RESPECTING RIDERS.—Every person who shall ride at Newmarket for PLATE,
SWEEPSTAKES, or MATCH, shall be obliged to _weigh_ when he comes in,
allowing two pounds _above_ the weight, and no more. Every rider who
shall neglect to obey this resolution, is guilty of contempt of the
orders of this Club, and shall be disqualified from RIDING hereafter at
NEWMARKET; unless any gentleman, or his rider, shall declare, before
starting, that the rider is above the weight allowed of by the aforesaid
resolution.
FORFEITS.—The forfeits of all bets shall be paid according to the
proportion in which the principals compromise their matches.
MEMBERS OF THE COFFEE HOUSE.—Any person desirous of being admitted into
the Coffee Room, Newmarket, must be proposed by a Member of the Jockey
Club, and his name put over the chimney and door the day before he is to
be ballotted for; that there must be at least twelve Members present at
the ballot, and three black balls exclude.
HORSES ENTERED FOR TWO OR MORE PRIZES.—The owner of every horse, &c.
entered to run for _two_ or _more_ prizes on the same day, shall, for
the future, be obliged to declare to the Keeper of the Match Book,
before eight o'clock in the evening, preceding the day of running, which
of the said prizes he intends to start his horse for; and the said
Keeper of the Match Book shall immediately declare it in the Coffee Room.
ANNUAL DINNER.—To meet annually at dinner on the day preceding the
King's Birth Day. That three Members of the Club shall be appointed
Stewards, and to commence their office on the fourth of June annually.
One new Steward to be appointed every year, on the third day of June, by
the Steward who quits on that day, subject to the approbation of the
Members of the Jockey Club then present. The senior Steward to quit his
office on the third of June annually.
The THREE STEWARDS, or any two of them, shall be vested with full power
to make such regulations as they think proper, in regard to the Exercise
Ground and the Course. The three Stewards, concurring, shall have it in
their power to appoint such person, or persons, as they may chuse, to
keep the COFFEE HOUSE, MATCH BOOK, receive the STAKES, collect the
entrance money, and all other FUNDS belonging to the JOCKEY CLUB. The
Stewards are to be responsible to the Jockey Club for all the money
collected, as belonging to the Jockey Club. The Stewards shall have it
in their power to fix the hours of starting for each match, &c. but they
shall be obliged to fix those hours of starting by eight o'clock in the
evening preceding the day of running. The accounts are to be produced by
the Stewards annually, on the third of June.
WATCHING TRIALS.—Any gentleman who keeps running horses, having cause to
complain of any FEEDER, RIDER, GROOM, BOY, or other person employed by
him in, or intrusted with, the knowledge of trials, or having discovered
them, directly or indirectly, by betting, or wilfully in any other way,
(unless so allowed to do by his master;) or if any person, as aforesaid,
living with any gentleman, shall be discovered in watching trials
himself, or procuring other persons so to do, or by any unfair means
whatsoever, endeavouring to discover trials; on such complaint being
carried to any one of the Stewards, that Steward is to summon a general
Jockey Club meeting so soon as convenient; which meeting is to appoint a
Committee of three Members, to examine into the accusation; and in case
they shall be of opinion, that the person, or persons, is, or are,
guilty, then the person so found guilty shall be dismissed from the
service of his master, and the said person shall not be employed by any
Member of the Jockey Club in any capacity whatsoever; nor shall any
horse, &c. fed or rode by him, or them, or in the management of which he
or they are concerned, be suffered to start for PLATE, MATCH, or
SUBSCRIPTION. And the names of the persons found guilty of these
offences shall be exposed in the RACING CALENDAR, and inserted in a
paper to be fixed up in the Coffee Room at Newmarket.
STAKING, SHEWING, and ENTERING.—That a copy of all the stakes to be made
for matches, subscriptions, and sweepstakes, and the day and hour of
shewing, or entering, shall be fairly written out, and fixed up, by
order of the Stewards, on the side of the chimney-piece, at each end of
the Coffee Room, on the Sunday evening before each meeting; to continue
there each day of the meeting, as notice for staking, shewing, or
entering; and no other shall be insisted upon.
ENTRY OF STAKES.—A day-book shall be kept by the person appointed by the
Stewards, and continue in the Coffee Room, in which shall be entered an
account of all matches, subscriptions, and sweepstakes, to be run for
each day within that meeting; and as the different stakes are made, the
payments shall be marked to the names of the persons so paying.
STAKES, HOW TO BE MADE.—All stakes shall be made in cash, bank bills,
bank post bills properly indorsed, bankers notes payable to bearer, or
bankers notes payable to order, also properly indorsed, and not
otherwise, without the consent of the party or parties present,
concerned in the MATCH, SUBSCRIPTION, or SWEEPSTAKES, on whose account
such stakes are made.
TIME WHEN.—All stakes for matches, subscriptions, and sweepstakes, shall
be made before starting for the same; and in default thereof by any
person, he shall forfeit in like manner as if he had not produced his
colt, filly, horse, or mare, to start; and shall have no claim to the
stake or stakes of the MATCH, SUBSCRIPTION, or SWEEPSTAKES, should his
colt, filly, horse, or mare, have started, and come first; and this to
remain in full force, as an established agreement of the Jockey Club;
unless such person has previously obtained the consent of the party or
parties present, with whom he is engaged, to dispense with his making
his stake as aforesaid.
FORFEITS WHEN TO BE PAID.—All forfeits unpaid before starting, for any
MATCH, SUBSCRIPTION, or SWEEPSTAKES, shall be paid to the person
appointed by the Stewards to receive the same, at the Coffee Room,
before twelve o'clock at night, of the day such forfeits are determined;
and each person making default therein, shall forfeit and pay to the
person so appointed by the said Stewards, after the rate of five pounds
for every hundred pounds so forfeited; which shall be disposed of by the
said Stewards towards such uses as they shall think fit.
BETS MADE FROM SIGNAL.—And in order to prevent such frauds, notice shall
be given, that if any person make any bet or bets, from signal or
indication, _after_ the race has been determined at the post, such
person is not entitled to receive, or liable to pay, the same; as such
bet or bets are fraudulent, illegal, and totally void; and that if any
servant belonging to a Member of the Society should be found to have
made, or to have been engaged in the making, any such bet or bets, he
shall be dismissed his service, and no farther employed by any Member of
this Society.
FORFEITS AND COMPROMISES TO BE ENTERED.—That all forfeits, or money paid
on compromising any match or sweepstakes, shall BONA FIDE be declared
and entered in the day-book, in order that all BETTORS may be put upon
an equality with the persons who had the match or sweepstakes, and may
thus ascertain in what proportion they are to pay or receive.
AGE OF YOUNG HORSES.—The Stewards shall appoint some proper person to
examine every COLT or FILLY, being of the age of _two_, _three_, or
_four_ years, at the ending post, immediately after running, the _first
time_ any colt or filly shall start for any plate, match, sweepstakes,
or subscription, at Newmarket; and the said appointed person is to sign
a certificate of such examination, and his opinion thereupon, which
certificate is to be hung up before eight o'clock the evening of the
said day of running in the Coffee Room at Newmarket. But for all plates,
matches, subscriptions, or sweepstakes, where the colt or filly is
required to be shewn before running, the examination shall be made at
the time of shewing them; and the certificate of the person appointed,
shall immediately, in like manner, be fixed up in the Coffee Room at
Newmarket.
TIME OF STARTING AND FORFEIT.—The hours of starting shall be fixed up in
the Coffee House by eight o'clock in the evening preceding the day of
running; and it is expected that every groom shall start at the time
appointed; and any groom failing so to do, shall forfeit FIVE GUINEAS
each time to the Jockey Club. It is also expected, that every groom will
attend to the regulations and orders which the Stewards of the Jockey
Club may give relative to the preservation of the Course and Exercise
Ground.
TRIALS.—That no person do borrow or hire any horse, &c. not belonging to
his avowed confederates, to run in a private trial, without entering the
name of such horse, before the trial shall be run, in the book appointed
to be kept for that purpose in the Coffee Room at Newmarket; and no
persons to be deemed confederates, who do not subscribe this article as
such.
DISPUTES.—All disputes relative to racing at Newmarket, shall, for the
future, be determined by the three Stewards, and two referees, to be
chosen by the parties concerned. If there should be only two Stewards
present, they are to fix upon a third person in lieu of the absent
Steward.
WINNER UNDECIDED.—That if for any sweepstakes, or subscription, the
first two horses shall come in so near together, that the judge shall
not be able to decide which won, those two horses shall run for such
prize over again, after the last match on the same day. The other horses
which started for such sweepstakes or subscription shall be deemed
losers, and entitled to their respective places, as if the race had been
finally determined the first time.
SINGLE AND DOUBLE BETS.—That all bets determined by one event shall be
subject (as before agreed) to any compromise made by the principals, and
paid in proportion to such compromise; but that all double bets shall,
for the future, (on account of the frequent disputes which have arisen,)
be considered as PLAY or PAY bets.
WEIGHT, WHEN NOT SPECIFIED.—When any match or sweepstakes shall be made,
and no particular weight specified, the horses, &c. shall carry eight
stone, seven pounds, each. And if any weight is given, the highest
weight is, by this resolution, fixed at eight stone, seven pounds.
HORSES ENGAGED, WHEN TO ENTER.—No horse, that is matched to run on the
day of entrance for any plate, &c. shall be obliged to shew and enter at
the hour appointed, but shall shew and enter within an hour after his
engagements are over, provided such horse, &c. be NAMED at the usual
_time_ of entrance, which is to be between the hours of eleven and one,
for all plates, subscriptions, and sweepstakes, where any entrance is
required, and no other particular time specified.
BETS BETWEEN TWO HORSES VOID.—That all bets depending between any two
horses, either in MATCH or SWEEPSTAKES, are null and void, if those
horses become the property of one and the same person, or his avowed
confederate, subsequent to the bets being made.
CHALLENGE FOR THE CUP.—That the CUP be challenged for on the Monday in
the First Spring Meeting; and the horses named for it declared at six
o'clock on the Saturday evening of the same meeting.
THE WHIP.—That the whip be challenged for on the Monday or Tuesday in
the Second Spring or Second October Meeting; and the acceptance
signified, or the whip resigned, before the end of the same Meeting. If
challenged for, and accepted, in the Spring, to be run for on the
Thursday in the Second October Meeting following; and if in the October,
on the Thursday in the Second Spring Meeting. Beacon Course; weight, TEN
STONE; and to stake 200 guineas each.
FIVE PER CENT. SAVED IN FORFEITS.—The proprietor of any horse, &c.
engaged in MATCH or SWEEPSTAKES, who shall declare his intention of not
starting before eight o'clock on the evening preceding the engagement,
to the Keeper of the Match Book, or either of the Stewards, shall be
entitled to five per cent. and no more, of the forfeit.
NOT STAKING, A DISQUALIFICATION IN FUTURE.—No person shall be allowed to
start any horse, mare, or gelding, for MATCH, SWEEPSTAKES, or
SUBSCRIPTION, unless he shall have paid all former stakes and forfeits
to the Keeper of the Match Book by eight o'clock the evening before
starting.
TRIAL GROUND.—That the ground shall not be engaged for trials, by the
proprietors of any stables of running horses, more than two days in the
same week.
CROSSING AND JOSTLING.—That when any match is made, in which crossing
and jostling are not mentioned, they shall be understood to be barred.
COURSES.—That when any match or sweepstakes is made, in which no course
is mentioned, it shall be understood to be the course usually run by
horses of the same age as those engaged, viz. if yearlings, the Yearling
Course; if two years old, the Two Years Old Course; if three years old,
Rowley's Mile; if four years old, Ditchin; if five years old, or
upwards, Beacon Course. And in case the horses matched should be of
different ages, the course to be settled by the age of the youngest.
FORFEITS.—That all forfeits, declared or incurred for any MATCH,
SWEEPSTAKES, or SUBSCRIPTION, shall be paid to the Keeper of the Match
Book before twelve o'clock on the evening the race is run, under the
former penalty of five per cent. to the Jockey Club; and persons making
default herein, shall not be allowed the deduction for the timely
declaration of such profits.
ENTERING AND SHEWING.—Horses, &c. entered for plates or subscriptions,
shall not be required to be shewn, if such horse, &c. has before started
at Newmarket; and the owner of each horse entered for a plate or
subscription, shall declare to the Stewards, or the Keeper of the Match
Book, the evening before by eight o'clock, or when the list is read, at
half past nine o'clock, whether his horse is intended to RUN or NOT,
which declaration shall be deemed obligatory, if in the AFFIRMATIVE,
unless the horse be taken ill, or matched; and if in the NEGATIVE, his
name shall be erased from the list.
TEN PER CENT. SAVED IN FORFEITS.—That the owners of horses, &c. engaged
in MATCHES or SWEEPSTAKES, in which the forfeits shall amount to ONE
HUNDRED GUINEAS, or upwards, shall be entitled to a deduction of TEN PER
CENT. if they declare their forfeits by half an hour past nine o'clock
the evening before running.
TRIALS.—No gentleman shall try the horse of any other person, except his
declared confederate, without giving notice of such trial, by inscribing
the name of such horse, or horses, or their pedigrees, with the names of
their owners, before or immediately after such trials, in the Book at
the Coffee House.
Under a set of RULES and REGULATIONS so judiciously formed, so
unanimously adopted, and so willingly acquiesced in, it is natural to
conceive, every thing has been introduced, and every measure adopted,
that could be thought equitable and necessary, towards shielding the
property of opulent and eminent individuals from the depredations of
those rapacious sharks, and determined adventurers, (as well in HIGH as
in _low_ life,) with which every avenue to the TURF has been infested
for near a century past; and which nothing can totally prevent, but
drawing such heterogeneous line, as will infallibly exclude those
_nefarious_, well known _pests_ from the superior, liberal, and
unsuspecting classes of society, who do honor to their country.
JOCKEYSHIP—is a term sometimes used in a metaphorical sense, alluding to
the dealings of individuals, where one, by a superior degree of
knowledge, cunning, artifice, or chicanery, obtains in _a bargain_
considerable advantage over the other. Its principal signification,
however, in its literal meaning, and frequent use, applies more
particularly to the peculiar excellence, or personal ability, of
JOCKIES, (alias riders,) whose sole avocation it is to train and ride
horses for the different PLATES and PRIZES at NEWMARKET, and various
other parts of the kingdom. This has always been held a systematic
employment of GREAT TRUST, (but _very little_ responsibility,) requiring
considerable bodily strength, much personal fortitude, and cool
intrepidity, constitutional taciturnity, and a kind of habitual
insensibility in respect to passion, which should be studiously reduced
to a degree of professional apathy, never to be roused into action by
the occasional irritations of a designing opponent. The great and
leading qualifications which constitute the predominant traits of
distinguished JOCKEYSHIP, are to acquire a complete knowledge of the
prevalent points, _speed_, _temper_, _mouth_, and _perfections_ or
_defects_, of the horse before starting; to ascertain, as well as it can
be accomplished, a tolerable idea, whether it will be most in his favor
to insure the WHIP-HAND, or decline it; to take the lead, or leave it,
and wait upon his adversary; whether _to make play_, depending upon
BLOOD and BOTTOM, or to lay by, and rely upon _speed_: all these, and a
variety of other contingencies dependent upon judgment, as well as a
still longer list, which must ever be equally dependent upon the sole
effect of CHANCE, (beyond the utmost extent of human efforts to
counteract,) seem combined to render jockeyship a very arduous task, and
equally precarious means of acquiring universal approbation and
celebrity. For as it may be considered an impracticability to become
always a WINNER, so, from the occasional discontent and disappointments
of dissatisfied employers, a RIDER must frequently have reason to
exclaim, (though silently,) "Vain his attempt who strives to please ye
all."
JOHN BULL,—the name of a horse of much celebrity both as a RACER and a
STALLION; having been deemed, by the best judges, a horse of the
greatest strength, and the most beautiful and corresponding symmetry,
ever produced in this kingdom. He was bred by the late LORD GROSVENOR;
foaled in 1789; got by FORTITUDE, dam (Xantippe) by Eclipse; her dam
(Grecian Princess) by Williams's FORESTER, &c. &c. Monday, in the Craven
Newmarket Meeting, 1792, when three years old, he won the great produce
stakes of 200 guineas each, half forfeit, across the flat, 35
subscribers; beating _Ormond_, _Hotspur_, _Whisky_, _St. Paul_,
_Lucifer_, and three others. At Epsom, in May the same year, he won the
DERBY STAKES of 50 guineas each, 32 subscribers; beating _Speculator_,
_Bustard_, _Lyricus_, _St. George_, _Whisky_, and the Duke of
Queensbury's colt by Pharasmond. Soon after which, sustaining an injury,
he paid 300 guineas forfeit to LORD FOLEY'S _Vermin_, and became a
stallion, 1796, at 20 guineas a mare; covering the first year only a
limited number (ten) except those of his owner. He is the sire of
_Admiral Nelson_, _Lady Bull_, _Alfred_, _Florist_, _Fortitude_,
_Georgina_, _Muly Molech_, _Gazer_, and _Lady Katherine_; and being now
at the very zenith of prosperity, promises a progeny of as much
celebrity as the best and most esteemed of his cotemporaries.
JOHNNY—was the first horse of his year, and then esteemed the best in
England. He was bred by LORD CLERMONT, and foaled in 1769; was got by
_Matchem_, dam by Babraham, grand-dam by Partner, great grand-dam by
Bloody Buttocks, great, great grand-dam by Greyhound, out of Brocklesby
Betty.
JOHNNY,—a horse of more recent date, and of a different blood, was the
property of MR. DURAND, and proved a country plate horse of some
celebrity. He was got by _King Fergus_, dam by _Justice_, and was foaled
in 1794. At three years old he won a fifty pound plate at Alfriston, and
two fifties at Egham. The year following he won 50l. at Ascot, beating
_Ploughator_ and _Dispute_. 50l. at Lewes, beating _Greyhound_ and
_Outcast_. 50l. at Canterbury, beating _Doubtful_, _Ploughator_,
_Quietus_, and _Ratafia_. 50l. at Egham, beating _Will_, _King John_,
_Greyhound_, _Lord Egremont's Bugle_, and three others. 50l. at
Newmarket, beating _Parisot_, _Sober Robin_, _Centinel_, and _High
Eagle_. In 1799 he won a Handicap Plate at Newmarket, beating _Wrangler_
and _Outcast_. 50l. at Epsom. 50l. at Winchester. The Petworth Stakes
(10 guineas each, seventeen subscribers) at Brighton; beating _Bobtail_,
_Lounger_, _Heart of Oak_, _Opposition_, _Speculator_, and _Wrangler_.
The Ladies Plate of 60 guineas at Lewes, beating _Wrangler_, _Gohanna_,
_Sparrowhawk_, _Magic_, and Sir F. Poole's _Brother to Waxy_; and 50l.
at Canterbury, beating Mr. Crosoer's _Dairy Maid_. In the following
year, 1800, he started but once, which was at _Epsom_. It is supposed he
sustained some injury, as he was then withdrawn from the turf.
JOINTS.—The joints of horses are subject to rheumatic pains and
affections, in some proportional degree with those of the human species,
and require professional judgment to discriminate between what are
really so, and what may proceed from other causes. Strict attention, and
accurate observation, have clearly ascertained and established the fact,
that horses are frequently attacked with, and labour under, a CHRONIC
RHEUMATISM, which is as frequently treated like, and mistaken for, a
confirmed _lameness_, erroneously supposed to have originated in a very
different cause. The joints, notwithstanding the peculiar strength of
their formation, are also liable to, and susceptible of, very serious,
alarming and permanent injuries, by short turns, and sudden twists, out
of as well as within the stable; and it is readily to be believed, more
of these are occasioned by carelessness, inadvertency, and the most
shameful inattention of servants, than from any accidental causes
whatever.
JOURNEY.—Journeys are, from various motives, very differently
undertaken, and by different degrees of people, according to their
various situations, or peculiar avocations, as actuated by the state of
their private concerns; whether influenced by a love of pleasure, the
pursuit of novelty, prompted by business, or urged by necessity. Amidst
which infinity of travellers, there are thousands, particularly in the
metropolis, who know nothing of the management of the very valuable and
useful companion, upon whose health and safety the pleasure and success
of the journey must principally depend. Horses, in general, are so
cruelly treated, and so inconsiderately neglected by those who are
entire strangers to the attentions they require, and the comforts they
stand in need of, that a few general hints cannot be considered
inapplicable; at least to such as wish to improve their judgment, and
acquire knowledge, from practical experience.
The prudent traveller will never commence a journey of length, without
every necessary precaution that can be adopted for general safety during
the whole; he will insure to a certainty, by personal examination, the
shape, make, fixing, and firmness of his horse's shoes, as the most
indispensible prelude to the success of his progress, it being one great
step to the prevention of trouble and disquietude. He will observe that
every part of his apparatus is sufficiently strong and durable for the
purpose, that he may not be likely to encounter the mortification of
_repairs_ upon the road; as well as that his BRIDLE is properly adapted
to the MOUTH, and the SADDLE to the BACK of the horse. A sore back, or
lacerated lips, are sad concomitants in a tedious or a dreary journey.
He will also remember at setting off, that the animal he bestrides is
formed of materials by no means dissimilar to his own; that he is
composed of fibres, nerves, tendons, muscles, flesh, blood and bone;
that these are all perishable commodities, liable to accident, sickness,
and dissolution; that he has also his passions, his sensations, his
appetites, his wants, his pains, and his pleasures. Not possessed of the
pleasing powers of communication by speech, it is a duty incumbent upon
the rider, not only to speak for, but to take care of (in the strictest
meaning of the words) an object so little capable of taking care of
itself.
Having all these things in humane recollection, he will advert to the
state of the roads, and the season of the year: the mode of treatment,
and manner of travelling proper in one, might be improper in the other.
Observation should be made upon the constitutional stamen, and innate
properties, of the horse, in respect to power and action, that his paces
and progress should be regulated in proportion. One may with ease travel
EIGHTEEN or TWENTY miles at a stage, with strength and vigour less
diminished, than another may _twelve_; and this it is the more necessary
to know and observe, because a horse overworked, or overfatigued, in the
_early_ part, very frequently never recovers himself during the whole of
a journey. It is a judicious maxim, and should be rigidly adhered to,
never to ride or drive horses at an immoderate or unreasonable pace at
first setting off in a morning; the carcase being full, brisk action
occasions much uneasiness, if not pain; and a horse never goes with
comfort to himself till relieved by frequent evacuation. Those who are
properly attentive to their own interest in the preservation of their
horse, will regulate their pace (as well as the length of their stage)
by the HEAT of the WEATHER in SUMMER, or the DEPTH of the ROAD in the
WINTER, each having equal and distinct effects upon the strength, and
exertion of power, in the horse, as the other.
Much of management at inns depends upon the state a horse is in upon his
arrival; none, but fools or madmen, bring them to the termination of a
stage in a stream of perspiration; if so, proper attention and treatment
cannot be expected, where there are so many to be served beside
themselves. Leading a horse about to _cool_ in the WINTER, washing the
dirt off by plunging him into a pond, or washing his legs in a
stable-yard, are equally destructive, and produce a combination of ills,
in colds, bad eyes, swelled legs, cracked heels, and other
inconveniences, productive of repentance, when repentance comes too
late. Whether the date of perspiration he is in be _much_ or _little_,
the mode of treatment should be proportionally the same. After being
permitted to _stale_, the head and fore quarters should first undergo
the ceremony of brisk wisping, or rough dressing, with good clean sweet
straw; then turning his head to the rack, (where some sweet hay has been
previously deposited,) the hind-quarters and legs experience the same
operation; at which time, and not before, the saddle should be taken
off, and the general dressing of the carcase and legs should be
completed, admitting or excluding external air, according to the season
of the year, by which all conditional circumstances must be regulated of
course. The examination of the SHOES, the state of the FEET, WARBLES,
bowel galls, or injuries by unequal pressure from, or friction of, the
saddle, are contingencies too necessary, and too sublime, for the head
of an ostler; he leaves possibilities of that kind to be discovered by
those whom it more materially concerns; and the principal must therefore
look to it HIMSELF, if he expects to be unequivocally satisfied upon
those points. FEEDING and WATERING depend also upon time, circumstances,
and the season; it being the duty of the owner to know whether the horse
will eat his corn if _he has it_; for it is not in the indispensible
department of the OSTLER to give a horse an ill name, by proclaiming him
_a bad feeder_. Under which combination of contingencies, dependent upon
travelling, it is no bad plan to SEE the horse have his CORN, as well as
to KNOW whether he EATS it; for no man can travel with so much judgment
and satisfaction, as he who knows the internal support his horse has to
work upon.
Horses jaded, and completely fatigued, with long and dirty journies, in
dull, dreary, and sometimes tempestuous, weather, are so entirely
debilitated, that they prefer REST to FOOD, and can hardly be kept upon
their legs, to go through the necessary comforts of _dressing_ and
_cleaning_ as an unavoidable prelude to the more substantial relief of
the night. In such state they require a little extra attention; an
invigorating CORDIAL BALL, so soon as it can possibly be obtained; a
mash of ground malt, and bran equal parts; in want of the malt, a mash
of bran and oats, made of boiling water, and six ounces, or half a
pound, of honey, may be introduced as a substantial substitute. The
water should not be from the pump, but soft, as from a rainy reservoir,
or the river, with the chill taken off: if in the winter, the clothing
should be warm; the bed plentiful, high, clean, and dry; as well as all
such crevices closely stopped as admit currents of air; by which
precaution, not only temporary ills, but dangerous diseases, are
frequently prevented.
ITCHING.—Horses are sometimes observed to labor under a severe itching,
or internal irritation, which keeps them in a kind of perpetual
disquietude; biting such parts as they can get at with the mouth, and
rubbing those more remote against such parts of the stall as are most
convenient, by which the hair is frequently rubbed off, and the skin
excoriated. In cases of this description, the blood does not possess a
proper or just equalization of the component parts indispensibly
necessary to the standard of health. It mostly arises from a deficiency
of crassamentum, or adhesive property of the blood, by which it becomes
more or less impoverished, and abounds with a redundancy of SERUM; this,
for want of its natural corrector, acquires ACRIMONY, and soon begins to
display its mischievous power and tendency to cutaneous morbidity in the
way described. Permitted to continue and increase, without salutary
counteraction, it extends its progress from a simple itching, in the
first instance, to scurfy eruptions, scaly exfoliations, or partial loss
of hair; bearing the external appearance of surfeit, degenerating, by
degrees, to inveterate MANGE, or confirmed FARCY. To prevent which, the
system should be improved, and the circulation enlivened, by an
invigoration of the frame: the property of the blood should be enriched
by an ADDITION to the QUANTITY, and an ALTERATION in the QUALITY of the
food. A great deal of substantial dressing should be adopted in the
stable, and regular gentle exercise out; as a collateral aid to which, a
course of ANTIMONIAL ALTERATIVE POWDERS should be brought into use, till
every symptom of disquietude has disappeared.
JUGGED—is a professional or technical term with the horse-dealing and
stabularian fraternity; and implies a horse's having tumefactions,
indurated or inflammatory, under the jaws. But when used in a more
serious and emphatic sense among themselves, it is to convey an idea,
that the horse said to be _jugged_, is infected with the GLANDERS.
JUSTICE—was a horse of considerable note both as a RUNNER and a
STALLION: he was bred by the late LORD GROSVENOR; was foaled in 1774;
got by _Herod_, out of _Curiosity_, (who was got by _Snap_,) her dam by
_Regulus_, and grand-dam by Bartlet's _Childers_. Without obtaining any
distinguished celebrity, he for many years maintained his ground as a
stallion above mediocrity, and produced some tolerable racers: amongst
the best of which were _Æacus_, _Mentor_, _Minos_, _Rhadamanthus_,
_Dedalus_, and _Midnight_.