+----------------------------+---+---+---+---+---+_Stone Art Thirteenth Annual Report of the Bureau of American Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1891-1892, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1896, pages 47-178.

| District. | A | B | C | D | E |

+----------------------------+---+---+---+---+---+

|Northwestern North Carolina | 3 | 7 | 2 | | |

|Eastern Tennessee | | 3 | | | |

|Western Tennessee | | | | 1 | |

|Southeastern Arkansas | | 2 | | | |

|Union county, Mississippi | 1 | | | | |

|Madison county, Illinois | | | 1 | | |

|Savannah, Georgia | 2 | | | | 1 |

+----------------------------+---+---+---+---+---+

KEY:

A = Sienite.

B = Argillite.

C = Granite.

D = Rotten limestone.

E = Sandstone.

[Illustration: FIG. 49.--Celt, showing long, slender form.]

_B._ Long, narrow, elliptical section, pointed top, curved or straight

edges, sides straight or gently curved. None of these seem to have

been put to any rough use, as the edges are quite sharp and the entire

surface is well polished; length from 4¼ to 12½ inches. The type is

illustrated by figure 49, of argillite, from a mound in Monroe county,

Tennessee.

+------------------------------+---+---+---+---+---+

| District. | A | B | C | D | E |

+------------------------------+---+---+---+---+---+

|Eastern Tennessee | 8 | 3 | | | |

|Northwestern Georgia | | 1 | | | |

|Savannah, Georgia | | | 6 | 1 | 3 |

|Kanawha valley, West Virginia | | | | | 1 |

|Northeastern Alabama | | | | | 1 |

|Western North Carolina | 1 | | | | |

+------------------------------+---+---+---+---+---+

KEY:

A = Argillite.

B = Granite.

C = Sandstone.

D = Quartzite.

E = Sienite.

_C._ Thick, almost round section, round-pointed top, nearly straight

to sharp-curved edge, sides gently curved, widest at edge or just

above. Most of these show marks of use as cutting tools or hatchets.

In many the top has been roughened as if for insertion into a hole

cut in a piece of wood; others have this roughening around the middle

or immediately above, leaving a polish at both ends, and these were

hafted probably by means of a stick or withe twisted around them. The

roughening is a secondary operation, having no relation to the making

of the implement; it was produced by pecking after the surface was

polished. In a few cases it extends from the top well down the sides;

but usually it reaches but a little way below the top, or else is in

a circle around the body of the celt. Most of them have sharp edges;

a few have edges either chipped or blunted and polished, showing long

usage. Two from Kanawha valley (one roughened for handle) have the

edges worn in on one of the faces until they almost resemble gouges;

but that they were not intended as such is shown by the concavity being

nearer one side and not reaching entirely across. The length ranges

from 4½ to 10 inches. The type is illustrated by figures 50 and 51,

both of sienite, from Lauderdale county, Tennessee.

[Illustration: FIG. 50.--Celt, nearly round section.]

[Illustration: FIG. 51.--Celt, nearly round section.]

This may be regarded as the typical form of celt for eastern United

States, and its geographic distribution is exceptionally wide, as shown

in the table.

The Bureau collection includes the following specimens of this class:

---------------------------------+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+

District. | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H |

---------------------------------+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+

Western North Carolina | 4 | 2 | 9 |16 | | | | |

Montgomery county, North Carolina| 1 | | | | | | | |

Coosa district, Alabama | | 1 | | | | | | |

Ross county, Ohio | | | 1 | | | | | |

Knox county, Ohio | | | | | | 1 | | |

Miami valley, Ohio | | 1 | 2 | | | | | |

Eastern Tennessee | | 5 | | 1 | | | | |

Green river, Kentucky | | | 1 | | | | | |

Northeastern Kentucky | | | | | 1 | | 2 | |

Kanawha valley, West Virginia | | 4 | 4 | | | | 3 | 1 |

Crawford county, Wisconsin | | | 1 | | | | | |

Southwestern Illinois | | | 2 | | | | | 1 |

Savannah, Georgia | | 3 | 2 | | | 2 | | |

Western Tennessee | | 2 | | | | | | |

---------------------------------+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+

KEY:

A = Porphyry.

B = Sienite.

C = Granite.

D = Argillite.

E = Greenstone.

F = Sandstone.

G = Diorite.

H = Compact quartzite.

_D._ Of the form last described, except in being much thinner; some

have the tops battered, showing use as wedges; length from 3 to 9

inches.

------------------------------+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+

District. | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J |

------------------------------+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+

Eastern Tennessee |11 | 3 | 2 | | | 1 | 1 | | 1 | |

Kanawha valley, West Virginia | | | 2 | 5 | 2 | 6 | | | | |

Northwestern Georgia | | | 3 | | | | | 1 | | |

Savannah, Georgia | | | | | 2 | | | | | |

Green river, Kentucky | | | | | | 1 | | | | |

Northeastern Kentucky | | | | | | 2 | | | | |

Southeastern Arkansas | | | | | | | | 1 | | |

Central Arkansas | | | | | | | | | | 1 |

Northeastern Arkansas | | | | | 1 | | | | | 1 |

Butler county, Ohio | | | | 2 | | | | | | |

Northwestern North Carolina | 8 | 2 | 1 | | | 4 | | | | |

------------------------------+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+

KEY:

A = Argillite.

B = Porphyry.

C = Sienite.

D = Diorite.

E = Sandstone.

F = Granite.

G = Hornblende.

H = Greenstone.

I = Serpentine.

J = Compact quartzite.

[Illustration: FIG. 52.--Celt, showing nearly diamond section.]

_E._ Pointed oval, or nearly diamond section, sides straight or

slightly curved; length 6 to 12½ inches. Few as these are, they vary

considerably in appearance. The group is illustrated by figure 52,

showing a specimen of brown flint, containing numerous small deposits

of chalcedony, from Benton county, Tennessee; polished over the entire

surface, the edge highly so.

In addition, there are the following examples: From Caldwell county,

North Carolina, one of porphyry and one of granite, the latter

roughened on sides for handle; from McMinn county, Tennessee, one of

gray flint, highly polished over its surface, except the top, which is

much battered; from Cocke county, Tennessee, one of argillite.

_F._ Elliptical section, flattened or rounded top, edge curved or

nearly straight, sides straight or gently curved, tapering from edge to

top or in a few cases nearly parallel. These present many variations

in finish and in evidence of use. Some are well polished over the

entire surface; some have only the lower part polished; while some are

entirely without polish except at the extreme edge. In some the top

is battered; some have the surface roughened for handle at the top,

others around the middle, still others all over the upper half or even

more than half. One from McMinn county, Tennessee, has a roughly pecked

shallow groove at the middle. Several have the edge very blunt, the

faces at the edge form almost a right angle; these are thickest very

near the edge and become gradually thinner toward the top. Most of this

kind are from Caldwell county, North Carolina; the same form coming also

from Monroe county, Tennessee, and from Savannah, Georgia. The length

is from 3 to 7½ inches. Figure 53, of compact quartzite, from Monroe

county, Tennessee; figure 54, of granite; and figure 55, of sienite,

from Caldwell county, North Carolina.

[Illustration: FIG. 53.--Celt.]

[Illustration: FIG. 54.--Celt.]

[Illustration: FIG. 55.--Celt.]

------------------------+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+

District. | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L |

------------------------+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+

Eastern Tennessee | | 4 | 4 |20 | 7 | | 4 | 1 | 1 | | | |

Western North Carolina | 1 | | 4 |22 | 4 | 3 | 5 | | | | | |

Montgomery county, N. C.| | | | | | | | 1 | | | | |

Coosa district, Alabama | | | | | | | | 2 | | | | |

Southwestern Illinois | | | 1 | | | | 7 | | | | | |

Kanawha valley, W. Va. | | | | 3 | 7 | | 5 | |10 | | 1 | 1 |

Keokuk, Iowa | | | | | | | 1 | | | | | |

Southwestern Wisconsin | | | | | | 1 | 1 | | | | | |

Miami valley, Ohio | | | | | | 2 | 3 | | | | | |

Northeastern Arkansas | 1 | | | 1 | | | 2 | | | 2 | | |

Southeastern Arkansas | | | | | | | | | | | 1 | |

Northwestern Georgia | | | | 1 | 2 | | | | | | | |

Savannah, Georgia | | 2 | | | 2 | | 1 | | | | 7 | |

Mississippi | | | | | 5 | | 2 | | | | | |

------------------------+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+

KEY:

A = Hornblende.

B = Serpentine.

C = Compact quartzite.

D = Argillite.

E = Sienite.

F = Porphyry.

G = Granite.

H = Micaceous sandstone.

I = Diorite.

J = Greenstone.

K = Sandstone.

L = Flint.

_G._ Of the same general pattern as the last, except that the sides

widen just before reaching the edge, giving a “bell shape” (figure

56). The length is from 6¼ to 8 inches. In this group there are two

specimens of granite, two of porphyry, and one of sienite, all from

Yazoo county, Mississippi. Two have their tops roughened.

[Illustration: FIG. 56.--Celt, showing “bell shape” and roughening for

handle.]

[Illustration: FIG. 57.--Celt, showing rectangular section.]

_H._ Rectangular section, occasionally with the corners sufficiently

rounded to give a somewhat elliptical section; top flattened or

rounded; sides straight and parallel or nearly so, sometimes very

slightly curved. Most have polished surfaces; only three or four show

any battering, or roughening for handle. A large one of hornblende from

Lauderdale county, Tennessee, has the edge dulled and polished by use.

Length is from 2 to 9 inches. Figure 57, of argillite, from a mound in

Monroe county, Tennessee. The distribution of this class of celts is

wide, as shown by the following table:

+----------------------------+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+

| District. | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J |

+----------------------------+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+

|Eastern Tennessee | 10| 10| 2| 1| | | | | 1| |

|Western Tennessee | | | | | | | 1| | | |

|Northeastern Kentucky | | | 1| 1| 1| | 1| 1| | |

|Green River, Kentucky | | | | | 1| | | | | |

|Southwestern Illinois | | | | 2| 1| | | | | |

|Miami valley, Ohio | | | | 2| 2| 1| 1| | | |

|Kanawha valley, W. V. | 1| | | 8| 4| 4| 1| | | |

|Northwestern Georgia | | | | | | | | | | 1|

|Savannah, Georgia | | | | | | | | | 1| |

|Central Arkansas | | | | | | | | | 1| |

|Northwestern North Carolina | | | | | | | | | | 1|

+----------------------------+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+

KEY:

A = Sandstone.

B = Argillite.

C = Porphyry.

D = Granite.

E = Sienite.

F = Diorite.

G = Hornblende.

H = Limestone.

I = Jasper.

J = Serpentine.

_I._ Thickest at top (wedge form), section elliptical or nearly

rectangular; sides straight or curved, widest at edge or nearly

parallel. A few are roughened for handling, and one or two are battered

at top by hammering; most are small. The type is shown in figure 58,

of granite, from Carroll county, Indiana. This class of celts also is

widely distributed and diverse in material.

+------------------------------+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+

| District. | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J |

+------------------------------+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+

|Eastern Tennessee | | 3| 4| | 1| | | | | |

|Northeastern Arkansas | 1| | | | | 1| | | | |

|Southeastern Arkansas | | 1| | 1| | | | | | |

|Butler county, Ohio | | | | 1| | | | | | |

|Green river, Kentucky | | | 1| | | | | | | |

|Northeastern Kentucky | | 3| | | | | | 1| 1| |

|Crawford county, Wis. | | | | | | | | | 1| |

|Southwestern Illinois | | 3| 1| | | | | | | |

|Savannah, Georgia | | | | | | | 2| | | |

|Kanawha valley, West Virginia | 1| 7| 5| | | 1| | 5| 2| |

+------------------------------+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+

KEY:

A = Hornblende.

B = Granite.

C = Sienite.

D = Comp. quartzite.

E = Argillite.

F = Greenstone.

G = Sandstone.

H = Diorite.

I = Porphyry.

J = Basalt.

[Illustration: FIG. 58.--Celt, showing wedge-shape.]

[Illustration: FIG. 59.--Celt, showing half-elliptical section.]

_J._ Flat on one side, convex on the other, giving a semi-elliptical

section; sides nearly parallel; top flat or rounded. These were

evidently intended for scrapers; none are at all chipped or battered

from use, and with very few exceptions the whole surface is highly

polished. The flint and jasper specimens, which have been first chipped

into shape, have the facets and edge as smooth as though finished on

an emery wheel. Similar forms, except with flat instead of convex

upper surfaces, are known to have been used as adzes, but these have no

marks of such use. The length ranges from 2 to 8 inches, but most are

small. The type is shown in figure 59, of brown flint, from a grave in

Alexander county, Illinois.

+-----------------------------+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+

| District. | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H |

+-----------------------------+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+

|Eastern Tennessee | | 4 | 1 | 1 | | | | |

|Central Arkansas | | | | 1 | | | | |

|Northeastern Arkansas | | | | | 4 | 1 | | |

|Southeastern Arkansas | | | | | | | 1 | |

|Southwestern Illinois | 1 | | | | | | | |

|Butler county, Ohio | | | | 1 | | | | |

|Northeastern Kentucky | 2 | | | | | | | |

|Tuscaloosa district, Alabama | | | | 1 | | | | |

|Northwestern North Carolina | 1 | 2| | | | | | 1 |

+-----------------------------+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+

KEY:

A = Graphite.

B = Argillite.

C = Porphyry.

D = Compt. quartzite.

E = Yellow jasper.

F = Gray jasper.

G = Novaculite.

H = Sienite.

_K._ Similar to last, except that the sides come to a point at the top;

length, 3½ to 9 inches. Very few of either pattern are above 5 inches

long, the larger ones being mostly of flint (figure 60, of sienite,

from Warren county, Ohio).

+-----------------------------+---+---+---+---+---+---+

| District. | A | B | C | D | E | F |

+-----------------------------+---+---+---+---+---+---+

|Northeastern Arkansas | 2 | | | | | |

|Western Tennessee | | 1 | | | | |

|Eastern Tennessee | 1 | | | 2 | 5 | |

|Kanawha valley, West Virginia| | | 1 | | | |

|Southwestern Illinois | | | | 2 | | 1 |

|Warren county, Ohio | | 2 | | | | |

+-----------------------------+---+---+---+---+---+---+

KEY:

A = Yellow jasper.

B = Sienite.

C = Diorite.

D = Gray jasper.

E = Argillite.

F = Compt. quartzite.

_L._ Sides concave, top narrow. Nearly every specimen has the upper

portion pecked rough; one from Bradley county, Tennessee, and another

from Mississippi county, Arkansas, are entirely polished. The latter

has the scraper-form edge to be described later and is of exceptionally

large size; it measures 5½ inches, being the only one exceeding 5

inches in length.

_M._ Top flat, round, or pointed; the blade usually begins a little

below the middle, and is perfectly smooth in every case; in some the

blade is not over an inch in length, probably reduced by continual

sharpening. They may have been scrapers, though they do not have that

form; if used as weapons they were probably set into the end of a

piece of antler, which, in turn, was set in a club. The type is shown

in figure 61, of argillite, from Monroe county, Tennessee.

+------------------------------+---+---+---+---+---+

| District. | A | B | C | D | E |

+------------------------------+---+---+---+---+---+

|Eastern Tennessee | 7| 1| 2| | |

|Kanawha valley, West Virginia | | 1| 1| | |

|Northeastern Arkansas | | 1| | 1| |

|Southeastern Arkansas | | | | | 1|

|Southwestern Illinois | 1| | 2| | |

+------------------------------+---+---+---+---+---+

KEY:

A = Argillite.

B = Sienite.

C = Granite.

D = Quartzite.

E = Hornblende.KEY

[Illustration: FIG. 60.--Celt showing half-elliptical section.]

[Illustration: FIG. 61.--Celt, showing concave sides.]

_N._ Ground down thin, with a flat-elliptical or nearly rectangular

section; sides straight or slightly curved, nearly parallel or tapering

considerably to the top, which is either rounded or flattened. All

are polished over the entire surface; none show any marks of use as

wedges or hatchets, and most of them are too delicate for such use. The

longer ones can be readily grasped in the hand, and are as well adapted

to stripping off the hide of an animal, dividing the skeleton at the

joints, or stripping the flesh from the bones, as anything made of

stone can be; while the smaller ones, set in a handle to afford a grip,

would answer the same purpose. There are three which are sharp at both

ends, one having one symmetrical and one scraper-form edge; one having

a scraper-form edge at each end on opposite sides; and one of rather

soft argillite, unfinished, which has marks of pecking, chipping, and

grinding, showing that any of these methods were practiced, as was

most convenient. All these are from eastern Tennessee. The features

are illustrated in figures 62, of argillite, from a mound, Caldwell

county, North Carolina; 63, of black flinty slate, very hard, from a

mound, Poinsett county, Arkansas; and 64, of argillite, from a mound,

Monroe county, Tennessee.

+---------------------+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+

| District. | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M |

+---------------------+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+

| North Carolina | | 2 | 2 | 1 | | | | | | | | | |

| North Carolina | | 1 | | | | | | | | | | | |

|Eastern Tennessee | 1 |53 | | | 5 | | 1 | | 4 | | 7 | 2 | |

|Western Tennessee | | 1 | | | | | | | | | | | |

|Northwestern Georgia | | | | | 1 | | | | | | 1 | | |

|Savannah, Georgia | | 2 | 1 | | 1 | | | | | | 1 | | |

| Mississippi | | | | | | | | | 1 | | | | |

|Butler county, Ohio | | | | | | | | | | | | 1 | |

|Northeastern Arkansas| | | 1 | | | | | | 1 | | | 1 | 1 |

|Southeastern Arkansas| | | | 1 | | | | | | | | | |

| West Virginia | | | 2 | | | 6 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | | | |

|Northeastern Kentucky| | | 1 | | | | 1 | 1 | | | | | |

|Green river, Kentucky| | | 1 | | | | | | | | | | |

| Alabama | | 1 | | 1 | 1 | | | | | | | | |

+---------------------+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+

KEY:

A = Marble.

B = Argillite.

C = Sienite.

D = Quartzite.

E = Serpentine.

F = Diorite.

G = Porphyry.

H = Granite.

I = Sandstone.

J = Hornblende.

K = Compact quartzite.

L = Slate.

M = Chert.

[Illustration: FIG. 62.--Thin polished celt.]

[Illustration: FIG. 63.--Thin polished celt.]

[Illustration: FIG. 64.--Thin polished celt.]

GOUGES.

While there are perhaps no true gouges in the collection, there are

some examples of a form between a celt and a gouge, illustrated in

figure 65, of serpentine, from Caldwell county, North Carolina.

Implements of this form are known to have been used to tap sugar

maples, and also to hollow out wooden troughs, and are very common

in the north, though less abundant in the south.[20] It is in those

localities in which bark instead of logs was used for canoes that

they are most numerous. Sometimes they were hollowed the whole length

and used as spiles.[21] They were also employed instead of celts in

hollowing wooden mortars and the like when a more regular concavity was

desired.[22]

CHISELS AND SCRAPERS.

The aboriginal implements known as “chisels” are round, elliptical, or

rectangular in section. The flint and jasper specimens are generally

widest at the edge, the reverse being usually the case with those

of other material. Most of them have marks of hammers at the blunt

end, though some are polished at the top and a few, from eastern

Tennessee, are sharp at both ends. The top (except in the double-edged

ones) is usually flat, though a few are pointed or very thin, almost

with cutting edges. Jaspers and flints are chipped, with the facets

polished, the edges highly so. Any form may occur in any locality.

Almost invariably they have scraper-form edges. The length is from 2 to

6 inches.

[Illustration: FIG. 65.--Celt, showing thin, gouge-form edge.]

Typical examples are shown in figure 66, of yellow jasper, from a

grave in Mississippi county, Arkansas; figure 67, of novaculite,

from an unknown locality in Arkansas; figure 68, of serpentine, from

Bradley county, Tennessee; figure 69, of sienite, from Caldwell county,

North Carolina; and figure 70, of gray jasper, from Bradley county,

Tennessee. Some specimens are sharp and worn at both ends, and could

have been used only with handles.

[Illustration: FIG. 66.--Celt, chisel-form.]

[Illustration: FIG. 67.--Celt, chisel-form.]

[Illustration: FIG. 68.--Celt, chisel-form.]

The Bureau collection includes the following specimens:

-----------------+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+

| District. | A| B| C| D| E| F| G| H| I| J| K| L| M| N| O| P| Q|

-----------------+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+

Northwestern | | | 1| 2| 1| | | | | | | | | | | | |

Northeastern | | | | | |32| 5| 2| 4| 1| 1| 1| | | | | |

Southeastern | | | 1| | | 2| | | | | | | 3| | | | |

Coosa district, | | 1| | | | | | | | | 1| | | | | | |

Warren county, | | | | | 1| | | | | | | | | | | | |

Southwestern | 2| | 1| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

Eastern Tennessee| | | |40| | | 1| | | | | | | 2| 1| 3| 1|

Union county, | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 1| |

Kanawha valley, | | | | | | | | | | | | 5| | | | | |

Northwestern | | | | 1| | | | | | | | | | | | | |

Savannah, Georgia| | | | 1| | | | | | | | | | | | | |

-----------------+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+

KEY:

A = White flint.

B = Serpentine.

C = Sienite.

D = Argillite.

E = Granite.

F = Yellow jasper.

G = Gray jasper.

H = Mottled jasper.

I = Red jasper.

J = Silicified wood.

K = Quartzite.

L = Black flint.

M = Novaculite.

N = Compact quartzite.

O = Porphyry.

P = Sandstone.

Q = Hornblende.

The high polish sometimes found on the top of a round-pointed celt may

be due to its working slightly in the socket in its handle of wood,

deerhorn, or other material.

[Illustration: FIG. 69.--Celt, chisel-form.]

[Illustration: FIG. 70.--Celt, chisel-form.]

By celts having a scraper-form edge is meant those having the edge to

one side of the median line, due to constant use of one face. This

face, at the edge, is in a straight line from side to side; it may have

a chisel-like flattening, or may curve toward the middle of the celt

for a short distance and then have the same form to the top as the

other face, which is convex or curved, as in the ordinary hatchet-celt.

They form a medium between celts whose faces gradually curve from top

to edge, and the celt-scrapers which are flat on one side. Among the

thicker celts this form is quite rare, though several, especially one

from Kanawha valley, West Virginia (represented in figure 74), are

quite pronounced. In the thinner specimens, however, a majority are of

this pattern, while in some types, nearly all indeed, even those up

to 6 inches long, are so beveled. The type, of which an illustration

is shown in figure 71, is of very hard black slate; the same form is

presented in figures 66 and 70.

From Bartow county, Georgia, is a scraper made from the edge of a celt

which has been broken diagonally across from one face to the other. A

stem like that of a spear-head has been formed by chipping away the

sides of the part broken, which gives a convenient attachment for a

handle; the original edge is unchanged except in the wear which has

resulted from its new use.

The specimen shown in figure 72 (of argillite, from McMinn county,

Tennessee) is introduced on account of its undoubted use as a scraper,

and because it is much smaller than some of the chipped flints thus

classified, the edge being less than an inch wide; the sides are

roughly incurved.

In Bradley county, Tennessee, there were found over 200 specimens of

very small, thin, flat, waterworn sandstone pebbles, which were mostly

in their natural condition, except that they had one side rubbed to a

sharp edge. A few, more slender, were ground to a point. Some of them

have a handle chipped out on the side opposite the edge, sometimes with

nicks in it, made for attachment to a handle by means of a cord. Most

of these specimens are less than 2 inches in length. No suggestion is

offered as to their use.

[Illustration: FIG. 71.--Celt, showing scraper-form edge.]

[Illustration: FIG. 72.--Scraper.]

Stone Art Thirteenth Annual Report of the Bureau of American Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1891-1892, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1896, pages 47-178. · 第 2 / 11 段