The detective, after lounging about the saloons for a few days, had

proof enough to sustain a prosecution, and Brady and Glady were

arrested. Brady owned two saloons. The liquor-dealers rallied the

roughs and drunkards to bully the court and carry through the case

after the usual style. But the temperance element was aroused, and the

building was crowded with the best and wealthiest citizens of the

town. The two men were convicted, fined, and sent to prison.

Immediately they began to negotiate for a compromise--“If the fines and

imprisonment were remitted, and the prisoners allowed to go free, they

would leave the town.”

And so a compromise was made, and two of the saloons closed their doors.

The other saloon-keeper, Nate Wood, was arrested, tried, fined, and

imprisoned. He paid his fine, served out his time in jail, and went

back to his business as though nothing had happened. But he now

confined himself to legal sales. Under the law of the State, liquor

must not be sold to be drunk on the premises. He filled little bottles

for his customers, and they could pass out to a vacant lot or some

convenient corner and take their drinks.

The women organized and visited his saloon, and entreated him to stop.

At last, after much boasting that he had plenty of money and could

stand the siege, he closed his saloon and left the town.

GRANVILLE, OHIO.

There were only four saloons in Granville. One of the dealers being

a Jew, would not, on “account of his religion,” allow the ladies to

come into his saloon to pray. But he spread carpeting on the sidewalk,

and brought out chairs for their accommodation, and they held their

prayer-meetings daily in front of his saloon.

One hotel-keeper closed his doors against them, but standing by the

closed door they sang: “Behold a stranger at the door.” A lady who was

present said: “It seemed as though the words had been prepared for the

occasion, and O’Kane had written the music for just such a time and

place: it can never sound to me again as it did that day.”

There was a woman who kept a saloon and grocery just outside of the

corporation limits. Just before leaving the church to visit her saloon,

the women were told that she was a rough and dangerous character, that

she had whipped her husband and driven him away, and that the parish

priest, for she was a Roman Catholic, could do nothing with her. But

trusting in God, the women went forth to visit her. They found her son

in charge of the store; she was in the back yard very angry. The ladies

went out to her, but she told them she had no time to talk with them.

When they next visited her saloon, the liquors had all been sent away;

and she was willing to talk to the ladies in a respectful manner.

The Crusaders then visited the brewery. Mrs. Thomas Adams gives the

following graphic account of that visit: “Two ferocious dogs were kept

by the brewer, which he let loose upon us, but the dogs would not harm

us. The man paced to and fro like an enraged lion in his cage, and

raved like a mad man.”

In a short time all the saloons were closed.

LEESBURG, OHIO.

The Crusade, which commenced January 29th, closed out all the saloons

in two weeks, and $50,000 was subscribed as a guarantee fund to keep it

clear. A correspondent wrote: “The last spike was driven in the coffin

of King Alcohol to-day.”

BLANCHESTER, OHIO.

The work commenced in February, and the little village of 600 was soon

cleared of the traffic.

GOSHEN, OHIO.

The Crusade was successful in this place, and when the last saloon

closed, all the bells in town were rung.

The overjoyed people, who were in their homes at the time, ran

bareheaded into the streets, to join the praying band; the children

of the public schools were dismissed, which added to the enthusiasm.

The only keg of beer found in the saloon was rolled out, and the bung

knocked in, and its contents poured into the gutter. The enthusiasm was

so great, that many embraced each other and wept for joy.

ZALESKI, OHIO.

All the saloons in this little village were closed by the Crusade.

TROY, OHIO.

On the 18th February, 1874, the Christian women of Troy came together

_with one accord_ to pray for the removal of the curse of intemperance.

They numbered fifty-three. Their number increased from day to-day, as

continued meetings were held. A wonderful degree of the Holy Spirit

was manifest.

On the 22d, a Temperance League was formed by the simple election of

a President (Mrs. J. B. Riley), and Secretary (Mrs. E. B. Meeks), and

the adoption of the solemn agreement to “_Make common cause against the

common enemy, Intemperance._” To this pledge were signed 737 names.

That pledge has been kept until the present date, September 20th, 1877.

Daily meetings were held for two years; since that they are

semi-weekly. Many have been reformed. To God be the glory forever.

MANSFIELD, OHIO.

I am indebted to Mrs. Fanny W. Leiter, State Secretary, for the

following facts:

The deep interest on the subject of Temperance which had been aroused

in the hearts of our citizens by the spirit which was abroad in the

land, found relief in action about the 25th of February, when a

petition was circulated, receiving 600 signatures, and presented to the

mayor, praying for a better enforcement of our Sunday laws.

Immediately following this, a few of our earnest women assembled at the

residence of one of their number, and, as a result of this gathering,

on Sunday, March 1st, notices were read in all the churches, calling

for a meeting of the women, to be held in the basement of the Methodist

Church on the following afternoon. Before the meeting was called to

order every chair was occupied and standing room was in demand. The

faces of that audience would have been a study for an artist. Deep

earnestness was the prevailing expression, varied by every shade

of emotion, such as curiosity, doubt, fear, credulity, enthusiasm,

hopefulness. Young faces took on an unusual gravity; older ones were

lighted by new and strong feeling; even women, bowed by three-score

years and ten, seemed filled with youthful ardor, and added dignity and

animation to the scene.

The petty distinction of wealth and social standing was forgotten, as

swayed by one common impulse, all minds were busy with the question:

“What can we do to destroy this common evil of intemperance?”

Mrs. McVay stated the reasons that seemed to demand such a gathering of

the women of our city.

After the appointment of a temporary chairman, many short and telling

speeches were made by women who, perhaps, had never before expressed

their minds to an audience, and, as a forward step, a committee of

seven ladies was directed to call upon the mayor, and see what he

could do to aid us. This committee met on Tuesday, and after prayer,

proceeded to visit his honor, the mayor. His signature was obtained to

a paper promising to do all in his power to enforce the laws bearing

upon the sale and use of intoxicating liquors.

The meeting of April 5th was held in the Methodist Church, filling the

audience-room.

After some preliminary discussion the “Women’s Christian Temperance

League,” of Mansfield, was organized with the following officers:

President, Mrs. J. H. Reed; Secretary, Mrs. Fannie Leiter;

Corresponding Secretary, Miss M. Brinkerhoff; Treasurer, Mrs. G. W.

Geddes.

A Vice-President from each of the twelve churches in the city, was also

appointed.

A strong personal pledge was passed around, and signed by nearly every

one present. Letters were read from several of the ministers of the

city, expressing sympathy with the movement, and bidding us “God speed.”

Restrictive pledges, signed by most of the physicians and druggists,

were handed in, unsolicited.

Women held morning prayer-meetings, which were largely attended by

business men who had agreed to close their places of business during

one hour in the forenoon.

The men agreed to raise a fund, if possible, amounting to $100,000,

to be assessed, not to exceed more than one per cent. This was a

very substantial proof of the interest the men took in the work of

reform, and the women were very thankful for the means to carry on

the work. Prayer-meetings were held both forenoon and afternoon,

and largely attended by men as well as women. Committees appointed

to visit saloons, by twos, performed their work faithfully. One of

them, the smallest one too, said she had “seen the giants” and was

_not affrighted_. All seemed of one mind that the time had come to

visit saloons in bands, and pray for saloon-keepers face to face. The

President expressed her willingness to do so if enough were agreed as

touching this one thing. After some talk and a few moments spent in

silent prayer, the question was put, and over one hundred rose to their

feet, though with manifest trembling.

The ladies who went to Ashland returned and made a favorable report of

the street work being done there. The desire to undertake a similar

work here was acted upon. All of the advisory committee approved,

and on taking a vote of the League, all rose to their feet. Feeling

had _intensified_ and _conviction deepened_ until many who, at the

outset of the work, shuddered at the thought, were willing to take the

course so strongly pointed out to them by Providence. The weather was

very inclement, and physical as well as moral courage was in demand.

A feeling of great solemnity prevailed as the procession, headed by

the president and secretary, moved out upon the street. The band was

formidable in point of numbers, nearly five hundred, many who were not

members of the League, joining in, to express their approbation of the

movement. All the saloons on each side of Main, down to Fourth street,

were visited.

The first three compelled us to hold our services upon the pavement,

all kneeling during the prayers. The proprietor of a fourth was

willing to admit the ladies, but the room, an underground apartment,

was already so packed with men and boys, who had congregated for the

purpose of witnessing, and thwarting the effort, that it was impossible

for more than twelve or fifteen to gain access; and the uproar of the

multitude proclaiming for their idol, seemed to defeat, for a little

time, our purpose. Finally, one of the band, pressed in spirit,

stepped upon a chair,--in the very presence of that rebellious crowd.

They were hushed in a moment to profound stillness, as she poured forth

her soul in behalf of the perishing people.

The ladies, as many as could get in, were admitted in several other

places, and treated with respect.

The convictions that followed the experiences of this day proved the

turning-point with many women, who, previous to this, were undecided as

to their duty in this matter.

March 13th.--The ladies went in two columns and visited all the

drinking establishments from Fourth street to the railroad. Exercises

were conducted mostly on the pavement, large crowds of people standing

around; some listened reverently and others talking angrily; the angry

tones were mostly in a foreign tongue. Some declared that if this thing

was to go on long, they would go back to Faderland, where they could

drink their lager in peace, with no _vimmen_ to “molest or make them

afraid.”

March 14th.--We divided our forces into smaller bands--organizing six,

with the more active ones as leaders. Three bands met together in the

morning, spent an hour in prayer, and then an hour or two in singing,

praying, and talking temperance, either in saloons, or on the pavement,

or gutter in front of them. This programme was repeated with little

variation in the afternoon. They were warned against _concentration_,

and threatened with the contents of beer barrels; nevertheless they

continued to _concentrate_, and “bearded the lion in his den” so long

as seemed unto them good.

The McConnelsville Ordinance, somewhat modified, was passed March

17th, to the great joy of many friends of temperance and the sorrow of

others, who believed that prayer was the only weapon to be used in this

warfare, and that the rum-sellers themselves were quite as open to its

influence as the executors of the law. Election day, April 5th, was

observed by the members of the League as a day of fasting and prayer.

There was undivided joy over the result of the election, which gave a

majority, considered in favor of temperance, and left the council as

before--three against and five for the ordinance.

April 1st, the day when the ordinance should have gone into force, saw

every saloon closed, at least in appearance, and silence reigned in

our streets for the space of half a month, save an occasional meeting

in one of the wholesale liquor-houses. Several saloonists had agreed,

previous to this, to quit the business--two of them women. Eighteen

less licenses for selling liquors were taken out on May 1st, 1874,

than on May 1st, 1873. Official returns showed a great decrease In the

amount of liquors of all kinds sold in the month of February, March and

April, of 1874. A property-holders’ pledge was circulated and generally

signed. Druggists’ and physicians’ pledges were pressed earnestly and

signed, with but a very few exceptions, by the men of influence. A

petition against license received nearly 1,000 signatures. Personal

pledges were made by many, the turning-point to a better life. Our

all-day sessions of the League, the four mass-meetings a week at the

Opera House, the Sunday afternoon prayer and conference meetings, were

all attended and participated in by a very large number of the better

class of our citizens.

In a word, a strong tide of temperance sentiment prevailed, which,

taken at the _flood_, by those who should, for the sake of humanity,

have ruled our city in the fear of God, would have led on to the

entire overthrow of the liquor traffic and its consequent evils. This

fortunate end was not reached.

Nevertheless, in the language of one of our beloved co-workers,

Mrs. Wilson, “God honors the smallest particle of faith in Him.” We

hesitate not to claim the undeniable good wrought in our midst as

answers vouchsafed to the many believing prayers offered by earnest and

untiring workers in the cause of temperance. We heard more than one

ex-saloonist say that he was glad he had quit a business which did harm

to himself and customers. Our hearts were gladdened every Sabbath by

seeing those seated among us, clothed and in their right minds, who,

one year before, were estranged from church, family and friends by that

destroyer of all the better faculties of the soul--_intemperance_. Many

of our faithful and devout sisters gave it as their experience at the

close of the year, that it had been the richest and noblest of their

lives. “Good measure, pressed down and running over,” was given them by

the rewarder of the faithful.

The daily meetings of the League, the visiting of saloons in bands, or

as committees, the circulation of the various pledges and petitions,

the distributing of tracts, the visiting of those sick, and in prison,

and a large amount of private temperance work, took a great deal

of time and strength. This work was done, mostly, by women whose

domestic cares had, heretofore, occupied their time and thoughts.

It was a work _added to_ the _more important_, and done in place of

the less important duties of wives, mothers and sisters, but it was

done promptly and cheerfully, and not _one of them all died_ from the

overwork or exposure.

We have yet to learn that any member of the house-holds represented,

were _materially injured_ by the reduced fare of their tables, or the

depleted state of their wardrobes. Still, after so long a time as eight

weeks, the fact was recognized that the Crusaders were not blessed as

the wandering Israelites, “whose garments waxed not old upon them,

whose shoes waxed not old upon their feet, and whose bread dropped

from heaven!” Working-time was at first reduced one-half; then three

meetings a week were held, and this continued until the 1st of August.

The work upon the street changed its form several times, to suit the

change in the impressions of the workers, as to the better mode of

conducting such services. The last direct appeals to the saloonists,

were made on the 27th of May--nearly three months from the beginning

of the work. The dealers in liquors, both wholesale and retail, who,

at first, were at least polite, and often apologetic, in their talks

with the ladies, offering to quit the business if any other employment

could be found, or to sell out at half or one-fourth the value, again

revived their courage, under the failure to enforce the ordinance, and

evident cooling off of some advocates of the movement, and closed their

doors and ears to all appeals. Outdoor meetings were held in various

parts of the city, in the daytime conducted by the women, and on Friday

evening in the Park, mostly addressed by our ministers and lawyers, who

were not yet afraid to speak their minds on the subject of temperance.

Meetings of this kind were kept up as long as the weather permitted.

Then prayer-meetings in private houses were undertaken, under the

auspices of the League, which have been fruitful of much good.

Mrs. Leiter, an active member of the League, was chosen as Secretary

of the State Temperance organization. A convention, held in the

interest of the cause, made up of delegates from the several townships

of Richland county, convened in the Opera House, June 13th, 1874.

A permanent county organization was effected, with Mrs. McVay,

President; Mrs. Patterson, Secretary; Mrs. Mercer, Treasurer, and one

Vice-President from each township.

This was the beginning of a good work for this county; men and women

going miles into the country to talk temperance up, and license down.

The majority against license was largely increased by the vote of

Richland county. A temperance picnic, held on the 4th of July, and

addressed by “Mother Stewart,” was a success in every way. On July

25th the trial of Wm. Etz, for breaking the Ale and Beer Ordinance,

was begun, and occupied the attention of the people for five days,

being held in the court-room. The temperance women attended, both

as witnesses and spectators, and were compelled to hear more unkind

remarks, and to receive more discourteous treatment, than during

the entire campaign, up to that time. The water showered on them,

from a down-town saloon, was (to speak in a figure) but a _drop_ to

the _buckets full_ dashed at their devoted heads by these vigorous

defenders of the beer-keg. To have their own _favorite weapons_, the

words of _holy writ_, arrayed against them by their enemies, was

both a surprise and a grief. The verdict rendered in the case was a

death-blow to any hope of the ordinance being of use under the existing

administration. Nothing was really lost but much gained by the trial;

among other things a better knowledge of the foes of our cause, who

stand as well behind the bar of justice, as the bar of the saloon.

At the beginning of the second quarter a constitution and by-laws were

adopted. Previous to this a simple pledge served to bind us together.

At this time, also, a reporter was appointed, who gave to the public,

in a series of articles, such work of the League as seemed of general

interest.

Several temperance meetings were held on Sunday afternoon, especially

for children; but this important branch did not receive the attention

it merited until after the close of the first year. In the latter part

of August the League meetings were reduced to one each week, and these

have since been held regularly upon Wednesday afternoon. At least one

general temperance meeting was held each month during the year.

During the winter a permanent place of organization came into effect.

Committees were appointed to canvass the city for members, presenting

at the same time two petitions for signatures--one to be sent to the

Ohio Legislature, praying against the repeal of the Adair law; the

other a memorial to Congress, asking for restrictive laws in the

manufacture of alcoholic drinks in the District of Columbia, and the

Territories.

Three assessments were collected in part, on the $30,000 of stock

actually taken by the temperance men of Mansfield, for the use of the

League. At the time of permanent organization the stockholders were

released from further assessment.

However much the work fell short of the desired end during the months

usually denominated the existence of the Crusade proper--whatever

weakness was manifested in plan or performance, we are sure of one

thing: it was done in the fear of God and for love of humanity.

The great _mistake_ committed by some, was in considering the _Crusade

ended_ when the street work ceased. That was a striking feature of the

work, but a feature _only_, not the soul or body, as the following

months have demonstrated.

Of the enthusiastic 500 who went forth upon that eventful day in March,

1874, the majority are not with us in active work at this time, having

either from necessity returned to imperative home interests--though

their hearts are still in the work; or, with the ebbing tide of popular

sentiment, drifted to the open sea of indifference, but continuing in

readiness to help swell the next oncoming wave.

A score and more of earnest laborers have continued faithful, through

some opposition and many discouragements, during the past three years,

guarding with a jealous care, the true interests of this great reform;

and to-day ask no greater reward, than the consciousness that they have

been following the path of duty.

RIPLEY, OHIO.

This beautiful town is situated on the Ohio river, and contains about

3,500 inhabitants.

The place became prominent during anti-slavery times, because of its

“_underground railway_.”

If a fugitive slave once set foot on the streets of that town, he was

safe, no matter if his pursuers were at his heels. Somehow or other he

was spirited away, and though every house was searched with a lighted

candle, he could not be found.

My first recollections of Ripley were in this connection. I lived

in Maysville, Ky., a neighboring town, which was an important slave

market, and often whole families would escape from their masters and

find a refuge there; and though so hotly pursued that they were in

sight when they entered the town, nothing more would be heard of them.

But while fighting human slavery so heroically and successfully, that

all southern Kentucky was in a measure stripped of her slaves, the

other slavery--the worse slavery of the drink habit, was carried on

without restraint in their midst.

But early in the Crusade movement, the women rallied to this work, and

carried it on heroically.

The Crusade began in Ripley, February 5th, and in nine days seventeen

saloons were closed. Some of the German dealers were so frightened and

disgusted, that they returned to the “Faderland.” The German minister

who tried to rally them for the conflict, was soon prayed out of town.

A correspondent writing from there while the contest was going on,

gives the following graphic account of one day’s work:

“Saturday we went to Sprenger’s with an advance guard; for we had heard

most bitter threats that he had made. Imagine our delight when he met

us in the most cordial way, and, after singing and prayer, gave us

his name to the dealers’ pledge. Mr. Hauser, the German druggist, who

first declined to sign the pledge, sent for the ladies and gave his

name most willingly. Mr. Scholter promised, by his country, his God,

and his wife, never to sell another drop of intoxicating liquor, and we

know he has kept it in the face of strong entreaty to the contrary. Mr.

Reinert received the ladies the first day, but the second closed his

door. Down on their knees the ladies fell upon the pavement, in snow

and sleet, with a most pitiless wind blowing. Men stood with uncovered

heads, and the crowd wept. A commander of our navy, who has faced death

and danger, said he could not endure this sight, and tears coursed over

his face. Close against the pane a mother bowed in prayer, and a moment

later the door was opened, and Mr. Reinert said, ‘Ladies, I will quit

the business; send a committee of your business men to me.’ They went,

and he arranged to dispose of his stock.”

Rev. Granville Moody, a Methodist minister, who had been a colonel

in the Union army during the war--a man of wonderful courage and

possessing great wit and power, was stationed there at the time, and

backed up the work by his influence. His wife, a talented leader, was

prominent and efficient in the work.

The ladies entered every open door.

The steamer _Wildwood_, which plied daily between Maysville and

Cincinnati, received a share of their attention, because of the bar on

board.

One day, as she came in from Maysville, a large crowd of Crusaders were

awaiting. When she blew her whistle they responded with sacred song:

“Shall we gather at the river.”

Captain Powers, a born gentleman, received the ladies politely, and

conducted them on board the boat, where they held a prayer-meeting.

Captain Powers signed the personal pledge, as did many others, and “the

barkeeper promised not to sell to citizens of Ripley.”

All the meetings in this town were remarkable for spiritual power, and

the prayerful efforts of the women in their work were crowned with a

good degree of success.

TIFFIN, OHIO.

This town, with a population of nine thousand, had, at the beginning of

the Crusade, sixty-five saloons.

After visiting the saloons for some time, in bands, the ladies changed

their tactics, on the 31st of March, and placed pickets at nearly all

the saloons in the city. At some they were admitted, at others locked

out. Several of the saloons closed on account of the pickets, and the

proprietors went to the country.

The city marshal, at several places where the guards were denied

admittance, opened the doors, and told the ladies to enter and stay as

long as they pleased. The traffic dropped off wonderfully. Christian

Mueller, the principal brewer, said that if the Crusade continued

thirty days longer he would be compelled to shut down.

The second saloon surrender took place April 7th. It was kept by D.

Bartell, and was one of the worst saloons in the city. The proprietor

signed the pledge, and the ladies emptied the stock of liquors in his

cellar, into the gutter.

Wagner & Brickner, proprietors of the distillery, were driven almost to

desperation. They were compelled to redeem from the bonded warehouse

$5,000 worth of whiskey per week until the 1st of May, and their sales

were too slim to aid them in the task.

A public meeting was called, April 8th, in the city hall, to take

measures to get the mayor, to issue a proclamation forbidding the

women the right to carry on the Crusade any longer. The meeting was a

failure; only about one hundred and fifty saloon-keepers and bummers

congregated, while the temperance mass-meeting at National Hall was

overcrowded.

The ladies, besides going to the saloons in bands, resorted to the

picket system, and smaller bands remained at the saloons, from eight

A. M. till ten P. M., the pickets being changed every hour.

This proved, during the Crusade, to be the most effectual way to break

down the traffic. None but men lost to shame will go into a saloon

in the presence of Christian women, and over their remonstrances and

prayers, to drink.

BELLEFONTAINE, OHIO.

Mrs. I. S. Gardner, April 6th, 1874, wrote the following in regard to

the work:

The first surrender of special consequence was that of J---- J----. Mr.

J---- is of Irish descent, and has been used to liquor-selling all his

life. He was one among the first that was visited, and while he treated

the band with respect, he was very loud in his denunciations against

this interference in his business. His place was considered one of the

worst, as a general resort, for those not only long addicted to drink,

but also for those just commencing. The ladies had reason to suppose it

would take a long siege to convince him of the wrong, much less induce

him to quit the business.

On Monday the first visit was made. On Wednesday he began, under the

influence of Mother Stewart’s talking, to show signs of weakening. He

had prepared himself for a vigorous biblical controversy, having his

Bible in hand and passages selected which seemed to him to support his

position. But she speedily knocked the props from under him, and left

him without the support he had counted on. At the morning meeting

on Thursday he made his appearance, and announced his readiness to

surrender, and at the suggestion of those in whom he had confidence,

made it complete by signing the pledge not only to cease selling, but

also to abstain from drinking. The scene was impressive. Every heart

that sympathized in the movement was full, and the ladies of the

League, and others, filed by where he was standing, and taking him by

the hand bid him “God speed.” Since then he has made some very telling

speeches, and given evidence of a contrite heart.

The other case is that of Mr. T. L. M----. Even before any visits were

made to him, it had been reported that powder and lead would be used

in case of interference with his trade, and a band went there with

considerable doubt, but with brave hearts. For about a week, visits

were made under various conditions; sometimes noisy demonstrations

were made, as well as rudeness offered, and again a better show of

respect. There were many interesting incidents connected with this

case, which would take too much time and space to relate. Finally,

one afternoon, he hung out a white flag, and it was supposed to be a

token of surrender, but on being visited by a band, he refused to sign

the pledge, nor would he let the ladies stand near the door. On the

next day a similar scene was enacted. At his request a committee of

gentlemen visited him, and settled the matter, so that, on Wednesday

evening of the week following the first visit, he made his appearance

at a mass-meeting and signed the pledge. On the following Sabbath he

attended church for the first time, it is said, in five years. It is

believed by every one that he will remain true to his pledge. Mr. M.

was a wholesale and retail dealer.

Mr. R---- is the only one who holds out, under, it is believed, the

support of dealers in Cleveland and Cincinnati, but the women are as

determined as the dealers, and have the advantage, in being at no

expense. The dealers may as well succumb, as the women say they have

started out on this Crusade for _life_, if necessary, to stop the

traffic, and will instruct their daughters to keep it up. The only

work performed here is picketing Mr. R----’s establishment, which is

done more to redeem the hard drinkers, who are about the only ones

that visit the place, than with the expectation of closing it up. This

latter is merely a matter of time.

MRS. I. S. GARDNER,

President Ladies’ League, Bellefontaine, Ohio.

* * * * *

I glean the following from the _Cincinnati Gazette_: April

4th.--“Roades declares that only law can prevail against him. Monday’s

election will be an exciting one. Ladies are calling on voters and

urging them to do their duty on Monday.”

April 9th.--“The election passed off quietly, although some of the

offices were hotly contested. Mayor Walker was re-elected. The women

are untiring in their work against whiskey. Judge West addressed a

large audience on Tuesday evening, and Judge Cole will speak to-night.”

“The women of this town have settled down to solid, earnest, persistent

work.”

SPRINGFIELD, OHIO.

The following facts are gleaned from the _Springfield Republic_, the

special correspondence of the _Cincinnati Gazette_, and from Mother

Stewart’s statement:

“The first mass-meeting mentioned occurred January 23d, 1872. Allen

Hall was well filled, on Monday evening, on the occasion of an address

on the liquor traffic, by Mrs. E. D. Stewart. The speaker gave an

interesting and able address.” _Springfield Republic._

The editor of this paper, Mr. C. M. Nichols, a member of the

Congregational Church, was a staunch friend of temperance, and in every

way, before and during the Crusade, gave aid to the cause.

Several suits, brought by the wives of drunkards to recover damages,

under the Adair law, from liquor-dealers, added to the general interest.

Mother Stewart hearing accidentally that a woman had such a suit

pending in court, in company with Mrs. John Foos, went to the

court-room, and the attorney for the plaintiff induced her to make the

opening plea to the jury.

The case was won, and the wife was awarded one hundred dollars damages.

In October, 1873, another case was brought to her notice. A woman in

deep distress, with streaming eyes, told her a sad story of suffering

and want. Her husband was a drunkard.

This woman belonged to a worthy family, was the sister of a

distinguished minister in the South, who at that time was president of

a college; she had always been accustomed to plenty, till robbed of all

by the liquor-dealers. Knowing Mother Stewart’s connection with the

case above mentioned, she appealed to her.

To fight this matter through the courts was not a pleasant task, and

she was about to turn away from the woman; the lines of wretchedness

on that sad, tearful face, arrested her. “No, I dare not do that; she

will haunt me in my dying hour,” was the thought that brought her to a

decision. So she not only accompanied her to the law office of Mower &

Rawlins, and secured the aid of one of the firm, but she stirred up the

ladies of Springfield in behalf of this woman, so cruelly wronged and

robbed by liquor-dealers.

The trial was fixed for the 16th of October, and many ladies were in

the court-room, but the defence secured a postponement till the 21st.

The papers took up the matter, general interest was excited, and, when

the day of trial came, the court-room was crowded with the best men and

women of the city. The excitement was intense. Mother Stewart made a

plea, and charged the jury. The suit was gained, and $300 awarded to

the wronged wife as damages.

In the meantime a petition to the city council was circulated, and the

names of six hundred ladies and sixty men were secured, asking the

council to enforce the laws for the suppression of intemperance. This

petition was presented by the ladies, and Mother Stewart and Mrs. J. A.

S. Guy addressed the council in its behalf. The committee, to whom this

petition was referred by the council, made the following report, which

shows that they were “men of _words_, if not of _deeds_:”

“We also give it as our deliberate judgment, that the matters to which

this petition refers is one of such transcendent importance as to

demand of this council the exhausting of every means within its power

to divest it of its capacity for making misery and crime within our

midst.

“The universal sense of the Christian world condemns drunkenness as

a crime.... And if this be so on recognized principles, measures are

demanded to prevent it and punish it.

“The temperance movement throughout the land has suffered more from

the indiscretion of its friends than from the open opposition of its

enemies.

“We are therefore not in favor of recommending council to grant what is

asked for by the petitioners.”

The city council formally adopted the following:

“_Resolved_, That the indulgence in intoxicating drinks, whereby

neglect and want are brought home to the family, is a crime against

nature, and it is expedient to exercise any authority, or impose any

punishment, necessary to prevent it.

“_Resolved_, That it is an apparent and acknowledged fact that there

is an indulgence in intoxicating drinks in this city, which deprive

families of peace, comfort, and a proper support, and there are those

who take, in exchange for their drinks, the money known to be needed

for family support, contrary to law.”

These bombastic resolutions did not frighten the rum-sellers. They went

on with their illegal sales without fear. They had learned long before,

that these official utterances were to quiet the public conscience,

and shield law-makers from well-deserved contempt.

The Bible in the pulpit of one of the Methodist churches was stolen and

sold for drink in a saloon. In the meantime, Mrs. Guy, after a night of

watching and prayer, wrote a resolution, and presented it to the City

Benevolent Association.

The result was, a committee was appointed to confer with the ministers,

and secure their co-operation in holding mass-meetings. The ministers

were called upon in their weekly meeting, and a union mass-meeting

arranged for in the Lutheran Church. This first meeting took place

December 2d, 1873. The second mass-meeting occurred December 17th, and

was addressed by Revs. J. W. Spring and Allen, Mr. Jackson, and Mother

Stewart. Every seat in the body of the Central M. E. Church was filled,

and the aisles were seated, and every foot of standing room taken.

The speeches were strong and spirited, and there was a great deal of

enthusiasm.

When Mr. Nichols was called on to speak, he asked that the audience

might be addressed by Mother Stewart instead. When she came forward,

carrying a glass tumbler full of liquor, and told where and how she got

it, the interest was intense. It was against the law to sell liquors

on the Sabbath day; but everybody knew, and the city authorities knew

well, that this law was being broken every week. On Sunday morning,

December 16th, she had disguised herself with an old circular cloak and

sun-bonnet, and gone into a saloon through the back door. She found a

number of young men and old buying liquors. Approaching the counter,

she asked for a drink. And when asked what she would have, she said,

“Sherry wine.”

The barkeeper poured it out; she questioned him before the men as to

what it was, etc., and then laying a ten-cent piece on the counter she

took the glass and rushed from the room with all possible speed.

She appealed to the men as to whether they would prosecute this case,

and several hands went up.

Weekly meetings were decided upon, and the next mass-meeting was held

December 24th, in the Presbyterian Church.

On January 7th, 1874, a Woman’s League was formed, with the following

officers:

Mother Stewart, President; Vice-Presidents, 1st ward, Mrs. Wm. Barnett;

2d ward, Mrs. Dr. Tee-garden; 3d ward, Mrs. Thomas I. Finch; 4th ward,

Mrs. John Foos; 5th ward, Mrs. James Kinney; Secretary, Mrs. J. A. S.

Guy; Treasurer, Mrs. James Cathcart.

Springfield was a large town, larger than any of the towns where the

Crusade had been made successful, and there was a general feeling that

the plan of saloon visiting, introduced elsewhere, could not be carried

out in cities.

But the women, who were following the pillar and the cloud, on Tuesday,

January 11th, commenced street work. The first day there were only

thirty or forty ladies in the band, but the second day the number was

doubled. The first visit was to the Lagonda House Saloon. Admission

being refused, the ladies held their services before the door, Mrs.

Cosler making the first prayer, and Mother Stewart addressing the

crowds of people gathered to see the strange sight. The next day they

were in the street again. They were admitted at the Lagonda House,

but the crowd was locked out. The prayer-meeting was held in the

billiard-room.

At the next saloon they were not admitted, and when Mother Stewart

attempted to talk to the crowd, the saloon-keeper came out and

shrieked, “Get away: get away, every one of you; I don’t want any

trespassers on my premises; you shan’t stand on my steps!” But the

people cried, “Go on! go on!” and a policeman took the irate saloonist

in charge and restored order.

That evening Dio Lewis spoke in Springfield. The Opera House was

packed, and the meeting, which was addressed by Van Pelt, Dio Lewis,

and Mother Stewart, ended in a blaze of enthusiasm.

The next morning, at nine o’clock, the Central Methodist Church was

crowded with ladies. Dio Lewis and Van Pelt were present, and a still

larger number of ladies were enlisted for the work. Not long afterwards

Mrs. James Kinney was chosen as leader of the band. Hundreds of women

engaged in the work, and labored hard and long. Among the prominent

workers were Mrs. Kinney, Guy, Foos, Cathcart, Banes, and many other

noble women whose names cannot be mentioned, but whose record is on

high.

Mother Stewart was called out much into the general work, and did

efficient service during the canvass against the “_License Clause_,” in

the new Constitution, which was defeated by the efforts of the women of

the Crusade, and the zeal they inspired among temperance men.

The State was thoroughly canvassed, and the victory won.

A State Temperance Convention was held in Springfield, February 24th.

About one thousand delegates were present. Dio Lewis acted as temporary

chairman and organized the meeting.

Mrs. H. C. McCabe, of Delaware, was elected permanent president, a

position she was well calculated to fill, and which she has held ever

since.

There was great enthusiasm in the convention, and many of the heroic

workers, who met each other for the first time in this, the first State

convention of women, have, in the years that have followed, worked and

planned for the extension of the cause like sisters, with loving trust

and confidence.

April 3d, a county organization was formed in Clarke county.

The convention was held at Springfield, in Black’s Opera House. Four

hundred and fifty women marched from head-quarters in procession to

the hall. Mother Stewart was elected President; Vice-Presidents, Mrs.

Bennett and Mrs. Cathcart for the city, and one for each township

outside of the city; Secretary, Mrs. J. A. S. Guy; Treasurer, Capt.

Penny Stewart.

This is said to have been the first county organization in the State.

On April 6th the spring election for municipal officers took place.

The claims of temperance had been pressed, and the ballot-box, it had

been urged, was the most effectual way to curtail the power of alcohol.

The election was one of the most exciting the city had ever known.

On Saturday evening previous, large mass-meetings of workingmen were

addressed by Mrs. M. W. Banes and Mother Stewart; and on election day

an all-day prayer-meeting was held.

The temperance ticket was carried by a fine majority.

The plan of work soon after changed, the picket system being resorted

to. The guards were relieved every two hours. But as there were, at

the beginning of the Crusade, about one hundred and thirty saloons

scattered over a town of fifteen thousand inhabitants, to station such

an army over the town demanded a heavy force and great sacrifices. The

traffic fell off wonderfully. Some saloons were closed, a better public

sentiment prevailed, and a more faithful execution of the laws against

beer and tippling houses was secured.

The men in this town stood gallantly by the women in their work.

Special mention should be made of the faithful labors of C. M. Nichols,

editor of the _Springfield Republic_--a fearless advocate of temperance

and anti-license; Dr. Cloakey, of the U. P. Church, who was always

ready to help the women with prayer or counsel, or a speech, and

who brought forth treasures, new and old, from his rich storehouse

of scripture knowledge, with marvellous aptness and effect. Though

very aged and feeble, he seemed as enthusiastic as in the prime and

fire of youth. He has two sons in the ministry; both follow in his

footsteps, and are ardent temperance workers. Rev. J. W. Spring, of

the Methodist Church, was an earnest, capable worker, and a competent

adviser; and Rev. M. W. Hamma, of the Evangelical Lutheran Church,

a most enthusiastic worker and eloquent speaker. Many of the laymen

did effective service, and contributed largely to the success of the

women’s work in Springfield.

These pages are not devoted to the workers, but to the _work_; and yet,

when the names of heroic workers are known, they are recorded.

It seems eminently proper in this connection to refer to the services,

abroad, of Mother Stewart, which resulted in great good, and, with the

co-operation of Mrs. Parker, the organization of a “British Woman’s

Temperance Union.”

She was met and welcomed at Liverpool; and at almost every town she

visited in England, Ireland and Scotland, grand receptions were given

her, at which the dignitaries of the towns presided and made speeches.

The greatest enthusiasm prevailed, and large audiences greeted her

everywhere. In London an audience rose to their feet and waved their

handkerchiefs and cheered enthusiastically when she was introduced as

“_A Crusader_.”

Perhaps the most magnificent reception given her was in Glasgow,

Scotland, in the Queen’s room, which had been most elegantly draped

with white flounced lace curtains and American flags, and flags of

various nationalities, looped up with roses and ivy; while the rarest

exotics ladened the air with perfume. Six hundred of Glasgow’s most

prominent and respected citizens were there, as a select company, to

give addresses of welcome, and partake with her the sumptuous feast

provided. Mrs. Margarete E. Parker was very active in securing for her

a favorable hearing.

Every American woman has reason to be proud and thankful, for the

marked attention shown to one of her countrywomen, but especially the

women who worked in the Crusade; as the respect and attention shown

to Mother Stewart was very largely due to her connection with that

wonderful movement, which at the time won a world-wide fame, and which

future generations will commend, and embalm in song and story, as the

Woman’s Crusade.

NEWARK, OHIO.

This town contains about 3,000 inhabitants, and is situated at the

intersection of the Baltimore and Ohio, and Pittsburgh, Chicago and St.

Louis railroads.

At the beginning of the Crusade there were in this little town _fifty

saloons_, or one for every sixty of its inhabitants.

The writer of these pages has occasion to remember the miserable

tumble-down old building where unfortunate passengers were forced to

wait to make connection, and the whiskey saloon, called a “Restaurant,”

near by. One night detained at this place till midnight, the

drunkenness and revelry and profanity were positively alarming.

The yelling, hooting, wrangling and fighting were kept up with little

intermission till the midnight train, that bore us away, came in. The

fumes of tobacco and whiskey as that crowd of men gathered at the depot

were almost stifling.

Fifty or sixty men, in all stages of intoxication, reeled out

from their midnight orgies to see the train come in and block the

passage-ways.

But early in March the Crusade began. At first there was a strong

feeling against the movement. Men were afraid their business would be

injured. Some went so far as to forbid their wives having anything to

do with it. But it was not long till all this opposition broke down,

except on the part of dealers.

The women went to the church, and there consecrated themselves to God,

and marched out right past their homes, right past their husbands’

stores, and banks, and offices; and as the solemn procession filed into

the saloons, singing gospel songs, irate husbands, melted to tears, all

anger, all opposition gone, stood reverently, with uncovered heads. It

was not long till the railroad saloons were closed by the companies,

and those horrid dens of iniquity broken up.

A correspondent gives the following:

“Yesterday was the Ides of March in whiskey in Newark. It is as

assuredly inaugurated there as the rebellion when the first red-hot

ball leaped from Sumter’s wall, and upon its panoply is already

written, ‘Mene, tekel upharsin.’ The Fort Sumter of the whiskey war was

the first prayer proclaimed from woman’s lips at Washington Court-House

for the Great Father above, who presides over our destinies, to assist

them to abolish that which has enervated the mightiest minds, and

brought ruin and desolation to many a happy and prosperous family.

Never shall I forget the touching and imposing spectacle that burst

upon my view as I beheld, walking calmly, solemnly, and deliberately,

over two hundred ladies, representing our best society, enshrined with

silence and beautified by tears. The streets were crowded by thousands

as they moved, and many a head was uncovered as the ladies passed, as

if they had a special power from God.

“Soon they stopped before one of our saloons, and the ladies were

received there, as at other places, with politeness and consideration.

Failing to get the signature of the proprietor to a petition, they

knelt in fervent prayer, and, with eyes raised to heaven, asked the

God of love to help them. There was in the attitude of those women,

with eyes raised to heaven, something far more powerful and touching

than speech; for even if God had turned a deaf ear to their earnest

entreaties, yet in that attitude they would have been dignified. Men

stood there, not in ridicule, that probably never heard a fervent

prayer, with uncovered heads and tearful eyes, as if impressed that

the angels of heaven were hovering above them. On several occasions,

as our ladies took some of our saloonists by the hands, tears could be

seen streaming down the cheeks of both men and women, and as eyes met

eyes, they dropped in reverence, as if to conceal their thoughts. Even

a laugh at such a time seemed to jar discordantly on such enchanting

silence, for they seemed, in that touching immobility, as if in

communion with God. Laugh, as I have, ye that may read my letter, at

its magic power; but when one reflects that it is our mothers, our

sisters, our wives, that are praying, weeping, beseeching, and asking

in the name of humanity, in the name of God, to overcome an evil

that has ruined millions of the human race, and filled our jails and

prisons, unless one be destitute of feeling, they cannot look upon such

scenes unmoved. As the ladies passed a house yesterday, the husband

stormed, and the wife laughed; but no sooner had that multitude of

solemn women commenced to sing,

“‘Nearer, my God, to Thee,’

than the husband burst into tears, and, throwing his arms

around his wife, he said, ‘My dear wife, I cannot resist that song. I

am now convinced that it is the power of God that moves that column.

Go and join them, and may God bless you.’ Bulwer says, ‘The pen is

mightier than the sword.’ I declare that prayer uttered from woman’s

lips is mightier than the law. I hope that moderation and consistency

may ever accompany these movements, and nothing transpire to mar their

dignity or true nobility. The epoch that crowned this movement will

never be forgotten. It is just in its infancy; it will not only sweep

over the republic, but knock at all the doors of Europe for admission,

and women will at last, by this movement, have an epitaph written upon

that which is less perishable than marble--upon the hearts of untold

millions--by the touching pencil of gratitude. Our women, as I close,

are again on the march. They have divided into squads, and their songs

and prayers constantly fall upon the ear, thence to be borne aloft

upon the invisible chords, and rehearsed to the courts of God by the

heavenly harpists.”

The enthusiasm became so great that the church was crowded every

morning long before the hour for meeting had arrived. Business houses

were closed, and a solemn silence pervaded the streets.

A friend of mine visiting Newark during the Crusade, reached there

on the nine o’clock train. The streets were empty, the doors of the

business houses nearly all closed.

She hastened to the church, which she found crowded to its utmost

capacity. Pushing through the group about the door, she obtained a view

of the audience. A deep solemnity pervaded the place. The very air

seemed surcharged with spiritual influences. Many were weeping.

She kept her position by the door till the band arose to move out on

the street. A passage-way was cleared by a motion of a hand, and the

ladies marched out two and two, like a funeral procession. She fell

into the procession, and went with them to the saloons, and saw what

she had never seen before, a hand-to-hand fight with the powers of

darkness, led on by _Christian_ women. The struggle was too intense to

last long; but victory turned on Israel’s side, and many saloons were

closed.

Visiting the town the following autumn, it seemed transformed.

No saloons about the depot; no drunken men reeling through the

streets; but a degree of thrift and good order was visible on every

side.

The week before there had been a county fair, and liquor had flowed

freely there, and many of the weak had fallen into the snare.

But the town authorities, if they were not diligent in punishing the

men who had sold to minors, and drunkards, contrary to law, were very

prompt in arresting the victims, and thrusting them into the jail.

In company with other ladies, I visited the jail. It was a cold, frosty

morning.

The massive iron door closed behind us with a heavy clank, and was

locked. But there was still another wall of iron lattice-work between

us and the prisoners, which was opened, and we were ushered into the

presence of the inmates, and the iron gate locked behind us. The

atmosphere was stifling. Groups of men and boys were sitting on the

stone floor, for _there were no chairs_. They arose when we entered. It

was a pitiful sight. Most of them were ragged and filthy and unkept.

There was no chance for personal cleanliness, and little for fresh air.

No books, papers, or anything to encourage thoughts of a better life,

or give comfort. With a hearty “Good-morning, brother,” we shook hands

with each. We told them that we were the friends of Jesus, and came in

His name to tell them that He loved them, and wanted to be their Friend

in this the time of their need. As we talked, many were moved to tears.

We sang “Rock of Ages, cleft for me,” and knelt on the cold, hard,

stone floor to pray. Some knelt, others crouched down on the floor,

and hid their faces in their ragged sleeves, and sobbed aloud as we

told God all about their need of Him as a Friend and Helper.

“What can you sing?” inquired one of the ladies. “Shall we gather

at the river?” several responded, and most of them joined in the

singing. They had learned it in the Sunday-school. Looking around, we

saw curious iron cages across the entire end of the room, and eyes

glaring at us like the eyes of animals, and fingers thrust through

the iron lattice like claws. Human beings thrust into these dark

cells, with stone walls on seven sides of the room, and only the iron

grating on one side for light, and heat, and air. And for what crime?

Drunkenness. Every man and boy in that jail, and there were about

fifteen, was there for drunkenness, but one. He was there for forgery,

and he too confessed that he drank freely. Going to one after another

of these cages, unfit for animals, and pressing my face against the

iron bars, I could see that the rooms were about seven by four or five

feet. More than half of the prisoners were under age. Where were the

saloon-keepers who sold them liquor in violation of law? Why were they

not behind these bars instead of these boys? Perhaps at that hour they

were hob-nobbing with some politician as to how they would carry the

next election, and break down the Crusade and all law. I could only

thrust two of my fingers through the grating in an attempt to shake

hands, as I said, “Good-morning, brother.”

Immediately the fingers were clasped by the hand of the inmate, and

the sad eyes lighted up with a look of welcome.

“You are very young to be here,” I said to one, _a mere boy_, who held

on to my finger tips, while his eyes filled with tears. “Have you a

mother?”

“No. She died when I was a baby.”

Oh, what a story of neglect and heart hunger and temptation _that_

little sentence told.

“Have you a father?”

“No. Leastwise I dun no’ if he’s alive. He never paid no attention to

me. He never cared for nothing but whiskey.”

“I hope you don’t drink.”

“I take a spree sometimes. I took too much at the fair, that’s the

reason I am caged.”

I talked to him kindly and lovingly; the tears ran down my face, till

the iron bars were wet, while he sobbed as though his heart would

break, and the dear women about me were all in tears, and many of the

men were weeping, when we knelt there to pray in his behalf, that the

All-pitiful Father would look on this orphan boy with compassion, and

pleaded for His mercy upon them all.

When we bade him farewell he sobbed out, “I’ll never drink any more.”

Oh, that God would hasten the time when liquor-dealers will be put

behind iron bars for selling intoxicating liquors, instead of boys for

drinking them.

URBANA, OHIO.

The facts that make up this report are gleaned mainly from a

_Temperance extra_ published daily, furnished me by the Society.

The Crusade wave reached this place March 9th, and found the Christian

women ready to obey the Master’s word, “Go ye also into my vineyard

and labor.” They too had, with feelings of grief and terror, seen

the ominous cloud of intemperance settling down over the fair cities

and happy homes of our land, and had called aloud upon the Lord for

deliverance, and he had heard them.

In response to notices given in the different churches of the city,

a large meeting of the women was held in the Presbyterian Church, at

three o’clock P. M., March 9th, 1874. After singing and prayer, they

organized with the following officers: President, Mrs. G. W. Hitt;

Vice-President, Mrs. M. G. Williams; Secretary, Mrs. T. D. Crow;

Treasurer, Mrs. James Anderson. They felt that the time for work had

come, and from mansion and cottage alike, they went forth, with faith

and courage, strong to accomplish the work assigned them in that part

of the Lord’s heritage, and in His name to “rescue the perishing.”

Their hearts were aflame with the love of Jesus, and they were yearning

for the opportunity to “tell to sinners round, what a dear Saviour they

had found.” And for more than three months they labored daily, from

_four_ and _five o’clock_ in the morning until nine o’clock at night.

Thursday, March 12th, was the first day that saw the Crusaders upon

the streets of Urbana. A day long to be remembered by those who went

forth, the willing instruments in the hands of the Lord, for the

accomplishment of His work; and there were not wanting those who, in

fear and trembling, bid them “God speed.”

The ladies met, that morning, in the First M. E. Church. Mrs. Jennings

read the Scriptures; and after singing that grand old hymn, “All hail

the power of Jesus’ name,” Mrs. Patrick prayed a short, earnest prayer.

After the singing of another hymn, Mrs. Hitt gave the word to go forth.

It was a solemn moment; and as they followed Mrs. Kimber and Mrs.

Shyrigh, ladies who led them that day, their hearts were lifted up to

God for guidance and wisdom.

Out into the bitter blasts of a strong east wind they went, their

hearts warm with the love of the sinner’s Friend. Old women, with bent

forms and silvery hair, walked with feeble steps. Young women, radiant

with beauty, purified by Christian faith and love, moved along with

light and eager step.

The first place visited was the Weaver House saloon. The saloon-keeper

had been warned of their approach, so the ladies found themselves

barred out. But they went on with their singing and prayers; kneeling

down upon the cold hard stones of the pavement, determined to do their

duty, notwithstanding the winter blasts and hard hearts of the men.

As the sweet notes of “I need Thee every hour,” floated out upon the

wintry winds, a crowd began to gather to witness this strange sight;

men who believed their work was God-given, gathered close around,

trying to shield them from the wind.

The next place visited was Henry Fulwiler’s beer saloon, on South Main

street. This place was also closed against them. From his warm quarters

this man heard all the loving, tender petitions, that went up to God

for him, but was unmoved. Miss Saddie Thompson, Miss Belle Stayman,

and Miss Emma Long stood in the doorway and sang, “Jesus, Lover of my

soul;” after which Mrs. Jennings read the sixth chapter of Ephesians,

and Mrs. Hitt prayed. A crowd had followed them, which grew larger

every moment, until the streets were filled; and from every window,

and from the house-tops, the people gazed upon this earnest band of

godly women, praying for the souls of men who had never prayed for

themselves. While they were praying, three men, who were in the saloon,

raised their glasses of poison and drank confusion to the souls of the

ladies. No violence was offered them by the crowd.

From this place the Crusaders proceeded to Samuel Wheritt’s saloon.

This place was closed, also. A man named Joe Pence came along, and

made a disturbance, and demanded that the pavement be cleared. He was

so disrespectful towards the ladies that he was marched off to the

calaboose. The ladies, to avoid any more trouble on this account,

divided into two lines, one close up to the house, the other on the

curbstone, and so continued their meeting. This was the last place

visited that day. The ladies returned to the church, where a large

company was waiting for them, and received their account of their work

with joy.

The ladies concluded to divide up into several small bands, and follow

each other. Band No. 1 was led by Mrs. J. M. Boul; No. 2 by Mrs. Dr.

Goddard; No. 3 by Mrs. West; No. 4 by Mrs. J. G. Hedges. These bands

numbered about thirty each, and were led by elderly ladies, and each

numbering among its members some of the younger ladies to lead in the

singing. The bands left the church about twenty minutes apart, and

followed each other, so that about the time one band was leaving a

saloon another would be in sight. And so they kept the enemy within his

stronghold, in rather bad humor, it is feared.

A laughable incident occurred one day, at Owen Coughlin’s. This man has

a saloon and a bakery adjoining. He did not understand their management

of forces, and one day he watched the first and second bands come and

depart, and looked upon the arrival of the third band. In the meantime,

band number four had come up and joined its head on to the rear of

number three. As the third moved off, Coughlin came to his door, and,

looking up and down and seeing no more advancing, thought he would

now have a respite, and stepped out, with an air of relief, upon the

pavement. But when the head of column four reached his door, it halted

and began a hymn. A look of mingled astonishment and despair came over

his countenance, as he turned and entered his door again. We should

think he would conclude that baking was his best chance for a living.

The saloon of Mrs. Breslin was visited, and when the band entered

they beheld the whole family standing in the background, dumb with

amazement and terror. Mrs. B. informed the ladies that if there was any

legitimate business by which she could earn a living for herself and

twelve children, she would quit liquor-selling. She stated that she had

worked out; but, one day, upon coming home, she found that the children

had set fire to the house. So she began business in her own house.

After the work had been in progress some two weeks, Mrs. Hitt called

for volunteers to go on picket duty at the doors of the saloons. Women,

young and old, willingly offered themselves for this very trying duty.

Promptly each day these soldiers of the cross took up their positions,

and held them in spite of wind and weather. Groups of citizens would

gather round the pickets when they were on duty. Men brought chairs and

seated the ladies who were shut out of the saloons. Robes were provided

to throw over them while they quietly noted down the names of those who

had the hardihood to enter in their presence. One night, when it was

extremely disagreeable, and the picket outside of Murphy’s had remained

to a late hour, that gallant Irishman could not stand against such

devotion any longer, and coming out said: “Now, ladies, if you will

go home, I will lock-up, and will not open again to-night.” And so,

believing him sincere, the guard departed.

Mass-meetings were held every week, which were well attended, and

full of interest; and such an enthusiasm was aroused in the cause of

temperance as never was known in the history of Urbana. As evidence

of interest awakened, an ordinance, prohibiting ale, beer, and

porter-houses, was passed by the city council, and a public sentiment

was aroused which sustained the enforcement of the ordinance in several

notable instances.

When the warm weather came, it was thought best to have the bands

go out in the morning at five o’clock, and in the evening at seven,

remaining out for one hour each time, and visiting as many saloons as

possible in that time.

The ladies of the League addressed political meetings all over the

country, which doubtless contributed largely to the defeat of the

license clause in the county.

There were twenty-seven liquor-dealers in Urbana when the Crusade

began. At the time for renewing their license only _five_ presented

themselves. Some who promised to quit selling are faithful to their

promises.

DAYTON, OHIO.

Dayton is a beautiful, well-built town, in central Ohio. Its streets

and avenues are broad and well-paved. It has handsome residences, fine

churches, substantial public buildings, and massive business houses.

But many of its palaces are red with the blood of murdered innocence,

and many of its massive edifices have been built with the price of

souls. For liquor-making and liquor-selling has been no inconsiderable

part of the business of the place. At the beginning of the Crusade

there were not only the usual array of saloons, and gambling-dens, and

brothels, where liquors were sold and drank, but there were massive

breweries, and great wholesale houses, that by their influence and

money sustained the traffic; and the business was largely in the hands

of a rough class of foreigners, mainly Germans. This class, in the

towns already reached by the Crusade, had been insulting and riotous.

Against all this array of evil--this wickedness in high places--a few

women were praying and crying to God. Encouraged by the success of the

Crusade work at Hillsboro’ and Washington Court-House, and other towns,

they set themselves to walk carefully before the Lord, and to know His

will.

Dayton had a population of about forty thousand. At the beginning of

the Crusade there were in this town over five hundred saloons, or one

to every sixty of its inhabitants; or, divided into families of five

each, _one saloon to every twelve families_.

Large and enthusiastic mass-meetings were held; but it required

more than ordinary courage to go out into the saloons, and face

liquor-dealers in their own dens, and meet the class that congregated

in these places, many of them speaking a strange tongue. But there were

not wanting women in Dayton, pure, consecrated, Christian women, who

were ready to take their lives in their hands, and go forth in God’s

name, and speak and pray in the saloons, and on the streets.

A permanent organization was effected February 20th, and a private

canvass of the saloons made by small companies of ladies, but no

results followed. Mass-meetings were held daily; two hundred women were

enlisted for active aggressive work, and on the morning of the 6th of

March, two companies, led by Mrs. Thomas and Mrs. Weakley, filed slowly

and solemnly out of the church, to visit the saloons. The rain was

falling steadily, but the women were sheltered under water-proofs and

umbrellas. The saloon doors were closed against them.

T. A. H. Brown, correspondent of the _Cincinnati Gazette_, in “Fifty

Years’ History of the Temperance Cause,” gives the following:

“Saloon after saloon was visited, services generally being held before

the doors; and at last one man, who had a light stock of liquors,

offered to surrender if they would pay him first cost. The vile

compounds were then emptied into the gutter, amid much rejoicing. In

the afternoon the two bands exchanged territory, so that the same

saloons received two visits.

“The excitement now began to increase. The bands increased in numbers,

and more favorable weather brought out great crowds of people to

witness the strange spectacle of women actually praying on the streets.

The rabble began to grow turbulent and threatening; saloon-keepers saw

the matter was putting on a serious aspect, and fought every inch of

ground by the most unscrupulous means. It soon came to be known that

the visit of the ladies to a saloon meant free beer and whiskey at that

place, and there ‘the boys’ rallied in force like vultures over a dead

carcass. The result was, more drunken men on the streets than had been

seen since the 4th of July; and as if this round about warfare was not

sufficient, direct insults were heaped upon the ladies. The voice of

prayer and song were drowned by those of ribaldry and blasphemy. Bits

of bologna and crackers were thrown at the kneeling women, who bore

these indignities meekly, with no word of reproof. One of the worst

elements in the noisy mobs was women, mostly of foreign nationalities,

who joined their screaming to the shouting and swearing of their male

relatives.

“The result of this unseemly mocking and jeering was to inflame the

public mind, and bring thousands out to the evening mass-meetings,

where the reports of the day’s proceedings were read, and commented

upon.

“Under such dire persecutions, the band steadily increased in size, and

grew more determined.”

Another correspondent says:

“The women form for action near the curbstone, and are speedily

encompassed by the crowd, who watch with varying manifestations and

emotions. Lines of men file into the bars to quench real or affected

thirst, and the clink of foaming glasses chimes in with the soft,

pathetic notes of the worshipping women. But the plaintive voice of

prayer, when the women on bended knees supplicate the mercy of God,

produces an instant and indescribable hush even in the bar-rooms; and

as the eloquent pleadings ascend, the influence quickly strikes the

nearest rank of spectators, and penetrates to the outermost rim of the

ragged semicircle formed about them. There are moments, when the women

weep and pray, that their influence is thrillingly impressive, and men

even, who do not approve of the saloon devotions, are unconsciously

but irresistibly affected. Excepting among the depraved, there is

not the remotest suggestion of levity in the scene. It is touchingly

solemn.”

Becker, one of the saloon-keepers, admitted the ladies; but insisted

that none should pray in his saloon unless they were without sin.

On the 6th of April, the municipal election was held, and by the help

of the dealers, and bummers, Butz, the whiskey candidate, was elected

over Houk, the temperance candidate; and a majority of councilmen

elected were in favor of whiskey. This was taken by the saloon-keepers

as a verdict for free whiskey.

Undeterred by the results of the election, the women met at Grace M. E.

Church, determined to go on with their work. But they were met with the

following proclamation from the Board of Police Commissioners:

_Whereas_, It has become apparent to this board, that the visits of

the recently organized bands of ladies to the various saloons in the

city, and the occupation by them of the sidewalks and streets for

religious exercises, have, on several occasions, attracted large crowds

of riotous and disorderly persons, who assembled in the vicinity in

such numbers as seriously to threaten the peace and good order of the

city, and materially to obstruct the free and proper use of both the

sidewalks and the streets; and,

_Whereas_, It is, by the laws of this State, unlawful for any person or

persons, by agent or otherwise,

1. To sell, in any quantity, intoxicating liquors (except wine

manufactured of the pure juice of the grape, cultivated in this State,

beer, ale, or cider), to be drank in or upon the premises where sold,

or in or upon any adjoining premises connected therewith;

2. To sell any intoxicating liquors whatever, without exception, to

minors, unless upon the written order of their parents, guardians, or

family physician;

3. To sell intoxicating liquors, of any kind whatever, to persons

intoxicated, or in the habit of getting intoxicated; and,

_Whereas_, All places where liquors are sold in violation of these

laws are declared public nuisances, and upon conviction of the keeper

thereof, are required to be shut up and abated as such; therefore,

Be it known, that orders have been issued to the police force of this

city to prevent the use and occupation of the streets and sidewalks as

aforesaid, and to give special and careful attention to the enforcement

of the said laws, and make prompt arrest of any and all persons

violating the same.

By order of the Police Board.

WM. H. SIGMAN,

_Mayor and ex-officio President Police Board_.

* * * * *

After consultation it was decided best not to go into saloons in

large bands, and thereafter saloon visiting was carried on by bands

of three or four. Wherever they were admitted, they conversed with

the proprietors and their guests. The saloon-keepers were generally

averse to these visits, and insisted that the election had settled the

question, and the people had indorsed their business at the polls.

But the ladies were not deterred, but pushed their work in every

possible direction. Women’s meetings were held daily for prayer and

consultation, followed by mass-meetings at night. Enthusiastic meetings

for children were held, and the better class of people were thoroughly

aroused. The men began to bestir themselves, and a guarantee fund was

raised for the enforcement of the law.

And so the women go on with their work against fearful odds, assured

that victory in due time will crown their efforts.

PIQUA, OHIO.

The work at Piqua commenced early in the Crusade, and was carried on

with great enthusiasm and determination. As the women knelt in front of

saloons on the sidewalk, the mighty power of the Spirit was displayed.

Mrs. Stephenson was chosen as the leader. The ladies held a meeting,

and by ten o’clock of the same day they were out on the streets. They

seemed to be urged on by an invisible power to the work for which they

had consecrated themselves.

The first day three of the druggists signed the pledge. There was

much to contend with in Piqua; a large German population; heavy

wholesale liquor-houses, and wealthy men who rented their property to

liquor-dealers. The opposition was violent, the crowds in the saloons

disorderly; men mocked, while women prayed. But insult and opposition

tended to increase their zeal, and greatly augmented their numbers.

Their way of conducting these visitations was to go to the door of

a saloon, and ask if they could come in. If they were answered in

the affirmative, they went in and held a prayer-meeting. If they

were refused admittance, they held their meeting on the sidewalk in

front of the saloon. The ladies found that, although the saloons

were closed against them, their prayers could penetrate the doors.

Many saloon-keepers gave up the business, others became violent and

insulting, and offered indignities to the ladies. In one saloon a mock

prayer-meeting was held and the Lord’s Supper celebrated with beer and

crackers by saloon-keepers and their drunken customers.

It may be proper in this connection to state, that the men who were

engaged in this mock service have nearly all died violent and awful

deaths.

The ladies were arrested, and held to trial for praying on the streets.

But their trial was postponed, and the better class of citizens, who

were now thoroughly aroused, petitioned the council for a prohibitory

ordinance, and before the day of trial came on a prohibitory ordinance

was passed, which effectually broke down the opposition.

The ladies, very much encouraged, went on with the battle, and

still continued the contest in a more permanent and quiet form of

organization.

CIRCLEVILLE, OHIO.

In justice to a few faithful workers, Circleville deserves mention.

I am indebted to Lizzie W. Scovile, Secretary, for the following facts:

We have nothing thrilling to relate, and cannot point to such marked

results as some are able to do. The Crusade was entered upon very

reluctantly, in this place. Daily meetings for prayer had been held in

the church nearly two weeks previously, but on the 18th day of March,

1874, the Spirit descended in power, and the women went forth to visit

the saloons. All through the summer the work was prosecuted in various

forms, visiting saloons in bands, picket work, daily prayer-meetings at

our League Room, open air meetings, etc. Several saloons were closed,

but, with only two or three exceptions, were again reopened.

We can point with certainty to but one conversion, and that was of one

of our ladies, who, though not a Christian, went with the band to help

sing, and was converted in one of the saloons during one of our first

visits.

When the street work was first entered upon, our numbers were so large

it was thought best to form two bands--one under the leadership of Mrs.

S. H. McMullin, wife of the minister of the First Presbyterian Church,

and the other under Mrs. Dr. Ray, a good old mother in the Episcopal

Church.

A Presbyterian gentleman, noticing that a number of ladies of his

denomination had been assigned to Mrs. Ray’s band, said to her, “You

will have to furnish our ladies with prayer books.”

Many went out, thinking they could do nothing but uphold the hands of

others, but the spirit of prayer descended, and prayer books were not

needed: the dumb spake.

Numbers of these ladies had never prayed in public, until they offered

prayer in saloons, or upon the street. Now, at the end of three and a

half years, although the numbers have fallen off, there still remains

enough of the faithful to sustain the prayer-meetings, generally two

each week, and prosecute other branches of work. As to results, we can

point to the brotherly love which has grown out of this union work: the

churches of different denominations are united, as never before, and

woman’s prayer-meetings and missionary societies have received fresh

inspiration from the Crusade.

MADISONVILLE, OHIO.

The work commenced in this town on the 19th of February, but the

Crusaders met with an obstinate resistance, especially from the German

dealers. One of them, Hendel, told the ladies, “he would not quit

selling whiskey till hell froze over.” Other saloon-keepers deluged

their sidewalks with water, and they were soon a glare of ice, but

women living near tore up their carpets and brought them for the use

of the Christian workers, and the songs and prayer and work went on in

spite of all opposition.

DELAWARE, OHIO.

Delaware, the Athens of Ohio, only a few miles from Columbus, has a

population of about six thousand inhabitants. The moral sentiment of

the town was opposed to the liquor traffic, and yet at the beginning of

the Crusade twenty-three saloons went on with their deadly work, day

and night.

Dio Lewis was invited to lecture for the Chi Phi Society of Wesleyan

University. A large audience assembled to hear him, and at the close

of the lecture, he pressed upon them the importance of the temperance

cause, and pledged the women to the Crusade work. The women held a

meeting at William Street Methodist Episcopal Church the next day,

and a permanent organization was effected, with Mrs. A. S. Clason as

President, and Mrs. Bishop Thompson as Secretary. All classes came

forward to engage in the work. The pledge was freely circulated. Nearly

a hundred young men of the Wesleyan University refusing to sign the

pledge, great excitement and indignation followed. The young ladies of

the town were so aroused, in view of this, that they formed a league,

pledging themselves not to associate with any young man who had not

signed the pledge. The young men, who had not counted on this, were

speedily brought to terms, and most of them signed the pledge.

The saloon-keepers tried to compromise with the women, offering to sell

nothing but beer, if the women would withdraw from the work. This the

women refused to do, and the good work went on. Saloon after saloon

surrendered, and the women were in a fair way to close all the saloons

by prayer, when the men came forward on election day, and elected the

entire temperance ticket. The greatest enthusiasm prevailed. All the

bells of the town were rung, cannons were fired, and a praise meeting

held in the Opera House, which was crowded to its utmost capacity.

The next day the women were on the street, as usual, determined to

continue their work until every saloon was closed.

This town is the home of Mrs. H. C. McCabe, the able and efficient

President of the State Union.

PORTSMOUTH, OHIO.

Portsmouth is a beautiful town on the Ohio river, near the mouth of the

Scioto. It was one of the first points of settlement in the State, and

from the day the first shanty was built, whiskey had flowed freely,

without a protest, until the Woman’s Crusade.

Men came with their jugs and bottles weekly from the rich valley of the

Scioto, and from the farming districts up and down the Ohio river, to

get them filled with intoxicating liquors. And it was not uncommon for

them to drive out of town too drunk to manage their horses.

Distilleries were built, and the products of the immense corn-fields

of the valley of the Scioto, one of the richest valleys in the world,

instead of being turned into bread, were sent to the distillery, and

turned into the waters of death; and while the people grew poor, and

the town began to put on a dilapidated appearance, the distillers and

the liquor-dealers grew rich, built themselves fine houses, and became

the nabobs of the town.

The people had groaned under the heavy burdens of the liquor

traffic--crime and pauperism; and women with tears and prayers had

cried unto God for deliverance, but all in vain. Despair had settled

down on almost every true heart.

The tidings of the Crusade inspired them with fresh hope, and the

women, after meetings for prayer and consecration, went out from the

church into the saloons. They met with great opposition on the part

of saloon-keepers and their customers, and the business men of the

city refrained from taking any active part in the temperance work, for

fear of losing trade and influence with the liquor party. The ladies,

however, went on with unabated zeal in their work until the 6th of

April, when the whiskey candidates were elected by an average majority

of only forty-five, which the temperance men might have overcome if

they had sustained the women in the work. Weaver, a colored barber at

the Bazaar Hotel, was elected as a member of the Board of Education,

the colored folks all voting for the whiskey candidates.

The ladies, undeterred by the liquor vote, were out on the street the

next day, in larger numbers than ever. John Price, a saloon-keeper,

whom they had visited, and prayed with frequently, but who claimed

to sell only according to law, was soon after indicted for illegal

selling, and tried before Hon. Judge Harper, and fined seventy-five

dollars, put under bond for one thousand dollars, and sent to jail for

thirty days. The severe penalty inflicted on Price by Judge Harper put

a check upon the illegal traffic.

A correspondent of the _Cincinnati Gazette_, ten days after the

election, gives the following report of the work there:

“The interest in the work here has greatly increased since the city

election. The determination on the part of the temperance people

to put down the traffic in our city is stronger to-day than it has

been since the work began. The street work commenced Monday, March

16th. Since then the Ladies’ League have held over ninety street

prayer-meetings each week, or nearly four hundred and fifty since the

work began. Our success has not been as great as we had hoped for.

The first surrender here was that of Mr. Redenger, who kept the most

respectable saloon in the city. At that time we had fifty-two licensed

saloons, nine wholesale liquor stores, and eight drug stores, which

were in the habit of selling liquors without asking any questions.

This gave us sixty-nine places where liquor was sold. Since then

nine saloons have been closed, and all the druggists have signed the

druggists’ pledge. The steamer ‘Granite State,’ one of our regular

packets, has removed its bar; all our physicians but one have signed

the physicians’ pledge; and one wholesale dealer the personal pledge.

Hundreds of our citizens have signed the personal pledge. In addition

to the above, our liquor men admit that their sales have fallen off

from one-half to two-thirds. This work the ladies feel has been done in

answer to the prayers of God’s people. The street work still goes on,

with increasing strength and numbers. All day prayer-meetings are still

held every day (Sundays excepted); mass-meetings every night, except

Wednesdays and Saturdays; mass-meeting also on Sunday at three o’clock.

From the above you will see that the war is not over in our city.”

Passing through the town since the Crusade, I could but notice the

great change that had come over the place, and the improved moral

atmosphere everywhere, although the distilleries and the saloons were

still doing business. Just after the Crusade, there was a great flood

in the Scioto and Ohio rivers, which destroyed nearly all the corn, and

much other grain and property. The feeling was so intense against the

distilleries on account of the scarcity of grain, and the high cost of

bread-stuffs, that one wealthy distiller promised not to use up their

grain in that way, a promise which, if reports are true, was not kept.

The women continued faithful through all the discouragements and

successes, and are still at work.

STRYKER, OHIO.

A REMARKABLE SCENE.

Mrs. R. R. Wallace wrote from Stryker, Ohio, April 18th, to the

_Western Advocate_:

“The ladies of our village have organized themselves into a ‘Woman’s

Temperance League.’ We have not as yet visited the saloons, but are

laboring in a different way. We meet as a band every Tuesday and

Friday afternoon for prayer and speaking, and once a week prepare an

entertainment or general mass-meeting for all interested in temperance.

We held our first meeting on Friday evening, April 17th, and a more

impressive scene was never witnessed in Stryker. The room was crowded

to its utmost capacity. Several of our most prominent saloon-keepers

were present. Our meeting was opened by singing and prayer; then a

short address by Mrs. Lindsley, President of the League. We were next

entertained by some very able and appropriate remarks by Colonel E. D.

Bradley. While he was speaking, the husband of our president, who is a

confirmed drunkard, came staggering toward the platform. With shame,

mortification, and deepest anguish depicted on her countenance, the

wife sprang to intercept him, not knowing what he would do. He pushed

by her and reached the rostrum. Just as he passed her, she slipped

the protruding bottle from his pocket, and placed it on the table

at her side. In the meanwhile, the drunken, half-insensible husband

returned to the audience and sat down. All was still as death; rising

to her feet, and holding the bottle up to view, the half-frenzied wife

exclaimed: ‘Here is the cause of my sorrow! Here are the tears--yea,

the very life-blood of a drunkard’s wife. Look at it, rum-seller: Here

is the poison dealt out by you to the once loved husband of my youth;

but now (pointing to her husband) behold the remains--nothing but the

remains--of what was once a noble and honored man. Love, truth, and

even manhood itself has fled. Now behold him! And here (pointing to the

bottle) is the cause.’ She stopped for a moment, and nothing was heard

but the sobs of the audience; then turning her pale, anguish-stricken

face toward heaven, she exclaimed, ‘How long, O Lord, shall

intemperance reign--blighting our dearest earthly hopes and draining

our very life’s blood!’ Then, turning to the audience, ‘Can you wonder

why I raise my voice against this terrible evil? Sisters, will you help

me?’ Cries of ‘Yes, yes!’ came from almost every lady in the house.

She sat down pale and exhausted. The meeting concluded, but impressions

were made that can never be erased. Sisters, take courage! the Lord is

on our side, and right must prevail.”

CHILLICOTHE, OHIO.

Chillicothe is one of the oldest towns in the State. It was settled

while the Indians still had possession of the territory. Like

Hillsboro’ and Georgetown the early settlers were largely Kentuckians

and Virginians, and the same idea of hospitality obtained. From the

first settlement up to the present, whiskey has abounded.

Forty years ago, there was a large number of distilleries in the

county. But public sentiment had gradually improved, and drinking

became more and more disreputable, until the Crusade put its stigma

upon it. Situated in the valley of the Scioto, this town will remain an

important station between the corn-fields and the distilleries, till

the traffic is overthrown.

Chillicothe has the honor of being the birth-place of Mrs. President

Hayes, who sympathized with the Crusade movement, and has since done

signal service by banishing liquors from the Presidential mansion.

Saturday, April 5th, the Ross County Temperance Alliance met in

Chillicothe, and although the ground was covered with snow, and the

morning cold and raw, there was a large attendance of men and women.

In the afternoon four bands of women, of about forty in each band,

went on the streets, while the fifth band remained in the church

for prayer. They drew large crowds upon the streets to witness their

visits, but for a while the voice of prayer and praise sounded out upon

the comparatively still streets. The bystanders, although curious,

were respectful, and only inside the saloons from which the women were

excluded was there anything like opposition. At some places there

was whistling, singing and dancing, while the women were singing and

praying.

The women of this town, finding that Sabbath was the best day for the

sale of beer and whiskey, continued their Crusade work on Sundays as on

other days.

At the municipal election, the whiskey power was successful. But

the ladies continued their work with increased zeal, regardless of

the defeat at the polls; petitions and pledges were circulated, and

finally a Women’s Temperance Union organized, with a view to a long and

determined siege.

OTHER TOWNS.

The following towns had a part In the Crusade, and were more or less

successful: London; Logan’s Gap; Pomeroy; Middleport; Lancaster;

South Charleston; Sydney; Loveland; Middletown; Higginsport; Milford;

Nelsonville; Frankfort; Upper Sandusky; New Lexington; Cadiz; Toledo;

Berea; Darrtown; Woodstock; Somerville; Hamilton; Walnut Hills;

Plymouth; Norwalk; Galion; Dennison; West Jefferson; Harmony Village;

Yellow Springs; West Milton; Hanover; College Corner; Mechanicsburg;

Mount Carmel; Fort Ancient; Mount Sterling; Sunbury; Osborn; Alpha;

Ironton; and Sandusky.

INDIANA.