

Lieutenant, to date from the 8th of September, 1847, for gallant and

distinguished voluntary services rendered on that day in the famous

battle of Molino del Ray. Congress afterwards wished to confirm the

appointment as a mere brevet, but Grant refused to accept it under such

circumstances.

On the 13th of September, 1847, he was made Brevet Captain of the

regular army for gallant conduct in the battle of Chepultepec, which

battle occurred on the preceding day. On the 16th of November, 1847, he

was commissioned a First Lieutenant in the fourth regiment of regular

infantry, still retaining his brevet rank of Captain.

At the close of the Mexican war, Grant, upon the distribution of his

regiment in companies and sections among the various Northern frontier

defences, along the borders of the States of Michigan and New York,

took command of his company in one of these defences. His regiment

having been afterwards consolidated and ordered to the Department of

the Pacific, Grant, with his own and some other companies, was sent

into Oregon to Fort Dallas. He received his full promotion to Captain

of infantry, in August, 1853, and was, shortly afterwards, attached to

the Department of the West; but, not regarding military so favorable

to progress as civil life, he resigned his connection with the United

States army on the 31st day of July, 1854, after which he resided near

the city of St. Louis, Missouri, until the year 1859. Here he resided

on a small farm, occupying himself in winter by hauling wood to the

Carondelet market, and during the summer in the collection of debts,

for which latter business, it is said, he had little capacity.

In the year 1859, he embarked in the leather trade with his father,

the firm opening business in the city of Galena, Illinois. Grant

continued in the leather business, driving a prosperous trade, up to

the breaking out of the Rebellion in 1861, when he offered his services

to his country, upon the first call for volunteers, and was appointed

by Governor Yates as Commander-in-Chief of the Illinois forces and

mustering officer of Illinois volunteers. Desiring active service

in the field, he resigned his appointment as mustering officer, and

accepted the Colonelcy of the 21st regiment of Illinois volunteers,

with a commission dating from June 15, 1861. In August, 1861, Colonel

Grant was promoted to the rank of Brigadier General of volunteers, his

commission dating from May 17, 1861.

Shortly after this he was appointed commandant of the post at

Cairo—which post included the Missouri shore of the Mississippi river,

from Cape Girardeau to New Madrid, and the opposite shore, to the point

of land on which Cairo stands. This position Grant filled with great

ability, checkmating, by his adroit maneuvering, the efforts of the

rebels to occupy, permanently, southern Kentucky, and conducting those

successful expeditions against Forts Henry and Donelson, which opened

the way to the occupation of Western Tennessee.

On the 16th of February, 1862, the day after the surrender of Fort

Donelson, he was appointed Major-General of volunteers, and was placed

in command of an expedition up the Tennessee river against the rebels

in and about Corinth, under command of Johnston and Beauregard. This

expedition terminated in the great battle of Shiloh or Pittsburg

Landing—which battle, occupying two days, (April 6th and 7th, 1862,)

was one of the bloodiest of the war, and resulted in the defeat of the

rebels and their retreat upon Corinth.

For the immense slaughter which attended this battle, General Grant was

very severely censured by the people, generally, throughout the Western

States.

Soon after this, General Halleck having assumed command of the army

before Corinth, and that place having fallen into the hands of the

United States forces by evacuation, an important change took place in

the army, which resulted in the assignment of General Grant to the

District of West Tennessee, and the promotion of General Halleck to the

office of General-in-Chief. The former soon after formed the plan of

opening the Mississippi river to its mouth. Memphis having been given

up to our troops, the chief obstacle in the way of the prosecution of

the design were Vicksburg and Port Hudson.

After a series of expeditions and battles, land and naval, in which

the courage and fortitude of the Union troops were no less prominently

exhibited than the superior engineering powers and unyielding

stubbornness of General Grant, Vicksburg was reduced by siege, and was

occupied by Grant on the 4th of July, 1863; and directly after this

(July 8, 1863) followed the surrender of Port Hudson to General N. P.

Banks.

On the 16th of October, 1863, the Departments of the Ohio, of the

Cumberland, and of the Tennessee were formed into the Military

Division of the Mississippi, under the command of General Grant.

The General, however, was not long in this position until, the grade

of Lieutenant-General having been revived, he was promoted to that

office—which office gave him control of the entire forces of the

United States. This appointment was made in February, 1864, and was

immediately followed by the most active, thorough preparations for a

movement upon Richmond by the Army of the Potomac under the personal

command of General Grant, and an expedition against Atlanta under

command of General Sherman. After the battles of the Wilderness,

Spottsylvania Court House and the siege of Petersburg, Lee’s retreat

was cut off by the rapid movements which Grant instituted, and on the

9th of April, just one week after the last great battle, the army of

Northern Virginia capitulated. Soon after the rebel General Johnston

surrendered to General Sherman, on the same terms granted by Grant to

Lee, and the great civil war was ended. Grant was appointed Secretary

of War _ad interim_, August 12th, 1867, and filled the office with

distinction until January 14, 1868, at which time Secretary Stanton was

reinstated by Congress. On the 21st of May, 1868, he was unanimously

nominated for the Presidential chair by the Republican Convention,

which met at Chicago.

THE TENURE-OF-OFFICE BILL.

(PASSED MARCH 2, 1867.)

_Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the

United States of America in Congress assembled_, That every person

holding any civil office to which he has been appointed by and with

the advice and consent of the Senate, and every person who shall

hereafter be appointed to any such office, and shall become duly

qualified to act therein, is, and shall be entitled to hold such office

until a successor shall, in like manner, have been appointed and duly

qualified, except as herein otherwise provided: _Provided_, That the

Secretaries of State, of the Treasury, of War, of the Navy, and of the

Interior, the Postmaster-General, and the Attorney-General shall hold

their offices respectively for and during the term of the President

by whom they may have been appointed, and for one month thereafter,

subject to removal by and with the advice and consent of the Senate.

SEC. 2. That when any officer, appointed as aforesaid, excepting Judges

of the United States Courts, shall, during a recess of the Senate,

be shown, by evidence satisfactory to the President to be guilty

of misconduct in office, or crime, or for any reason shall become

incapable or legally disqualified to perform its duties, in such case,

and in no other, the President may suspend such officer and designate

some suitable person to perform temporarily the duties of such office

until the next meeting of the Senate, and until the case shall be acted

upon by the Senate, and such person so designated, shall take the oaths

and give the bonds required by law to be taken and given by the person

duly appointed to fill such office, and in such case it shall be the

duty of the President, within twenty days after the first day of such

next meeting of the Senate, to report to the Senate such suspension

with the evidence and reasons for his actions in the case, and the name

of the person so designated to perform the duties of such office. And

if the Senate shall concur in such suspension, and advise and consent

to the removal of such officer, they shall so certify to the President,

who may thereupon remove such officer, and by and with the advice and

consent of the Senate, appoint another person to such office. But if

the Senate shall refuse to concur in such suspension, such officer

so suspended shall forthwith resume the functions of his office, and

the powers of the person so performing its duties in his stead shall

cease, and the official salary and emoluments of such officer shall,

during such suspension, belong to the person so performing the duties

thereof, and not to the officer so suspended: _Provided, however_, That

the President in case he shall become satisfied that such suspension

was made on insufficient grounds shall be authorized at any time before

reporting such suspension to the Senate, as above provided, to revoke

such suspension and reinstate such officer in the performance of the

duties of his office.

SEC. 3. That the President shall have power to fill all vacancies

which may happen during the recess of the Senate by reason of death

or resignation, by granting commissions which shall expire at the end

of their next session thereafter. And if no appointment by and with

the advice and consent of the Senate shall be made to such office so

vacant or temporarily filled as aforesaid, during such next session of

the Senate, such office shall remain in abeyance without any salary,

fees, or emoluments attached thereto until the same shall be filled by

appointment thereto by and with the advice and consent of the Senate,

and during such time all the powers and duties belonging to such office

shall be exercised by such other officer as may by law exercise such

powers and duties in case of a vacancy in such office.

SEC. 4. That nothing in this act contained shall be construed to extend

the term of any office, the duration of which is limited by law.

SEC. 5. That if any person shall, contrary to the provisions of this

act, accept any appointment to, or employment in, any office, or shall

hold or exercise, or attempt to hold or exercise any such office or

employment, he shall be deemed, and is hereby declared to be guilty of

a high misdemeanor, and upon trial and conviction thereof, he shall be

punished therefor by a fine not exceeding ten thousand dollars, or by

imprisonment not exceeding five years, or both said punishments, in the

discretion of the court.

SEC. 6. That every removal, appointment, or employment made, had, or

exercised contrary to the provisions of this act, and the making,

signing, sealing, countersigning, or issuing of any commission or

letter of authority for or in respect to any such appointment or

employment, shall be deemed and are hereby declared to be high

misdemeanors, and upon trial and conviction thereof, every person

guilty thereof shall be punished by a fine not exceeding ten

thousand dollars, or by imprisonment not exceeding five years, or

both said punishments in the discretion of the court: _Provided_,

That the President shall have power to make out and deliver after

the adjournment of the Senate, commissions for all officers whose

appointments shall have been advised and consented to by the Senate.

SEC. 7. That it shall be the duty of the Secretary of the Senate, at

the close of each session thereof, to deliver to the Secretary of the

Treasury, and to each of his assistants, and to each of the auditors,

and to each of the comptrollers in the treasury, and to the treasurer

and to the register of the treasury, a full and complete list, duly

certified, of all the persons who shall have been nominated to and

rejected by the Senate during such session, and a like list of all the

offices to which nominations shall have been made and not confirmed and

filled at such session.

SEC. 8. That whenever the President shall, without the advice and

consent of the Senate, designate, authorize, or employ any person

to perform the duties of any office, he shall forthwith notify the

Secretary of the Treasury thereof, and it shall be the duty of the

Secretary of the Treasury thereupon to communicate such notice to all

the proper accounting and disbursing officers of his department.

SEC. 9. That no money shall be paid or received from the Treasury, or

paid or received from or retained out of any public moneys or funds of

the United States, whether in the Treasury or not to or by or for the

benefit of any person appointed to or authorized to act in or holding

or exercising the duties or functions of any office contrary to the

provisions of this act, nor shall any claim, account, voucher, order,

certificate, warrant, or other instrument providing for or relating to

such payment, receipt, or retention, be presented, passed, allowed,

approved, certified, or paid by any officer of the United States or by

any person exercising the functions or performing the duties of any

office or place of trust under the United States for or in respect to

such office or the exercising or performing the functions or duties

thereof; and every person who shall violate any of the provisions of

this section, shall be guilty of a high misdemeanor, and upon trial and

conviction thereof, shall be punished therefor by a fine not exceeding

ten thousand dollars, or by imprisonment not exceeding ten years, or

both said punishments in the discretion of the court.

IMPEACHMENT OF PRESIDENT JOHNSON.

The events which led to the impeachment of President Johnson, may be

briefly stated as follows: On the 21st of February, 1868, the President

issued an order to Mr. Stanton, removing him from office as Secretary

of War, and another to General Lorenzo Thomas, Adjutant-General of

the Army, appointing him Secretary of War _ad interim_, directing the

one to surrender and the other to receive, all the books, papers, and

public property belonging to the War Department. As these orders fill

an important place in the history of the impeachment, we give them

here. The order to Mr. Stanton reads:

“By virtue of the power and authority vested in me as President by the

Constitution and laws of the United States, you are hereby removed from

office as Secretary for the Department of War, and your functions as

such will terminate upon the receipt of this communication. You will

transfer to Brevet Major-General Lorenzo Thomas, Adjutant-General of

the Army, who has this day been authorized and empowered to act as

Secretary of War _ad interim_, all records, books, papers, and other

public property now in your custody and charge.”

The order to General Thomas reads:

“The Hon. Edwin M. Stanton having been this day removed from office

as Secretary for the Department of War, you are hereby authorized and

empowered to act as Secretary of War _ad interim_, and will immediately

enter upon the discharge of the duties pertaining to that office. Mr.

Stanton has been instructed to transfer to you all the records, books,

and other public property now in his custody and charge.”

These orders having been officially communicated to the Senate, that

body, after an earnest debate, passed the following resolution:

“_Resolved by the Senate of the United States_, That under the

Constitution and laws of the United States the President has no power

to remove the Secretary of War and designate any other officer to

perform the duties of that office.”

[Illustration: ANDREW JOHNSON.]

The President, upon the 24th, sent a message to the Senate, arguing

at length that not only under the Constitution, but also under the

laws as now existing, he had the right of removing Mr. Stanton and

appointing another to fill his place. The point of his argument is:

That by a special proviso in the Tenure-of-Office Bill the various

Secretaries of Departments “shall hold their offices respectively

for and during the term of the President by whom they may have been

appointed, and for one month thereafter, subject to removal by and with

the advice of the Senate.” The President affirms that Mr. Stanton was

appointed not by him, but by his predecessor, Mr. Lincoln, and held

office only by the sufferance, not the appointment, of the present

Executive; and that therefore his tenure is, by the express reading of

the law excepted from the general provision, that every person duly

appointed to office “by and with the advice and consent of the Senate,”

etc., shall be “entitled to hold office until a successor shall have

been in like manner appointed and duly qualified, except as herein

otherwise provided.” The essential point of the President’s argument,

therefore, is that, as Mr. Stanton was not appointed by him, he had,

under the Tenure-of-Office Bill, the right at any time to remove him;

the same right which his own successor would have, no matter whether

the incumbent had, by sufferance, not by appointment of the existing

Executive, held the office for weeks or even years. “If,” says the

President, “my successor would have the power to remove Mr. Stanton,

after permitting him to remain a period of two weeks, because he was

not appointed by him, I who have tolerated Mr. Stanton for more than

two years, certainly have the same right to remove him, and upon

the same ground, namely, that he was not appointed by me but by my

predecessor.”

In the meantime General Thomas presented himself at the War Department

and demanded to be placed in the position to which he had been assigned

by the President. Mr. Stanton refused to surrender his post, and

ordered General Thomas to proceed to the apartment which belonged to

him as Adjutant-General. This order was not obeyed, and so the two

claimants to the Secretaryship of War held their ground. A sort of

legal by-play then ensued. Mr. Stanton entered a formal complaint

before Judge Carter, Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the District

of Columbia, charging that General Thomas had illegally exercised

and attempted to exercise the duties of Secretary of War; and had

threatened to “forcibly remove the complainant from the buildings and

apartments of the Secretary of War in the War Department, and forcibly

take possession and control thereof under his pretended appointment by

the President of the United States as Secretary of War _ad interim_;”

and praying that he might be arrested and held to answer this charge.

General Thomas was accordingly arrested, and held to bail in the sum

of $15,000 to appear before the court on the 24th. Appearing on that

day he was discharged from custody and bail; whereupon he entered an

action against Mr. Stanton for false imprisonment, laying his damages

at $150,000.

On the 22d of February the House Committee on Reconstruction, through

its Chairman, Mr. Stevens, presented a brief report, merely stating

the fact of the attempted removal by the President of Mr. Stanton, and

closing as follows:

“Upon the evidence collected by the Committee, which is hereafter

presented, and in virtue of the powers with which they have been

invested by the House, they are of the opinion that Andrew Johnson,

President of the United States, should be impeached of high crimes and

misdemeanors. They, therefore, recommend to the House the adoption of

the following resolution:

“_Resolved_, That Andrew Johnson, President of the United States be

impeached of high crimes and misdemeanors.”

After earnest debate, the question on the resolution was adopted, on

the 24th, by a vote of 126 to 47. A committee of two members—Stevens

and Bingham—were to notify the Senate of the action of the House; and

another committee of seven—Boutwell, Stevens, Bingham, Wilson, Logan,

Julian, and Ward—to prepare the articles of impeachment. On the 25th

(February) Mr. Stevens thus announced to the Senate the action which

had been taken by the House:

“In obedience to the order of the House of Representatives we have

appeared before you, and in the name of the House of Representatives

and of all the people of the United States, we do impeach Andrew

Johnson, President of the United States, of high crimes and

misdemeanors in office. And we further inform the Senate that the House

of Representatives will in due time exhibit particular articles of

impeachment against him, to make good the same; and in their name we

demand that the Senate take due order for the appearance of the said

Andrew Johnson to answer to the said impeachment.”

The Senate thereupon, by a unanimous vote, resolved that this message

from the House should be referred to a select Committee of Seven, to be

appointed by the chair, to consider the same and report thereon. This

Committee subsequently made a report laying down the rules of procedure

to be observed on the trial.

On the 29th of February the Committee of the House appointed for that

purpose presented the articles of impeachment which they had drawn up.

These, with slight modification, were accepted on the 2d of March. They

comprise nine articles, eight of which are based upon the action of the

President in ordering the removal of Mr. Stanton, and the appointment

of General Thomas as Secretary of War. The general title to the

impeachment is:

“Articles exhibited by the House of Representatives of the United

States, in the name of themselves and all the people of the United

States, against Andrew Johnson, President of the United States, as

maintenance and support of their impeachment against him for high

crimes and misdemeanors in office.”