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JOURNAL
OF
THE PROCEEDINGS
OF
THE LINNEAN SOCIETY.
ZOOLOGY.
VOL. III.
LONDON:
LONGMAN, BROWN, GREEN, LONGMANS & ROBERTS,
AND
WILLIAMS AND NORGATE.
1859.
PRINTED BY TAYLOR AND FRANCIS,
RED LION COURT, FLEET STREET.
LIST OF PAPERS.
Page
BAIKIE, Dr.
Extract of a Letter from Dr. Baikie to Sir John Richardson,
M.D., C.B., F.R. & L.S., dated 29th October, 1857, Rabba,
on the Qworra 76
BATE, C. SPENCE, Esq., F.L.S.
On the Importance of an Examination of the Structure of the
Integument of Crustacea in the determination of doubtful
Species.--Application to the genus _Galathea_, with the
Description of a New Species of that Genus 1
BELL, THOMAS, Esq., P.L.S.
Description of a new Genus of Crustacea, of the Family
Pinnotheridæ; in which the fifth pair of legs are reduced to an
almost imperceptible rudiment 27
DARWIN, CHARLES, Esq., F.R.S., F.L.S., & F.G.S., and
WALLACE, ALFRED R., Esq.
On the Tendency of Species to form Varieties; and on the
Perpetuation of Varieties and Species by Natural Means of
Selection 45
HANBURY, DANIEL, Esq., F.L.S.
Note on Two Insect-products from Persia 178
HIGGINS, Rev. HENRY.
Death of the Common Hive Bee; supposed to be occasioned by
a parasitic Fungus 29
HUXLEY, T. H., Esq., F.R.S., Professor of Natural
History, Government School of Mines.
On some points in the Anatomy of _Nautilus Pompilius_ 36
KNOX, R., Esq., M.D., F.R.S.E.
Contributions to the Anatomy and Natural History of the Cetacea. 63
SMITH, FREDERICK, Esq., Assistant in the Zoological
Department in the British Museum.
Catalogue of Hymenopterous Insects collected at Celebes by
Mr. A. R. Wallace 4
Catalogue of Hymenopterous Insects collected by Mr. A. R.
Wallace at the Islands of Aru and Key 132
WALKER, FRANCIS, Esq., F.L.S.
Catalogue of the Dipterous Insects collected in the Aru Islands
by Mr. A. R. Wallace, with Descriptions of New Species 77
Catalogue of the Heterocerous Lepidoptera collected at Singapore
by Mr. A. R. Wallace, with Descriptions of New Species 183
Catalogue of the Heterocerous Lepidopterous Insects collected
at Malacca by Mr. A. R. Wallace, with Descriptions of New
Species 196
WALLACE, ALFRED R., Esq., and DARWIN, CHARLES
Esq., F.R.S., F.L.S., & F.G.S.
On the Tendency of Species to form Varieties; and on the
Perpetuation of Varieties and Species by Natural Means of
Selection 45
WASHINGTON, Captain.
Natural-History Extracts from the Journal of Captain Denham,
H.M. Surveying Vessel 'Herald,' 1857 32
WETHERELL, JOHN W., Esq.
Notice of the occurrence of recent Worm Tracks in the Upper
Part of the London Clay Formation near Highgate 31
INDEX 199
JOURNAL OF THE PROCEEDINGS
OF THE
LINNEAN SOCIETY OF LONDON.
On the Importance of an Examination of the Structure of the Integument
of Crustacea in the determination of doubtful Species.--Application to
the genus _Galathea_, with the Description of a New Species of that
Genus. By SPENCE BATE, Esq., F.L.S.
[Read January 21, 1858.]
Of the various genera of Decapod Crustacea none are more interesting, or
more difficult of description, than those which constitute the family
Galatheadæ.
The interest attaching to these forms arises from the intermediate
position which they occupy in the natural arrangement of the class,
their structure placing them between the Macrura and Brachyura; in
accordance with which we find that, whilst Professor M.-Edwards classes
them among the Macrura, Professor Bell, in his work on the British
Crustacea, places them (more correctly, as we think) in the intermediate
group of Anomura.
This opinion is fully borne out both in the development of the animals
and in their structure in the adult state.
The early form of the larva bears, anteriorly, a resemblance to the
Brachyural type, whilst the caudal appendages assimilate to those of the
Macrura. The same conditions obtain in the young of Anomura. At the time
of birth, the larva, like that of the Brachyura, has only the two
gnathopoda developed, whilst the termination of the tail is like that
of a fish, as in the Macrura. In the adult, the internal antennæ possess
short flagella and complementary appendages, such as exist in the order
Brachyura, whilst the external antennæ have the long and slender
flagella proper to the Macrura. The _scale_, however, commonly appended
to the external antennæ in the latter order is wanting, a circumstance
which exhibits a relation to the Brachyura.
An examination of the legs shows that the coxæ are fused with the
thorax, as in the Brachyura, and not articulated with it as in the
Macrura, whilst, on the other hand, the posterior division and caudal
termination approach the Macrural type more nearly than that of the
Brachyura, the animal thus assuming a character intermediate between the
two orders.
But in the description of the several species of the genus _Galathea_, a
peculiar difficulty appears to arise, originating in the affinity which
they bear to each other. So close, in fact, is the approximation, that
the descriptions of the best writers will scarcely avail for the
distinction of the individual species without the assistance of figures.
This arises from the fact that the general characters, upon which the
descriptions are based, vary, in this genus, only in their comparative
degrees of development.
In the three species recognized in Professor Bell's work on the British
Crustacea, it will be found that each species retains the same
characters in greater or less degree.
_Galathea strigosa_ is peculiar for the spinous character of the
carapace and cheliform legs. Every spine, however, is repeated in both
the other species, only less developed. We find the rostrum furnished
with four lateral teeth on each side, a character which also exists in
each of the other species; and although close observation may detect a
slightly different arrangement in the relative position of these teeth,
the differences are not of sufficient importance to enable a naturalist
thence to derive a specific distinction, unless the peculiarity is
seconded by some more unqualified character less liable to be affected
by any peculiarity of condition.
In order to arrive at more certain results in the identification of
species, we think that the microscopic examination of the surface of the
integument will be found peculiarly useful.
This mode of examination of species may also be applied to a
considerable extent throughout the Crustacea generally with great
advantage; and if found valuable in recent, there can be no doubt that
it will prove of far greater importance in extinct forms, where parts
on which the identification of species visually rests are lost, and
fragments only of the animal obtainable.
It should be borne in mind that, as the structure in question undergoes
modifications more or less considerable in different parts of the
animal, it will always be advisable to compare the corresponding parts
with each other.
Applying this test to the known species of _Galathea,_ we perceive that
the structure of the integument upon the arms, independent of the
marginal spines, exhibits a squamiform appearance, but that the scales,
which characterise the structure, possess features peculiar to each
species.
In _Galathea strigosa_ the scales are convex, distant from each other,
smooth at the edge, and fringed with long hairs. In _G. squamifera_ they
are convex, closely placed, scalloped at the edge, and without hairs. In
_G. nexa_ the scales are obsolete, tufts of hair representing the
supposed edges. In _G. depressa_, n. sp., the scales are broad, less
convex than in _G. strigosa_ and _G. squamifera_, smooth, closely set,
and fringed with short hairs. In _G. Andrewsii_ they are small, distant,
very convex, tipped with red, and slightly furnished with hair.
As another instance of the practical application of the microscopical
examination of the surface, I would refer to two species of Amphipoda,
classed by Leach under the name of _Gammarus Locusta_, from his
inability to assign them any separate specific characters. In the
structure of their integuments, however, these two forms will be found
to exhibit widely different microscopical appearances.
Again, there exists in the same group three or four species, the
description of any one of which would apply to either of the others; and
it is probable they would never have been ranked as separate species had
not their habitats been geographically distant. Thus _Gammarus Olivii_,
M.-Ed., _G. affinis_, M.-E., _G. Kröyii_, Rathke, and _G. gracilis_, R.,
can only be specifically determined by a microscopic examination of the
integument.
The same may be said of other Amphipoda, such as _Urothoe inostratus_,
Dana, from South America, which so nearly resembles in form the _U.
elegans_ of the British shores.
GALATHEA DISPERSA, mihi.
_G._ rostro brevi, dentibus 4 utrinque ornato, 2 anterioribus minoribus;
pedibus anterioribus elongatis, sparse spiosus; chelarum digitis
parallelis.
Galathea with short rostrum, armed on each side with 4 teeth, the two
posterior being less important than the two anterior. The fingers of the
chelæ impinge through their whole length; outer margin of the hand
furnished with 3 or 4 small spines.
_Hab._ Trawling-ground, Plymouth, common; Moray Frith, Scotland.
This species unites _G. Andrewsii_ with _G. nexa_, and, I think, has
often been mistaken for the young of the latter; but _G. nexa_, so far
as my experience goes, is a species peculiar to the north of England,
whereas _G. dispersa_, I anticipate, will be found to be the most
universally dispersed, in deep water, of any of the species known. It
can always be detected from _G. nexa_ by the form of the hand and the
manner in which the fingers impinge: in _G. nexa_ the hand is broad
towards the extremity, and the fingers meet only at the apex; in _G.
dispersa_ the hand gradually narrows to the apex, and the fingers meet
each other through their whole length, the inner margin of the finger
being finely serrated, the thumb not.
It also may be distinguished from _G. Andrewsii_ by the breadth of the
hands, which are narrow and round in _G. Andrewsii_, and moderately
broad and flat in _G. dispersa_.
By an examination of the texture of the integument under a magnifying
power of low degree, the surface of _G. dispersa_ will be seen
distinctly to differ from that of any of the others; it is covered with
flat scales, fringed with short cilia. The length of the animal,
including the arms, is about 2-1/4 inches.
Catalogue of Hymenopterous Insects collected at Celebes by Mr. A. R.
WALLACE. By FREDERICK SMITH, Esq., Assistant in the Zoological
Department, British Museum. Communicated by W. W. SAUNDERS, Esq.,
F.R.S., F.L.S.
[Read April 15th, 1858.]
This collection of the Hymenoptera of Celebes is specially interesting,
as adding greatly to our knowledge of the geographical range of many
well-known species, while the additions made to the Fossorial group
contain many of great beauty and rarity. A new species belonging to the
tribe of Solitary Wasps, _Odynerus clavicornis_, is perhaps the most
interesting insect in the collection; this Wasp has clavate antennæ, the
flagellum being broadly dilated towards the apex, convex above and
concave beneath. I am not acquainted with any other insect belonging to
the Vespidious group which exhibits such an anomaly.
Fam. ANDRENIDÆ, _Leach._
Gen. SPHECODES, _Latr._
1. SPHECODES INSULARIS. _S._ niger, abdominis segmentis primo secundo et
tertio (basi) rubris; alis hyalinis.
_Male._ Length 3-1/2 lines. Head and thorax black, closely and strongly
punctured; the face below the antennæ with silvery-white pubescence; the
joints of the flagellum submoniliform; the mandibles ferruginous.
Thorax: the tegulæ pale rufo-testaceous, wings hyaline, the nervures
ferruginous; the metathorax coarsely rugose; the articulations of the
legs and the tarsi ferruginous. Abdomen: the first, second, and base of
the third segments red, the apical ones black, very finely and closely
punctured, with the apical margins of the segments smooth and shining; a
black spot in the middle of the basal segment.
_Hab._ Celebes.
Gen. NOMIA, _Latr._
1. NOMIA PUNCTATA. _N._ nigra nitida punctata, alis nigro-fuscis.
_Male._ Length 4-1/2 lines. Shining black: head and thorax coarsely
punctured, the metathorax ruggedly sculptured, truncate at the apex, the
truncation and sides smooth with a few fine punctures; the abdomen
closely and rather finely punctured, the apical margins of the segments
smooth and shining. The tips of the mandibles, the tarsi and apex of the
abdomen rufo-testaceous, the wings fuscous.
_Hab._ Celebes.
2. NOMIA FLAVIPES. _N._ nigra pedibus flavis, abdomine cinereo fasciato,
alis hyalinis.
_Female._ Length 3-1/4 lines. Black; the face and cheeks densely clothed
with short cinereous pubescence, the vertex thinly so; the margins of
the prothorax, mesothorax and scutellum with a line of pale ochraceous
pubescence, the disk of the thorax thinly covered with short pubescence
of the same colour, the emargination of the metathorax as well as its
sides with longer pubescence of the same colour; the base of the abdomen
and basal margin of the second and following segments covered with short
cinereous pubescence. The flagellum beneath fulvous; the mandibles
ferruginous. The legs reddish-yellow, with the coxæ and base of the
femora black; the wings hyaline; the tegulæ yellow, the nervures pale
testaceous.
_Hab._ Celebes.
3. NOMIA FORMOSA. _N._ capite thoraceque nigris; abdomine chalybeo;
marginibus apicalibus segmentorum cæruleo fasciatis.
_Female._ Length 5-1/2 lines. Head and thorax black and very closely
punctured; the face covered with griseous pubescence; the clypeus with a
central longitudinal carina. Thorax: the apical margin of the prothorax,
the margins of the scutellum, and the sides of the metathorax covered
with a dense short ochraceous pubescence; the disk of the thorax thinly
sprinkled with short black hairs; the posterior tibiæ obscurely
ferruginous; the tarsi ferruginous; the legs covered with bright
golden-yellow pubescence; wings subhyaline, the nervures ferruginous;
the tegulæ yellow with a fuscous stain in the middle. Abdomen obscurely
chalybeous, closely punctured, the two basal segments strongly so; the
apical margins of the segments with smooth shining narrow blue fasciæ.
_Male._ Closely resembling the female, but with the legs black; the
posterior femora incrassate, the tibiæ narrow at their base and broadly
dilated at their apex, which, as well as the calcaria, are pale
testaceous.
This species closely resembles a species from North China, _N.
chalybeata_, Westw. MS., from which it is readily distinguished by the
form of the fourth ventral segment, which is notched in the middle,
rounded, and then emarginate with the lateral angles rounded; in the
species from China the margin is arched, and fringed with fulvous
pubescence.
4. NOMIA HALIOTOIDES. _N._ nigra, pube cinerea tecta, abdominis
segmentis intermediis pube alba fasciatis.
_Female._ Length 4-1/2 lines. Black; head and thorax opake, and thinly
clothed with cinereous pubescence, that on the disk of the thorax and
margin of the scutellum slightly ochraceous. The flagellum fulvous
beneath, the mandibles ferruginous at their apex; the tarsi ferruginous,
wings hyaline, nervures fuscous, stigma testaceous. Abdomen shining,
delicately punctured; the basal margins of the second, third, and fourth
segments with a band of cinereous pubescence, attenuated in the middle.
_Hab._ Celebes.
Fam. DASYGASTRÆ.
1. MEGACHILE INCISA. _M._ nigra, rude et dense punctata, facie fulvo
pubescente; alis fuscis, segmentis abdominis marginibus multo depressis.
_Male._ Length 5-1/2 lines. Black; closely and strongly punctured, the
punctures confluent on the abdomen. The face clothed with fulvous
pubescence. The tarsi obscurely rufo-piceous, the claws ferruginous;
wings dark fuscous, their base hyaline. Abdomen: the apical margins of
the segments smooth, impunctate, their basal margins very deeply
depressed; a deep fovea at the tip of the apical segment; the head,
thorax, and abdomen clothed beneath with short cinereous pubescence.
_Hab._ Celebes.
2. MEGACHILE FULVIFRONS. _M._ nigra, delicatule punctata; facie dense
fulvo pubescente; thoracis lateribus abdomineque subtus fulvo
pubescentibus; fasciis marginalibus abdominis fulvis.
_Female._ Length 7 lines. Black; head and thorax closely punctured, the
abdomen delicately so and shining; the mandibles stout, with two acute
teeth at their apex, shining and covered with oblong punctures; the
face, sides of the thorax, and abdomen beneath, densely clothed with
fulvous pubescence; the apical margins of the segments of the abdomen
above with narrow fasciæ of short fulvous pubescence; the abdomen in
certain lights has a metallic tinge.
The _male_ is similarly clothed to the female, the margins of the
segments are deeply depressed, and that of the apical segment slightly
notched in the middle.
_Hab._ Celebes.
3. MEGACHILE TERMINALIS. _M._ nigra, capite thoraceque dense punctatis;
abdomine pube nigra vestito; segmentis duobus apicalibus pube alba
vestitis; alis fuscis.
_Female._ Length 9 lines. Black; the face with tufts of black pubescence
above the insertion of the antennæ; mandibles very stout, with an acute
tooth at their apex, the inner margin subdentate, and covered with fine
cinereous pubescence. Thorax with black pubescence at the sides of the
metathorax; the wings dark fuscous. Abdomen clothed with black
pubescence; the fifth and sixth segments clothed with ochraceous
pubescence above, that on the sixth nearly white.
_Hab._ Celebes.
This species resembles the _M. ornata_; but when viewed beneath, the
different colour of the pollen-brush at once separates them.
Gen. CERATINA, _Spin._
1. Ceratina viridis, _Guér. Icon. Reg. Ann._ 444. t. 73. f. 6.
_Hab._ India (Bengal, N. India), Ceylon, Celebes, China.
2. Ceratina hieroglyphica, _Smith_, _Cat. Hym. Ins._ ii. 226.
_Hab._ Northern India, Celebes, Philippine Islands, Hong Kong.
Fam. DENUDATÆ.
1. STELIS ABDOMINALIS. _S._ dense punctata, capite thoraceque nigris,
abdomine ferrugineo; alis nigro-fuscis violaceo iridescentibus.
_Male._ Length 5 lines. Head and thorax black, abdomen ferruginous; head
and thorax strongly punctured, the scutellum very strongly so; the sides
of the face and the anterior margin of the face fringed with white
pubescence. The posterior margin of the scutellum rounded; wings dark
brown with a violet iridescence. Abdomen ferruginous and closely
punctured.
_Hab._ Celebes.
2. COELIOXYS FULVIFRONS. _C._ nigra, rude punctata, facie pube fulva
vestita; alis fuscis cupreo iridescentibus.
_Male._ Length 6 lines. Black; the head and thorax with large confluent
punctures; the face clothed with fulvous pubescence. Thorax: a stout
tooth on each side of the scutellum at its base; wings dark brown with a
coppery effulgence, subhyaline at their base; beneath clothed with short
cinereous pubescence. Abdomen: elongate, conical; closely punctured,
with the apical and basal margins of the segments smooth; the apical
segment with a tooth on each side at its base and four at its apex;
beneath the margins of the segments fringed with pale pubescence; the
apical margin of the fourth segment notched in the middle; the fifth
entirely clothed with pale pubescence.
_Hab._ Celebes.
Fam. SCOPULIPEDES.
Gen. ANTHOPHORA, _Latr._
1. Anthophora zonata, _Linn. Syst. Nat._ i. 955. 19.
_Hab._ India, Ceylon, Malacca, Sumatra, Borneo, Philippine Islands, Hong
Kong, Shanghai, Celebes.
Gen. XYLOCOPA, _Latr._
1. Xylocopa fenestrata, _Fabr. Syst. Piez._ p. 339. 6. [Symbol: male].
_Hab._ India, Celebes.
2. Xylocopa æstuans, _Linn. Syst. Nat._ 961. 53.
_Hab._ India, Java, Singapore, Celebes.
3. Xylocopa Dejeanii, _St. Farg. Hym._ ii. 209. 59.
_Hab._ Java, Borneo, Sumatra, Celebes.
4. Xylocopa collaris, _St. Farg. Hym._ ii. 189. 26.
_Hab._ India, Sumatra, Malacca, Borneo, Celebes.
5. XYLOCOPA NOBILIS. _X._ nigra, pube nigra induta; abdominis basi pube
flava, apice lateritio.
_Female._ Length 11 lines. Black; a narrow line of pale fulvous
pubescence on the margin of the thorax in front, a patch of the same
colour on each side of the metathorax, and the basal segment of the
abdomen covered above with similar pubescence; the apical margin of the
third and fourth segments, and the fifth and six entirely, covered with
bright brick-red pubescence; the wings black, with coppery iridescence.
_Hab._ Celebes.
Fam. SOCIALES.
1. APIS ZONATA. _A._ nigra, thoracis lateribus dense ochraceo
pubescentibus; alis fumatis; abdomine nitido, segmentis secundo tertio
quartoque basi niveo pubescentibus.
_Worker._ Length 8--8-1/2 lines. Black; the head and thorax opake, the
abdomen shining; the clypeus smooth and shining, the flagellum
rufo-piceous beneath; the anterior margin of the labrum narrowly, and
the apex of the mandibles, ferruginous; the face with a little fine
short cinereous pubescence above the insertion of the antennæ; the
vertex with long black pubescence; the eyes covered with short black
pubescence. Thorax: the sides with ochraceous pubescence; wings smoky,
the superior pair darkest at their anterior margin beyond the stigma.
Abdomen: a snow-white band at the basal margin of the second, third, and
fourth segments, the bands continued beneath, but narrower.
_Hab._ Celebes, Philippine Islands.
Specimens of this species denuded of their white bands would approach
the _A. unicolor_ of Latreille; but that insect is described as having
the anterior wings black; in the present species both pairs are of the
same smoky colour, not approaching black.
Fam. MUTILLIDÆ.
Gen. MUTILLA.
1. Mutilla sexmaculata, _Swed. Nov. Act. Holm._ viii. 286. 44. [Symbol:
female]. Mutilla fuscipennis, _Fabr. Syst. Piez._ 436. 35. [Symbol:
male].
_Hab._ India (Punjaub, &c.), China, Java, Celebes.
2. Mutilla unifasciata, _Smith_, _Cat. Hym._ pt. iii. p. 38.
_Hab._ India, Celebes.
3. Mutilla rufogastra, _St. Farg. Hym._ iii. 629. 51. [Symbol: male].
_Hab._ India, Celebes.
4. MUTILLA VOLATILIS. _M._ nigra, rude punctata et pubescens; capite
abdomineque nitidis, alis fusco-hyalinis.
_Male._ Length 5-6 lines. Black. Head and thorax very coarsely
punctured; head and disk of the thorax punctured; the metathorax opake,
with a central abbreviated channel and covered with large shallow
punctures; the eyes notched on their inner margin; wings fuscous and
iridescent; the tegulæ smooth and shining. Abdomen shining and rather
finely punctured; the basal segment narrow and campanulate; the margins
of the segments thickly fringed with silvery-white hair; the cheeks,
sides of the thorax, and beneath the legs and abdomen with scattered
long silvery-white hairs.
_Hab._ Celebes.
Fam. SCOLIADÆ, _Leach._
Gen. SCOLIA, _Fabr._
1. Scolia erratica, _Smith_, _Cat. Hym. Ins._ pt. iii. p. 88. 10. Scolia
verticalis, _Burm. Abh. Nat.-Ges. Halle_, i. 37. 61.
_Hab._ India, Sumatra, Celebes.
2. Scolia aurulenta, _Smith, Cat. Hym. Ins._ pt. iii. p. 102. 80. (nec
_Fabr._).
_Hab._ Philippine Islands, Celebes.
3. Scolia fimbriata, _Burm. Abh. Nat.-Ges. Halle_, i. p. 32. 24.
_Hab._ Java, Celebes.
4. Scolia dimidiata, _Guér. Voy. Coq. Zool._ ii. pt. 2. p. 248.
_Hab._ Senegal, Celebes.
5. SCOLIA TERMINATA. _S._ nigra, clypeo mandibulisque flavis, thorace
flavo variegato, alis hyalinis, abdomine flavo quinque-fasciato,
apicisque marginibus flavis.
_Male._ Length 5 lines. Black; the clypeus, labrum, and mandibles
yellow; the former with a triangular black spot in the middle; the
latter ferruginous at their apex. The posterior margin of the prothorax,
the tegulæ, a transverse curved line on the scutellum, and a spot on the
postscutellum yellow; the anterior and intermediate tarsi, tibiæ, and
knees, and the posterior tibiæ outside, yellow; a black line on the
intermediate tibiæ beneath, and the apical joints of the tarsi fuscous;
wings hyaline, the nervures ferruginous. Abdomen brightly prismatic; the
margins of all the segments with a narrow yellow fascia, those on the
second and third segments terminating at the sides in a large rounded
macula; the fascia very narrow or obliterated on the sixth segment; the
fasciæ on the second and third segments continued beneath.
_Hab._ Celebes.
6. SCOLIA AGILIS. _S._ nigra, mandibulis clypeoque flavis, alis
fulvo-hyalinis, abdomine prismatico flavo quadrifasciato.
_Male._ Length 8 lines. Black and punctured, with thin long griseous
pubescence; the vertex, disk of the thorax, and the abdomen shining; the
mandibles and clypeus yellow, the latter with a black bell-shaped spot
in the middle; wings fulvo-hyaline, the nervures ferruginous; the tibiæ
with a yellow line outside. Abdomen beautifully prismatic; the first and
three following segments with a yellow fascia on their apical margins,
the second and two following much attenuated in the middle, or the
fourth interrupted.
_Hab._ Celebes.
7. SCOLIA FULVIPENNIS. _S._ nigra, antennis capiteque supra basin
antennarum rubris, alis fulvo-hyalinis.
_Male._ Length 7 lines. Black; the antennæ and the head above their
insertion ferruginous, the scape black, the head coarsely punctured.
Thorax: coarsely punctured; the mesothorax with an abbreviated deeply
impressed line in the middle of its anterior margin; wings
fulvo-hyaline, the nervures ferruginous; the apex of the wings slightly
fuscous, the anterior pair with two submarginal cells and one recurrent
nervure. Abdomen: shining, punctured, and prismatic.
_Hab._ Celebes.
8. SCOLIA ALECTO. _S._ nigra, capite supra basin antennarum rubro; alis
nigris violaceo micantibus.
_Female._ Length 14 lines. Black and shining; head red above the
insertion of the antennæ, very smooth and glossy, with a few punctures
at the sides of and in front of the ocelli; antennæ black; the mandibles
with a fringe of ferruginous hairs on their inferior margin. Thorax:
smooth on the disk, which has a few scattered punctures at the sides;
the scutellum punctured and shining; the thorax in front and the
metathorax with black pubescence, the latter widely emarginate at the
verge of the truncation, the lateral angles produced; wings black with a
bright violet iridescence. Abdomen punctured, with the middle of the
second, third, and fourth segments smooth and shining in the middle; the
first segment with a smooth shining carina at its base slightly produced
forwards, the abdomen with a slight metallic lustre. The wings with one
marginal and three submarginal cells, and one recurrent nervure.
_Male._ Smaller than the female, and differs in having the clypeus red
and the red colour running down behind the eyes, the antennæ longer, and
the abdomen with a bright metallic iridescence.
_Hab._ Celebes.
9. SCOLIA MINUTA. _S._ nigra, abdomine iridescente, segmentorum
marginibus apicalibus flavo fasciatis, alis subhyalinis iridescentibus.
_Male._ Length 4 lines. Head and thorax black and shining, with
scattered pale pubescence; the mandibles and clypeus yellow, the latter
with an anchor-shaped black spot. Thorax: the posterior margin of the
prothorax and the anterior and intermediate tibiæ and tarsi yellow; a
minute yellow spot on the postscutellum yellow; the wings subhyaline,
the nervures fusco-ferruginous. Abdomen: the apical margins of the
segments with a narrow yellow border, the second and third uniting with
a lateral spot; the sixth segment immaculate; the apex pale testaceous.
_Hab._ Celebes.
Fam. POMPILIDÆ, _Leach_.
1. Pompilus analis, _Fabr. Syst. Piez._ p. 209. 42.
_Hab._ India, Java, Ceylon, Celebes.
2. POMPILUS SALTITANS. _P._ niger, pedibus subferrugineis, prothoracis
margine postica flava; alis flavo-hyalinis, apice fuscis, abdomine pilis
cinereis fasciato.
_Female._ Length 6 lines. Black and thinly covered with ashy pile. The
scape, labrum, mandibles and palpi ferruginous; the clypeus widely
emarginate anteriorly. The posterior margin of the prothorax angular and
with a yellow border; the scutellum prominent, covered on each side with
a dense silvery-white pile, the postscutellum with two spots of the
same; the wings flavo-hyaline, their apex with a broad dark-fuscous
border, the nervures ferruginous, the tegulæ yellow; the posterior wings
palest; legs pale ferruginous, the coxæ black with their tips pale; the
apical joints of the tarsi blackish, the spines of the legs black.
Abdomen: the first, second, and third segments with a fascia of
silvery-white pile at their basal margins; the apex of the abdomen
ferruginous.
_Hab._ Celebes.
3. POMPILUS CONTORTUS. _P._ niger, cinereo-pilosus, prothorace flavo
postice marginato; alis subhyalinis, marginibus apicalibus fuscis,
pedibus subferrugineis.
_Female._ Length 5-1/2 lines. Black; the head, thorax, and four basal
segments of the abdomen covered with ashy pile; the first and second
segments with their apical margins naked. The scape yellow in front; the
flagellum beneath, the labrum, mandibles and palpi ferruginous; the
joints of the antennæ arcuate, particularly the apical ones; the apex of
each joint is oblique, giving the antennæ a twisted appearance. Thorax:
the posterior margin of the prothorax angular and with a broad yellow
border; the scutellum compressed and prominent; wings subhyaline with a
broad fuscous border at their apex, the tegulæ yellow; legs pale
ferruginous, with their coxæ and trochanters black; the apical joints of
the tarsi fuscous. Abdomen with a yellow macula at the tip.
_Hab._ Celebes.
4. POMPILUS PILIFRONS. _P._ niger, facie argenteis pilis dense tecta;
thorace abdomineque flavo maculatis, alis subhyalinis, apice fuscis.
_Female._ Length 4-1/2 lines. Black; the face densely covered with
silvery-white pile; a narrow line at the inner orbits of the eyes, the
palpi and mandibles yellow; the latter ferruginous at their apex. The
posterior margin of the prothorax rounded and yellow; a minute yellow
spot on the mesothorax touching the scutellum, the thorax and abdomen
covered with a changeable silky pile; the wings subhyaline, their
nervures fuscous, a broad dark fuscous border at the apex of the
superior pair. A transverse spot on each side of the basal margin of the
second and third segments, and an emarginate fascia on that of the
fifth, yellow.
5. POMPILUS DECEPTOR. _P._ rufescenti-flavus; vertice nigro, alis
anticis apice fuscis.
_Male._ Length 6 lines. Pale reddish-yellow; the antennæ slightly dusky
above; a black transverse stripe on the vertex between the eyes, and
another issuing from it in the middle and passing beyond the ocelli.
Thorax: a black stripe on each side of the mesothorax over the tegulæ;
the wings subhyaline, the nervures ferruginous, the superior pair
fuscous at their apex. Abdomen immaculate.
Subgenus PRIOCNEMIS.
1. PRIOCNEMIS RUFIFRONS. _P._ niger; facie, antennis, tibiis tarsisque
ferrugineis, alis fulvo-hyalinis; abdominis segmento apicali flavo
unimaculato.
_Female._ Length 9-1/2 lines. Black; the face above the clypeus, as high
as the anterior ocellus, reddish-yellow; the extreme edge of the
clypeus, the labrum and base of the mandibles ferruginous; the antennæ
reddish-yellow. Thorax: fulvo-hyaline, with a dark fuscous border at the
apex; the knees, tibiæ and tarsi reddish-yellow; the two latter spinose.
Abdomen: gradually tapering to an acute point at the apex, the sixth
segment with an elongate red spot.
_Hab._ Celebes.
Subgenus AGENIA.
1. Agenia blanda, _Guér. Voy. Coq. Zool._ ii. pt. 2. p. 260.
2. AGENIA BIMACULATA. _A._ nigra, cinereo-pilosa, clypeo plagis duabus
flavis; antennarum articulis apicalibus, tibiis tarsisque anticis et
intermediis femoribusque posticis ferrugineis; alis subhyalinis,
nervuris nigris.
_Female._ Length 7 lines. Black, and covered with ashy pile; a large
macula on each side of the clypeus, the mandibles and palpi yellow; the
base and apex of the mandibles rufo-piceous; the flagellum pale
ferruginous, more or less fuscous above towards the base. Thorax: the
posterior margin of the prothorax arched; the anterior and intermediate
tibiæ and tarsi and the femora at their apex beneath, also the posterior
femora, pale ferruginous; the wings subhyaline, the nervures dark
fuscous. Abdomen: the apical margins of the segments obscurely and
narrowly rufo-piceous, the apex ferruginous.
_Hab._ Celebes.
Gen. MACROMERIS, _St. Farg._
1. Macromeris splendida, _St. Farg. Hym. iii._ 463. 1. [Symbol: male].
_Hab._ India, China, Malacca, Borneo, Java, Celebes.
Gen. MYGNIMIA, _Smith_.
1. Mygnimia iridipennis, _Smith, Journ. Proc. Linn. Soc._ ii. p. 98.
_Hab._ Celebes, Borneo.
This insect, a female, is 5 lines larger than _M. iridipennis_; but I
can point out no other distinction beyond a slight difference in the
colour of the wings: the specimen from Borneo has a metallic
bluish-green iridescence, the Celebes insect has a violet iridescence;
notwithstanding which I am inclined to regard them as one species.
2. MYGNIMIA FUMIPENNIS. _M._ aurantiaco-rubra, alis obscure fuscis.
_Female._ Length 9 lines. Orange-red; the anterior margin of the clypeus
entire; the labrum produced, its anterior margin widely emarginate; eyes
large, black and ovate. Thorax: the posterior margin of the prothorax
rounded; the mesothorax with a longitudinal fuscous stripe on each side,
widest anteriorly; the metathorax truncate; above, transversely striate;
the tibiæ and tarsi spinose; wings dark fuscous, with a pale
semitransparent macula at the base of the second discoidal cell and a
dark fuscous macula beyond; the insect entirely covered with a fine
orange-red downy pile.
_Hab._ Celebes.
Fam. SPHEGIDÆ.
1. SPHEX PRÆDATOR. _S._ niger, rude punctatus, facie pube fulva vestita;
alis fuscis cupreo iridescentibus.
_Male._ Length 10-1/2 lines. Black; the head and thorax opake. Abdomen
shining blue-black. The face with silvery pile on each side of the
clypeus, and sprinkled with erect black hairs. Thorax: the posterior
margin of the prothorax with a line of silvery pubescence; the
metathorax with a short light-brown pubescence at the apex, and thinly
clothed with black hairs; wings dark brown, with a brilliant violet
iridescence. Abdomen blue-black, smooth and shining.
_Hab._ Celebes.
2. AMMOPHILA INSOLATA. _A._ nigra, scapo mandibulis, pedibus,
abdominisque segmentis primo et secundo ferrugineis; alis subhyalinis.
_Female._ Length 8-1/2 lines. Black; the scape, the base of the
flagellum beneath, the anterior margin of the clypeus and the mandibles
ferruginous; the latter black at their apex. Thorax: the prothorax
smooth and shining; the meso- and metathorax above transversely
striated, the scutellum longitudinally so; the legs ferruginous, with
their coxæ black; a spot of silvery-white pubescence on each side of the
metathorax at its base, and two at its apex close to the insertion of
the petiole; the wings fulvo-hyaline with the nervures ferruginous.
Abdomen: the petiole and the following segment red, the base of the
third also slightly red; the three apical segments obscurely blue, with
a thin glittering pile.
The _male_ differs in having the legs black, their articulations only
being ferruginous; the head entirely black with the face densely covered
with silvery-white pile. The thorax is sculptured as in the other sex;
the petiole more elongate and slender, the basal joint black, the second
and the first segment ferruginous beneath; the rest of the abdomen blue.
_Hab._ Celebes.
Gen. PELOPÆUS, _Latr._
1. Pelopæus Madraspatanus, _Fabr. Syst. Piez._ p. 203. 3.
_Hab._ Malabar, Madras, Nepaul, Bengal, Celebes.
2. Pelopæus Bengalensis, _Dahlb. Syst. Nat._ i. 941. 2.
_Hab._ India, Philippine Islands, China, Isle of France, Celebes.
3. PELOPÆUS INTRUDENS. _P._ niger; clypeo bidentato, tibiis anticis et
intermediis, femorumque apice, femoribusque posticis basi,
trochanteribus, tibiarum dimidio basali, petioloque rufescenti-flavis;
alis fulvo-hyalinis.
_Female._ Length 11 lines. Black; the face with silvery pubescence; the
clypeus with two large blunt teeth at its apex, formed by a deep notch
in its anterior margin; the scape reddish-yellow in front. The meso- and
metathorax transversely striated; the wings fulvo-hyaline, the nervures
ferruginous; the anterior and intermediate tibiæ and the femora at their
apex, the posterior femora at their base, the trochanters, the tibiæ
with their basal half and the middle of the basal joint of the posterior
tarsi, reddish-yellow; the petiole of the abdomen of a paler yellow; the
abdomen smooth and shining. The male only differs in being rather
smaller.
_Hab._ Celebes.
Mr. Wallace says of this species, "A common house-wasp in Macassar;
builds mud cells on rafters."
_Note._--In describing the species of this genus collected by Mr.
Wallace at Borneo, I incorrectly gave that locality for _P. javanus_.
The insect mistaken for that species may be shortly characterized as P.
_benignus_, length 12 lines. Opake-black, with the petiole shining; the
metathorax transversely striated; the wings pale fulvo-hyaline, the
nervures ferruginous; the scape in front, the anterior and intermediate
tibiæ, the apex of the femora, and the basal joint of the tarsi
reddish-yellow; the posterior legs, with the trochanters and basal half
of the femora, yellow.
4. PELOPÆUS FLAVO-FASCIATUS. _P._ niger; capite thoraceque flavo
variegato; pedibus abdominisque basi ferrugineis; alis hyalinis, apice
fuscis, abdominisque segmento tertio fascia lata flava ornato.
_Female._ Length 9 lines. Black; the clypeus yellow; the mandibles and
scape ferruginous, the former black at their base, the latter yellow in
front; the sides of the face with a bright golden pile. Thorax: the
posterior margin of the prothorax, the tegulæ, scutellum, and a quadrate
spot on each side of the metathorax at its base yellow; the legs
ferruginous, with the coxæ, trachanters, and claw-joint of the tarsi
black; wings fulvo-hyaline, the nervures ferruginous, a fuscous spot at
the apex of the anterior pair; the meso- and metathorax transversely
striated, the latter with a yellow spot at the insertion of the petiole.
Abdomen: the petiole slightly curved upwards, the first segment
ferruginous; a broad yellow fascia at the apex of the third segment, the
apex of the fourth with a narrow obscure fascia; the abdomen covered
with a fine silky pile.
_Hab._ Celebes.
Fam. BEMBICIDÆ, _Westw._
1. Bembex trepanda, _Dahlb. Hym. Europ._ i. p. 181.
_Hab._ India, Celebes.
Fam. LARRIDÆ.
Genus LARRA, _Fabr._
1. Larra prismatica, _Smith, Journ. Proc. Linn. Soc._ ii. p. 103.
_Hab._ Malacca, Celebes.
Genus LARRADA, _Smith_.
1. Larrada aurulenta, _Smith, Cat. Hym. Ins._ pt. iv. 276. 6. Sphex
aurulenta, _Fabr. Mant._ i. 274. 10.
_Hab._ India, Java, Sumatra, Celebes, Philippine Islands, China, Cape of
Good Hope, Gambia.
2. Larrada exilipes, _Smith, Cat. Hym. Ins._ pt. iv. p. 278.
3. LARRADA ÆDILIS. _L._ nigra; facie argenteo-pilosa, alis subhyalinis,
articulis apicalibus tarsorum rufo-testaceis, abdomine lævi et nitido.
_Female._ Length 5-1/2 lines. Black; head and thorax subopake, the
abdomen shining; the face densely covered with silvery pile, the cheeks,
sides of the thorax and abdomen thinly so; the tips of the mandibles and
apical joints of the tarsi ferruginous, the latter obscurely so. The
metathorax transversely and rather finely rugose, the truncation more
strongly striated; the scutellum shining; the wings subhyaline, the
nervures ferruginous; the tibiæ with scattered spines, the tarsi
spinose.
4. LARRADA AURIFRONS. _L._ nigra; facie mesothoracis metathoracisque
lateribus aurato pubescentibus, abdominis marginibus segmentorum trium
basalium argentato piloso fasciatis; alis fuscis.
_Male._ Length 8 lines. Black; the face and outer orbits of the eyes
clothed with golden pile; the lateral margins of the mesothorax and the
metathorax thinly clothed with golden pile; wings dark fuscous with a
violet iridescence; the three basal segments of the abdomen with fasciæ
of silvery pile.
_Hab._ Celebes.
5. LARRADA PERSONATA. _L._ capite thoraceque nigris, abdomine
ferrugineo.
_Female._ Length 8-1/2 lines. Head, thorax, and legs black; the two
former closely punctured and thinly covered with short cinereous
pubescence; the metathorax with the punctures running into transverse
striæ in the middle; the sides of the thorax and the legs with a fine
silky silvery-white pile; the tibiæ and tarsi strongly spinose; wings
fusco-hyaline; abdomen entirely red, smooth and shining.
The _male_ is smaller, and has the four apical segments of the abdomen
black, the face, cheeks, and apical margins of the segments of the
abdomen with silvery pile.
_Hab._ Celebes.
This is probably merely a variety of _L. simillima_, wanting the black
apex to the abdomen; it very much resembles the L. _anathema_ of Europe.
6. LARRADA RUFIPES. _L._ nigra, mandibulis pedibusque rufis; alis
hyalinis, venis pallide testaceis; abdomine sericeo-piloso.
_Female._ Length 7 lines. Black; the head smooth and shining; the
clypeus, the cheeks, and face anteriorly covered with silvery pile; the
scape in front, the mandibles, and palpi ferruginous. Thorax: the sides
and beneath with a thin silvery-white pile; the legs ferruginous with
the coxæ black, the posterior pair red beneath; the thorax closely
punctured, the metathorax transversely striated; wings fulvo-hyaline,
the nervures pale-testaceous. Abdomen shining, very closely and
delicately punctured; thinly covered with a fine white silky pile, which
is very bright on the margins of the segments, which are slightly
rufo-piceous.
The _male_ closely resembles the female, and is similarly sculptured and
coloured.
_Hab._ Celebes.
7. LARRADA FESTINANS. _L._ nigra; facie abdominisque marginibus
segmentorum argentato-pilosis.
_Female._ Length 3 lines. Black; the face and cheeks thinly covered with
silvery pile. Thorax: the disk very closely punctured, the metathorax
rugose; the sides and the legs with a fine glittering sericeous pile,
the wings subhyaline, their apical margins fuscous, the nervures
fuscous. Abdomen smooth and sinning, covered with a thin silky pile, the
apical margins with bright silvery fasciæ, only observable in certain
lights.
The _male_ closely resembles the female, but has the face more silvery.
_Hab._ Celebes.
Genus MORPHOTA, _Smith_.
1. MORPHOTA FORMOSA. _M._ capite thoraceque nigris; abdomine rufo, apice
nigro, pilis argentatis ornato.
_Female._ Length 5 lines. Black, with the two basal segments of the
abdomen red; covered with a brilliant changeable silvery pile, most
dense on the face, cheeks, sides of the metathorax, and on the apical
margins of the abdominal segments. The mandibles ferruginous, with their
apex piceous. The vertex smooth, and having _three distinct ocelli_; the
head more produced behind the eyes than in _Larrada_. Thorax: the
prothorax subtuberculate at the sides; wings subhyaline and iridescent,
the nervures fuscous, the tegulæ pale testaceous behind. The apical
margin of the first segment of the abdomen rufo-fuscous.
_Hab._ Celebes.
The insects belonging to the genus _Morphota_ differ from those of
_Larrada_ in having three distinct ocelli, the vertex without any
depressions, and the head much less compressed than in _Larrada_; the
recurrent nervures are received nearer to the base and apex of the
second submarginal cell; the species have, in fact, a distinct habit,
and do not assimilate with the species of _Larrada_.
Genus TACHYTES, _Panz._
1. TACHYTES MOROSUS. _T._ niger, scutello abdomineque nitidis, facie
argenteo-pilosa; marginibus lateralibus abdominis segmentorum
argentatis.
_Female._ Length 4-1/2 lines. Black; the face covered with silvery pile;
the thorax finely and very closely punctured; the metathorax opake and
finely rugose, thinly covered with cinereous pubescence; the anterior
tarsi ciliated on the exterior, and the intermediate and posterior tibiæ
with a few dispersed spines; wings fusco-hyaline and iridescent, the
nervures fusco-ferruginous, the costal nervure black. Abdomen smooth and
shining; the apical margins of the intermediate segments slightly
depressed, with the sides sericeous.
Fam. CRABRONIDÆ.
Genus OXYBELUS, _Latr._
1. Oxybelus agilis, _Smith, Cat. Hym. Ins._ pt. iv. 387. 25.
_Hab._ India, Celebes.
GENUS CRABRO, _Latr._
1. CRABRO (RHOPALUM) AGILIS. _C._ obscuro-nigra, clypeo argentato,
capite, thorace abdomineque flavo variis.
_Female._ Length 4 lines. Black, opake; head larger than the thorax,
quadrate; the ocelli in a curve on the vertex; the clypeus and lower
portion of the cheeks with silvery pile; the scape, two basal joints of
the flagellum, the palpi, and the mandibles, yellow; the latter
rufo-piceous at their apex. The margin of the prothorax, the tubercles,
the scutellum, the tibiæ and tarsi, the anterior femora and the
intermediate pair at their apex yellow; the anterior femora black above;
the wings subhyaline and iridescent, the nervures testaceous. Abdomen:
with an elongate clavate petiole; the first segment with an oblique
yellow macula on each side, the third with a large lateral macula at its
base, and the following segments entirely yellow.
_Hab._ Celebes.
This species closely resembles the _C. Westermanni_ of Dahlbome, from
the Cape of Good Hope.
GENUS CERCERIS, _Latr._
1. Cerceris instabilis, _Smith, Cat. Hym. Ins._ pt. iv. 452. 74.
_Hab._ India, China, Celebes.
2. Cerceris unifasciata, _Smith, Cat. Hym. Ins._ pt. iv. 456. 84.
_Hab._ North China, Celebes.
3. Cerceris fuliginosa, _Smith, Cat. Hym. Ins._ pt. iv. 454. 79.
_Hab._ Celebes.
4. CERCERIS VARIPES. _C._ nigra, facie flavo varia; alis fuscis basi
hyalinis; pedibus variegatis; abdomine flavo maculato.
_Male._ Length 6 lines. Black; a line down the inner orbits of the eyes,
continued along the lower margins of the face, and uniting with the
clypeus, which as well as a line above it between the antennæ are
yellow; a spot on the scape in front, and the mandibles, yellow; the
latter rufo-piceous at their apex. Thorax: a spot on each side of the
prothorax, a minute one on the tegulæ; the postscutellum, the
intermediate and posterior coxæ and trochanters, the anterior tibiæ
behind, the femora beneath, and the intermediate and posterior tibiæ
yellow; the femora reddish above and at their articulations; the
posterior femora and tibiæ black, with the tarsi rufo-testaceous; the
anterior wings and the apex of the posterior pair brown, the base of the
anterior pair hyaline. Abdomen: the second and three following segments
with a short yellow stripe on each side.
_Hab._ Celebes.
Tribe VESPIDÆ.
Fam. EUMENIDÆ, _Westw_.
Genus ZETHUS, _Fabr._
1. Zethus cyanopterus, _Sauss. Mon. Guêpes Sol_. i. 23. 2.
Genus MONTEZUMIA, _Sauss._
1. Montezumia Indica, _Sauss. Mon. Guêpes Sol._ i. _supp._ 167. 59. t.
9. f. 4.
_Hab._ India, Celebes.
Genus RHYNCHIUM, _Spin._
1. Rhynchium hæmorrhoidale, _Sauss. Mon. Guêpes Sol._ i. 109. 12. Vespa
hæmorrhoidalis, _Fabr. Syst. Piez._ p. 259. 28.
_Hab._ India, Java, Cape of Good Hope, Celebes.
2. Rhynchium argentatum, _Sauss. Mon. Guêpes Sol._ i. 115. 22. Vespa
argentata, _Fabr. Syst. Piez._ p. 260. 39.
_Hab._ India, Celebes.
3. Rhynchium atrum, _Sauss. Mon. Guêpes Sol._ i. 109. 11.
_Hab._ India, Celebes.