adds 16, _Ah Lord Yahweh_ in 17, 24, 25, and in the main 26-44, from
which probably more deductions should be made than he makes. Gillies
(270 ff.) takes 16-25 as later reflections on a prayer by Jeremiah,
24-41 as editorial, 42-44 as bringing us back to the actual
situation. This is safer than Peake’s distinction of 16, 24-26,
36-44 as genuine (slightly qualified by his notes). Hebrew and Greek
throughout are the same, save for the usual Greek omissions, and
these are more in the narrative 1-15 (especially 5_b_, 11_b_, 14
_these deeds_ with _it_ for _them_ and _they_, while in 8 for Hebrew
_the redemption is thine_ it has _thou art the elder_) than in the
prayer and the divine answer (30_b_, 36 _captivity_ for
_pestilence_, 41 _visit_ for _rejoice over_). In 6 for Hebrew _me_
Greek has _Jeremiah_, but confirms the 1st person in 8, 9-13, 16,
25, and in 26 has _me_ for Hebrew _Jeremiah_. Greek, too, has some
of its unusual surplus: 8 _Shallum_, 12 _son of_, 19 ὁ θεος ὁ μέγας
ὁ παντοκράτωρ καὶ μεγαλώνυμος Κύριος, 25 _and I wrote the deed and
sealed it_, 33_b_ _still_, 43 _again_.
605 The custom was to have one copy open for reference, and one sealed
for confirmation if the open one should be disputed. To _sealed_
Hebrew adds _the injunction and conditions_.
606 The numerous emendations are purely conjectural; the least
unsatisfactory being Cornill’s: _The houses ... shall be torn down
against which the Chaldeans are coming to fight with mounds and
sword and to fill with the corpses of men whom I have smitten in my
wrath_, etc.
607 One may eliminate the few words not found in Greek, and naturally
suspect the liturgical clause in 11. Some take 13 as a late
expansion of 12.
608 xxxviii. 28.
609 Verse 14 follows directly on verse 3. The statement that Nebuṣaradan
was one of them is in verse 13 which belongs to the very late
section, 4-13, lacking in the Greek.
610 Hebrew: lit. _to the house_; Greek omits.
611 Either Neby Samwîl or Tell-en-Naṣb, both a few miles north of
Jerusalem. The above exposition takes xxxix. 3, 14 and xl. 1-6 as
supplementary. But some read them as variants of the same episode,
debating which is the more reliable. For a full discussion see
Skinner, pp. 272 ff.
612 Hebrew, _the forces_ (Greek, _the force_) _in the field_.
613 The oscillations of this controversy have been recently so fully
recounted (by Cornill and Peake) that it is unnecessary to repeat
them here.
614 Whether the datum xxx. 2, that Jeremiah was commanded by the Lord to
write the words spoken to him in a book, is historical, is
uncertain. It is not impossible that as he had been moved to write
down his Oracles of doom (xxxvi) he should now be similarly advised
about these later Oracles of hope. The rejection of xxx. 2, by most
critics, seems to me rash.
615 This in answer to Rothstein (Kautzsch’s “Heilige Schrift des A. T.,”
754), whose upper date for them _after_ 597 is too early, and to
Gillies (p. 238) who refers them to the Prophet’s imprisonment.
616 Hebrew adds the gloss _like a bearing woman_.
617 So Greek, reading היו for הוי.
618 So Greek, Hebrew _thy_.
619 So Greek, Hebrew _thy_.
620 So Greek, Hebrew _thy_.
621 After the Greek.
622 Driver.
623 Hebrew adds _Rede of the Lord_.
624 Lecture viii.
625 Greek, _family_.
626 iii. 6 f.
627 See p. 72.
628 Cornill dates the poem, “surely,” from the earliest stage of
Jeremiah’s prophetic career; but both its late place in the Book and
the reasons given above argue strongly for a date at Miṣpah under
Gedaliah.
629 So Greek.
630 Or _continue troth to thee_.
631 So Greek; Hebrew _deck thee with_.
632 So Greek.
633 Lit _make common_, i.e. not be obliged to wait over the first four
crops as required by the law, Lev. xix. 23-25, before having the
fruit released for their own use. Greek reads the similar Hebrew
verb _praise_.
634 Above, pp. 149 f., 152, 155 ff.
635 Duhm emends to _on the top of the hills_.
636 So Greek and Targ.
637 So Greek.
_ 638 Ibid._
639 So Greek.
640 It is singular how each of these three verses contains not four but
five lines. Cornill, by using the introduction _Thus saith the
Lord_, omitting _the remnant of Israel_, combining two pairs of
lines and including the following couplet, effects the arrangement
of octastichs to which he has throughout the book arbitrarily
committed himself. Duhm has another metrical arrangement.
641 Or _coasts_.
642 Lit. _they stream upon_, A.V. _flow together_; but the verb is to be
taken in the same sense as in Ps. xxxiv. 5 _were lightened_ and in
Is. lx. 5, R.V. It is the liquid rippling light, thrown up on the
face from water.
643 So Greek.
644 Hebrew adds _and will comfort them_.
_ 645 Richly_ lit. _with fat_, which Greek omits but to _priests_ adds
_the sons of Levi_, an instance of how ready later hands have been
to add prose glosses to the poetry.
646 1 Sam. x. 2.
647 See above pp. 46 f.
648 Hebrew and some versions add _for her children_.
649 Greek has not the first line of this couplet, and reads differently
the second. The whole seems a needless variant or paraphrase of 16.
650 Or _turned to_ (?). Greek reads _after my captivity_.
651 Some would read _was chastised_.
652 Still have that on my conscience; there is no need to doubt this
line in whole or part as some do.
653 After all that has passed!
_ 654 Compass_ or _change to_ (?) This couplet has been the despair of
commentators. Its exilic terms, _created_ and _female_, relieve us
of it.
655 Hebrew adds _of hosts, God of Israel_.
656 Hebrew and Greek add _holy mount_, a late term and here irrelevant,
for it is _all_ Judah that is described.
657 Greek _each_.
658 Doubtful. Jeremiah had nothing to do with dreams as means of
prophecy.
659 Hebrew adds to each _the house of_.
660 Hebrew adds from i. 10 (_q.v._), _pluck up, break down and destroy_.
661 As Dr. Skinner says, “it was only by way of the eternal world that
Jeremiah could enter on the fruition of his hopes.”
662 “That atrocious brigand” (Renan).
_ 663 The folds of_, as Aquila shows that we should read Hebrew _Geruth_.
664 For the above see ch. xli, continuing from xl what is no doubt
Baruch’s account.
665 So ch. xlii. This and xli are substantially the same in Hebrew and
Greek, the Greek as usual omitting the repetitions of the Divine
Titles and of the names of the fathers of the actors, and a few
other expansions; and suggesting, as Syriac and Vulg. also do, some
minor corrections.
666 xxiv. 1 ff.
667 xliii. 1-7. Hebrew and Greek still agree in essentials, Greek as
usual omitting Divine Titles (which the Hebrew copyists delight in
repeating), the needless father-names and also the term _proud_ (or
_presumptuous_) in 2, where it reads _the others_ for the senseless
Hebrew participle _saying_. In 6 it reads _remainder_ for
_children_, and _household_ for _daughters—of the king_.
668 xliii. 8-13. In 9 for the obscure Hebrew phrase, R.V. _in mortar in
the brickwork_, Greek reads ὲν προθύροις; in 10 lacks _My servant_,
for _I_ and _I have_ reads _he_ and _thou hast_; and in 12 _he
shall_ for _I will_. Also in 12 for _he shall array himself with the
land of Egypt as a shepherd putteth on his garment_, Greek has _he
shall clear out the land as a shepherd clears his garment from
lice_. Suitable and vivid as this figure is and adopted by many
moderns, one hesitates to use it for lack of confirmation from other
sources. The other one is sufficient.
669 Besides its usual _minus_ Greek omits in 1 _and at Noph_, in 3 _and
to serve_ and _neither ... fathers_, in 9 _and your own wickedness_,
in 10 _neither have they feared, in my law nor, before you and_, in
11 _against you ... all Judah_, at least half of 12, in 15 _unto
other gods_ and _that stood by_, in 18 _and to pour out ... unto
her_, in 19 _to portray her_, in 22, _without inhabitant_, in 23 _as
it is this day_, in 28 _mine or theirs_. Also Greek begins 19, _And
all the women answered and said_, and in 25 for _ye and your wives_
reads properly _ye women_.
670 Hebrew adds _and at Noph_ (Memphis).
671 Duhm, Rothstein, Cornill, Gillies, etc., eliminate from 15 as a
later addition _all the men who knew that their wives burned to
other gods_ on the ground that 19 shows the women alone to be the
speakers; Duhm, precariously changing besides _a great assembly_ (by
the alteration of one letter) to _with a great_ (loud) _voice_. And
these critics and Driver, Giesebrecht and Peake rightly take _even
all the people ... in Pathros_ as a late gloss founded on verse 1.
672 That is _solemnly sworn_; Judg. xi. 36; Numb. xxx. 2, 12.
673 Some Greek MSS. and Syriac have _and all the women answered_, an
addition felt to be necessary after the mention of _both_ men and
women in 15.
674 Hebrew adds _to portray her_, that is on the cakes.
675 Erbt first made clear the metrical form of these verses, though I
think too grudgingly, and has ignored the fact that they are not one
but two Oracles.
676 So Greek.
677 Generally accepted instead of Hebrew _vows_.
678 Calvin.
679 The rest of 27 and 28_a_, the destruction of all the Jews in Egypt,
is a prose expansion.
680 Hebrew adds, but Greek lacks, _from me or from them_.
681 xx. 8.
682 i. 6.
683 xx. 7.
684 vi. 11, xx. 9.
685 xv. 10; cp. xii. 1.
686 i. 10, p. 83.
687 xx. 2 ff.; see p. 192.
688 xxii. 18 f.; see p. 167.
689 xxxviii. 19 ff.; pp. 282 f.
690 xxix. 24-32.
691 xxviii. 17.
692 xlv. 5; p. 228.
693 So Greek; Hebrew _thou lettest me see_.
694 Greek; Hebrew takes this with the next line.
695 So generally read since Hitzig; Hebrew has _bread_, i.e. _fruit_.
696 Others: _on Thee I have rolled_; cp. xx. 12.
697 Greek; Hebrew _thy_.
698 Hebrew copyists senselessly repeat, _Thus saith the Lord of Hosts_;
Greek omits.
699 So Greek.
700 Greek.
701 Greek, meaning, Thy sanction to their curses.
702 The text of the last six lines is corrupt; the above is Duhm’s
reading after the Greek. See too J. R. Gillies. Verses 13, 14 are
out of place here, see xvii. 3, 4.
703 Greek omits.
704 So Greek; Hebrew (with same consonants, but the first two
transposed) _Found were Thy words_.
705 So Greek; Hebrew _I did eat them_. But all this bracketed quatrain
breaks the connection between what precedes and verse 17.
706 Cornill after Greek.
707 Omit _of bronze_ for the metre’s sake; it is a copyist’s echo of i.
18. Cornill omits _impassable_ instead.
708 Hebrew adds _Rede of the Lord_.
709 Hebrew precedes this with And the Word of _the Lord came unto me_,
which Greek is without, thus closely connecting xvi. 2 ff. with xv.
21.
710 In 3, 4 the bracketed lines are probably expansions of the original.
711 Hebrew, etc., add _nor bemoan them_—expansion.
712 5_b_, 6_a_ are not in Greek.
713 So Greek.
714 By a change of vowels.
715 So Greek.
716 Greek lacks _of Hosts_.
717 Perhaps 14 connects with 9, 10. The line _For Thou art my praise_ is
a late addition.
718 So Aq. Symm. Syr., reading _ra’ah, evil_ for _ro’eh, shepherd_.
_ 719 Torah_, see p. 154.
720 So Greek; Hebrew _of mine accusers_.
721 To this line Greek adds _have privily laid a stumbling block_. Most
regard both lines as an expansion from 22.
722 Pl.; So Greek.
723 Pl.; So Greek.
724 Above, pp. 276 ff.
725 In contrast with its boldness in textual criticism a curious
timidity of sentiment has set through recent O.T. scholarship in
Germany from which the older German scholars were free.
726 Greek _the name of the Lord_.
727 Greek; Hebrew adds _any more_.
728 So Greek.
729 Hebrew adds _of Hosts_.
730 Verse 13, a doxology, is probably a later addition.
731 So Greek.
732 Cp. xviii. 20 f. p. 329.
733 xii. 5; cp. xv. 19.
734 iv. 10; p. 322; xv. 18.
735 i. 17 f.; cp. xv. 19.
736 See above, p. 160.
737 Hebrew adds, _Thou seest me_.
738 See also p. 160. Verse 4 is clearly out of place here, referring to
a hardly relevant subject. Verse 6 is less improbable an
illustration of the harder troubles in store for the prophet. There
is no reason to doubt the genuineness of the rest: _Thou can’st not
trust_, so Greek; Hebrew _thou art trusting_. Hitzig, etc., by
changing one consonant read _thou art fleeing_. _Rankness_ lit.
_pride_ or _extravagance_. If verse 6 is original, the date of the
whole is early.
739 See above, p. 202.
740 v. 31; p. 125.
741 ii. 22 f.; xiii. 23; xvi. 12; xvii. 1; etc.
742 ii. 11-13, 22, 25, 31 f.
743 ii. 35; v. 31; vii. 4-11, 21 ff.; xi. 15; xiv. 12.
744 iv. 3, 4; vii. 3 ff. etc.
745 xv. 18.
_ 746 Debase not the throne of Thy Glory_, xiv. 21.
747 xiv. 8, 9; see p. 57.
748 x. 1-16 is a later writer’s; see p. 207.
749 vi. 27; see pp. 132, 133.
750 xii. 1 ff., etc.
751 xx. 7, 11.
752 xvii. 7 f.; p. 54.
753 See above, p. 299.
754 Shortly before his death, Professor A. B. Davidson said to me,
“These prophets were terribly one-idea’d men”—their one idea being
that the Lord was about to do something.
755 ii., iii. _passim_.
756 ii. 31.
757 ii. 8; _Where is the Lord?_
758 i. 12 ff.
759 xxvii. 5.
760 xxii. 7; i. 15; iv. 6; v. 15, etc.
761 xxii. 25 f.; xxiv. 8 ff.; xxv. 9; xxvii. 6; xxxii. 3; xxxiv. 2, 22.
762 xviii. 1-11.
763 i. 9 f.; etc.
764 ii. 9; xii. 1 ff.; xiii. 1; xviii. 1; xix. 1, xxiv. 1 f.; xxvii. 2;
xxxii. 6; xxxv. 2; xxxvi. 2, 28.
765 ii. 5, 11; viii. 19 (?); xiv. 22; xvi. 19, 20; xviii. 15; xxxii. 30
(?), etc. _Bubble_, Hebrew _hebel_, lit. _breath_, usually rendered
_vanity_ by our versions.
766 Deut. iv. 19 reconciles the two by saying that Yahweh had assigned
the gods to their respective nations.
767 Above, pp. 187 ff.; ii. 9, 31 f.; iii. 12, 19; etc.
768 ix. 24; cp. v. 1 ff., etc.
769 vii. 3 ff.; xxvi. 13. See above, pp. 155 ff.
770 xxii. 15 f.
771 ix. 7; cp. ii. 9, 35; v. 7-9, 25.
772 Not from the very earliest; ii. and iii. utter pleadings rather than
condemnations.
773 iii. 1 ff., 20.
774 vi. 11; iv. 8, 26; xxv. 15; xxx. 24 (also, but out of place in
xxiii. 20); cp. xiii. 12-14.
775 ii. 20; iii. 3, 6 ff., 20; xii. 8.
776 iv. 28; v. 7; vii. 16; xi. 14; xv. 1 ff.
777 v. 9, 29; ix. 9; xxi. 7.
778 vi. 15; viii. 12; ix. 15 (xxiii. 15); xv. 7, 8; xiii. 24; xviii. 17;
vi. 26; ix. 11; vii. 15; xxiv. 9, 10.
779 ii. 19; iv. 18; vii. 19; xiii. 22.
780 vi. 27-30; pp. 132 ff.
781 ii. 30, v. 3.
782 ii. 25; xviii. 12; vi. 15; viii. 12; xi. 14; xiv. 11.
783 v. 31; xiii. 25; xviii. 11 ff.; xxiii. 14-17; xxvii. 9; xxviii. 15.
784 iii. 21-25, a vain confession of sin by the people which meets only
with a sterner call from God (iv. 3-4; see pp. 102 f., 107 f.) and
was, as the subsequent years proved, ineffective; cp. xviii. 15.
785 ii. 5, 31, 32.
786 xii. 7-9; ii. 14.
787 xii. 11; cp. Gen. xlviii. 7.
788 xxxi. 20.
789 I shall judge thee for saying “I am guiltless”: ii. 35.
790 Above, pp. 186 ff., 348.
791 ii. 13; xiv. 8; xvii. 13; iii. 12.
792 i. 11 f.; xxxi. 35 f.
793 viii. 7; v. 22 (xxxi. 35); xiv. 22 (after the Greek); cp. iii. 3; v.
24.
794 xxiii. 23 f.; above, p. 256.
795 By Smend.
796 Amos ix. 2 ff.
797 See above, pp. 238-241.
798 xxix. 4-13; cp. vii. 14, 21 ff.; iii. 16; and see above, pp.
143-159.
799 See above, pp. 90 ff.
800 v. 1-5; viii. 8, scribes and wise; and prophets and priests
continually.
801 ix. 4 f.; v. 7 f.; xx. 3 f.; xxii. 13-18; xxxviii. 22; xxviii. 15 f.
802 iii. 2; v. 26; x. 21; xxiii. 31.
803 v. 1.
804 xi. 20; xx. 12.
805 xvii. 9 f.
806 xxiii. 24.
807 xxxi. 29 f.
808 xxvi. 2 f.
809 ix. 24.
810 x. 23.
811 xvii. 7 f.; above, p. 54.
812 See above, pp. 227-229.
813 xii. 3.
814 Above, pp. 293 ff. This was rightly perceived by earlier critics of
last century, Movers, De Wette, Hitzig, etc., who mostly assigned as
a date the end of the exile and read the influence of the Second
Isaiah upon any Jeremian material that the chapters may contain. In
spite of objections by Graf their thesis was reaffirmed and expanded
by Stade (_Gesch. Isr._ i. 643) and by Smend (_Lehrbuch der A.T.
Religionsgeschichte_, 1893), who denied that any part of xxx, xxxi
was from Jeremiah, on grounds both of alleged inconsistencies with
Jeremiah’s teaching, and of the representations of Judah with her
people restored and her cultivation resumed. But since Smend
criticism has been more discriminating; admitting post-exilic
elements and consequently a late age for the whole collection but
reserving for our Prophet various passages: Giesebrecht, xxxi. 2-6,
15-20, 27-34; Duhm, xxx. 12-15, xxxi. 2-6, 15-22_a_; Erbt, xxxi.
2-6, 15-17, 18-20; Cornill, xxxi. 2-5, 9_b_, 15-22_b_, 31-34; J. R.
Gillies, xxxi. 2-6, 15-20, 29 f., 31_b_, 33_b_, 34; Peake, xxxi.
2-6, 15-22, 31-34; Skinner, xxxi. 2-6, 15 f., 18-20, 21 f., 29 f.,
31-34.
815 Above, pp. 36 f., 40-42, 49-52, 91.
816 Above, pp. 40, 91, 142, 145.
817 xi. 1 ff., etc.
818 xxiv. 7.
819 ix. 24; cp. viii. 7_b_, etc.
820 So Greek, Latin and Syriac; Hebrew _though I was an husband to
them_.
821 So one Greek version.
822 So some MSS.
823 So Greek and Latin.
824 Hebrew adds, _Rede of the Lord_.
825 Giesebrecht.