VENOMOUS BITES—are sometimes sustained by horses and dogs; and become
the more perplexing, in consequence of not knowing from whence the
injury proceeds. Vipers, slow-worms, efts, horse-stingers, hornets, and
wasps, seem to be nearly the whole tribe from which bites (or stings) of
this description are received. The effect of either is much the same, as
to inflammation, pain, and tension; but that the symptoms are not
equally severe, being gradational in their degrees of violence,
according to the individual by which the wound is inflicted. Of these
the viper is by much the worst; for the vesicle in which the poisonous
particles are contained, being seated upon the gum close to the
insertion of the tooth, in the very act of biting, the vesicle is
broken, and the venomous fluid at the same moment communicated to the
wound. This is followed by excruciating pain, increasing inflammation,
and various violent symptoms, in either man or beast. By way of
immediate relief, bleeding is first premised, to unload the vessels, and
take off the increasing stricture from the part: this, followed by an
early application of the _oil_ of _vipers_, is said to be infallible.
Repeated experiments have proved the finest _olive oil_ to be equally
efficacious. The others, however painful at first, soon submit to
repeated bathings with the strongest white wine vinegar, or a weak
solution of sugar of lead.
VENERY, BEASTS OF,—are little heard or spoken of, but in the code of
FOREST LAWS originally framed for the preservation of _vert_ and
_venison_. Beasts of venery (alias, beasts of forest) are the hart,
hare, hind, boar, and wolf.
VERDERER—is a judicial officer of the King's Forest, elected (under his
Majesty's writ) by a majority of votes in a convened county court of the
shire in which the forest is; and there sworn before the sheriff, to
keep and maintain the assizes and laws of the forest; and also to
review, receive, and enrol, all the attachments and presentments of all
manner of trespasses of the forest in respect to vert and venison.
The official department of a Verderer bears great similitude to that of
a coroner, and in this particular respect; that as a coroner, upon the
notice of a sudden or accidental death, (if attended with circumstances
to render the inquisition necessary,) is to take a personal view of the
body, and to make inquiry, upon the joint oaths of twelve men, how and
by what means the person came by his or her death, and who and what was
the occasion thereof; so it is the official duty of the Verderer to look
after and view the beasts of the forest; for any of those being found
hurt, wounded, or slain, upon notice given to the Verderer, he is to
take a view of the same, and to cause a jury of twelve men to be
summoned from the surrounding district, that an inquisition may be made
to discover (if possible) how and by whom the said beast was hurt,
wounded, or killed. The office of the Verderer at the Court of
Attachments, is to sit there to see, hear and examine the attachments of
the forest, both in vert and in venison, and to receive the same of the
subordinate officers, or those who may attend to present them there, and
then to enter them into their own rolls. See FOREST LAWS.
VERMIN—is a term of very extensive signification, including a long list
of noxious animals, some of which contribute largely to the sports of
the field. The principal vermin of this country consist of the fox, the
badger, the martern, the pole-cat, the weasel, the stoat, the rat, and
the mouse; of which a description of all the former will be found under
their distinct heads.
VERT—is a term in the Forest Laws, meant to include every plant growing
within a forest or its purlieus, bearing a _green leaf_, and of
sufficient magnitude to hide or cover a deer beneath its branches; but
it must be understood to signify such plants as are either trees, woods,
bushes, or underwood; not descending to inferior shrubs, passing under
the denomination of plants, but affording no cover. By _vert_ is
therefore implied those trees of growth and size sufficient to be
entitled conjunctively to the appellation of covert; as well underwood,
as great woods; and overt-vert is all sorts of high trees, as
nether-vert includes every kind of underwood.
VERTUMNUS—was a horse of some racing celebrity; and there is reason to
believe he would have been held in equal estimation with his
cotemporaries as a stallion, if he had enjoyed the run of _fashion_ in
his favour. He was bred by the late COLONEL O'KELLY; foaled in 1775; got
by _Eclipse_, dam by _Sweeper_, out of an old Tartar mare, the dam of
_Mercury_ and _Volunteer_. _Vertumnus_ got many tolerable runners as
country plate horses; but his merits as a stallion were never known,
till a circumstance occurred at a period of life when it was generally
considered too late to bring his powers experimentally into action.
_Baronet_ was got by _Vertumnus_, dam by _Snap_, out of an own sister to
_Nabob_. He was foaled in 1785; bred by Sir W. Vavasour, and by him sold
to his Royal Highness the Prince of Wales, who brought him forward from
obscurity, at six years old, to start at Ascot Heath for the great
Oatlands Stakes of 100 guineas each, _half forfeit_, two miles,
forty-one subscribers, for which _nineteen_ started, (forming one of the
richest and most striking spectacles ever seen upon the turf,) and was
won by _Baronet_; beating _Express_, _Chanticleer_, _Escape_,
_Coriander_, _Toby_, _Skylark_, _Precipitate_, _Minos_, _Pipator_,
_Euphrosyne_, _Competitor_, _Microscope_, _Crazy_, _Turnip-Top_,
_Buzzard_, _Lambinos_, and _Vermin_, who were concluded the best horses
in the kingdom. The sums betted were immense, which were sported in the
following proportions. Three to one against _Vermin_; seven to one
against _Precipitate_; eight to one against _Buzzard_; nine to one
against _Chanticleer_; twenty to one against _Baronet_; and one hundred
to three against _Express_, who was second. _Vermin_, who was then the
best three year old in the kingdom, and carried only five stone, three
pounds, was universally expected to win easy; but the diminutive
juvenile who rode him, was so hemmed in, and completely surrounded, by
the rest _at starting_, that those horses keeping their strokes, and
going well together, (or what is sportingly termed all _in a hustle_,)
they never afforded him the least chance of extrication.
VETERINARY COLLEGE.—The Veterinary College is a national establishment
for the general improvement of farriery, situate at Camden Town, in the
parish of St. Pancras, at the northern extremity of the Metropolis; and
derived its origin and institution from the following circumstance. In
January, 1789, issued from the press, a Treatise upon Farriery, in an
octavo volume, under the title of "The Gentleman's Stable Directory," by
the present Writer; the popularity of which occasioned it to pass
through _seven editions_ in the first twelve months, which number has
since been exactly doubled. In the course of the work, it was repeatedly
regretted, that, amidst the infinity of improvements for which the
English were so remarkable, the system of farriery should still remain
in its original state of barbarism. In a few months after which,
advertisements appeared in the different prints, under sanction of the
"ODIHAM AGRICULTURE SOCIETY," proposing a public subscription for
sending a certain number of lads _annually_ to _France_ to study
farriery, (now called the _veterinary science_.) The Author of the
Stable Directory, who was then preparing his _second_ volume for the
press, availed himself of the opportunity to congratulate the promoters
of so laudable an undertaking; at the same time obliquely observing, he
was concerned to see _France_ was to have the reputation of doing that
for us, which we could not do for ourselves.
Whether it was from the force of this admonition, or the effect of
chance, is not material; the scene within a period of two or three
months was totally changed. With a grant from Parliament, aided by
public contributions, and private subscriptions, the College was
erected, and instituted in February; and their propositions, rules, and
regulations, published April the 8th, 1791: the principal purport of
which were as follows. The establishment to consist of a President, ten
Vice-Presidents, twenty Directors, Treasurer, Professor, and Secretary.
The Society and School to be called the VETERINARY COLLEGE, LONDON. The
President, Vice-Presidents, ten of the Directors, and the Treasurer, to
be chosen every year by ballot. The President, Vice-Presidents, and
Directors, to form the Council, in which shall be lodged the whole
executive power of the College; subject to the controul of the members
(that is, the annual or perpetual subscribers) at large, at four
quarterly meetings. The Council to meet the first Tuesday in every
month; from which Council a Committee was to be elected, and called the
Permanent Committee, who were to meet the remaining Tuesdays in each
month: this Committee were to act with the authority of the Council, but
subject to its controul.
After various regulations respecting meetings of council, committees,
and members, it proceeded to state the annual election of a Medical
Experimental Committee, and a Committee of Transaction. The former to
meet occasionally, for the purpose of suggesting and trying experiments,
with a view to throw additional light on the animal œconomy, and to
discover the effects of medicines upon different animals, to be procured
for that particular purpose; and this Committee, from time to time, were
to make reports of their proceedings to the Council. The Committee of
Transaction to be charged with the selection, compilation and
arrangement of the matter for the _annual volume_ of transactions, and
the preparation of a prefatory discourse. This annual volume was
promised to each subscriber _gratis_, in page the eighth of their
original Prospectus, dated 1791; but how _many_ volumes have _appeared_
in the _twelve years_ is not _publicly_ known.
Of the SCHOOL, there shall be a PROFESSOR of Veterinary Medicine, who is
to continue superintendant of the whole. The Professor to be elected at
a general meeting, and to have the sole arrangement and direction of the
studies and occupations of the pupils of the school, of their matter and
order, of the distribution of his lectures, of the number and nature of
the subjects required for dissection. He shall likewise judge of the
kind and quality of the forage to be used in the infirmary; of the
regulation of the cattle therein, and of the remedies to be employed.
The Professor to have a yearly income, or salary, to increase
proportionally with the revenue of the College; but not to exceed a
certain sum _per annum_. There shall be a Clerk to assist the Professor
in keeping his books, and to follow his directions in entering and
registering all the concerns of the school, infirmary, laboratory, and
forge.
RULES respecting the PUPILS were these: Any person desirous of becoming
a resident pupil, must be able to read and write well. The preference
shall be given to such youths as shall have received the elements of a
good education, and more especially to those who have some knowledge of
surgery and pharmacy. Such candidate not being under the age of fifteen
years, nor more than twenty-two, must apply to the Secretary, and
deliver a paper, containing his name, age, and place of abode; and the
Secretary shall refer the same to the next meeting of the Council or
Permanent Committee. The resident pupils to be appointed by the Council,
and to be taken as much as possible from different counties, for the
better and more expeditious dissemination of the art. Each perpetual
member (that is, a subscriber of not less than twenty guineas) to have
the privilege of sending a pupil to attend a complete course of study. A
library shall be annexed to the College, comprehending all such works as
may contribute to enlarge and improve the veterinary science.
The studies for the pupils were divided into eight courses; after having
regularly and diligently gone through all which practically, as well as
theoretically, they were then to undergo a public examination in the
theory and practice of every branch of the veterinary art; and those
considered as perfectly qualified, were to receive a certificate, signed
by the Professor, and confirmed by the Council. It was concluded at the
publication of these original propositions, that the term for completing
the education would not exceed three years, provided the pupils were
equally capable, assiduous, and well-inclined. An INFIRMARY was to be
opened for the reception of diseased animals belonging to the members of
the College, at a fixed sum for their livery or subsistence, during the
time they remained under cure. The annual subscription was originally
not less than two guineas; and not less than twenty at one payment to
become a perpetual member. These, however, may probably, amidst the many
improvements made, have undergone various alterations.
It was at first supposed, from the great prospect of general utility,
and universal accommodation, that the establishment would soon have been
enabled to support itself upon the basis of public contribution and
private subscriptions: this, however, did not prove to be the case; for
in the month of April, 1795, precisely four years after its institution,
a petition was presented to the House of Commons, praying pecuniary
assistance for its support; which, from a consideration of its promised
advantages, was soon unanimously complied with, and a large sum voted to
its service. This was followed by an additional parliamentary grant of
1520_l._ in June 1797, since which it has also received farther national
assistance. Whether the number of annual subscribers declining, or the
aggregate not being adequate to the unavoidable expenditure of the
establishment, and occasioned pecuniary deficiencies, it is not
necessary to ascertain; evident it is, the establishment has been
productive of one great and substantial service to the country, not more
in respect to the general reformation and improvement of farriery, than
in affording to the military cavalry scientific practitioners, of which
they so very palpably stood in need.
Notwithstanding the advantages already resulting to the public at large,
time alone can demonstrate what emoluments will be derived by the
numerous individuals who were encouraged, by specious appearances, to
embark in the undertaking: one thing seems at present incontrovertibly
certain, that of those who have entered into the profession, the greater
part did so with an intention (since confirmed) of becoming MASTERS
immediately upon obtaining a certificate, and quitting the College; and
hence it is we have a _veterinary surgeon_ in every street and lane of
the Metropolis, with as great a scarcity of expert _journeymen_ as
before the institution took place. Experience and attentive observation
must have convinced every enlightened, humane, and liberal sportsman,
that the shoeing-smith has a life of _labour_ and _drudgery_, for which
he is the _least_ paid, and the _worst_ looked upon, of any tradesman in
the numerous catalogue of those who have a subsistence to obtain by the
sweat of the brow.
That the science of shoeing, and system of farriery, has seldom or ever
been undertaken or practised in this kingdom, but by men of the lowest
order, and without the advantage of education, must be candidly and
clearly admitted; the reason must be equally striking, and can stand in
little or no need of elucidation. Are there any attractions (as they are
now paid or compensated) beyond drudgery, degradation, and impending
indigence? Incessant labour during the early part of life, and
inevitable _poverty_ in _old age_, have, for century upon century, been
the hard-earned lot of _nineteen_ out of every _twenty_ shoeing-smiths
from one extremity of the kingdom to the other. Can it be expected that
those of much mental brilliancy, or manual dexterity, will prostitute
both, and descend to so dangerous, so laborious, and so degrading an
occupation, without even a chance of adequate compensation? These, it is
to be presumed, are very fairly inferred reasons why the practice has
always remained in a state of uncultivated sterility; from which even
now it appears not to be permanently rescued; for, exclusive of the
palpable inconveniencies, and discouraging prospects, already described,
which, to a man of spirit and emulation, are sufficiently disgusting,
when he adverts to the inferior rank he is in future destined to hold in
the scale of society, he becomes conscious of his own insignificance;
and, whatever education he may possess, or whatever knowledge he may
have attained, he feels but little probability of being held in a degree
of public estimation superior to the parochial _scavenger_ or _nightman_.
Whether the refinement of a college education may give a more sublime
complexion of respectability to the practice, and divest it of the
distinguished appellation of "_horse-doctor_," with its collateral
indignities, time alone must ascertain; it becoming here applicable only
to consider the state and condition of those who have hitherto
_voluntarily_ placed their children to so laborious, so hazardous, and
so unprofitable an employment. The _poor_ most probably feel equal
parental affection with the RICH, and would consequently venture as far
to prevent their offspring from embarking in a service of danger: thus,
then, it evidently is, the eyes of the most indigent, and the most
illiterate, are equally open, and require not to be told, that the trade
is a trade of constant labour, some danger, and little profit: they, of
course, reject it with contempt; and it has been very weakly supplied
even from the confines of a cottage, or the walls of a workhouse. If
there can possibly remain "a doubt to hang a loop upon," let a moment's
reflection solve the question, whether it can with consistency be
conceived, that any man, in moderate circumstances, who had given his
son a tolerable education, and had merely a few hundreds to give him, at
the hour of his own dissolution, would ever, for one hour, indulge the
idea or intent of placing him to a _blacksmith_? According to the
principles and facts already laid down, it is to be presumed, that a
circumstance so truly paradoxical and heterogeneous, has not often
occurred, and, from present appearances, is not likely to be often
repeated.
It is certainly a matter of general good, "most devoutly to be wished,"
that the present exertions to promote an improvement in the veterinary
science may be ultimately successful, and that it may also tend rapidly
to remove the paltry stigma of disgrace hitherto annexed to the
practice; but to do this, more _stimulative_ means must be attempted,
than those already adopted, which have held out nothing but a
_flattering glare_ of emulation, without the least prospect of
additional reward. There needs no "ghost from the grave" to demonstrate
an incontrovertible fact, that the _more_ the mind becomes expanded by
the sublunary rays of intellectual refinement, the less it is disposed
to encounter the subservience of drudgery, and the mortifying sensations
of partial indifference and public contempt; from the influence of which
impressive contemplation, it becomes conclusive, that very few, if any,
who become proficients (at the College or elsewhere) in the study of
PHYSIC, ANATOMY, and the peculiar property of medicine, will ever
condescend to blend those qualifications so industriously acquired with
the _act_ of _shoeing_, but consider themselves in a degree superior to
the _leathern apron_, the _vulcanian sledge_, the massy _anvil_, and
such inferior offices annexed to the operative department, as will, in
all human probability, continue it in the same state of predestined
subordination.
However repugnant it may prove to the wishes and laudable endeavours of
those patriotic, opulent, and distinguished characters, the President,
Vice-Presidents, and Directors, as well as the great body of original
subscribers to the establishment and support of the Veterinary College;
it now seems unequivocally to appear, that one mode must be ultimately
adopted, to produce the so much-desired stamp of success. When the
practice of the VETERINARY SURGEON (or equestrian physician) and
_operative farrier_ (or _shoeing-smith_) become as distinct as the
dignified diploma, and the pharmaceutic drudge; when the different
pursuits necessary to the attainment of adequate scientific knowledge,
are completed by the parties whose abilities are adapted to the
departments they are intended to fill; and when both are much more amply
rewarded than at present for their professional assistance; then, and
_not till then_, will the practice become an object of sufficient
attraction to men of genius, and intellectual capacity, capable of
rendering its improvement matter of national utility; and general
gratification to the inhabitants of a country where it has so long
continued a subject of almost indelible disgrace.
VICE.—The imperfections so called in a horse, are the distinguishing
traits of an innate bad temper, or a habit mischievously inclined: these
are very different from the little airs of skittishness, and proofs of
playful spirit, which are displayed by many horses, when brought from
confinement to enjoy the comforts and healthy advantages of _air_ and
_exercise_; or others who afford the same indications of pleasure during
the ceremony of dressing in the stable. Horses naturally vicious and
untractable, seldom keep that propensity long concealed; it generally
begins to appear early, and in most cases, with colts, even before they
are taken in hand to break. This tendency in some is soon obliterated by
gentle treatment, and frequent attentions of tenderness; but with others
it continues invincible, and occasionally shews itself during the whole
period of their existence. Some are constantly disposed to _kick_ or
_bite_ in the stable, who have no one imperfection without; on the
contrary, others, who are most incorrigibly restive and unruly without,
shall be incredibly calm and quiet within.
Opinions opposite to each other have always prevailed upon the treatment
necessary and _proper_ with horses of this description. That authority
must be enforced, fortitude exerted, patience persevered in, and
submission obtained, are all positions too firmly admitted, and
acquiesced in, to admit of contrariety; but experience has fully
demonstrated, that great points are sometimes effected by the salutary
interposition of equanimity and moderation, that never could be
accomplished by the frequently destructive gusts of inconsiderate
passion and unmanly violence. If a horse, disposed to be restive, is
addicted to running backwards, the best and only remedy is to continue
backing him (if there is room for the experiment) till he becomes
completely averse to his own undertaking; or procuring a person to come
suddenly upon him behind, during his retrograde motion, with a complete
_flagellation_ from a cart or hunting _whip_, which seldom or ever fails
to set such a one running from the _effect of fear_, and to produce a
complete eradication.
Horses rearing up on end, so as to stand nearly perpendicular upon their
hind legs, is the most dangerous of any description, even to the most
judicious, expert, and experienced horseman; who has, in such aukward
predicament, (particularly when a horse most viciously repeats it,) no
alternative, but to slacken his reins, and lean his body close to the
neck, the better to expedite so critical a preponderation. Horses
inclined to run away, from an impetuosity of temper, and an eagerness to
get forward, frequently alarm their riders, if they are exceedingly
irritable upon the score of _timidity_, or terrified upon the principle
of inexperience; but sportsmen mostly prefer horses who require the
_curb_, to those who want _a spur_, well knowing the utility of
moderately dropping the hand, and indulging the loose occasionally; as a
_dead pull_ at a hard-mouthed run-away horse, is the sure means of
making him endeavour to continue his career the longer.
VIPER, BITE OF.—See VENOMOUS BITES.
VISCIDITY OF THE BLOOD—is that state in which the blood is frequently
known, when, by a collapsion of the pores, (from some of those causes
which produce colds, coughs, and inflammatory diseases,) it acquires a
preternatural consistence from the external repulsion of the
perspirative matter, which, thrown upon the circulation, constitutes a
_siziness_ of the _blood_: this, by its retention, becomes so viscid and
adhesive, (or tough,) that, when it has been drawn off by bleeding, and
set by two or three hours to cool, it is with difficulty separated upon
the surface, even with the sharpest penknife. Horses having their blood
in a state too _sizy_ and _viscid_ for the perfect purposes of secretion
and health, soon display it in some way or other: a heaviness of the
head, a dulness of the eyes, a lassitude of the body, a husky tendency
to cough, a rough harshness in the coat, a swelling of the legs, or
cracks in the heels, (particularly if it happens in the winter season,)
are some of the indications by which it may be readily known, and should
be speedily counteracted. Unloading the vessels, by twice bleeding,
about ten days apart, attenuating the crassamentum of the blood by mild
diuretics, and altering its property by a short course of alterative
powders, will prove all that is necessary to promote and ensure
condition.
VIVES—is a disorder so similar to the strangles, that the leading
symptoms (at the commencement of the attack) are nearly the same; with
this difference only, that in the _strangles_ the tumefactions are
centrically situate in the concavity of the under jaw, just below the
gullet; and in the _vives_, the swellings are seated at the roots of the
ears, descending more or less towards the neck. These differ in
different subjects, as in some they do not suppurate; but by warmth, and
emollient unguents, applied twice or thrice a day, are absorbed into the
circulation, and are then to be taken out of the habit by a gentle
course of mercurial physic; but where the swelling and inflammation are
evidently too great for repulsion and absorption, suppuration must be
promoted by the means described, and the case treated as will be found
under the head STRANGLES.
VIXEN.—A bitch fox, or a female cub, is so called.
VOLUNTEER—was a racer in high estimation, and has long been a stallion
of much repute. He was bred by the late COLONEL O'KELLY, foaled in 1780;
got by _Eclipse_, dam by _Tartar_; and is own brother to _Mercury_,
_Venus_, _Jupiter_, _Adonis_, and _Queen Mab_. He is the sire of many
capital racers, the most remarkable of which are the following. In 1791,
_Portia_, (the Duke of Bedford's,) then three years old, won a
sweepstakes of 100 guineas each, six subscribers; 250 guineas forfeit
from five; both at Newmarket; the Oaks Stakes of 50 guineas each,
thirty-eight subscribers, at Epsom; and 200 guineas at Newmarket.
_Recruit_, three years old, won two fifties at Penrith. In 1792, five of
his get appeared with increasing reputation. _Nerissa_, (Duke of
Bedford's,) two years old, won 200 guineas at Newmarket. _Scanderbeg_,
(Mr. Fox's,) only two years old, won 200 guineas, 130 guineas, 100
guineas, 75 guineas, 100 guineas, and 200 guineas, all at Newmarket.
_Hop-planter_, three years old, won 50_l._ at Epsom, 50_l._ at
Guildford, and 50_l._ at Stockbridge. _Recruit_ won 50_l._ at Stamford,
50_l._ at Grantham, 50_l._ at Worcester, 50_l._ at Penrith: and
_Fetters_, (two years old,) 50 guineas at Newmarket.
In 1793 appeared _Cælia_, (Duke of Bedford's,) who at three years won
the Filly Stakes of 300 guineas, 1500 guineas, 50_l._ and 50 guineas, at
Newmarket; and the Oaks Stakes, of 50 guineas each, thirty-seven
subscribers, at Epsom. _Nerissa_ won 400 guineas, 600 guineas, 250
guineas, and 100 guineas, at Newmarket. _Scanderbeg_ won 800 guineas,
and 200 guineas, at Newmarket. _Hillisberg_ won 200 guineas at
Newmarket. _Hop-planter_ won 90 guineas, 180 guineas, and 50_l._ at
Canterbury. _Hybla_, 175 guineas at Litchfield. _Isaline_, 100 guineas;
and _Brimstone_, 50_l._ both at Newmarket. In 1794, the brother to
_Portia_, then two years old, won 135 guineas, 360 guineas, and the July
Stakes of 490 guineas, at Newmarket. _Cockade_ won 100 guineas, and 100
guineas, at Newmarket. _Jessica_, 200 guineas at Ascot, and 50_l._ at
Newmarket. _Cælia_, the Fortescue Stakes of 90 guineas at Newmarket.
_Stirling_, 100 guineas at Ascot, and the Magna Charta Stakes at Egham.
The merits of _Volunteer_, as a stallion, now became so perceptible,
that ten of his produce, in 1795, were repeatedly brought to the post: a
three year old of Mr. G. Bowes's won 50 guineas, 50 guineas, and 50
guineas, at Newmarket. _Bonny Kate_, two years old, 100 guineas also.
_Miller_, 25 guineas at Epsom, 50_l._ and 20 guineas at Lambourn.
_Hop-planter_, 50_l._ at Newmarket, and the King's 100 guineas at
Guildford. _Stirling_ won 50_l._ and the Jockey Club Plate, at
Newmarket; 75 guineas at Epsom; and the King's Plate at Ipswich. A colt
of Mr. O'Kelly's, 50_l._ at Epsom, and 50_l._ at Northampton. _Spread
Eagle_, 450 guineas, and 500 guineas, at Newmarket; and the Derby Stakes
of 50 guineas each, 45 subscribers, at Epsom.
In 1796, _Miss Whip_, at three years old, won 50_l._ at Ascot; 60
guineas, and 100 guineas, at Canterbury; 200 guineas, 100 guineas, and
100 guineas, at Newmarket. _Pepper-pot_, the same age, won 25 guineas,
and 50 guineas, at Newmarket; 76_l._ 5_s._ 0_d._ at Nottingham; 125
guineas, and 200 guineas, at Litchfield. _Pleader_, 50_l._ at Preston,
50_l._ at York, 50_l._ at Richmond, and the cup at Northallerton.
_Miller_, 50 guineas at Newmarket, 100 guineas, and 25 guineas, at
Ascot, and 50_l._ at Enfield. _Hum_, 100 guineas at Lambourn, and 25
guineas at Wantage. _Spread Eagle_, 450 guineas at York. _Recruit_, 50
guineas, 50 guineas, and 40 guineas, at Newmarket: and _Stirling_, 400
guineas, and 400 guineas, at Newmarket, and the King's 100_l._ at
Burford.
In 1797, a three year old of Lord Sackville's won 50 guineas, 50
guineas, and 50 guineas, at Newmarket, and 40 guineas at Lewes. _Miss
Whip_, 100 guineas at Newmarket, 50_l._ at Ayr, and two 50's at
Dumfries. _Stirling_, 300 guineas, 500 guineas, and 400 guineas; and
_Pepper-pot_, the Claret Stakes of 600 guineas, at Newmarket.
In 1798, _Commodore_ won 50_l._ and 50 guineas, at Newmarket.
_Ironsides_, 50_l._ and 100 guineas, at Haverfordwest. _Magic_, (Lord
Sackville's,) the Petworth Stakes of 170 guineas at Brighton, (beating
_Wrangler_, _Johnny_, _Bennington_, _Montezuma_, and _Play or Pay_;) 120
guineas at Lewes; the King's Plate and 50_l._ at Canterbury. _Split
Pigeon_, 800 guineas; and _Spread Eagle_, the King's 100 guineas; both
at Newmarket.
In 1799, a three year old bay colt of Sir F. Standish's won 85 guineas,
400 guineas, and 1800 guineas, at Newmarket. _Split Pigeon_, 50_l._ at
Winchester, 50_l._ at Blandford, and 50_l._ at Taunton. _Rosalind_,
50_l._ and 100 guineas, at Dumfries. _Magic_, 240 guineas at Litchfield,
and 50_l._ at Leicester. _Jemmy_, 50_l._ at Ascot, and 30 guineas at
Abingdon. _Commodore_ and _Provisional_, each 50 guineas at Newmarket.
In 1800, _Brighton_ won 50_l._ at Lambourn. _Eagle_, 400 guineas at
York. _Rosalind_, 1500 guineas, and 300 guineas, at Ayr. _Triumvir_, 300
guineas, and 250 guineas, at Newmarket: and _Volonté_, the bowl at
Salisbury.
In 1801, the brother to _Recruit_ won 40 guineas at Epsom; 50 guineas,
and 20 guineas, at Newmarket. _Brighton_, 50_l._ at Winchester, 50_l._
at Blandford, and 50_l._ at Reading. _Eagle_, the Craven Stakes of 110
guineas, and 200 guineas, at Newmarket. _Gaoler_, 120 guineas at
Stamford, and 50 guineas at Newmarket: and _Triumvir_, 110 guineas at
Canterbury; 15 guineas, and 25 guineas, at Newmarket.
In 1802, _Brighton_ won 50_l._ and 25 guineas, at Ascot. _Conscript_,
50_l._ at Ayr. _Eagle_, 150 guineas, at Newmarket. _Fusileer_, 50_l._ at
Kingscote; and _Gaoler_, 600 guineas, 100 guineas, 100 guineas, and 42½
guineas, at Newmarket.
_Volunteer_, though now twenty-three years old, is in good health, and
covers at Cannons, near Edgware, in Middlesex, at 10 guineas the mare,
and half a guinea the groom.
VOMITING—is often a favourable relief to the human frame, which
advantage the horse does not posses, in consequence of the peculiar
construction of the gullet. It therefore becomes a matter of serious
consideration, how far it may be proper or prudent to administer to a
horse, medicines whose properties tend to excite a stimulus, and induce
the stomach to a regurgitation by vomit; an operation which it is
impossible can take place. See _Tartar Emetic_.