NOTHING IN THE UNIVERSE IS ENTIRELY INANIMATE.

36. The universe is full of variety; it contains all the "reasons," and

an infinite number of different powers. So, in the human body, the eye,

the bones, and the other organs each have their characteristic power;

as, the bone in the hand does not have the same strength as the bone

in the foot; and in general, each part has a power different from that

possessed by every other part. But unless we observe very carefully,

this diversity escapes us in the case of (natural) objects. Much more

would it escape us in the world; for the forces that we see in it are

(but) the traces of those that exist in the superior region. There

must then be in the world an inconceivable and admirable variety of

powers, especially in the stars that wander through the heavens. The

universe is not a great and vast edifice, inanimate, and composed of

things of which it would be easy to catalogue the different kinds, such

as stones, lumber, and ornamental structures; it is a wakeful being,

living in all its parts, though differently so in each; in short, it

includes all that can ever be. This solves the problem, how inanimate

matter can exist within an animated living being. Our discussions

have therefore taught us that in the universe (nothing is inanimate;

that, on the contrary) everything it contains is alive; but each in a

different manner. We deny that there is life in objects that we do not

see moving; but nevertheless they do live, though only with a latent

life. Those whose life is visible are composed of those whose life is

invisible, but which nevertheless contribute to the life of this animal

by furnishing it with admirable powers. It would therefore be equally

impossible that the universe should be alive unless each of the things

it contained lived with its own life. Nevertheless the acts of the

universe do not depend on choice; it acts without needing to choose,

because it precedes any choice. Thus many things obey its forces.

Plotinos: Complete Works, v. 2 In Chronological Order, Grouped in Four Periods · 第 250 / 381 题