These statements are borne out by the fact that where the disease has

shown itself it has been found to vary in extent and intensity in

proportion as the soil of the vineyard is more or less clayey; and many

instances are known in which patches of a vineyard have continued

unaffected amidst the surrounding devastation, owing to the absence in

those particular parts of the soil, of the argillaceous element.

A forcible illustration of this malign influence of clay in the soil is

afforded by the following analyses of two specimens of earth taken from

the same vineyard. The specimen marked “healthy” was from a small plot of

ground in which the vines were perfectly sound; that distinguished as

“unhealthy” formed by far the greater portion of the soil of the vineyard,

the plants growing in which were all suffering from the ravages of the

parasite:——

Healthy. Unhealthy.

Water 2·25 3·20

Nitrogen 0·11 0·12

Sulphate of calcium 0·62 0·42

Chloride of sodium 1·15 0·18

Carbonate of calcium 49·00 42·00

Siliceous sand 23·50 10·20

Clay 17·75 37·50

Organic substances }

and error of analysis.} 5·62 6·38

———————— ————————

100·00 100·00

From the locality already indicated, where it had first developed itself

in 1865, the vine disease gradually extended until, in the year 1873, it

was ravaging the vineyards of the Gard, Vaucluse, Isère, Herault, Drôme,

Bouches du Rhone, Ardèche, Basses-Alpes, Var, the Gironde, and the

Charentes, since which time it has gradually continued to spread into the

adjacent districts.

“We may gain a more precise idea than can be afforded by a mere

observation of the geographical extension of the disease, of the

disastrous nature of the ravages of the Phylloxera, by the examination of

some of the statistics of the grape-crop in successive years, in some of

the departments attacked. Thus, in the Department of Vaucluse, where the

disease showed itself in 1866, there were in 1866, according to the

results obtained by the departmental commission instituted at Avignon to

observe on the new vine-disease, 6000 hectares absolutely dead or dying,

and a much larger number already attacked, which have since succumbed to

the parasite. Out of the 30,000 hectares of vineyards comprised in this

department, 25,000, or five sixths of the total area, have been

destroyed. In the Gard, where the vine flourishes better than in the

above-mentioned department, the ravages of the disease are yet most

terrible; for in 1871, in the Arrondissement of Uzes, but one half of the

average crop was produced, and in the Arrondissement of Nismes a tenth

part of the crop was destroyed. These proportions, moreover, have

increased since that year.

“If we examine the mischief done in the less extended areas of the

communes, we shall obtain a still clearer idea of the rapid spread of the

disease:——

“COMMUNE OF GRAVESON.

1865-66-67 mean crop 10,000 hectolitres.

1868 ” 5,500 ”

1869 ” 2,200 ”

1870 ” 400 ”

1871 ” 205 ”

1872 ” 100 ”

1873 ” 50 ”

“In the Commune of Maillanne the crop in 1868 was only 40 per cent. of the

average of the three preceding years, while in 1869 it was only 10 per

cent. In the Commune of Eyragues the crop in 1868 was about 33 per cent.

of the average of the three preceding years, and in 1869 there was a

further falling off of about 10 per cent. In 1870 the crop in the three

above-named communes was almost entirely destroyed. From instances such as

these, fairly selected from many others equally tragic in their stern

figures, we may form some idea of the magnitude of the disaster. Indeed,

it is difficult to see, so rapid is the extension of the disease, how,

unless some potent and effective remedy can be soon applied, any

vine-bearing district in France can escape the visitation of the

Phylloxera.”[105]

[Footnote 105: ‘Nature,’ vol. x.]

The French Government, fully alive to the peril threatening the staple

product of their country, shortly after the appearance of the Phylloxera

in the vineyards of France, offered through their Minister of Commerce and

Agriculture a reward of 300,000 francs for the discovery of a means of

arresting and stopping its ravages; and in 1871 the Academy of Sciences,

at Paris appointed a commission, presided over by the celebrated chemist

M. Dumas, to investigate the biology, habits, &c., of the parasite,

together with the nature of the injuries it inflicted upon the vine, the

area of its depredations, &c. From amongst the members of this commission

three gentlemen were chosen to visit the infected districts, so as to be

afforded an opportunity of studying the Phylloxera at its destructive

work, and its environments of soil, situation, temperature, &c.

The delegates selected by the Commission were MM. Balbiani, Cornu, and

Duclaux, respectively amongst the most distinguished living

representatives of zoology, botany, and chemistry in France, and the

results of their labours was the issue, some few years back, of a most

exhaustive and valuable report to the Academy of Sciences on the subject

of the Phylloxera.

The vines of other countries besides those of France have also suffered

from the attacks of the Phylloxera. Thus it has made its appearance in the

vineyards of Algiers, Italy, Germany, Spain, Portugal, Switzerland,

Australia, and North America, on all of which it has been productive of

more or less serious injury to the vintage.

Amongst the numberless remedies that have been suggested and tried, with

varying but by no means uniform or satisfactory results, for the

destruction of the Phylloxera, may be mentioned sulphur, the sulphites,

tobacco, caustic soda, and potash, bisulphide of carbon, coal-tar, soft

soap, lime, the immersion of the vine in sulpho-carbonate of potassium,

and the application around the roots of sand.

A certain amount of success, it has been said, has attended the employment

of the sulpho-carbonate of potassium and sand.

An American botanist, Mr Riley, recommends the importation into French

vineyards of the American vines, which he suggests should be employed as

stocks on which to graft the French ones.

The American plant being of a hardy nature, he believes its incorporation

with the more susceptible French ones, would give rise to a vine

sufficiently vigorous to resist, or at any rate not to be injured by the

ravages of the parasite.

=PHYSIC BALLS.= See VETERINARY MEDICINES.

=PHYSOSTIGMATIS FABA.= See CALABAR BEAN.

=PI′CA.= Depraved appetite.

=PIC′AMAR.= One of the peculiar principles discovered by Reichenbach in

beech-tar, and described by him as a viscid, colourless, oily liquid, only

feebly odorous, but intensely bitter; insoluble in water; freely soluble

in alcohol, ether, and oils; boiling point 520° Fahr.; sp. gr. 1·095. See

KREASOTE.

=PICCALIL′LI.= See PICKLES.

=PICK′LE.= The liquor in which substances used as food are preserved. That

for flesh is commonly brine; that for vegetables, vinegar; both of which

are commonly flavoured with spices, &c.

_Prep._ 1. (FOR MEAT.)——_a._ From bay salt, 3 lbs.; saltpetre, 2-1/2 oz.;

moist sugar, 1 lb.; allspice and black pepper, of each (bruised) 1 oz.;

water, 9 pints; simmer them together in a clean covered iron or enamelled

vessel for 7 or 8 minutes; when the whole has cooled, remove the scum, and

pour it over the articles to be preserved. Used for hams, tongues, beef,

&c., to which it imparts a fine red colour and a superior flavour.

_b._ From bay salt and common salt, of each 2 lbs.; moist sugar, 1 lb.;

saltpetre, 1/2 lb.; allspice (bruised), 1/2 oz.; water, 1 gall,; as

before. Used chiefly for pork and hams. Common salt may be substituted

for bay salt, but it is less powerfully antiseptic, and the flavour is

less grateful.

2. (For VEGETABLES.)——_a._ Strong distilled vinegar, to each quart of

which 1-1/2 oz. of good salt has been added.

_b._ Good distilled vinegar, 4 pints; common salt, 2-1/2 oz.; black

pepper, 1/2 oz.; unbleached Jamaica ginger, 2-1/2 oz. (the last two

bruised, but not dusty); mace (shredded), 1/4 oz.; simmer in an enamelled

iron or stoneware vessel, as above, and strain through flannel. Sometimes

a little capsicum is added. Used either hot or cold, according to the

vegetable it is intended to preserve.

=Pickle, Lemon.= See SAUCES.

=PICKLES.= These well-known articles are easily prepared of the finest

quality. The vegetables and fruit, selected of the proper quality and at

the proper season, after being well cleansed with cold spring water, are

steeped for some time in strong brine; they are then drained and dried,

and transferred to bottles or jars; the spice (if any) is then added, the

bottles filled up with hot, strong, pickling vinegar, and at once securely

corked down and tied over with bladder. As soon as the bottles are cold

the corks are dipped into melted wax, the more surely to preserve them

air-tight. Good wood or distilled vinegar is commonly used for this

purpose; but the best malt or white wine vinegar of the strength known as

No. 22 or 24 is exclusively employed for the finer pickles which are not

spiced. In those for early use the ‘steep’ may be made in hot or boiling

brine, by which the product will be ready for the table in a much shorter

period; but with substances of a succulent and flabby nature, as cabbage,

cauliflower, some fruit, &c., or in which crispness is esteemed a mark of

excellence, this is inadmissible. To such articles the vinegar should also

be added cold, or, at furthest, should be only slightly warmed. As a

general rule, the softer and more delicate articles do not require so long

soaking in brine as the harder and coarser kinds; and they may be often

advantageously pickled by simply pouring very strong pickling vinegar over

them without applying heat. It must also be observed that beetroot, and

other like substances which are sliced, as well as certain delicate

fruits, must not be steeped at all. The spice is commonly added whole to

the bottles; but a more economical plan is to steep it (bruised) for some

time, or to simmer it in the vinegar before using the latter, as in the

forms given under PICKLE (_above_).

The spices and flavouring ingredients employed for pickles are——allspice,

black and white pepper, capsicums or red pods, cloves, garlic, ginger,

horseradish, lemon peel, mace, mustard, shallots, and turmeric. These are

chosen with reference to the particular variety of the pickle, or the

taste of the consumer.

A good SPICED VINEGAR for pickles generally is the following:——Bruise in a

mortar 2 oz. of black pepper, 1 oz. of ginger, 1/2 oz. of allspice, and 1

oz. of salt. If a hotter pickle is desired, add 1/2 dr. of cayenne, or a

few capsicums. For walnuts, add also 1 oz. of shallots. Put these into a

stone jar, with a quart of vinegar, and cover them with a bladder wetted

with the pickle, and over this place a piece of leather. Set the jar on a

trivet near the fire for 3 days, shaking it 3 times a day, then pour it on

the walnuts or other vegetables. For walnuts it is used hot, but for

cabbage, &c., cold. To save time it is usual to simmer the vinegar gently

with the spices; which is best done in an enamelled saucepan.

In the preparation of pickles it is highly necessary to avoid the use of

metallic vessels, as both vinegar and brine rapidly corrode brass, copper,

lead, &c., and thus become poisonous. These liquids may be best heated or

boiled in a stoneware jar by the heat of a water bath or a stove. Common

glazed earthenware should be avoided, either for making or keeping the

pickles in, as the glazing usually contains lead. Pickles should also be

kept from the air as much as possible, and should only be touched with

wooden or bone spoons. They are also better prepared in small jars, or

bottles, than in large ones, as the more frequent opening of the latter

exposes them too much. Copper or verdigris is frequently added to pickles

to impart a green colour, or the vinegar is boiled in a copper vessel

until sufficiently ‘greened’ before pouring it on the vegetables. This

poisonous addition may be readily detected by any of the tests mentioned

under COPPER. If a green colour be desired, it may be imparted to the

vinegar, and ultimately to the pickles, by steeping vine leaves, or the

leaves of parsley or spinach, in it. A teaspoonful of olive oil may be

advantageously added to each bottle to keep the pickles white, and to

promote their preservation.

⁂ The following list includes the leading pickles of the shops, and some

others:——

=Barberries.= From the ripe fruit, without heat.

=Beans.= From the young green pods of the scarlet bean, and the French or

kidney bean, with heat.

=Beetroot.= From the sliced root, without steeping in brine, and with cold

spiced vinegar. When wanted for immediate use the vinegar may be used

boiling hot.

=Broccoli.= As CAULIFLOWERS.

=Cabbage.= This, either red or white, is cut into thin slices, and steeped

in strong brine or sprinkled with common salt, and allowed to lie for 1 or

2 days; after which it is drained for 10 or 12 hours in a warm room, and

then put into jars or bottles, with or without a little mace and white

peppercorns, and at once covered with cold, strong, white

vinegar.——Another plan is to steep the sliced cabbage in alum water for

10 or 12 hours, and, after draining and drying it, to pour the vinegar

upon it as before. The product of the last formula eats very fresh and

crisp, but takes longer to mature than that of the other. Some persons add

a little salt with the vinegar; and others mix slices of red beet with the

cabbage.

=Capsicums.= As GHERKINS.

=Cauliflowers.= As CABBAGE (nearly). Or, they may be steeped in hot brine

for 1 or 2 hours before pouring the vinegar over them.

=Cherries.= From the scarcely ripe fruit, bottled, and covered with strong

and colourless pickling vinegar.

=Codlins.= As BEANS.

=Cucumbers.= As GHERKINS.

=Elderflowers.= From the clusters, just before they open, as RED CABBAGE.

A beautiful pickle.

=English Bamboo.= From the young shoots of elder, denuded of the outer

skin, pickled in brine for 12 or 14 hours; then bottled with a little

white pepper, ginger, mace, and allspice, and pickled with boiling

vinegar. Excellent with boiled mutton.

=Eschalots.= With boiling spiced vinegar, or spices added to each bottle.

=French Beans.= See _above_.

=Garlic.= As ESCHALOTS.

=Gherkins.= From small cucumbers (not too young), steeped for a week in

very strong brine; this last is then poured off, heated to the boiling

point, and again poured on the fruit; the next day the gherkins are

drained on a sieve, wiped dry, put into bottles or jars with some spice

(ginger, pepper, or cayenne), and at once covered with strong pickling

vinegar, boiling hot. Several other pickles may be prepared in the same

way.

=Gooseberries.= From the green fruit, as either CABBAGE or CAULIFLOWERS.

=Indian Mango.= From green peaches. (See _below_.)

=Indian Pickle.= _Syn._ PICCALILLI. This is a mixed pickle which is

characterised by being highly flavoured with curry-powder, or turmeric,

mustard, and garlic. The following form is commonly used:——Take 1 hard

white cabbage (sliced), 2 cauliflowers (pulled to pieces), some French

beans, 1 stick of horseradish (sliced), about 2 dozen small white onions,

and 1 dozen gherkins; cover them with boiling brine; the next day drain

the whole on a sieve, put into a jar, and add, of curry-powder or

turmeric, 2 oz.; garlic, ginger, and mustard seed, of each 1 oz.;

capsicums, 1/2 oz.; fill up the vessel with hot pickling vinegar, bung it

up close, and let it stand for a month, with occasional agitation. See

MIXED PICKLES (_below_).

=Lemons.= From the fruit, slit half way down into quarters, and cored, put

into a dish, and sprinkled with a little salt; in about a week the whole

is placed in jars or bottles with a little turmeric and capsicums, and

covered with hot vinegar.

=Limes.= As the last.

=Mangoes.= As LEMONS, adding mustard seed and a little garlic, with spices

at will. ENGLISH MANGOES are made from cucumbers or small melons, split

and deprived of their seeds.

=Melons.= As LEMONS (nearly).

=Mixed Pickles.= From white cabbage, cauliflowers, French beans,

cucumbers, onions, or any other of the ordinary pickling vegetables, at

will (except red cabbage or walnuts) treated as GHERKINS; with raw ginger,

capsicum, mustard seed, and long pepper, for spice, added to each bottle.

A little coarsely bruised turmeric improves both the colour and flavour.

=Mushrooms.= From the small button mushrooms, cleansed with cold spring

water, and gently wiped dry with a towel, then placed in bottles, with a

blade or two of mace, and covered with the strongest white pickling

vinegar, boiling hot.

=Myrobalans.= The yellow myrobalan preserved in strong brine. Gently

aperient.

=Nasturtiums.= From the unripe or scarcely ripe fruit, simply covered with

cold strong vinegar; or, as CABBAGE or GHERKINS.

=Onions.= From the small button or filbert onion, deprived of the outer

coloured skin, and either at once put into bottles and covered with strong

white pickling vinegar, or previously steeped for a day or two in strong

brine or alum water. When required for early use, the vinegar should be

poured on boiling hot.

=Peaches.= From the scarcely ripe fruit, as GHERKINS.

=Peas.= As BEANS or CAULIFLOWERS.

=Piccalilli.= See INDIAN PICKLE.

=Radish Pods.= As BEANS or GHERKINS.

=Samphire.= From the perennial samphire (_Erythmum maritimum_), covered

with strong vinegar, to each pint of which 3/4 oz. of salt has been added,

and poured on boiling hot. Said to excite the appetite.

=Tomatoes.= From the common tomato or love apple, as GHERKINS.

=Walnuts.= From the young fruit of _Juglans regia_, or common walnut:——1.

Steep them in strong brine for a week, then bottle them, add spice, and

pour on the vinegar boiling hot.

2. On each pint of the nuts, spread on a dish, sprinkle 1 oz. of common

salt; expose them to the sun or a full light for 10 or 12 days, frequently

basting them with their own liquor; lastly, bottle them, and pour on the

vinegar, boiling hot.

3. (Dr Kitchener.) Gently simmer the fruit in brine, then expose it on a

cloth for a day or two, or until it turns black; next put it into bottles

or jars, pour hot spiced vinegar over it, and cork down immediately. In

this way the pickle becomes sufficiently mature for the table in half the

time required for that prepared by the common method. Dr Kitchener also

recommends this parboiling process for several other pickles. Some persons

pierce the fruit with an awl or stocking-needle, in several places, in

order to induce early maturation. The spices usually employed are mustard

seed, allspice, and ginger, with a little mace and garlic.

=PIC′OLINE.= An oily substance, discovered by Dr Anderson, associated with

aniline, chinoline, and some other volatile bases, in certain varieties of

coal-tar naphtha.

=PIC′RIC ACID.= HC_{6}H_{2}(NO_{2})_{3}O. _Syn._ CARBAZOTIC ACID,

NITROPHENISIC ACID, TRINITROPHENISIC ACID. A peculiar compound formed by

the action of strong nitric acid on indigo, aloes, wool, and several other

substances.

_Prep._ 1. Add, cautiously and gradually, 1 part of powdered indigo to 10

or 12 parts of hot nitric acid of the sp. gr. 1·43; when the reaction has

moderated and the scum has fallen, add an additional quantity of nitric

acid, and boil the whole until red fumes are no longer evolved; redissolve

the crystals of impure picric acid deposited in boiling distilled water,

and remove any oily matter found floating on the surface of the solution

by means of bibulous paper; a second time redissolve in boiling water the

crystals which form as the liquid cools, saturate the new solution with

carbonate of potassa, and set it aside to crystallise; the crystals of

picrate of potassium thus obtained must be purified by several

re-solutions and re-crystallisations, and next decomposed by nitric acid;

the crystals deposited as the liquid cools yield pure picric acid by again

dissolving them in boiling water, and re-crystallisation.

2. Dissolve the yellow resin of _Xanthorrhœa hastilis_ (Botany Bay Gum) in

a sufficiency of strong nitric acid. Red vapours are evolved, accompanied

by violent frothing, and a deep red solution is produced, which turns

yellow after boiling. Evaporate this solution over a water bath. A yellow

crystalline mass is deposited, which consists of picric acid with small

quantities of oxalic and nitrobenzoic acids. The picric acid is purified

by neutralising the yellow mass with potassa, and crystallising twice out

of water. The pure picrate of potassium thus obtained is decomposed by

hydrochloric acid, and the liberated picric acid is purified by two

crystallisations. This process, devised by Stenhouse, is one of the best,

and yields a quantity of the acid amounting to 50% of the resin employed.

_Prop., &c._ Brilliant yellow scales, scarcely soluble in cold water, but

very soluble in boiling water, and in alcohol and ether; fusible;

volatile; taste insupportably bitter, and very permanent. It forms salts

with the bases (picrates, carbazotates), mostly possessing a yellow

colour, and exploding when heated. The picrate of lead has been proposed

as a fulminating powder for percussion caps. The picrate of potassium has

been given with advantage in intermittent fevers. A solution of picric

acid in alcohol is an excellent test for potassa, if there be not too much

water present, as it throws down a yellow crystalline precipitate with

that alkali, but forms a very soluble salt with soda. Most of the picrates

may be made by the direct solution of the carbonate, hydrate, or oxide of

the metal, in a solution of the acid in hot water. The picrate of silver

forms beautiful starry groups of acicular crystals, having the colour and

lustre of gold.

The principal use of crude picric acid is for dyeing yellow. It is said to

be largely employed for the adulteration of beer. It is, however, highly

poisonous. According to Prof. Rapp, it acts deleteriously both when

swallowed and applied to the unsound skin. Five grains seriously affected

a large dog, and killed it within twenty-four hours. It induces vomiting,

feebleness, and general loss of nervous tone. The tissues of animals

poisoned by it (even the white of the eye) were tinged of a yellow colour.

See PORTER, &c.

=PICROTOX′IN.= C_{12}H_{14}O_{5}. _Syn._ PICROTOXINE, PICTROTOXIA,

PICROTOXINA. A poisonous principle discovered by Boullay in the fruit of

_Anamirta paniculata_, or _Cocculus indicus_.

_Prep._ 1. Precipitate a decoction of _Cocculus indicus_ with a solution

of acetate of lead, gently evaporate to dryness, redissolve the residuum

in alcohol of ·817, and crystallise by evaporation; repeat the solution

and crystallisation a second and a third time. Any adhering colour may be

removed by agitating it with a very little water; or by animal charcoal,

in the usual manner.

2. (Kane.) Alcoholic extract of _Cocculus indicus_ is exhausted with the

smallest possible quantity of water, and the mixed liquors filtered; to

the filtrate hydrochloric acid is added, and the whole set aside to

crystallise. The product may be purified as before.

_Prop., &c._ It forms small, colourless, stellated needles; soluble in

alcohol, ether, and acetic acid, and feebly so in water; boiling water

dissolves it freely; taste of solutions inexpressibly bitter; reaction

neutral. It does not combine with acids, as formerly asserted, but it

forms feeble combinations with some of the bases. It is a powerful

intoxicant and narcotico-acrid poison. It acts powerfully on the spinal

cord and nervous system generally, occasioning an increase of the animal

temperature, and peculiar movements, similar to those described by

Flourens as resulting from sections of the cerebellum. It is frequently

present in malt liquors, owing to their common adulteration with _Cocculus

indicus_.

=PICTURES, Oil.= To clean. See PAINTINGS, OIL.

=PIERRE DIVINE.= _Syn._ CUPRUM ALUMINATUM. See LAPIS DIVINUS.

=PIES.= Alexis Soyer gives the following instructions for making pies:——

To make a pie to perfection,——when your paste (half-puff or short) is

carefully made, and your dish or form properly full, throw a little flour

on your paste-board, take about a 1/4 lb. of your paste, which roll with

your hand until (say) an inch in circumference; then moisten the rim of

your pie-dish, and fix the paste equally on it with your thumb. When you

have rolled your paste for the covering, or upper crust, of an equal

thickness throughout, and in proportion to the contents of your pie (1/2

inch is about the average), fold the cover in two, lay it over one half of

your pie, and turn the other half over the remaining part; next press it

slightly with your thumb round the rim, cut neatly the rim of the paste,

form rather a thick edge, and mark this with a knife about every quarter

of an inch apart; observing to hold your knife in a slanting direction,

which gives it a neat appearance; lastly, make two small holes on the top,

and egg-over the whole with a paste-brush, or else use a little milk or

water. Any small portion of paste remaining may be shaped to fanciful

designs, and placed as ornaments on the top.

“For meat pies, observe that, if your paste is either too thick or too

thin, the covering too narrow or too short, and requires pulling one way

or the other, to make it fit, your pie is sure to be imperfect, the

covering no longer protecting the contents. It is the same with fruit; and

if the paste happens to be rather rich, it pulls the rim of the pie to the

dish, soddens the paste, makes it heavy, and, therefore, indigestible as

well as unpalatable.”

Meat pies require the addition of either cayenne, or black pepper, or

allspice; and fruit pies, of enough sugar to sweeten, with mace, ginger,

cloves, or lemon peel, according to taste and the substance operated on.

See PASTRY, &c.

=PIG.= The pig or hog (_Sus scrofa_——Linn.), one of the common

pachydermata, is now domesticated in all the temperate climates of the

world. Its flesh constitutes pork, bacon, ham, &c.; its fat (lard) is

officinal in the Pharmacopœias. The skin, bristles, and even the blood and

intestines of this animal, are either eaten as food or turned to some

useful purpose in the arts. See PORK, LEATHER, &c.

=PIG′MENTS.= These are noticed under the _respective colours_.

=PIG-STYE.= In order that a pig-stye may not become a nuisance and a

danger to health it is essential that the liquid excrement of the pig

should be carried off by means of an effective and well-covered drain, and

that the solid matters should be frequently removed.

Should it come to the knowledge of the sanitary inspector of the district

that a pig-stye is deficient in this particular, the inspector has power

to compel the owner of the stye to construct proper drainage.

Urban authorities have full powers in the matter of pig-styes, since under

section 26 of the Public Health Act it is enacted “that the owner of any

swine or pig-stye kept in a dwelling-house, or so as to be a nuisance to

any person, is liable to a penalty of 40_s._ or less, and to a further

penalty (if the offence is continued) of 5_s._ a day. The authority can

also, if they choose, abate the nuisance themselves, and recover the

expenses of such action from the occupier of the premises in a summary

manner.

A rural authority has power to deal with the matter under provision 3,

section 91, of the Public Health Act, which defines as a nuisance “any

animal so kept as to be a nuisance or injurious to health.”

=PIKE.= The _Esox lucius_ (Linn.), a fresh-water fish. It is remarkable

for its voracity, but is highly esteemed by epicures. Various parts of it

were formerly used in medicine. The fat (OLEUM LUCII PISCIS) was one of

the simples of the Ph. L. of 1618, and was esteemed as a friction in

catarrhs. It is even now used in some parts of Europe to disperse

opacities of the cornea.

=PIL′CHARD.= The _Clupea pilchardus_, a fish closely resembling the common

herring, than which, however, it is smaller, but thicker and rounder and

more oily. It abounds on the coasts of Devon and Cornwall, where it is not

only consumed as food, but pressed for its oil.

=PILES.= _Syn._ HEMORRHOIDS; HÆMORRHOIDES, L. A painful disease occasioned

by the morbid dilatations of the veins at the lower part of the rectum and

surrounding the anus.

Piles are principally occasioned by costiveness and cold; and,

occasionally, by the use of acrid food. They have been distinguished

into——BLIND PILES, or a varicose state of the veins without

bleeding,——MUCOUS PILES, when the tumours are excoriated, and mucus or pus

is discharged,——BLEEDING PILES, when accompanied with loss of blood,

and——EXCRESCENTIAL PILES, when there are loose fleshy excrescences about

the verge of the anus and within the rectum.

The treatment of piles consists in the administration of mild aperients,

as castor oil, or an electuary of sulphur and cream of tartar. When there

is much inflammation or bleeding, cold and astringent lotions, as those of

sulphate of zinc or alum, should be applied; and when the pain is

considerable, fomentations of decoction of poppy heads may be used with

advantage. To arrest the bleeding, ice is also frequently applied, but

continued pressure is more certain. When the tumours are large and

flaccid, the compound ointment of galls is an excellent application; and

if there is a tendency to inflammation, a little liquor of diacetate of

lead may be added. In confirmed piles the internal use of copaiba, or,

still better, of the confection of black pepper, should be persevered in

for some time, together with local applications. In severe cases the

protruded tumours are removed by surgeons, by the knife or ligature. See

OINTMENTS, ELECTUARIES, &c.

=PILL COCHIA.= See COMPOUND COLOCYNTH PILLS (_below_).

=PILL RUFI.= See PILLS OF ALOES WITH MYRRH (_below_).

=PILLS.= _Syn._ PILULÆ (Ph. E. & D.), PILULA (Ph. L.), L.; PILULES,

SACCHAROLÉS SOLIDES, Fr. Pills are little balls, of a semi-solid

consistence, composed of various medicinal substances, and intended to be

taken whole. The facility with which they are made and administered, their

comparatively little taste, their power of preserving their properties for

a considerable length of time, and, lastly, their portability and

inexpensiveness, have long rendered them the most frequently employed and

the most popular form of medicine.

The rapid and skilful preparation of pills, from all the numerous

substances of which they are composed, is justly considered to demand the

highest qualifications in the practical dispenser. The medicinals employed

must be made into a consistent and moderately firm mass, sufficiently

plastic to be rolled or moulded into any shape, without adhering to the

fingers, knife, or slab, and yet sufficiently solid to retain the globular

form when divided into pills. A few substances, as certain extracts, &c.,

are already in this condition; but the others require the use of an

excipient to give them the requisite bulk or consistence. As a general

rule, all the constituents of a pill which can be pulverised should be

reduced to fine powder before mixing them with the soft ingredients which

enter into its composition; and these last, or the excipient, should next

be gradually added, and the mixture triturated and beaten until the whole

forms a perfectly homogeneous mass. It is then ready to be divided into

pills. This is effected by rolling it on a slab, with a pill or bolus

knife, into small pipes or cylinders, then dividing these into pieces of

the requisite weight; and, lastly, rolling them between the thumb and

finger to give them a globular form. A little powdered liquorice-root or

starch is commonly employed to prevent the pills adhering to the fingers,

or to each other, after they are made. Magnesia, so frequently used for

this purpose, is unsuited for pills containing metallic salts or the

alkaloids, or other remedies, which are exhibited in very small doses.

Instead of forming the mass into pills by hand, in the manner just

referred to, a convenient and simple instrument, called a ‘pill-machine,’

is now generally used by the druggists for the purpose. This consists of

two pieces. The first (see fig. 1) is divided into three

compartments:——_c_ is a vacant space to receive the divided mass, which is

to be rolled into pills:——_b_ is a grooved brass plate, which assists in

dividing the mass into pills; and _a_ is a box for containing the powder

for covering the pills, and to receive them as they are formed. The

second (see fig. 2) consists of a brass plate (_a_), grooved to match the

plate _b_ in fig. 1, and bounded at both ends by movable projecting plates

(_b_ _b_), containing each two wheels under the ledge of the plate (_b_);

and a wooden back (_c_), with two handles (_d_ _d_), to which this plate

is affixed. In using this machine, the pill-mass is rolled into a

cylindrical form on the front part of it, by means of fig. 2 inverted; the

small roll is then laid on the cutting part of the instrument (1, _b_),

and divided by passing fig. 2 over it, the little wheels enabling the

latter to run easily on the brass plate which forms the margin of the bed

of the machine. The pills, thus formed, are then drawn forward on to the

smooth bed on which the mass was first rolled, and receiving a finishing

turn or two with the smooth side of the ‘cutter,’ by which they are

rendered more nearly spherical. They are, lastly, thrown over into 1, _c_,

ready to be transferred to the pill-box.

[Illustration: FIG. 1 and FIG. 2.]

The nature of the excipient should be suited to that of the active

ingredients in pills, as well as in all other forms of medicine.

Furthermore, it should be of such a nature “that,” to quote Dr Redwood,

“it will modify as little as possible the action of the pills, either by

causing them to become hard, or in any other way, and will not

unnecessarily or inconveniently increase their size.” Soft extracts, and

other substances of a like character, may be rendered more consistent by

the addition of any simple powder, as that of liquorice or sugar.

Vegetable powders are generally beaten up with syrup or treacle, and heavy

powders with conserve of roses or extract of liquorice. Castile soap (made

of olive oil and soda) and medicinal soft soap (made of olive oil and

potash) are commonly employed for fatty and resinous matters, as well as

for many others which are not decomposed by alkalies. When the chief

ingredient of the mass is resin, rectified spirit is frequently used to

soften it, either with or without the addition of soap to increase its

solubility in the stomach. For many substances no excipient is required.

Thus, most of the gum-resins and stiff extracts may be at once made into

pills, or, at all events, after being slightly softened by heat. Mucilage,

formerly so much used in the preparation of pills, is now only employed

for those which are to be taken within a day or two after being made; as

pills containing it become so hard and insoluble when kept for some time

as to resist the action of the stomach, and frequently to pass through the

bowels without even losing their form. Glycerin, as well as a mixture of

glycerin and tragacanth made into a paste of proper consistence, are also

employed as pill-excipients.

The use of glycerin as a pill-excipient has been advocated on account of

its generally neutral properties, and also because its substitution for

syrup, the conserves of roses, treacle, and such like substances, results

in the production of a pill of smaller bulk. It seems to be suited for

pills containing chemical substances, such as quinine, tannic acid, &c. It

is said, however, to possess the disadvantage of making the pills moist on

their surfaces. To obviate as much as possible this inconvenience, and to

provide an absorbent for the superfluous moisture, Mr Martendale, an

experienced pharmacist, recommends the employment of a mixture of glycerin

and flour, of which he writes as follows:——“By stirring constantly and

heating together until a temperature of about 240° F. is reached, 5 parts

of glycerin by weight, and 1 part of flour, a firm adhesive paste is

formed, which I shall call glycerin mass. As an excipient for vegetable

powder it answers well, and for other substances on which it can exert a

partially solvent action it is eminently useful. Among these are such

salts as valerianate of zinc, 4 gr., which with 1 of the glycerin mass

forms a good pill.

Quinine, 3 parts, with 1 of the glycerin mass, P. B. strength, works well.

Compound powder of ipecacuanha, 5 gr., with 3/4 gr. of the mass, makes a

good pill. Oxide of zinc, too, 4 gr. with 1, makes a good mass.

But for most mineral and insoluble powders it is too moist, and will not

form with them a firm mass; some additional absorbent is necessary, and

for this purpose I found nothing better than flour; equal parts of the

glycerin mass and flour form a tolerably firm, solid, adhesive paste,

somewhat resembling dough, but it is not so elastic; this I call bread

mass. It possesses great capacity for the absorption of insoluble powders,

such, for example, as calomel (3 gr. with 1-1/2 gr. of this mass makes a

good pill), nitrate and carbonate of bismuth, arsenic, &c. Of reduced

iron, 3 parts with 2 of it, form a good mass, in which the iron is not

liable to oxidation. Carbolic acid, too, of which it is a good solvent, is

readily made into a pill with the bread mass, a little additional flour

being necessary for this substance. Then again, substances which are given

in minute doses, as the salts of morphia, resin of podophyllum, and other

active principles to partially dilute their action, or where an excipient

is needed to partially increase the bulk of the pill, it is well adapted

for use. And among the official pill masses an equal quantity of it can

with great advantage be used to supplant confection of roses in all these,

with the exception of pilula aloes cum ferro, for which the glycerin

masses is needed, and pilula ferri carbonatis. This, too, requires the

glycerin mass, with which it mixes well, but after a time the pills have a

tendency to become moist. Mercurial pill I have not tried with it. The

same quantity of this bread mass will replace the treacle in pilula scillæ

composita. Equal parts of it and powdered soap, in place of powdered soap

alone (if this might be permitted), form a much better mass than the

official one of pilula saponis composita.

This pill mass, made strictly according to the Pharmacopœia, soon becomes

set into a condition resembling a piece of soap, in which state much

beating is necessary to make it again plastic.

Of the glycerin mass to be added to the Pharmacopœia quantities of——

Pil. cambogiæ comp. (_vice_ syrup), 1 oz., makes a good mass.

Pil. colocynth comp. (_vice_ water), 3 dr., makes a good mass, and does

not get so hard.

Pil. hydrarg. subchlor. comp. (_vice_ castor oil), 1-1/2 oz., makes a good

mass, but becomes slightly moist.

Pil. ipecac. cum scilla (_vice_ treacle), 1 oz., makes a good mass, which

does not crumble.

Pil. rhei comp. (_vice_ 4 oz. of treacle), 2 oz., makes a good mass, and

keeps tolerably plastic.

Among the other official pill masses which I have not tried with these

excipients are pilula colocynthidis et hyoscyamic and pilula conii

composita. These I find do not generally require any excipient, and pilula

ferri iodidi, the starch contained in the flour, with that would not form

an elegant preparation.

_Nitrate of silver_ is generally recommended in works on materia medica to

be made into a pill with bread crumb, but this contains common salt, with

which it is incompatible. I recommend the following formula, which is a

modification of the bread mass:——

℞ Nitrate of silver 6 gr.

Distilled water 6 minims.

Dissolve, and add——

Glycerin mass 12 gr.

Flour 24 gr.

Mix to form a mass which may be divided into 2 gr. pills, each containing

1/4 gr. of nitrate of silver. The mass rolls out well. Keep them from

exposure to the air and light.

For _Perchloride of Mercury_ Pills:——

℞ Perchloride of mercury 6 gr.

Distilled water 48 minims.

Heat in a test-tube till dissolved, and add to it——

Glycerin mass 48 gr.

Flour 96 ”

Mix well, and divide into 96 2-gr. pills, each of which will contain a

sixteenth of a grain of perchloride of mercury.

Substances like nitrate of silver and perchloride of mercury may form

different combinations with the albuminoid principles contained in the

flour, but in such state they will probably be quite as readily

assimilated, and have a similar medicinal action, as physiologists affirm

that most metallic substances enter into the blood as albuminates. I have

had some fear lest the gluten contained in the flour might favour some

decomposition similar to fermentation, but such, from nearly two years’

use of them, I have never yet seen take place; the glycerin seems to check

anything of the kind.

The crude gluten obtained in the moist condition from flour I find is

nearly entirely soluble in glycerin, the solution does not appear to

undergo any change when kept.

A mixture of glycerin and tragacanth is often used, and produces very

similar results to those I have obtained from the glycerin mass. I have

not had much experience with such a mixture, but I find it makes a more

elastic paste, which is often a disadvantage, as it causes the pills to

have a certain amount of springiness, and renders them difficult to form

perfectly globular.

For dried sulphate of iron, of which a large quantity is sometimes ordered

in a pill, I find syrup the best excipient. By this means 5 grains of this

can be thus made into a pill.[106]

[Footnote 106: ‘Pharmaceutical Year Book.’]

It may be further remarked, that no deliquescent salt should enter into

the composition of pills not intended for immediate use; and that when

efflorescent salts are so employed they should be first freed from their

water of crystallisation.

When the mixed ingredients are made into a mass (pill-mass), which it is

not intended at once to divide into pills, it should be preserved in a

piece of bladder or gut-skin placed in a covered stoneware or earthenware

pot. In this state it may be occasionally moistened with a little weak

spirit to prevent its getting hard.

The weight (size) of pills varies from 1/2 gr. to 6 gr. If heavier than

this, they are called ‘boluses.’ Formerly, as a general rule, they were

made of 5 gr. each; but pills of this weight are, in general, so large

that some persons find a difficulty in swallowing them. Another

disadvantage of large pills is the trouble of nicely apportioning the

dose,——one pill being, perhaps, too small a quantity, and two pills the

reverse. Hence, 2 to 3-gr. pills are now the favourite size with both

pill-takers and dispensers, notwithstanding that 5-gr. pills are still

ordered in one of the authorised Pharmacopœias.

Pills are occasionally coated with gold, silver, and other substances, to

render them more agreeable to the eye, or to prevent the taste of nauseous

ingredients affecting the palate during deglutition. They are gilded and

silvered by placing them, in the moist state, on a leaf or two of the

metal in a small gallipot, and covering them in a similar manner with

another leaf of metal; over the mouth of the gallipot is laid a piece of

smooth writing paper, and on this the palm of the hand; a sudden and rapid

circular motion is then given to the whole. If the pills are not

sufficiently moist or sticky, they should be rendered so by rolling them

between the fingers very slightly moistened with mucilage, before

proceeding to silver them. Another method is to shake them in a similar

manner with a little gold or silver dust.

Mr Haselden recommends a varnish composed as follows:——Resin[107] of tolu,

3 parts; rectified spirit, 6 parts; methylated ether, 2 parts. Well shake

until all that will is dissolved. Use the clear solution. Mr Hasleden says

iodide of iron pills are well preserved by this coating, and also granules

of secale cornutum.

[Footnote 107: This is the substance which is left in the preparation of

syrup of tolu.]

When pills are to be covered with gelatin, each pill, being stuck on the

point of a very thin wire four or five inches in length, is dipped into a

solution of gelatin, so as to coat it completely, and the wire is then

inserted into a pin-cushion, or a vessel containing fine sand, and left

until the gelatin is firm, which occurs in about a quarter of an hour; the

pins may then be easily removed by simply warming them, by placing the

centre of each wire for a second or two in the flame of a spirit lamp or

candle. ‘Sugar-coated pills’ are prepared in nearly the same way, but

substituting hot and highly concentrated syrup, to which a little gelatin

has been added, for a simple solution of gelatin.

The following details for coating pills with sugar are taken from the

‘Chemist and Druggist,’[108]——“The pills are first varnished with the

following liquids——

[Footnote 108: Dec. 15th, 1871.]

Ether 100 parts.

Bals. tolu 10 ”

Colophonium 1 ”

Absolute alcohol 10 ”

“By first rolling them in a mortar with this ethereal solution, and then

transferring to a sheet of writing paper with the sides bent upwards,

shaking being continued till they are perfectly dry. Then to a small

quantity of the saccharated albumen (see next recipe) add a few drops of

water, at the same time beating for a short while, so that a thick paste

will be formed. Into this mass the pills are stirred, and when moistened

on all sides, quickly poured into a wooden pill-box, which has been

previously filled about one third with the finest powdered sugar

obtainable, and immediately shaken, or rather rolled in a lively way with

great force, separating from time to time those cohering. When no more

sugar will adhere they are dried over a gentle fire, taking care not to

bring them too near the stove lest they should crack. Shaking, of course,

must be continued till dryness is effected.”

=Albumen cum Saccharo.= Take the white of an egg, and in an evaporating

dish beat with it as much powdered sugar, passed through a very fine

sieve, as will make rather a thick fluid. Then place it in a water bath

and evaporate to dryness, stirring constantly, that no sugar may be

deposited. Pulverise and set aside for further use.

M. Durden covers pills with collodion. Others have recommended for this

purpose a solution of gutta percha in either chloroform or bisulphide of

carbon. The ready solubility in the stomach of pills thus covered has,

with justice, been questioned. Gelatin, or, still better, gelatin mixed

with a little sugar, is unexceptionable in this respect; whilst it

undoubtedly excludes the taste of nauseous medicines more effectually than

any other substance. Mr Furley employs a thin coating of albumen to render

pills tasteless.

As pill-masses are likely to get hard and brittle by keeping, an excellent

plan is to keep the dry ingredients powdered and mixed together in

well-corked bottles or jars, when a portion may at any time be beaten up

with syrup, conserve, soap, &c.; according to the formula, and as wanted

for use. The mixed ingredients in this state are technically known as

‘species’ or ‘powder’ for the respective pills.

“It is generally said that pills should be taken on an empty stomach, and

at a considerable distance from a meal; but for ourselves we think that it

is nearly always better to take them during a meal; first, because the

stomach does not then find itself immediately under the influence of

substances which, if not always dangerous, seldom fail to act more or less

disagreeably; secondly, because its absorbent action is more certain; and,

lastly, because they are then taken more easily.” (Trousseau and Reveil.)

The meal here referred to should be a light one, from which acidulous and

other substances likely to interfere with the action of the remedy should

be excluded. The dose should also be increased.

In the London Pharmacopœia the singular number (‘pilula’) is now very

properly employed to express the names of the officinal pill-masses; but

in the other Pharmacopœias the names are given in the plural form. As the

latter is almost universally adopted in speaking of magistral formulæ and

nostrums, we have used it in all cases, for the sake of uniformity and

for ease of reference. See BOLUS EXTRACT, PRESCRIBING, and _below_.

=Pills, Abernethy’s.= See ABERNETHY MEDICINES (page 6).

=Pills of Ac′etate of Lead.= _Syn._ PILULÆ PLUMBI ACETATIS, L. _Prep._ 1.

Acetate of lead, 20 gr.; powdered camphor, 15 gr.; conserve of roses,

q. s.; mix and divide into 12 pills.

2. (Radius.) Acetate of lead and powdered mallow or liquorice root, of

each 1/2 dr.; simple syrup, q. s.; divide into 18 pills.——_Dose_, 1 to 5

daily, washed down with water soured with vinegar; as a powerful

astringent in hæmorrhages, diarrhœa, the night-sweats in phthisis, &c. See

OPIATED LEAD PILLS.

=Pills of Acetate of Mercury.= _Syn._ PILULÆ HYDRARGYRI ACETATIS, L.

_Prep._ 1. Subacetate of mercury, 18 gr.; sugar of milk (or manna), 1 dr.;

mucilage, q. s.; divide into 24 pills.——_Dose._ As an alterative, 1 daily;

as a sialogogue, 1 every four or five hours, or oftener; in syphilis, &c.

See KEYSER’S PILLS.

3. (Opiated——Carmichael.) Acetate of mercury, camphor, and opium, of each

30 gr.; syrup of poppies to mix. For 30 pills. Less apt to affect the

stomach and bowels than the last.

=Pills of Acetate of Mor′phia.= _Syn._ PILULÆ MORPHIÆ ACETATIS, L. _Prep._

1. Acetate of morphia, 2 gr.; sugar of milk, 15 gr.; conserve of roses, 20

gr.; for 12 pills. Anodyne, sedative, and soporific.——_Dose._ One, as

required.

2. (Dr A. T. Thomson.) Acetate of morphia, 1 gr.; powdered foxglove, 6

gr.; powdered camphor, 10 gr.; powdered gum Arabic, 8 gr.; syrup of tolu,

q. s.; to be divided into 6 pills. Sedative and antispasmodic.——_Dose._

One, every 3 or 4 hours; in phthisis, palpitations, spasms, &c. The

hydrochlorate of morphia may be used instead of the acetate, with

advantage.

=Pills of Ac′onite.= _Syn._ PILULÆ ACONITI, P. EXTRACTI A., L. _Prep._ (Dr

Turnbull.) Alcoholic extract of aconite, 1 gr.; liquorice powder, 12 gr.;

simple syrup, q. s.; mix, and divide the mass into 6 pills.——_Dose._ One

pill, every 3 or 4 hours; as a powerful anodyne and sedative in excessive

action of the heart, acute rheumatism, gout, neuralgia, &c. The utmost

care should be taken both in their preparation and administration.

=Pills, Alibert’s.= See PILLS, APERIENT.

=Pills of Aloes.= _Syn._ PILULA ALOES SOCOTRINÆ (B. P.), PILULÆ ALOETICÆ,

PILULÆ ALOËS (Ph. E.), L. _Prep._ 1. (Ph. E.) Socotrine aloes (in powder)

and Castile soap, equal parts; conserve of red roses, q. s. to form a

pill-mass.

2. (Ph. U. S.) Powdered aloes and Castile soap, equal parts, beat into a

mass, and divided into 4-gr. pills.

3. (B. P.) PILULA ALOES BARBADENSIS. _Prep._ Barbadoes aloes, in powder, 2

oz.; hard soap, in powder, 1 oz.; oil of caraway, 1 fluid dr.; confection

of roses, 1 oz. Beat all together until thoroughly mixed.

_Obs._ “This pill may be also correctly made with the finer qualities of

East Indian aloes, as the (true) Socotrine variety is very scarce; and

many, not without reason, prefer (pure) Barbadoes aloes.” (Ph. E.) The

dose, as a laxative, is 5 to 10 gr.; as a purgative, 12 to 20 gr., or

more. See PILLS OF ALOES AND SOAP.

=Pills of Aloes and Assafœtida.= _Syn._ PILULÆ ALOËS ET ASSAFŒTIDA (B.

P.). _Prep._ Socotrine aloes, in powder, 1; assafœtida, 1; powdered hard

soap, 1; confection of roses, 1 (1/4 confection sufficient——Squire). Mix.

Cathartic and antispasmodic.——_Dose_, 5 to 10 gr.

=Pills of Aloes (Compound).= _Syn._ PILULÆ ALOETICÆ COMPOSITÆ, PILULA

ALOËS COMPOSITA (Ph. L.), PILULÆ A. COMPOSITÆ (Ph. D.), L. _Prep._ 1. (Ph.

L.) Socotrine aloes (in powder), 1 oz.; extract of gentian, 1/4 oz.; oil

of caraway, 40 drops; treacle, q. s.; the whole to be beaten together

until they form a mass proper for making pills.

2. (Ph. D.) Hepatic aloes (in powder), 2 oz.; extract of gentian and

treacle, of each 1 oz.; oil of caraway, 1 fl. dr.; as the last.

_Obs._ The above is a very valuable purgative in habitual costiveness and

indigestion, in all cases in which the use of aloes is not

contra-indicated. The dose is from 5 to 15 gr., or more.

=Pills of Aloes (Diluted).= _Syn._ PILULÆ ALOËS DILUTÆ, L. _Prep._ 1. (Dr

Marshall Hall.) Barbadoes aloes, Castile soap, extract of liquorice, and

treacle, equal parts; water, q. s.; dissolve, with heat, strain, and

evaporate to the consistence of a pill-mass. Resembles the PILULA ALOËS

CUM SAPONE——Ph. L.

=Pills of Aloes and Assafœti′da.= _Syn._ PILULÆ ALOËS ET ASSAFŒTIDA (Ph.

E.), L. _Prep._ (Ph. E.) Aloes (Socotrine or East Indian, powdered),

assafœtida, and Castile soap, equal parts; beat them with conserve of red

roses to a proper pill-mass.——_Dose_, 5 to 10 gr., once or twice daily, as

a stomachic tonic and laxative, in dyspepsia, flatulence, &c.; and 12 to

20 gr., as a purgative in similar cases. It is extremely useful in

costiveness, with flatulency, occurring in hysterical and hypochondriacal

subjects. The B. P. preparation is the same as this, except that hard soap

is used instead of Castile soap.

=Pills of Aloes and Gin′ger.= _Syn._ PILULÆ ALOËS ET ZINGIBERIS, L.

_Prep._ (Ph. D. 1826.) Aloes, 1 oz.; Castile soap, 1/2 oz.; ginger, 1 dr.;

oil of peppermint, 1/2 dr.; beaten to a mass. A useful laxative in cold

habits.——_Dose._ As the last.

=Pills of Aloes and Ipecac′uanha.= _Syn._ DR BAILLIE’S DINNER PILLS;

PILULÆ ALOËS ET IPECACUANHÆ, L. _Prep._ (Dr Baillie.) Powdered aloes, 30

gr.; powdered ginger (finest), 45 gr.; ipecacuanha, 12 gr.; syrup of

orange peel, q. s. to mix. For 24 pills.——_Dose._ One, about an hour

before dinner.

=Pills of Aloes and I′ron.= _Syn._ PILULÆ ALOËS ET FERRI (Ph. E.), L.

_Prep._ 1. (B. P.) Barbadoes aloes, 2; sulphate of iron, 1-1/2; compound

powder of cinnamon, 3; confection of roses, 4; mix (6 of confection

required——Squire).——_Dose_, 5 to 10 gr.

2. (Ph. E.) Sulphate of iron, 3 parts; Barbadoes aloes, 2 parts; aromatic

powder, 6 parts; conserve of red roses, 8 parts; powder the aloes and

sulphate of iron separately, beat the whole to a mass, and divide this

into 5-gr. pills. An excellent medicine in chlorosis, hysteria, and atonic

amenorrhœa.——_Dose_, 1 to 3 pills daily.

=Pills of Aloes and Mas′tic.= See PILLS, DINNER.

=Pills of Aloes and Mer′cury.= _Syn._ PILULÆ ALOËS CUM HYDRARGYRO, L. See

PILLS, APERIENT (8).

=Pills of Aloes and Myrrh.= _Syn._ RUFUS’S PILLS; PILULA ALOËS CUM MYRRHÂ

(Ph. L. & D.), PILULÆ RUFI or COMMUNES (Ph. L. 1720), P. ALOËS ET MYRRHÆ

(B. P., Ph. E.), L. _Prep._ 1. (Ph. L.) Socotrine or hepatic aloes (in

powder, 1/2 oz.; saffron, myrrh powdered), and soft soap (Ph. L.), of each

2 dr.; treacle, q. s. to form a pill-mass.

2. (Ph. D.) Hepatic aloes, 2 oz.; myrrh, 1 oz.; dried saffron, 1/2 oz.;

all in powder; treacle, 2-1/2 oz.

3. (Ph. E.) Aloes (Socotrine or East Indian), 4 parts; myrrh, 2 parts;

saffron, 1 part; beat them to a pill-mass with conserve of red roses,

q. s.

4. (Ph. L. 1836 and Ph. D. 1826.) Aloes (in powder), 2 oz.; saffron and

powdered myrrh, of each 1 oz.; syrup, q. s. to form a pill-mass.

5. (B. P.) Socotrine aloes, 2; myrrh, 1; dried saffron, 1/2; confection of

roses, 2-1/2 (3 are required——_Squire_). Mix. Stimulant and

cathartic.——_Dose_, 5 to 10 gr.

_Obs._ This compound is a most excellent stomachic purgative and

emmenagogue, when there are no febrile symptoms present. It is said to

have been employed ever since the time of Rhazes, and is still in

extensive use.——_Dose_, 10 to 20 gr.

=Pills of Aloes and Rhu′barb.= _Syn._ PILULÆ ALOËS ET RHEI, P. R. CUM

RHEO, L. _Prep._ Powdered Socotrine or hepatic aloes, powdered rhubarb,

and soft soap (Ph. L.), of each 1/2 dr.; oil of chamomile, 10 drops; for

30 pills.——_Dose_, 1 to 5, either as a stomach tonic or laxative;

especially in dyspepsia, with loss of appetite.

=Pills of Aloes and Rose-juice.= _Syn._ PILULÆ ALOËS ROSATÆ, L.; PILULES

ANGELIQUES, GRAINS DE SANTÉ, Fr. _Prep._ Take aloes and rose juice, of

each 4 oz.; juice of borage and chicory, of each 2 oz.; dissolve with

heat, evaporate to an extract; add, of rhubarb, 2 dr.; agaric, 1 dr.; and

divide the mass into 1-1/2-gr. pills.——_Dose_, 4 to 12, as a purge.

=Pills of Aloes with Soap.= _Syn._ PILULÆ ALOËS CUM SAPONE (Ph. L.), L.

_Prep._ (Ph. L.) Powdered extract of Barbadoes aloes, soft soap, and

extract of liquorice, equal parts; treacle, q. s. to form a

pill-mass.——_Dose_, 10 to 20 gr.; in the usual cases in which aloes is

administered. It is more readily soluble in the juices of the primæ viæ,

and is milder than most of the aloetic pills without soap. See PILLS OF

ALOES (Diluted).

=Pills, Aloes and Turpentine.= (Bois.) _Syn._ PILULÆ ALOES ET

TEREBINTHINÆ. _Prep._ Boiled turpentine, 2 dr.; aloes, 1/2 dr. Divide into

40 pills.

=Pills, Al′terative.= _Syn._ PILULÆ ALTERANTES, L. See PILLS, CALOMEL,

MERCURIAL, and PLUMMER’S, &c.

=Pills of Al′um.= _Syn._ PILULÆ ALUMINIS, P. A. COMPOSITÆ, L. _Prep._ 1.

(Augustin.) Alum, 20 gr.; benzoic acid, 6 gr.; powdered gum and white

sugar, of each 10 gr.; water, q. s. to form a mass. For 36 pills. In

phthisis and atonic mucous discharges. The whole to be taken in the course

of 2 or 3 days.

2. (Capuron.) Catechu, 1 dr.; alum, 1/2 dr.; opium, 10 gr.; syrup of red

roses, q. s.; divide into 5-gr. pills.——_Dose_, 1 to 3; in chronic

diarrhœa and leucorrhœa.

3. (Radius.) Alum and catechu, equal parts; extract of gentian, q. s. to

mix; divide into 2 or 3-gr. pills.——_Dose_, 2 to 4, every four hours; in

passive hæmorrhages, mucous discharges, and chronic diarrhœa.

=Pills of Ammoni′acum.= _Syn._ PILULÆ AMMONIACI, L. _Prep._ 1. Gum

ammoniacum, 1 dr.; powdered sugar, 1/2 dr.; conserve of hips, q. s. In old

coughs and hysterical affections.

2. (Compound.)——_a._ (Ainslie.) Ammoniacum, 1 dr.; mercurial pill, 15 gr.;

powdered squills, 6 or 8 gr.; simple syrup, q. s. For 16 pills. In

asthmatic coughs, with deranged action of the liver.——_Dose._ One, 2 or 3

times a day.

_b._ (W. Cooley.) Ammoniacum and sagapenum, of each 1 dr.; dried sulphate

of iron, 1/2 dr.; conserve of hips, q. s. In obstructed menstruation, and

in the chronic diarrhœa of hysterical subjects.

=Pills of Ammo′′niated Cop′per.= _Syn._ PILULÆ CUPRI AMMONIATI (Ph. E.),

P. C. AMMONIURETI, L. _Prep._ (Ph. E.) Ammoniated copper (in fine powder),

1 part; bread-crum, 6 parts; solution of carbonate of ammonia, q. s. to

make a mass, which is to be divided so that each pill may contain 1/2 gr.

of ammoniated copper. In epilepsy, and in some other spasmodic

diseases.——_Dose_, 1 pill, night and morning, gradually increased to 5 or

6.

=Pills of Ammoniated I′ron.= _Syn._ PILULÆ FERRI AMMONIATI, P. F.

AMMONIO-CHLORIDI, L. _Prep._ 1. (Dr. Copland.) Ammoniated iron, 1 dr.;

aloes and extract of gentian, of each 1/2 dr.; for 30 pills. In scrofula,

chlorosis, amenorrhœa, &c.

2. (Radius.) Ammoniated iron and galbanum, of each 1 dr.; assafœtida, 2

dr.; castor, 20 gr.; tincture of valerian, q. s. For 3-gr. pills.——_Dose_,

2 pills, night and morning; in atonic nervous disorders, epilepsy, &c.

=Pills of Ammo′′nio-cit′rate of Iron.= _Syn._ PILULÆ FERRI

AMMONIO-CITRATATIS, L. _Prep._ (Beral.) Ammonio-citrate of iron, 1 dr.;

white sugar, 3 dr.; mucilage, q. s. to mix. For 3-gr. pills.——_Dose_, 1 to

3, or more; as a mild chalybeate tonic.

=Pills, Analep′tic.= See PILLS, JAMES’, ANALEPTIC, &c.

=Pills, Anderson’s Scot’s.= Various formulæ for these pills are extant,

the products of which differ widely from the genuine article. Dr Paris,

some years since, declared that they consisted of Barbadoes aloes, jalap,

and oil of aniseed. “A careful examination of the proprietary article,

with other facts that have come to our knowledge, leads us to believe that

the first of the following formulæ is the one now employed in the

preparation of the ‘Grana Angelica,’ or ‘Anderson’s True Scot’s Pills,’ of

the present day.” (Cooley.)

_Prep._ 1. From Barbadoes aloes, 7 lbs.; jalap (in fine powder), 2-1/4

lbs.; treacle, 1/2 lb.; soap, 6 oz.; melted together by the heat of a warm

bath, and, when partly cold, aromatised by stirring in of oil of aniseed,

1 oz. The mass is divided into about 3-1/2-gr. pills, of which 26 or 27

are placed in each 1_s._ 1-1/2_d._ box. A mild and useful

aperient.——_Dose_, 5 to 15 gr., or more.

2. (Original formula.) Socotrine aloes, 1 oz.; best myrrh, 1/4 oz.;

saffron, 1 dr.; separately pounded very fine; mix them, in an earthen

pipkin, with a spoonful each of water and sweet oil, by the heat of a slow

fire, and form the mass into “common-sized pills.” From a copy of the

original document in the Chapel of the Rolls.

3. (P. Cod.) Aloes and gamboge, of each 6 dr.; oil of aniseed, 1 dr.;

syrup, q. s.; mix, and divide into 4-gr. pills. Much more powerful than

the preceding, and closely resembling Morison’s ‘No. 2 pills.’

4. (Phil. Coll. of Pharm.) Barbadoes aloes (in powder), 3 lbs., Castile

soap, 1/2 lb.; colocynth and gamboge (both in fine powder), 2 oz.; oil of

aniseed, 1 oz.; beat to a mass with water, q. s., and divide it into 3-gr.

pills. Less active than the last, but more so than the ‘True Scot’s

Pills.’

=Pills, An′odyne.= _Syn._ PILULÆ ANODYNÆ, L. _Prep._ 1. (Hosp. F.) Opium

(in powder), 6 gr.; camphor, 15 gr.; conserve of roses, q. s.; divide into

12 pills.——_Dose_, 1 to 3, as required.

2. (A. T. Thomson.) Calomel, potassio-tartrate of antimony, and opium,

equal parts; syrup of saffron, q. s.; divided in 3-1/2-gr. pills. In acute

rheumatism and neuralgia.——_Dose_, 1 pill, at bedtime.

=Pills, Antibil′ious.= All the ordinary aperient and stomachic pills may

be classed under this head. See the names of their proprietors or reputed

inventors, or those of their leading ingredients.

=Pills Antichlorot′ic.= _Syn._ PILULÆ ANTICHLOROTICÆ, L. _Prep._ 1.

(Radius.) Aloes and carbonate of iron, of each 1/2 dr.; gum ammoniacum, 1

dr.; extract of taraxacum, q. s. For 3-gr. pills.——_Dose_, 2 to 6, night

and morning; in chlorosis, amenorrhœa, &c.

2. (Trousseau & Reveil.) Porphyrised iron filings, 1 dr.; extract of

wormwood, q. s. For 36 pills.——_Dose_, 3 or 4; as the last.

=Pills, Antimonial (Compound).= _Syn._ PILULÆ ANTIMONIALIS COMPOSITÆ, P.

ANTIMONII CO., L. _Prep._ 1. Antimonial powder, 1/2 dr.; calomel, camphor,

and powdered opium, of each 6 gr.; conserve of roses, q. s.; divide into

4-gr. pills.——_Dose_, 2, at night; in acute rheumatism, neuralgia, chronic

coughs, &c.

2. (St B. Hosp.) Tartar emetic, 1 gr.; guaiacum and pill of aloes and

myrrh, of each 1/2 dr.; treacle, to mix. For 16 pills. As the last.

=Pills, Antispasmod′ic.= _Syn._ PILULÆ ANTISPASMODICÆ, L. _Prep._ (Dr A.

T. Thomson.) Opium, 1 gr.; Russian castor, 13 gr.; powdered digitalis, 2

gr.; syrup, to mix; divide into 4 pills.——_Dose_, 1 or 2, two or three

times a day; in spasmodic asthma, difficulty of breathing, &c. Several

other formulæ for antispasmodic pills will be found both above and below.

2. (Trousseau & Reveil.) Musk, 15 gr.; extract of valerian, 1/2 dr.;

liquorice powder, q. s. For 20 pills.——_Dose_, 1 every two hours, until

there is a marked improvement in the symptoms; in pneumonia, accompanied

by delirium, especially in drunkards; in spasms of the uterus, and in

various other spasmodic affections.

=Pills, Ape′′rient.= _Syn._ PILULÆ APERIENTES, L. _Prep._ 1. Hepatic

aloes, 2 dr.; rhubarb and Castile soap, of each 1 dr.; scammony, 1/2 dr.

(all in powder); essential oil (at will), 10 or 12 drops; beaten to a

smooth mass, and divided into pills.

2. Compound extract of colocynth (Ph. L. 1836), 1-1/2 dr.; extract of

gentian, 1/2 dr.; powdered ipecacuanha, 20 gr.; oil of cloves, caraway, or

cassia, a few drops. In dyspepsia, loss of appetite, &c.

3. (Abernethy’s.) See page 6.

4. (Alibert’s.) From calomel, resin of jalap, and Castile soap, of each 1

dr.; oil of orange peel or citron, 6 or 8 drops. For 60 pills. As an

occasional mild purgative, especially in bilious habits and worms.

5. (Sir B. Brodie.) Compound extract of colocynth and mercurial pill, of

each 1/2 dr.; scammony and Castile soap, of each 15 gr.; oil of caraway, 6

or 7 drops. For 24 pills. As the last.

6. (W. Cooley.) Aloes, 1-1/2 dr.; jalap and Castile soap, of each 1 dr.;

rhubarb and cardamoms, of each 1/2 dr. (all in powder); oil of juniper,

12 drops. For 3-gr. pills. A useful mild aperient, for either frequent or

occasional use.

7. (Dr Copland.) Compound extract of colocynth (Ph. L. 1836), 40 gr.;

extract of henbane, 30 gr.; Castile soap, 12 gr.; ipecacuanha, 6 or 7 gr.

For two dozen pills.——_Dose_, 2, on retiring to rest. As an aperient in

nervous affections and irritable habits.

8. (Harvey.) Mercurial pill and powdered aloes, of each 1/2 dr.; ginger,

20 gr. For 24 pills. In constipation, attended with a deficiency of bile.

9. (Dr Neligan.) Compound colocynth pill and soap of jalap, equal parts;

either with or without a few drops of some aromatic essential oil. For 4

or 5-gr. pills. As an aperient for general use.

10. (Sir C. Scudamore.) Compound extract of colocynth, 40 gr.; extract of

rhubarb, 1/2 dr.; scammony and soap, of each 12 gr.; oil of caraway, 5 or

6 drops. For 20 or 24 pills.

11. (Stahl’s; PILULÆ APERIENTES STAHLII——Ph. Hannov.) Powdered aloes, 1

oz.; compound extract of colocynth, 1/2 oz.; iron filings, 2 dr.;

mucilage, q. s. In amenorrhœa, low habits, and worms.

12 (Vance.) Compound extract of colocynth, 80 gr.; extract of rhubarb, 12

gr.; Castile soap, 6 or 8 gr.; oil of cinnamon, 4 or 5 drops.

_Obs._ The products of the above formulæ may be divided into pills of any

size deemed most agreeable to the patient, and they may be aromatised by

the addition of any essential oil at will. The dose varies, according to

circumstances, from 5 to 10 or 12 gr., or more. Those containing aloes or

mercurials are best taken at bedtime. For other formulæ see the various

officinal and other pills containing aloes, colocynth, gamboge, rhubarb,

scammony, &c.

=Pills, Aromat′ic.= _Syn._ PILULÆ AROMATICÆ, L. _Prep._ (Ph. L. 1746.)

Compound powder of aloes, 3 oz.; balsam of Peru, 1/2 oz.; syrup of orange

peel, q. s. Aperient, sudorific, and nervine.——_Dose_, 10 to 20 gr.

=Pills of Arse′′niate of Iron.= _Syn._ PILULÆ FERRI ARSENIATIS, L. _Prep._

(Biett.) Arseniate of iron, 3 gr.; extract of hops, 2 dr.; powdered

mallow-root, 1/2 dr.; syrup, q. s. For 48 pills.——_Dose_, 1 to 2, daily;

in cancerous, scrofulous, and herpetic affections. See PILLS, ARSENICAL.

=Pills of Arseniate of So′da.= _Syn._ PILULÆ SODÆ ARSENIATIS, L. _Prep._

(Erasmus Wilson.) Arseniate of soda, 2 gr.; distilled water, the smallest

possible quantity to dissolve it; powdered gum guaiacum, 1/2 dr.;

oxysulphuret of antimony, 20 gr.; mucilage, q. s. For 24 pills.——_Dose_, 1

pill, as the last; in herpes, &c. See PILLS, ARSENICAL.

=Pills, Arsen′ical.= _Syn._ ASIATIC PILLS, CARNATIC P., EAST INDIAN P.,

TANJORE P.; PILULÆ ARSENICI, P. ARSENICALIS, P. ASIATICÆ, P. ACIDI

ARSENIOSI, L. _Prep._ (P. Cod.) Arsenious acid, 1 gr.; black pepper (in

fine powder), 12 gr.; rub them together for some (considerable) time in an

iron mortar, then add, of powdered gum, 2 gr.; water, q. s. to make a

mass; which is to be accurately divided into 12 pills. Each pill contains

1/12 gr. of white arsenic.

_Obs._ This compound is commonly employed in the East Indies in syphilis,

elephantiasis, intermittents, the bites of venomous snakes, &c.; and as a

preventive to hydrophobia. The common practice in England is to employ 16

gr. of pepper to 1 gr. of arsenious acid, and to divide the mass into 16

instead of 12 pills. The dose is one or two pills daily, taken _after_ a

meal. The use of all compounds containing arsenic demands great caution.

=Pills, Arsenical (Opiated).= _Syn._ PILULÆ ARSENICI CUM OPIO, L. _Prep._

(A. T. Thomson.) Arsenious acid, 2 gr.; powdered opium, 8 gr.; Castile

soap, 20 gr.; simple syrup, q. s. For 34 pills.——_Dose._ As the last; in

intermittents, herpes, lepra, psoriasis, periodical headaches, neuralgia,

&c. (See _above_.)

=Pills, Asiat′ic.= See PILLS, ARSENICAL.

=Pills of Assafœt′ida.= _Syn._ PILULÆ ASSAFŒTIDA (Ph. E. & U. S.), L.

_Prep._ 1 (Ph. E.) Assafœtida, galbanum, and myrrh, of each 3 parts;

conserve of red roses, 4 parts, or q. s.; mix, and beat them to a proper

pill-mass.

2. (Pb. U. S.) Assafœtida, 1-1/2 oz.; Castile soap, 1/2 oz.; water, q. s.;

divide into 240 pills.

_Obs._ The above (particularly the last) are stimulant and

antispasmodic——_Dose_, 5 to 10 gr.; twice or thrice daily; in hysterical

affections, &c. (See _below._)

=Pills of Assafœtida (Compound).= _Syn._ PILULÆ ASSAFŒTIDÆ COMPOSITÆ (B.

P., Ph. D.) _Prep._ 1. (Ph. D.) Assafœtida, 2 oz.; galbanum, myrrh, and

treacle, of each 1 oz.; mix in a capsule, by the heat of steam or a water

bath, and stir until it becomes a uniform mass.——_Dose, &c._ As the last.

The B. P. directs the quantity of galbanum to be double the above.

2. (Hosp. F.) Assafœtida, 1 dr.; soft soap (Ph. L.), 20 gr.; ipecacuanha

and squills, of each (in powder), 12 gr.; syrup, q. s.——_Dose_, 5 to 10

gr.; in chronic asthmas, coughs, &c.

=Pills of Assafœtida with I′ron.= _Syn._ PILULÆ ASSAFŒTIDÆ CUM FERRO, L.

_Prep._ (W. Cooley.) Assafœtida, 1 dr.; extract of chamomile, 1/2 dr.; mix

with a slight heat; add, of dried protosulphate of iron, 15 gr.; oil of

cajeput, 10 drops; and divide into 36 pills. In hypochondriasis, hysteria,

amenorrhœa, chlorosis, &c., after an aperient.

=Pills, Asthma.= _Syn._ PILULÆ ANTASTHMATICÆ, L. _Prep._ 1. (Expectorant.)

From compound squill pill, 20 gr.; calomel, 5 gr.; powdered opium, 3 gr.;

made into 6 pills.——_Dose_, 1 or 2, at bedtime. Expectorant, and sometimes

laxative.

2. (Tonic.) From compound iron pill, 2 dr.; extract of gentian, 1 dr.;

mix, and divide into 60 pills.——_Dose_, 2, night and morning, with an

occasional dose of laxative medicine.

=Pills, Astringent.= _Syn._ PILULÆ ASTRINGENTES, L. See PILLS OF ACETATE

OF LEAD, ALUM, GALLIC ACID, NITRATE OF SILVER, SULPHATE OF IRON, SULPHATE

OF COPPER, TANNIN, &c.

=Pills of Atropine.= (P. Cod.) _Syn._ PILULÆ ATROPIÆ. _Prep._ Atropia,

1-1/2 gr.; sugar of milk, 1 dr.; gum Arabic, 12 gr.; syrup of honey, q. s.

Triturate the atropia for a long time with the sugar of milk, and make

into 100 granules and silver them. Granules of arsenious acid, digitalin,

and strychnia, are prepared in the same way.

=Pills, Bacher’s Ton′ic.= _Syn._ PILULÆ TONICÆ BACHERI, L. _Prep._ 1. (Dr

Paris.) Extract of black hellebore and powdered myrrh, of each 1 oz.;

powdered blessed thistle, 3 dr.; mix, and divide into 1-dr.

pills.——_Dose_, 2 to 6, three times a day.

2. (P. Cod.) Alkaline extract of hellebore and extract of myrrh, of each 2

dr.; powdered blessed thistle, 1 dr. For 4-gr. pills.——_Dose_, 1 to 2, as

the last. An alterative tonic, hydragogue, and emmenagogue; in debility,

dropsy, amenorrhœa, &c. A favourite remedy in some parts of Europe.

=Pills, Dr Baillie’s.= _Prep._ (Cooley.) Aqueous extract of aloes and

compound extract of colocynth, of each 3 dr.; Castile soap, 1 dr.; oil of

cloves, 15 drops. For 4-gr. pills. A good occasional aperient.——_Dose_, 1

to 3, at bedtime, or early in the morning. See PILLS, DINNER.

=Pills, Balsamic.= (Morton.) _Syn._ PILULÆ BALSAMICA. _Prep._ Powdered

millipedes, 18 dr.; gum ammoniacum, 9 dr.; benzoic acid, 6 dr.; saffron, 1

dr.; balsam of tolu, 1 dr,; anisated balsam of saffron, 6 dr., or

sufficient.

=Pills, Barbarossa’s.= These are supposed to have been the first mercurial

preparation employed in medicine. They consisted of quicksilver, rhubarb,

musk, and amber.

=Pills, Rev. D. Barclay’s.= _Prep._ (Cooley.) Resinous extract of jalap, 1

dr.; almond or Castile soap, 1-1/2 dr.; extract of colocynth, 2 dr. (or

powdered colocynth, 3 dr.); gum guaiacum, 3 dr.; potassio-tartrate of

antimony, 10 gr.; oil of juniper, 8 or 10 drops; oils of caraway and

rosemary, of each 4 drops; make a mass with syrup of buckthorn (the

smallest possible quantity), and divide into 4-gr. pills. A diaphoretic

aperient.——_Dose_, 1 to 3, at bedtime.

=Pills, Dr Baron’s.= _Prep._ From compound rhubarb pill, 30 gr.; compound

extract of colocynth, 20 gr.; powdered ipecacuanha, 6 gr. For 3-gr. pills.

An excellent stomachic aperient.——_Dose_, 1 to 3 pills, at bedtime; in

dyspepsia, loss of appetite, &c.

=Pills, Barthez’s.= _Prep._ From myrrh, 1 dr.; aloes, 1/2 dr.; musk, 15

gr.; camphor, 12 gr.; balsam of Peru, q. s. to form a mass. For 3-1/2-gr.

pills.——_Dose_, 2, thrice daily; in hysteria, amenorrhœa, chlorosis, &c.

=Pills, Bath Digestive.= _Prep._ (Cooley.) Rhubarb, 2 oz.; ipecacuanha and

Castile soap, of each 1/2 oz.; capsicum, ginger, and gamboge, of each 1/4

oz. (all in powder); syrup of buckthorn, q. s. For 4-gr. pills.——_Dose_, 1

as a dinner pill; 2 or 3 as an aperient.

=Pills of Be′beerine.= _Syn._ PILULÆ BEBEERINÆ, L. _Prep._ From sulphate

of bebeerine, 1/2 dr.; aromatic confection, q. s.; oil of cajeput, 6 or 6

drops. For 18 pills.——_Dose_, 1 to 3, every four hours; as an

antiperiodic, instead of bark or quinine.

=Pills, Be′chic.= PILULÆ BECHICÆ, L. _Prep._ (Trousseau and Reveil.)

Extract of digitalis, 15 gr.; white oxide of antimony, 30 gr.; extract of

liquorice, 40 gr.; mix carefully, and divide into 40 pills. Expectorant

and sedative.——_Dose_, 2 to 12, or more; in cases of irritating coughs,

catarrh of the pulmonary capillaries or bronchia, &c. See PILLS, COUGH.

=Pills, Beddoe’s.= _Prep._ From dried (effloresced) carbonate of soda, 1

dr.; soap, 1-1/2 dr.; oil of juniper, 12 drops; syrup of ginger, q. s.;

divide into 30 pills. In gravel, stone, &c.——_Dose_, 2 to 5.

=Pills of Belladon′na (Compound).= _Syn._ PILULÆ BELLADONNÆ COMPOSITÆ, L.

_Prep._ 1. (Ainslie.) Extract of belladonna, mercurial pill, and powdered

ipecacuanha, equal parts. For 3-gr. pills.——_Dose_, 1 night and morning,

in cancerous and glandular affections.

2. (Debreyne.) Camphor and assafœtida, of each 1 dr.; extract of

belladonna, 20 gr.; extract of opium, 5 gr.; syrup, q. s. For 48

pills.——_Dose_, 1 pill, gradually increased to 6, daily. In hysteria,

amenorrhœa, &c.

=Pills, Belloste’s.= See PILLS, MERCURIAL.

=Pills, Bennet’s.= See PILLS, FULLER’S.

=Pills, Benzoic.= (Dr Paris.) _Syn._ PILULÆ BENZOES. _Prep._ Benzoic acid,

12 gr.; extract of poppies, 18 gr. Mix, for 6 pills.——_Dose_, 1 pill.

Expectorant.

=Pills of Bichlo′′ride of Mercury†.= Pills of corrosive sublimate.

=Pills of Bichlo′′ride of Plat′inum.= _Syn._ PILULÆ PLATINI BICHLORIDI, L.

_Prep._ (Dr Hoefer.) Bichloride of platinum, 7-1/2 gr.; extract of

guaiacum, 1 dr.; liquorice powder, q. s. For 24 pills.——_Dose_, 1 pill,

twice or thrice daily; as an alterative, in syphilis, &c.

=Pills, Bicker’s.= _Prep._ From rust (carbonate) of iron, 2 dr.; aloes,

myrrh, and sulphur, of each 1 dr.; ox-gall, q. s. to mix. For 4-gr.

pills.——_Dose_, 1 to 6, morning and evening; in debility, chlorosis, &c.

=Pills of Bit′tersweet.= _Syn._ PILULÆ DULCAMARÆ, L. _Prep._ (Radius.)

Extract of bittersweet (dulcamara), 1 dr.; crude antimony and bittersweet

(in powder), of each 1/2 dr. For 3-gr. pills.——_Dose_, 6 to 12, twice or

thrice a day; in obstinate skin diseases.

=Pills, Blaud’s.= _Syn._ PILULÆ ANTICHLOROTICÆ, L. _Prep._ (Trousseau and

Reveil.) Sulphate of protoxide of iron, 2 parts; reduce it to powder, and

dry it in a stove at 104° Fahr.; add to this dry carbonate of potassa, 2

parts; honey, 1 part; and form the mass into 50 pills. Tonic and

emmenagogue.——_Dose_, 1 to 10, daily; in debility, chlorosis, &c.

=Pills, Blue.= See PILLS, MERCURIAL.

=Pills, Bontius’s.= _Syn._ PILULÆ HYDROGOGÆ, P. H. BONTII, L. _Prep._ (B.

Cod.) Socotrine aloes, gamboge, and gum ammoniacum, of each 1 dr.;

white-wine vinegar, 6 dr.; dissolve by heat at twice, press out the

liquor, evaporate to a pilular consistence, and divide into 4-gr.

pills.——_Dose_, 1 to 3; as a strong cathartic, in dropsy.

=Pills, Brigg’s Gout and Rheumatic.= This nostrum closely resembles in

appearance, odour, and properties, the PLUMMER’S PILL of the Pharmacopœia;

the two are probably identical. (Cooley.)

=Pill of Bro′mide of I′ron.= _Syn._ PILULÆ FERRI BROMIDI, L. _Prep._

(Magendie.) Bromide of iron and powdered gum Arabic, of each 12 gr.;

conserve of roses, 20 gr.; mix, and divide into 20 pills. They should be

kept in a dry, corked phial. Tonic and alterative.——_Dose_, 1 to 2, night

and morning; in debility, especially that of scrofulous habits, in

chlorosis, &c.

=Pills of Bru′cine.= _Syn._ PILULÆ BRUCIÆ, L. _Prep._ (Magendie.) Brucine,

12 gr.; confection of roses, 1/2 dr.; carefully mixed and divided into 24

pills, which are recommended to be silvered. The quantity of the

confection may be advantageously doubled.——_Dose_, 1 pill, night and

morning; in the same affections as those for which strychnine is

administered. The acetate hydrochlorate, or sulphate of brucine may be

substituted for the alkaloid in the above formula, in a slightly larger

quantity.

=Pills of Calomel.= _Syn._ PILULÆ CALOMELANOS, P. E. CALOMELANE, P.

HYDRARGYRI SUBCHLORIDI, P. H. CLORIDI†, P. H. C. MITIS (Ph. U. S.), L.

_Prep._ 1. Calomel, 4 dr.; powdered gum Arabic, 1 dr.; simple syrup,

q. s.; mix and divide into 240 pills. Each pill contains 1 gr. of calomel.

A convenient form of exhibiting this drug when uncombined with other

remedies.——_Dose_, 1 to 5 pills, according to the indication.

2. (U. C. Hosp.) Calomel, 2 dr.; rhubarb, 1-1/2 dr.; confection of senna,

q. s. For 4 dozen pills. An excellent alterative aperient, especially in

hepatic affections.

=Pills of Calomel (Compound).= _Syn._ PLUMMER’S PILLS, RED P.; PILULA

HYDRARGYRI SUBCHLORIDI COMPOSITA, PILULÆ CALOMELANOS COMPOSITÆ (Ph. E. &

D.), PILULÆ PLUMMERI, PILULA HYDRARGYRI CHLORIDI COMPOSITA, L. (Ph. L.).

_Prep._ 1. (Ph. L.). Chloride of mercury (calomel) and oxysulphide of

antimony, of each 2 dr.; rub them together, add of guaiacum (in powder)

and treacle, of each 4 dr., and form the whole into a pill-mass.

2. (Ph. E.) Calomel and golden sulphide of antimony, of each 1 part;

guaiacum (in powder) and treacle, of each 2 parts; beat the whole to a

pill-mass, and divide it into 6-gr. pills.

3. (Ph. D.) Calomel and precipitated sulphide of antimony, of each 1 dr.;

triturate them together, then add, of guaiacum resin (in powder), 2 dr.;

castor oil, 1 fl. dr.; and beat the whole to a uniform mass.

4. (B. P.) Calomel, 1; sulphurated antimony, 1; guaiac resin (in powder),

2; castor oil, 1; mix.——_Dose_, 5 to 10 gr.

_Obs._ An excellent alterative pill; very useful in lepra, in secondary

syphilis affecting the skin, and in various other chronic cutaneous

diseases; also in dyspepsia and liver complaints.——_Dose_, 3 to 10 gr.,

night and morning.

=Pills of Calomel and Opium.= _Syn._ PILULÆ CALOMELANOS ET OPII (Ph. E.),

L. _Prep._ (Ph. E.) Calomel, 3 parts; opium, 1 part; conserve of red

roses, q. s.; divide the mass so that each pill may contain 2 gr. of

calomel.——_Dose_, 1 or 2 pills, in rheumatism, facial neuralgia, and

various inflammatory affections. They offer a convenient form for

gradually introducing mercury into the system, and, if continued, induce

salivation.

=Pills of Cam′phor.= _Syn._ PILULÆ CAMPHORÆ, P. CAMPHORATÆ, L. _Prep._

Camphor and sugar, of each (in powder) 2 parts; conserve of hips, 1 part.

For 3-gr. pills. Anaphrodisiac, sedative, diaphoretic, and

nervine.——_Dose_, 1 to 5, twice or thrice a day.

=Pills of Camphor (Compound).= _Syn._ PILULÆ CAMPHORÆ COMPOSITÆ, P.

CAMPHORATÆ C., L. _Prep._ 1. (Dupuytren.) Camphor, 24 gr.; pure musk, 8

gr.; opium, 2 gr.; syrup, q. s.; divide into 12 pills.——_Dose_, 1 to 4,

three or four times daily; in putrescent sores, hospital gangrene, &c.

2. (Fr. Hosp.) Gum ammoniacum, 40 gr.; camphor, 30 gr.; musk, 10 gr.;

opium, 5 gr.; tincture of valerian, q. s.; divide into 4-gr.

pills.——_Dose_, 2 to 6 pills, daily; in nervous and hysterical affections,

&c.

3. (Ricord.) Camphor and lactucarium (or extract of lettuce), equal parts;

divide into 4-gr. pills.——_Dose_, 3 to 6 pills daily; as an anaphrodisiac.

4. (U. C. Hosp.) Camphor, 20 gr.; assafœtida, 1 dr.; extract of valerian,

2 dr. For 30 pills. As No. 2.

=Pills of Canthar′ides.= _Syn._ PILULÆ CANTHARIDIS, P. C. COMPOSITÆ, L.

_Prep._ 1. Cantharides (in very fine powder), 8 gr.; extract of gentian,

1/2 dr.; liquorice powder, 10 gr. For 12 pills.——_Dose_, 1 to 4 daily; as

a diuretic, emmenagogue, &c.

2. (Ellis.) Cantharides (in very fine powder), 18 gr.; opium and camphor,

36 gr.; mix, and divide into 36 pills.——_Dose_, 1 pill, at bedtime; as an

aphrodisiac, in parties labouring under general debility. They should be

used with extreme caution, and but seldom.

=Pills of Caout′chouc.= _Syn._ PILULÆ GUMMI ELASTICI, L. _Prep._ (Bouis.)

India rubber, cut into small squares or spheres, then moistened with syrup

of tolu, and, lastly, shaken in a box with a mixture of powdered gum and

sugar. In phthisis.——_Dose_, 1 pill, three or four times a day. They pass

through the primæ viæ unaltered, and may therefore fairly be presumed to

be inert.

=Pills of Cap′sicum.= _Syn._ CAYENNE PEPPER PILLS; PILULÆ CAPSICI, L.

_Prep._ 1. (Guy’s Hosp.) Capsicum, 1 part; rhubarb, 2 parts (both in

powder); treacle, q. s.; mix, and divide into 3-1/2-gr. pills——_Dose_, 1

to 3, an hour before dinner, to create an appetite and promote digestion.

2. (Radius.) Powdered capsicum, 20 gr.; extract of gentian, 1 dr.;

powdered gentian, q. s. to form a mass. For 60 pills.——_Dose_, 2 to 4

pills, thrice daily; in chronic dyspepsia, especially in the loss of tone

of the stomach arising from intemperance.

=Pills of Carbolic Acid.= _Syn._ PILULÆ ACIDI CARBOLICI. _Prep._ Carbolic

acid, 3 drops; soap powder, ·60 gram; lycopodium, ·06 gram; powdered

tragacanth, q. s. For six pills. The two first ingredients form a

semi-fluid mass, which the lycopodium does not absorb, but which is

solidified by means of the tragacanth.

=Pills of Car′bonate of I′ron.= _Syn._ VALLET’S PILLS; PILULÆ FERRI

CARBONATIS (Ph. E), L. _Prep._ (B. P., Ph. E.) Saccharated carbonate of

iron, 4 parts; conserve of red roses, 1 part; mix, and divide the mass

into 5-gr. pills.——_Dose_, 1 to 3, or more; as a mild chalybeate and

antichlorotic. 5 to 20 gr., B. P. For another formula, see PILLS, BLAUD’S

(_above_).

=Pills, Carbonic Acid.= (Mr Morson). _Syn._ PILULÆ ACIDI CARBONICI.

_Prep._ Mix 1/2 dr. of bicarbonate of soda and 25 gr. of tartaric acid,

coarsely powdered, with the smallest possible quantity of syrup and

mucilage to form a mass. Divide into 12 pills.

=Pills, Catarrh′.= _Syn._ PILULÆ ANTICATARRHALES, L. _Prep._ 1. (Trousseau

and Reveil.) Turpentine, 4 dr.; ammoniacum, 1 dr.; balsam of tolu, 1/2

dr.; aqueous extract of opium, 5 gr.; liquorice powder, q. s.; mix, and

divide into 80 pills.——_Dose_, 5 or 6 daily; in chronic catarrh of the

bronchi and bladder.

2. (Trousseau & Reveil.) Alcoholic extract of aconite, 30 gr.; sulphuret

of calcium, 16 gr.; powdered sugar, q. s. For 24 pills.——_Dose_, 1 pill,

three or four times daily; in chronic pulmonary catarrh.

=Pills, Cathar′tic.= _Syn._ PILULÆ CATHARTICÆ, L. _Prep._ 1. (Dr Collier.)

Calomel, 10 gr.; powdered jalap and prepared chalk, of each 1/2 dr.; oil

of caraway, 10 drops; syrup of buckthorn, to mix; divide into 5-gr.

pills.——_Dose_, 1 to 4.

2. (Dr A. T. Thomson.) Scammony, 4 gr.; extract of taraxacum, 16 gr.;

divide into 6 pills.——_Dose_, 3 pills, twice daily; in hypochondriasis and

chronic inflammation of the liver.

3. (A. T. Thomson.) Calomel, 15 gr.; powdered jalap, 45 gr.; mucilage,

q. s. to mix. For 18 pills.——_Dose_, 1 to 3, at night, to empty the

bowels, in bilious affections. Other formulæ for cathartic pills will be

found both _above_ and _below_.

=Pills, Cathartic (Compound).= _Syn._ PILULÆ CATHARTICÆ COMPOSITÆ, L.

_Prep._ (Ph. U. S.) Compound extract of colocynth, 4 dr.; powdered extract

of jalap and calomel, of each 3 dr.; powdered gamboge, 40 gr.; water,

q. s.; mix, and divide into 180 pills. An excellent purgative, especially

in bilious affections, dyspepsia, &c.——_Dose_, 1 to 3 pills.

=Pills of Cetrarine.= (Dr Neligan.) _Syn._ PILULÆ CETRARINÆ. Cetrarine, 24

gr.; extract of calumba, 1/2 dr.; make into 12 pills; one every four hours

as a febrifuge.

=Pills, Chamberlain’s Restor′ative.= A nostrum composed of cinnabar and

milk of sulphur, equal parts; beaten up with conserve of hips.

=Pills of Cham′omile.= _Syn._ PILULÆ ANTHEMIDIS, P. FLORUM CHAMÆMELI, L.

_Prep._ Extract of gentian, 1 dr.; powdered aloes, 1/2 dr.; powdered

rhubarb, 20 gr.; oil of chamomile, 10 drops. A tonic and stomachic

aperient.——_Dose_, 5 to 15 gr. This forms the ‘chamomile pills’ of the

shops. They should be kept in a corked phial. (See _below_.)

=Pills of Chamomile (Compound).= _Syn._ PILULÆ ANTHEMIDIS COMPOSITÆ, L.

_Prep._ 1. (Ainslie.) Extract of chamomile, 1 dr.; assafœtida, 1/2 dr.;

powdered rhubarb, 20 gr.; divided into 30 or, better, 36 pills.——_Dose_,

1, as a dinner pill; or 2 to 3, twice a day, in flatulent dyspepsia.

2. (Beasley.) Aqueous extract of aloes, 12 gr.; extract of chamomile, 36

gr.; oil of chamomile, 3 drops. For 12 pills.——_Dose_, 2 at night, or

twice a day; in dyspepsia, loss of appetite, &c. See PILLS, NORTON’S

CHAMOMILE.

=Pills, Chapman’s.= _Prep._ Mastic, 12 gr.; aloes, 16 gr.; rhubarb, 24 gr.

For 12 pills. An excellent stomachic aperient.——_Dose_, 2 to 4.

=Pills of Chiray′ta.= _Syn._ Dr REECE’S PILLS; PILULÆ CHIRAYTÆ, L. _Prep._

From chirayta, 2 dr.; dried carbonate of soda, 20 gr.; powdered ginger

(best), 15 gr.; divided into 36 pills.——_Dose_, 2, twice a day. In

acidity, flatulence, and dyspepsia, especially when complicated with gout

or debility.

=Pills of Cho′′ride of Ba′′rium.= _Syn._ PILULÆ BARII CHLORIDI, L. _Prep._

1. (Pierquin.) Chloride of barium, 1 dr.; resin of guaiacum, 4 dr.;

conserves of fumitory, q. s.; divided into 188 pills.——_Dose_, 1 pill,

morning and evening, afterwards increased to 2; in tapeworm, and in the

rheumatism of scrofulous subjects.

2. (Walsh.) Chloride of barium, 15 gr.; powdered marshmallow or liquorice

root and mucilage of tragacanth, of each q. s. to make 200 pills.——_Dose_,

3, gradually increased to 10 or 12, daily; in cancer, scrofula, goitre,

syphilis, &c.

_Obs._ The above are very poisonous, and their exhibition demands great

caution.

=Pills of Chloride of Cal′cium.= _Syn._ PILULÆ CALCII CHLORIDI, L. _Prep._

1. As the last.

2. (Gräfe.) Chloride of calcium, 1 dr.; extract of opium, 10 gr.;

mucilage, q. s. For 54 pills.——_Dose_, 1, every two or three hours,

gradually increased until 10, or even 12, are taken every hour; in

gonorrhœa, more especially when occurring in scrofulous subjects.

=Pills of Chloride of Gold.= _Syn._ PILULÆ AURI CHLORIDI L. _Prep._ From

terchloride of gold, 3 gr.; powdered liquorice, 1 dr.; syrup, q. s. For 48

pills.——_Dose_, 1 pill, twice or thrice daily.

=Pills of Chloride of Gold and So′dium.= _Syn._ PILULÆ AURI ET SODI

CHLORIDI, P. A. SODIO-CHLORIDI, L. _Prep._ (Magendie.) Soda-chloride of

gold, 1 gr.; extract of mezereon, 2 dr.; divide into 60 pills.

=Pills of Chloride of Lime.= _Syn._ PILLS OF CHLORINATED LIME; PILULÆ

CALCIS HYPOCHLORITIS, L. _Prep._ 1. Chloride of lime, 12 gr.; starch

powder, 24 gr.; conserve of hips, q. s.; divide into 36 pills.

2. (Dr Copland.) Chloride of lime, 15 gr.; compound powder of tragacanth,

90 gr.; syrup, q. s. For 24 pills.——_Dose_, 1 to 3, twice or thrice daily;

in various putrid affections, fevers, &c.

=Pills of Chloride of Mercury†.= Pills of calomel.

=Pills, Chol′era.= _Syn._ PILULÆ ANTICHOLERICÆ, E. _Prep._ 1. Powdered

camphor, 15 gr.; powdered capsicum (pure), 1/2 dr.; bicarbonate of soda, 1

dr.; conserve of roses, q. s. For 36 pills.——_Dose_, 2 to 4, every 15

minutes, washed down with a wine-glassful of cold water containing half a

teaspoonful of ether; repeated every 15 or 20 minutes until reaction

ensues. They should be freshly made.

2. (PILULA ANTICHOLERICA ARABICA.) _Prep._ Assafœtida, asclepias gigantea,

and opium, of each 1-1/2 gr. in each pill. One every half or three

quarters of an hour, broken down in a spoonful of brandy and water, till

the symptoms yield. After vomiting and purging have ceased, if prostration

and spasms are urgent, give 1/2 or 1/4 doses. Black pepper is substituted

for asclepias in this country.

3. (PILULÆ CAMBOGIÆ COMPOSITÆ. B. P.) _Prep._ Gamboge, aloes pods, and

compound cinnamon powder, of each 1 part; soap, 2 parts; syrup,

q. s.——_Dose_, 5 gr. to 10 gr.

=Pills of Ci′trate of I′ron and Quinine′.= _Syn._ PILULÆ FERRI CITRATIS

CUM QUINA, L. _Prep._ From citrate of iron and quinine, 1 dr.; powdered

citric acid, 20 gr.; conserve of hips, q. s. For 36 pills. An excellent

tonic in debility, chlorosis, &c.——_Dose_, 1 to 3, twice or thrice daily.

=Pills, Sir C. Clark’s.= See DINNER PILLS.

=Pills, Coindet’s.= See PILLS OF IODIDE OF MERCURY.

=Pills of Col′chicum.= See PILLS, GOUT.

=Pills of Col′ocynth.= _Syn._ PILULÆ È DUOBUS, P. EX COLOCYNTHIDE

SIMPLICIORES, L. _Prep._ (Ph. L. 1746.) Colocynth and scammony, of each 2

oz.; oil of cloves, 2 dr.; syrup of buckthorn, q. s. An active hydragogue

cathartic.——_Dose_, 2 to 12 gr.

=Pills of Colocynth (Compound).= _Syn._ PILL OF COCHIA; PILULÆ COCCIÆ,

PILULÆ COCHIÆ, PILULA COLOCYNTHIDIS COMPOSITA (B. P.), P. COLOCYNTHIDIS

COMPOSITÆ (Ph. L. & D.), P. COLOCYNTHIDIS (Ph. E.), L. _Prep._ 1. (Ph. L.)

Extract of colocynth (simple), 1 dr.; powdered extract of aloes, 6 dr.;

powdered scammony, 2 dr.; powdered cardamoms, 1/2 dr.; soft soap (Ph. L.),

1-1/2 dr.; mix, and beat them altogether, so that a mass may be formed.

This is intended as a substitute for the compound extract of colocynth of

the Ph. L. 1836.

2. (Ph. E.) Socotrine or East Indian aloes and scammony, of each 8 parts;

sulphate of potassa, 1 part; beat them together; add of colocynth, in fine

powder, 4 parts; next add of oil of cloves, 1 part; and, with the aid of a

little rectified spirit, beat the whole to a mass and divide this into

5-gr. pills.

3. (Ph. D.) Colocynth pulp, scammony, and Castile soap, of each (in

powder) 1 oz.; hepatic aloes, 2 oz.; treacle, 10 dr.; oil of cloves, 1 fl.

dr.; mix, and beat them into a mass of uniform consistence.

4. (Ph. L. 1746.) Socotrine aloes and scammony, of each 2 oz.; pulp of

colocynth, 1 oz.; oil of cloves, 2 dr.; syrup of buckthorn, q. s. to form

a pill-mass. This is the original formulæ published by Galen for ‘pilulæ

cochiæ minores,’ and, under various slight modifications, it has continued

in use ever since.

5. Aloes, 1-1/2 lb.; colocynth, 3/4 lb.; jalap, 6 oz. (all in powder); oil

of cloves, 1-1/2 oz.; syrup or treacle, q. s. to mix. _Prod._ About 4-3/4

lbs. This forms the common ‘pil. cochiæ’ of the druggists. A few, more

conscientious than the rest, add to the above, scammony, 6 oz. It is

greatly inferior to the Ph. pill.

6. (B. P.) Colocynth, in powder, 1; Barbadoes aloes, in powder, 2;

scammony, in powder, 2; sulphate of potash, in powder, 1/4; oil of cloves,

1/4; distilled water, a sufficiency (about 1/4); mix. Dr Gregory’s

favourite pill.——_Dose_, 5 to 10 gr.

_Obs._ Compound colocynth pill is a cheap and excellent cathartic, more

powerful than the other officinal aloetic pills, and well adapted to cases

of habitual costiveness. It has long been extensively used by the poorer

classes, and in domestic medicine generally.——_Dose_, 5 to 15 gr.

=Pills of Colocynth and Hen′bane.= _Syn._ PILULÆ COLOCYNTHIDIS ET

HYOSCYAMI (B. P., Ph. E.), _Prep._ 1. (Ph. E.) Colocynth pill-mass, 2

parts; extract of henbane, 1 part; beat them up with a few drops of

rectified spirit (if necessary), and divide them into 5-gr.

pills.——_Dose_, 1 to 3 pills; as an anodyne purgative, in irritable

bowels.

2. (B. P.) Colocynth, in powder, 2; Barbadoes aloes, in powder, 2;

scammony, in powder, 2; sulphate of potash, in powder, 1/4; oil of

cloves, 1/4; extract of hyoscyamus, 3; distilled water, a sufficiency;

mix.——_Dose_, 5 to 10 gr.

=Pills of Copai′ba.= _Syn._ PILULÆ COPAIBÆ, L. _Prep._ (Ph. U. S.) Pure

balsam of copaiba, 2 oz.; recently prepared calcined magnesia, 1 dr.; mix

thoroughly, then set the mixture aside until it acquires a pillular

consistence, and lastly, divide it into 200 pills.

_Obs._ Unless the magnesia has been very recently calcined, the copaiba

hardens very slowly or not at all. It is said that “lime produces the

effect more completely and uniformly than magnesia,” and that “specimens

of copaiba which are old and contain the most resin harden quickest.”

(Redwood.) For present use, the quantity of magnesia may be at least

doubled. Dr Pereira orders copaiba, 1 oz.; magnesia, 5 or 6 dr.——_Dose_,

10 to 30 gr., frequently; in diseases of the mucous membranes of the

urinary organs. Cubebs are often added.

=Pills, Dr Copland’s.= See PILLS, APERIENT and PECTORAL.

=Pills of Corro′sive Sub′limate.= _Syn._ PILLS OF CHLORIDE OF MERCURY; P.

OF BICHLORIDE OF M. †, HOFFMAN’S P.; PILULÆ SUBLIMATIS CORROSIVI, P.

HYDRARGYRI BICHLORIDI†, P. MAJORES HOFFMANNI, L. _Prep._ 1. Corrosive

sublimate, 3 gr.; white sugar, 1/2 dr.; triturate together in a glass

mortar for some time, then add of powdered gum Arabic, 20 gr., and beat

the whole to a mass with dilute hydrochloric acid, q. s. For 36 pills,

each containing 1/12 gr. of corrosive sublimate.

2. (Brera.) Corrosive sublimate, 3 gr.; rectified spirit, the smallest

possible quantity to dissolve it; bread-crum, q. s. to form a mass. For 24

pills, each containing 1/8 gr. of the corrosive sublimate.

3. (Dr Paris.) Corrosive sublimate and sal-ammoniac, of each 5 gr.; water,

1/2 fl. dr.; triturate together until solution is complete, then add of

honey, 1/2 dr.; liquorice powder, 1 dr. (or q. s.), and divide into 40

pills. Each pill contains 1/8 gr. of corrosive sublimate.

4. (Ph. Hannov.) Corrosive sublimate, 15 gr.; distilled water, 1/4 fl.

dr.; crum of bread, q. s. to form a mass. For 120 pills, each containing

1/8 gr.

5. (PILULÆ HYDRARGYRI BICHLORIDI CUM GUAIACO. Dupuytren.) _Prep._

Perchloride of mercury in subtle powder, 3 gr.; extract of opium, 6 gr.;

extract of guaiacum, 12 gr. Make into 20 pills.

_Obs._ The above formulæ are among those most usually employed. Other

authorities order pills containing 1/16th of a gr. Dzondi orders 1/20 gr.,

and Hüfeland only 1/30 gr., in each pill. The commencing dose should not

exceed 1 pill containing the 1/12 of a grain, twice or thrice a day. It

may afterwards be safely kept at 1/8th of a grain. They are chiefly

employed in syphilis, but are also occasionally exhibited with great

advantage in glandular indurations and enlargements, and in cancer; due

caution being observed.

=Pills, Cough.= See PILLS, PECTORAL, EXPECTORANT, &c.

=Pills of Cre′asote.= _Syn._ PILULÆ CREASOTI, L. _Prep._ 1. (Pitschaft.)

Creasote, 6 gr.; powdered henbane, 24 gr.; conserve of hips, q. s. For 24

pills.——_Dose_, 1 three times daily; in sea-sickness, the vomiting during

pregnancy, &c.

2. (Rieche.) Creasote, 1 dr.; extract of liquorice and gum galbanum, of

each 1/2 dr.; powdered mallow-root, 2 dr.; to be divided into 2-gr.

pills.——_Dose_, 3 to 6, four times a day; in acute rheumatism, bronchitis,

neuralgia, phthisis, &c.

=Pills, Crespigny’s.= See PILLS, DINNER.

=Pills of Cro′ton Oil.= _Syn._ PILULÆ CROTONIS, P. TIGLII, L. _Prep._ 1.

Croton oil, 3 drops; oil of cloves, 4 drops; bread-crum, q. s. For 3

pills, one of which is a dose.

2. (Dr Copland.) Croton oil, 6 drops; pill of aloes and myrrh, 1-1/2 dr.;

soap, 20 gr.; liquorice powder, q. s. For 30 pills.——_Dose_, 2 to 4.

3. (Dr Reece.) Croton oil, 6 drops; Castile soap, 1/2 dr.; oil of caraway,

8 drops; liquorice powder, q. s. For 12 pills.——_Dose_, 1 to 3. In dropsy,

visceral obstructions, &c. See CROTON OIL.

4. (With MERCURY——Dr Neligan.) Croton oil soap, 3 gr.; extract of henbane

and mercurial pill, of each 24 gr.; oil of pimento, 12 drops; divide into

12 pills.——_Dose_, 2 at bedtime. (See _above_.)

=Pills of Cy′anide of Mer′cury.= _Syn._ PILULÆ HYDRARGYRI CYANIDI, P. H.

CYANURETI, L. _Prep._ (Guibourt.) Cyanide of mercury, 6 gr.; opium, 12

gr.; bread-crum, 60 gr.; honey or syrup, q. s. For 96 pills.——_Dose_, 1

night and morning; in syphilis, chronic inflammation of the viscera, &c.

=Pills of Cyanide of Potas′sium.= _Syn._ PILULÆ POTASSII CYANIDI, L.

_Prep._ (Golding Bird.) Cyanide of potassium, 2 gr.; arrowroot, 20 gr.;

simple syrup, q. s. For 18 pills.——_Dose_, 1, twice or thrice a day; as a

sedative in hysteria, gastrodynia, extreme nervous excitability, &c. See

DRAUGHT and MIXTURE, HYDROCYANIC.

=Pills of Dandeli′on.= See PILLS, TARAXACUM.

=Pills, De Haen’s.= _Prep._ (St Marie.) Gum ammoniacum and pill aloes with

myrrh, of each 1 dr.; extracts of hemlock and Castile soap, of each 1-1/2

dr. For 2-gr. pills.——_Dose_, 3 to 6 daily; in painful or obstructed

menstruation, chlorosis, &c.

=Pills of Del′phine.= _Syn._ PILULÆ DELPHINIÆ, L. _Prep._ (Dr Turnbull.)

Delphine, 1 gr.; extracts of henbane and liquorice, of each 12 gr. For 12

pills.——_Dose_, 1 to 3, twice a day; in dropsy, gout, rheumatism, &c.,

instead of veratrine.

=Pills, Deobstruent.= (L. Ph., 1746.) _Syn._ PILULÆ ECPHRACTICA. _Prep._

Aromatic pill, 3 oz.; rhubarb, 1 oz.; extract of gentian, 1 oz.; sulphate

of iron, 1 oz.; carbonate of potash, 1/2 oz.; syrup of roses, q. s.

=Pills of Deuto-iodide (Biniodide) of Mercury.= _Syn._ PILULÆ HYDRARGYRI

DEUTO-IODIDI. (Magendie.) _Prep._ Deuto-iodide (biniodide) of Mercury,

7-1/2 gr.; extract of juniper, 75 gr.; powdered liquorice, q. s. for 100

pills.

=Pills, Diaphoret′ic.= _Syn._ PILULÆ DIAPHORETICÆ, L. _Prep._ 1.

Antimonial powder, 1/2 dr.; opium, 10 gr.; calomel, 5 gr.; confection of

opium, q. s. to mix; divide into 10 pills.——_Dose_, 1 at bedtime; in

coughs and bronchial irritability, after an aperient.

2. Guaiacum, 19 gr.; emetic tartar and opium, of each 1 gr.; simple syrup,

q. s. to mix; divide into 3 pills.——_Dose_, 1 to 2, in acute rheumatism,

&c.

3. Camphor and antimonial powder, of each 1/2 dr.; opium, 10 gr.; aromatic

confection, q. s. to mix. For 12 pills. In fevers, and in some spasmodic

diseases.——_Dose_, 1 pill.

4. Powdered guaiacum, 10 gr.; compound powder of ipecacuanha, 5 gr.;

confection of roses, q. s. to mix; for a dose. As a diaphoretic, in

inflammatory affections and rheumatism.

=Pills, Diarrhœ′a.= _Syn._ PILULÆ ANTIDIARRHŒALES, L. _Prep._ (Trousseau &

Reveil.) Soft extract of opium, 1-1/2 gr.; calomel and powdered

ipecacuanha, of each 3 gr.; conserve of hips, q. s.; divide into 10

pills.——_Dose_, 1, two or three times daily; in chronic and choleraic

diarrhœa.

=Pills, Diges′tive.= Under this head are generally classed all the

stomachic and milder aperient pills. See PILLS, BATH; PILLS, DINNER, &c.

=Pills of Digita′line.= _Syn._ PILULÆ DIGITALINÆ, L. _Prep._ 1.

Digitaline, 1 gr.; powdered sugar, 1/2 dr.; thick mucilage, q. s. For 24

pills.——_Dose_, 1 to 4 daily, watching the effects; as a sedative to

reduce the force of the circulation, in phthisis, enlargement of heart,

&c. See PILLS, FOXGLOVE.

=Pills, Din′ner.= _Syn._ PILULÆ DICTÆ ANTECIBUM, L.; GRAINS DE SANTÉ, Fr.

_Prep._ 1. Aloes, 1 dr.; rhubarb and extract of gentian, of each 1/2 dr.;

ipecacuanha and capsicum, of each 12 gr.; syrup of ginger, q. s. to mix.

For 3-1/2-gr. pills.

2. (Dr Baillie’s.) See _above_.

3. (BATH DIGESTIVE PILLS.) See _above_.

4. (PILLS OF ALOES AND MASTIC; LADY CRESPIGNY’S PILLS, LADY HESKETH’S P.,

LADY WEBSTER’S P., DIGESTIVE P., STOMACH P., PILULÆ ALOËS ET MASTICHES, P.

A. CUM MASTICHE, P. STOMACHICÆ MESUES; GRAINS DE VIE, GRAINS DE MESUES.)

From aloes (powdered), 6 dr.; powdered mastic and petals of red roses, of

each 2 dr.; syrup of wormwood, q. s. to form a pill-mass. For 3-gr. pills.

In small doses they excite the appetite; in larger ones they produce a

bulky and copious evacuation. This is the formula of the old Paris Codex.

Rhubarb is now frequently substituted for the rose petals.

5. (Sir C. Bell’s.) From sulphate of quinine, 4 gr.; mastic, 6 gr.;

rhubarb, 50 gr.; syrup of orange peel, q. s. to mix. For 12 or,

preferably, 18 pills.

6. (Sir Chas. Clarke’s.) From extract of chamomile, 1/2 dr.; myrrh and

rhubarb (in powder), of each 20 gr.; powdered Socotrine aloes, 10 gr.; oil

of chamomile, 8 drops; mucilage, q. s. to form 20 pills. “These pills,

which were originally prescribed by Sir Chas. Clarke, are much used in

London.” (Redwood.)

7. (Frank’s.) From aloes and jalap, of each 4 parts; rhubarb, 1 part;

syrup of wormwood, q. s. For 3-gr. pills.

8. (P. Cod.) Aloes, 6 dr.; extract of cinchona bark, 3 dr.; cinnamon, 1

dr.; syrup of wormwood, q. s.

The dose of the above is 3 to 5 gr., about an hour before dinner, to

promote the appetite; or, as a purgative, 10 to 15 gr.

=Pills, Diuret′ic.= _Syn._ PILULÆ DIURETICÆ, L. _Prep._ 1. From powdered

foxglove, 12 gr.; calomel, powdered squills, and opium, of each 4 gr.;

conserve of hips, q. s. For 12 pills.

2. (Dr A. T. Thomson.) Mercurial pill, 1 dr.; powdered squills, 20 gr.;

confection of roses, q. s.; divided into 20 pills. The dose of either of

the above is 1 pill, twice or thrice daily; in dropsy, &c.

=Pills, Dixon’s.= According to Dr Paris these pills consist of aloes,

scammony, rhubarb, and a little tartar emetic, beaten up with syrup. “The

following formula produces a pill precisely similar to this nostrum:——Take

of compound extract of colocynth (Ph. L. 1836), 4 dr.; powdered rhubarb, 2

dr.; potassio-tartrate of antimony, 8 gr.; syrup of buckthorn, q. s.; mix,

and divide into 120 pills. Aperient and diaphoretic.——_Dose_, 2 or 3, at

bedtime.” (Cooley.) Although a nostrum it is really an excellent medicine,

adapted for numerous cases.

=Pills, Duchesne’s.= _Prep._ From aloes and gum ammoniacum, of each 30

gr.; mastic and myrrh, 10 gr.; carbonate of potassa and saffron, of each 3

gr.; syrup, q. s. In the dyspepsia of hysterical patients, in engorgements

of the abdominal viscera, following intermittent fevers, &c.

=Pills, Dys′entery.= _Syn._ PILULÆ DYSENTERICÆ, L. _Prep._ Pure alumina

and tannic acid, of each 20 gr.; antimonial powder, 15 gr.; castor oil,

1/2 dr.——_Dose_, 5 to 10 gr.; frequently.

=Pills of Elate′rium.= _Syn._ PILULÆ ELATERII, L. _Prep._ (Radius.)

Elaterium, 6 gr.; extract of gentian and Castile soap, of each 9 gr.; mix,

and divide in 12 pills.——_Dose_, 1 to 4; in obstinate constipation, and as

a purge in dropsy, &c.

=Pills, Emet′ic.= _Syn._ PILULÆ EMETICÆ, P. CUPRI SULPHATIS COMPOSITÆ, L.

_Prep._ (Swediaur.) Sulphate of copper and ipecacuanha equal parts; syrup

or conserve of roses, q. s. For 5-gr. pills.——_Dose_, 1 pill, repeated

every 15 minutes, until vomiting comes on. See EMETICS.

=Pills, Epilep′sy.= _Syn._ PILULÆ ANTEPILEPTICÆ, P. AD EPILEPSIAM, L.

_Prep._ 1. (Griffith.) Powdered indigo, 75 gr.; assafœtida, 15 gr.;

Russian castor, 7 gr.; mix, and divide the mass into 20 pills.——_Dose_, 1

every hour.

2. (Récamier.) Oxide of iron, 9 gr.; camphor and extract of belladonna, of

each 6 gr. For 12 pills.——_Dose_, 1 to 3, every 3 or 4 hours.

=Pills, Er′got of Rye.= _Syn._ PILULÆ ERGOTÆ, P. SECALIS CORNUTI, L.

_Prep._ 1. (Dewees.) Powdered ergot, 1/2 dr.; extract of gentian, 1 dr.;

divide into 15 pills. In obstructed and painful menstruation, hæmorrhages,

&c.——_Dose_, 1 pill, thrice daily.

2. (Lallemande.) Aloes, ergot, and rue, of each 8 gr.; for 12 pills. As

the last.

=Pills of Er′gotine.= _Syn._ PILULÆ ERGOTINÆ, L. _Prep._ (Bonjean.)

Ergotine (Bonjean’s), 24 gr.; liquorice powder, 40 gr.; syrup, q. s. For

24 pills.——_Dose_, 3 to 6 daily; as an internal hæmostatic, &c.

=Pills, Everlast′ing.= _Syn._ PERPETUAL PILLS; PILULÆ ÆTERNÆ:, P.

PERPETUÆ, L. Small spheres of metallic antimony. They possess the property

of purging as often as swallowed, but have now long fallen into disuse.

=Pills, Expec′torant.= _Syn._ PILULÆ EXPECTORANTES, L. _Prep._ 1. Myrrh,

1-1/2 dr.; powdered squills, 1/2 dr.; extract of henbane, 2 dr.; syrup,

q. s.; divide into 30 pills.——_Dose_, 2, night and morning.

2. (A. T. Thomson.) Powdered squills and extract of hemlock, of each 1/2

dr.; ammoniacum, 1-1/2 dr.; divide into 30 pills.——_Dose_, 2 twice or

thrice a day. In chronic coughs, asthma, &c., after an aperient. See

PILLS, PECTORAL, &c.

=Pills of Extract of Walnut Leaves.= (Negrier.) _Syn._ PILULÆ JUGLANDIS.

_Prep._ Extract of walnut leaves, 1 dr.; powdered walnut leaves,

sufficient to form a mass; to be divided into 20 pills, 2 or 3 to be taken

in the day.

=Pills, Family Antibil′ious.= _Syn._ ALOE PILLS; ALOËS ROSATA, PILULÆ

ALOËS ROSATÆ, L. _Prep._ Socotrine or hepatic aloes, 3 oz.; juice of

roses, 1 pint; dissolve by heat, strain through a piece of coarse flannel,

evaporate to a proper consistence, and form it into pills. Purgative, in

doses of 5 to 15 gr.

=Pills, Fe′ver.= _Syn._ PILULÆ FEBRIFUGÆ, L. Of these the principal are

those containing antimonials, bark, quinine, and salicine (which _see_).

=Pills, Fordyce’s.= An active purgative, closely resembling in composition

the compound gamboge pill of the Ph. L.

=Pills, Dr Fothergill’s.= _Prep._ (Cooley.) Aloes, 4 dr.; extract of

colocynth and scammony, of each 1 dr.; diaphoretic antimony, 30 gr.;

syrup, q. s. For 3-1/2-gr. pills. A diaphoretic aperient.——_Dose_, 1 to 4

pills at bedtime.

=Pills of Fox′glove and Hen′bane.= _Syn._ PILULÆ DIGITALIS ET HYOSCYAMI,

L. _Prep._ (Dr A. T. Thomson.) Powdered foxglove, 4 gr.; powdered camphor,

12 gr.; extract of henbane, 18 gr. For 6 pills——_Dose_, 1 or 2 at bedtime;

as a sedative in maniacal and spasmodic affections, &c.

=Pills of Fox′glove and Squills.= _Syn._ PILULÆ DIGITALIS ET SCILLÆ (Ph.

E.), L. _Prep._ (Ph. E.) Powdered foxglove and squills, of each 1 part;

aromatic electuary (Ph. E.), 2 parts; conserve of red roses, q. s.; divide

into 4-gr. pills. A valuable diuretic in dropsies.——_Dose_, 1 to 2 pills.

=Pills, Frankfort.= These are the Pilules Angeliques noticed among PATENT

MEDICINES, formed into 2-gr. pills, and silvered.

=Pills, Franks’.= See PILLS, DINNER.

=Pills of Fuligoka′li.= _Syn._ PILULÆ FULIGOKALI, L. _Prep._ (Deschamps.)

Fuligokali, 5 dr.; starch, 2-1/2 dr.; powdered tragacanth, 10 gr.; syrup,

q. s. For 100 pills, which must be covered with 2 or 3 coats of gum, and

preserved from the air. The pills of sulphuretted fuligokal (Pilulæ

Fuligokali Sulphurati) are prepared in a similar manner.

=Pills, Fuller’s.= _Syn._ BENNET PILLS; PILULÆ BENEDICTÆ, L. _Prep._

(Cooley.) Aloes and sulphate of iron, of each 1/2 dr.; myrrh and senna, of

each 20 gr.; assafœtida and galbanum, of each 10 gr.; mace and saffron, of

each 6 gr.; syrup, q. s.; mix and divide into 4-gr. pills. Antispasmodic,

emmenagogue, and tonic, and slightly aperient.——_Dose_, 1 to 4, according

to the object in view.

=Pills, Gairthorn’s Mild Provi′′sional.= _Prep._ (Cooley.) Compound

gamboge pill, 60 gr.; aqueous extract of aloes, 40 gr.; sulphate of

potassa and extract of senna, 30 gr.; compound scammony powder, 15 gr.;

balsam of Peru, 6 or 8 gr.; emetic tartar, 3 gr.; mix, and divide into 36

pills. Purgative.——_Dose_, 1, 2, or more, when required.

=Pills of Gal′banum (Compound).= _Syn._ PILULA GALBANI COMPOSITA (Ph. L.),

PILULÆ G. COMPOSITÆ, L. _Prep._ 1. (Ph. L.) Myrrh and prepared sagapenum,

of each 3 dr.; prepared galbanum and soft soap, of each 2 dr.; prepared

assafœtida, 1 dr.; treacle, q. s. to form a pill-mass.

2. (Ph. L. 1836.) As the last, omitting the soap.

3. (Ph. D. 1826.) As the Ph. L., except that treacle is substituted for

syrup.

_Obs._ These pills are stimulant, expectorant, antispasmodic, and

emmenagogue.——_Dose_, 10 to 20 gr.; in hysteria, chronic coughs,

chlorosis, amenorrhœa, &c.

=Pills of Galbanum with Iron.= _Syn._ PILULÆ GALBANI CUM FERRO, L. _Prep._

(Guy’s Hosp.) Compound galbanum pill, 2 parts; precipitated sesquioxide of

iron, 1 part; water, q. s. to form a mass. For 4-1/2-gr. pills. An

excellent tonic emmenagogue.——_Dose_, 10 to 20 gr.; in chlorosis,

amenorrhœa, &c., when chalybeates are not contra-indicated.

=Pills of Gam′boge (Compound).= _Syn._ GAMBOGE PILLS, FORDYCE’S P.; PILULÆ

CAMBOGIÆ COMPOSITA (PH. L.), P. CAMBOGIÆ. (Ph. E.), L. _Prep._ 1. (Ph. L.)

Powdered Socotrine or hepatic aloes, 3 dr.; powdered gamboge, 2 dr.;

powdered ginger, 1 dr.; soft soap (Ph. L.), 4 dr.; mix, and beat them to a

pill-mass. The formulæ of the Ph. L. 1836 and Ph. D. 1826 are precisely

similar.

2. (Ph. E.) Gamboge, East Indian or Barbadoes aloes, and aromatic powder,

of each (in powder) 1 part; Castile soap, 2 parts; syrup, q. s.

_Obs._ All the above are active cathartics.——_Dose_, 5 to 15 gr., at

bedtime; in obstinate constipation, &c.

=Pills of Gen′tian (Compound).= _Syn._ PILULÆ GENTIANÆ COMPOSITÆ, L.

_Prep._ (W. Cooley.) Extract of gentian, 1 dr.; powdered rhubarb and

cardamoms, of each 1/2 dr.; ipecacuanha, 12 gr. For 3-gr. pills.

Stomachic.——_Dose_, 2 or 3, twice or thrice daily, to improve the appetite

and digestion.

=Pills, Gout.= _Syn._ PILULÆ ANTARTHRITICÆ, L. _Prep._ 1. (Bouchardat.)

Extract of colchicum and compound extract of colocynth, of each 1 dr.;

aqueous extract of opium, 3 gr.; mix, and divide into 3-gr.

pills.——_Dose_, 1 or 2, according to their purgative action, as required.

2. (Sir H. Halford’s.) From acetic extract of colchicum, 1/2 dr.; Dover’s

powder and compound extract of colocynth, of each 18 gr. For 12

pills.——_Dose_, 1 pill.

3. (Lartigue’s.) From compound extract of colocynth, 20 gr.; alcoholic

extract of colchicum seeds and alcoholic extract of digitalis, of each 1

gr. For 2-gr. pills.——_Dose, &c._ As the last.

4. (St George’s Hosp.) Acetic extract of colchicum, 12 gr.; Dover’s

powder, 30 gr. For 12 pills.——_Dose_, 2 pills.

5. (Sir C. Scudamore’s.) From acetic extract of colchicum, 1 dr.; powdered

marshmallow root, q. s. to form a mass. For 40 pills.——_Dose_, 1 to 3, or

more, with caution, as required.

6. (Trousseau & Reveil.) Powdered colchicum seeds, 1/2 dr.; powdered

digitalis and sulphate of quinine, of each 15 gr.; calomel and extract of

colocynth, of each 8 gr.; syrup, q. s. For 20 pills.——_Dose_, 1 to 4,

during the day, at the commencement of an attack of gout. Other formulæ

for gout pills will be found under the respective names.

=Pills, Dr Griffith’s.= Powdered rhubarb, 1-1/2 dr.; sulphate of iron, 1/2

dr.; Castile soap, 40 gr.; water, q. s. to form a mass. For 48 pills. An

excellent remedy in costiveness, with loss of tone of the bowels.——_Dose_,

2 to 4, at bedtime.

=Pills, of Gu′aiacum (Compound).= _Syn._ PILULÆ GUAIACI COMPOSITÆ, L.

_Prep._ 1. Powdered resin of guaiacum, 1 dr.; oxysulphide of antimony, 40

gr.; oil of cajeput, 12 drops; extract of gentian, q. s. to form a mass.

For 4-gr. pills.——_Dose_, 3 to 6, thrice daily; in gout, rheumatism,

secondary syphilis, various obstinate cutaneous affections, &c.

2. (St B. Hosp.) Guaiacum, 30 gr.; ipecacuanha and opium, of each 3 gr.;

syrup, q. s. For 12 pills.——_Dose_, 1 to 3. As the last.

=Pills, Halford’s.= See PILLS, GOUT.

=Pills, Dr Hamilton’s.= The same as the colocynth and henbane pill of the

Ph. E. The compound pills of gamboge, now vended under the title of

‘MORISON’S NO. 2 PILLS,’ were long known in Scotland as Dr Hamilton’s

Pills.

=Pills, Head′ache.= _Syn._ CEPHALIC PILLS; PILULÆ CEPHALICÆ, P.

ANTICEPHALALGICÆ, L. _Prep._ 1. Caffeine, 15 gr.; aloes, 20 gr.; conserve

of hips, q. s. For 12 pills.——_Dose_, occasionally; when only one side of

the head is affected.

2. (Broussais.) Extract of opium, 6 gr.; extracts of belladonna and

henbane, of each 15 gr.; extract of lettuce, 30 gr.; butter of cacao, 4

dr. For 120 pills.——_Dose_, 1, twice or thrice daily; in headache,

accompanying spasmodic affections, &c.

3. (Dr Wilson Philip.) Powdered nutmeg and rhubarb, of each 20 gr.;

extract of chamomile, 20 gr.; oil of peppermint, 10 or 12 drops. For 30

pills.——_Dose_, 1 to 3, thrice daily; in nervous headaches.

=Pills, Helvetius’s.= _Syn._ PILULÆ ALUMINIS HELVETII, L. _Prep._ Alum, 2

dr.; dragon’s blood, 1 dr.; honey of roses, to mix. For 48 pills.

Astringent.

=Pills of Hem′lock (Compound).= _Syn._ PILULÆ CONII COMPOSITA (B. P., Ph.

L.), L. _Prep._ (Ph. L.) Extract of hemlock, 5 dr.; powdered ipecacuanha,

1 dr.; treacle, q. s. Antispasmodic, expectorant, and narcotic.——_Dose_, 4

to 8 gr. (B. P. 5 to 10 gr.), twice or thrice daily; in hooping-cough,

bronchitis, incipient phthisis, &c.

=Pills of Henbane (Compound).= _Syn._ PILULÆ HYOSCYAMI ET ZINCI, L.;

PILULES DE MEGLIN, Fr. _Prep._ (P. Cod.) Extracts of henbane and Valerian,

and oxide of zinc, equal parts. For 3-gr. pills.——_Dose_, 1 to 10; as an

anodyne or sedative in neuralgia, nervous attacks, &c.