8. Out of 2,200 Frenchmen registered at Flossenburg Camp, 1,600 died
from supposedly natural causes.
Methods used for the work of extermination in concentration camps were:
Bad treatment, pseudo-scientific experiments (sterilization of women at
Auschwitz and at Ravensbrück, study of the evolution of cancer of the
womb at Auschwitz, of typhus at Buchenwald, anatomical research at
Natzweiler, heart injections at Buchenwald, bone grafting and muscular
excisions at Ravensbrück, _et cetera_), and by gas chambers, gas wagons,
and crematory ovens. Of 228,000 French political and racial deportees in
concentration camps, only 28,000 survived.
In France also systematic extermination was practised, notably at Asq on
1 April 1944, at Colpo on 22 July 1944, at Buzet sur Tarn on 6 July 1944
and on 17 August 1944, at Pluvignier on 8 July 1944, at Rennes on 8 June
1944, at Grenoble on 8 July 1944, at Saint Flour on 10 June 1944, at
Ruisnes on 10 June 1944, at Nimes, at Tulle, and at Nice, where, in July
1944, the victims of torture were exposed to the population, and at
Oradour sur Glane where the entire village population was shot or burned
alive in the church.
The many charnel pits give proof of anonymous massacres. Most notable of
these are the charnel pits of Paris (Cascade du Bois de Boulogne),
Lyons, Saint Genis-Laval, Besançon, Petit Saint Bernard, Aulnat, Caen,
Port Louis, Charleval, Fontainebleau, Bouconne, Gabaudet, L’hermitage
Lorges, Morlaas, Bordelongue, Signe.
In the course of a premeditated campaign of terrorism, initiated in
Denmark by the Germans in the latter part of 1943, 600 Danish subjects
were murdered and, in addition, throughout the German occupation of
Denmark large numbers of Danish subjects were subjected to torture and
ill-treatment of all sorts. In addition, approximately five hundred
Danish subjects were murdered, by torture and otherwise, in German
prisons and concentration camps.
In Belgium, between 1940 and 1944, torture by various means, but
identical in each place, was carried out at Brussels, Liége, Mons,
Ghent, Namur, Antwerp, Tournai, Arlon, Charleroi, and Dinant.
At Vught, in Holland, when the camp was evacuated, about four hundred
persons were shot.
In Luxembourg, during the German occupation, 500 persons were murdered
and, in addition, another 521 were illegally executed, by order of such
special tribunals as the so-called “Sondergericht”. Many more persons in
Luxembourg were subjected to torture and ill-treatment by the Gestapo.
At least 4,000 Luxembourg nationals were imprisoned during the period of
German occupation, and of these at least 400 were murdered.
Between March 1944 and April 1945, in Italy, at least 7,500 men, women,
and children, ranging in years from infancy to extreme old age were
murdered by the German soldiery at Civitella, in the Ardeatine Caves in
Rome, and at other places.
(B) Deportation, for slave labor and for other purposes, of the civilian
populations of and in occupied territories.
During the whole period of the occupation by Germany of both the Western
and the Eastern Countries, it was the policy of the German Government
and of the German High Command to deport able-bodied citizens from such
occupied countries to Germany and to other occupied countries to force
them to work on fortifications, in factories, and in other tasks
connected with the German war effort.
In pursuance of such policy there were mass deportations from all the
Western and Eastern Countries for such purposes during the whole period
of the occupation.
These deportations were contrary to the international conventions, in
particular to Article 46 of the Hague Regulations, 1907, the laws and
customs of war, the general principles of criminal law as derived from
the criminal laws of all civilized nations, the internal penal laws of
the countries in which such crimes were committed, and to Article 6 (b)
of the Charter.
Particulars of deportations, by way of example only and without
prejudice to the production of evidence of other cases, are as follows: