PLUSCARDEN--BUTE AS ARCHITECT--PSYCHICAL INTERESTS--CONCLUSION
1898-1900
The latest addition made by Bute to his large landed possessions in
Scotland was one which on several accounts was the source of much
interest to him during the last years of his life. Just as the chief
attraction of Falkland, which he purchased in 1887, had been the fact
that it included the ancient royal palace and its hereditary
Keepership, so the principal inducement to him to acquire, as he did in
1897 from the Earl of Fife, the Morayshire estate of Pluscarden, was
that he thereby came into possession also of one of the most beautiful
and interesting ecclesiastical relics in Scotland.[1] This was the
roofless church, as well as considerable remains of the domestic
buildings, of Pluscarden Priory, founded by King Alexander III. seven
centuries before for monks of the little-known Order of the
Cabbage-valley.[2] In {216} the middle of the fifteenth century
Pluscarden had passed into Benedictine possession; and connected with
this change of ownership were several architectural problems of the
kind which it always interested Bute to attempt to solve. He had a
dislike of the word "restoration," as applied to ancient edifices which
were, and still are, so often spoiled in the process; but he expended
much time and care, and not inconsiderable sums of money, in putting
the different portions of the venerable buildings--choir,
chapter-house, dormitory, and calefactory--into such repair as was
possible. He was deeply moved and gratified at being able to arrange,
in the summer of 1898, for the celebration of Mass (the first for fully
three hundred years) by a Scottish Benedictine monk, in the
perfectly-preserved oratory of the prior's lodgings.
[Illustration: PLUSCARDEN PRIORY.]
It was characteristic of Bute's scrupulous regard for tradition and
order, that before taking possession of Pluscarden he applied to Rome,
through the Bishop of Aberdeen, for a _sanatio_, in other words, a
sanction of his acquisition of the property of the Church, and asked if
he should, as a preliminary step, give the refusal of the buildings to
the Benedictines of Fort Augustus. A reply was received in September,
1897, from Cardinal Ledochowski, Prefect of the Congregation of
Propaganda, to the effect that such an offer was not necessary, and
that the great benefactions already made by Lord Bute to the Catholic
Church were to be considered as ample compensation.
{217}
[Sidenote: Building achievements]
Pluscarden Priory was the last, and to himself not the least
interesting, of the many ancient and historic buildings to the
maintenance of which Bute was in a position to apply his profound
archaeological knowledge as well as the architectural skill and taste
which made him, as it was expressed by one well qualified to pronounce
an opinion, "the best unprofessional architect of his generation." It
will be appropriate in this place to give a brief _conspectus_ of the
principal building operations which he undertook in the course of the
thirty-two years between his coming of age and his too early death.
The restoration and partial rebuilding of Cardiff Castle was the
earliest work of the kind undertaken by Bute. The lofty tower
conspicuous on the southwest of the castle enclosure, the restoration
of the great southern curtain wall, with its covered way, and the
erection of the noble staircase were among the most important of his
building operations at Cardiff, which included also the discovery and
partial restoration of the old Roman walls and gateway, the
re-excavation of the moat, and the clearing and re-marking the sites of
the mediaeval friaries of the Dominicans and Franciscans. Most of the
work at Cardiff was carried out under the direction of the
distinguished architect William Burges, who was responsible for the
whole of the fanciful and elaborate interior decoration both of the
castle and of Castell Coch, the thirteenth-century fortress some five
miles north of Cardiff. This castle, which was in a completely ruined
condition, was restored by Bute, under Burges's direction, to its
original state; and experts in such works have pronounced it one of the
most perfect restorations ever carried out.
Two anecdotes of Burges, whose personality and {218} genius were both
somewhat of the eccentric order, may be here related on the authority
of a distinguished and venerable member of his own profession, who knew
him well. Bute invited him to come and see his new house at
Mountstuart, then nearly complete, and took him into the great
drawing-room, where he called his attention to the ceiling with its
lining of panelled mirrors, on which were painted clusters of grapes
and vine-leaves. Burges looked up, shrugged his shoulders, muttered "I
call that damnable," and walked on.
Burges was accustomed to keep with him in his office a favourite
terrier, which made itself occasionally disagreeable to visitors who
called. When it was pointed out that the effect of this might be to
keep away possible clients, Burges only grumbled out, "A good thing
too! I have far too many as it is." Once a sporting friend came in to
see him, bringing his own terrier, which he boasted was the best ratter
in the country. Burges would not hear of this, and the matter was at
once put to the test. The office-boy was sent out to some neighbouring
purlieu for a sack of rats: a rat-pit was extemporised out of
drawing-boards, architectural folios, and other paraphernalia of the
office; and an elderly and distinguished client who chanced to call,
intent on business, found the rat-hunt in full cry, and the eminent
architect and his friend in their shirt-sleeves, hallooing on their
respective champions to the slaughter.
[Sidenote: Restorations in Bute]
Bute contributed handsomely to the restoration funds of such historic
edifices as St. John's Church at Cardiff and others on his Glamorgan
estate; and he re-roofed and put in complete repair the small
twelfth-century church of Cogan, near Cardiff, which {219} had fallen
into decay. It may be of interest, in this connection, to quote a
letter which he addressed to his brother-in-law and fellow-Catholic,
Lord Merries, who had consulted him as to the propriety of his
subscribing to the restoration fund of Selby Abbey, which had been in
great part destroyed by fire:
The question is one of some delicacy; but its solution is facilitated
by the circular which you have sent me, which specifies various objects
for which subscriptions are invited. I can only advise you in
accordance with my own practice in such matters. You may reasonably
decline to provide such adjuncts or accessories to Anglican worship as
pulpits and litany-desks, service-books and altar-cloths, lecterns and
candlesticks. But to give a donation towards the actual rebuilding of
a most venerable monument of Christian piety (which your ancestors
probably helped originally to erect) is a thing which, I conceive, you
may very properly do--and all the more so in view of your official
connection with the county.[3]
Bute's native and titular island, which within its comparatively small
area contains perhaps as many interesting remains of feudal and
ecclesiastical antiquity as any district in the kingdom, afforded him,
of course, many opportunities of applying his archaeological and
architectural knowledge to the congenial task of repairing and
preserving these venerable fragments of the past. Prominent among them
is the ruined eleventh-century castle in the middle of Rothesay, of
which Bute was hereditary keeper, and of which he restored the gateway,
drawbridge, and moat, clearing away the mean modern {220} tenements
abutting on the castle, and also re-building and re-roofing the great
hall. The ruined church of St. Blane, also of the eleventh century,
was likewise partially restored by Bute four years before his death,
when a large number of interesting objects were discovered among the
foundations of the early Celtic buildings.[4] Bute also restored the
ancient castle of Wester Kames, and rebuilt the wall round the
venerable chapel of St. Michael in North Bute, to preserve it from
further depredations.
The greatest architectural enterprise undertaken by Bute in his native
island, or, indeed, anywhere else, was the erection, from the designs
of Mr. (afterwards Sir Robert) Rowand Anderson, of the palatial house
of Mountstuart, which replaced the plain old mansion burned down in
1877. This great pile of pink sandstone, with its curious upper storey
of brick and oak, vast marble hall and staircase, high-pitched roofs,
corbelled oriel windows, and beautiful private chapel with vaulted
crypt, was begun in 1879, and at Bute's death twenty-one years later
was still unfinished. His characteristic slowness in completing any
architectural work which absorbed him is treated of, with much else of
interest in the same connection, by Sir R. Rowand Anderson in his
valuable appreciation of Bute in his relation to architecture and
architects.[5]
[Sidenote: Work at Falkland Palace]
Bute's acquisition in 1887 of the estate of Falkland, carrying with it
the hereditary keepership of the ancient royal palace, gave him even
more scope {221} than Mountstuart for indulging what some one once
designated his "passion for stone and lime," or, as the phrase would
run in England, for bricks and mortar. Falkland appealed to him not
only as an architect, but as an antiquarian. The varied beauty of its
sadly-dilapidated buildings, and the long and romantic story of the
palace and its occupants, were to him of equally absorbing interest.
He spared neither time nor money in his work of restoring the historic
pile to something of its ancient grandeur; and it was said that for a
number of years he devoted the whole available income of the estate to
his building operations at the palace. The corridors and floors were
laid with oak and teak; many of the rooms were elaborately panelled in
oak, and their ceilings emblazoned with heraldic and other devices;
while in the Chapel Royal, the royal pew and ancient pulpit, and the
magnificent oaken screen, were completely and carefully restored.[6]
Besides the costly interior work, mostly in the main or southern block,
Bute executed much judicious excavation in and about the palace; and it
was a great satisfaction to him to discover in the garden the
foundations of the great twelfth-century round tower, dating from the
time when Falkland was in the possession of the Earls of Fife. Another
interesting work was the restoration of the old royal tennis-court,
which Bute was accustomed to say had been, he believed, last used for
play in the reign of James V., the father of Mary Queen of Scots.
{222}
Mention has already been made of Bute's purchase of the site and
remains of the Augustinian priory of St. Andrews, where he did a great
deal of careful excavation and made many valuable discoveries. At
Elgin, too, as has been seen, he was able to acquire the interesting
old monastery and church of the Greyfriars; and it was a particular
happiness to him, as it has been also to his youngest son, who
inherited his property in the county of Elgin, that this unpretending
sanctuary--now a convent of Sisters of Mercy--should have been once
again, after more than three centuries, made available for the
religious worship to which it was originally dedicated.
[Sidenote: 1899, Catholicity of taste]
It is unnecessary, even were it possible, to give anything like a
_catalogue raisonne_ of Bute's less important architectural
achievements. For more than thirty years, in the graphic phrase cited
by one of the most distinguished members of the profession, "his hands
were never out of the mortar-tub." No one familiar with the
multitudinous and varied work executed under his immediate supervision
during those years could fail to be struck by the catholicity of his
taste, as well as by his curious and detailed knowledge of all
architectural styles and periods. The feudal massiveness of Cardiff
and Castell Coch, of Rothesay Castle and Mochrum, the graceful Gothic
of Pluscarden, the Franciscan austerity of Elgin, the rich Renaissance
and Jacobean details of Falkland, the Byzantine perfection of Sancta
Sophia (copied by him in miniature at Galston)--all these appealed to
him, each in its degree, with equal interest and force; and this
catholicity of taste was reflected not only in the new buildings which
he raised, but in the ancient buildings which he {223} repaired,
re-roofed, or restored with such careful reverence. Every detail of
such work was personally supervised by himself; and he would be equally
at home, and equally absorbed, in working out an heraldic design for
the roof of an abbey church,[7] excavating among the almost shapeless
ruins of a mediaeval cathedral,[8] elaborating a purely Greek scheme of
decoration for the oratory of his house in London,[9] or studying the
details of the Sainte Chapelle at Paris, the upper basilica of Assisi,
and the Gothic dome of Zaragoza,[10] in order to reproduce something of
their varied beauties in his exquisite private chapel at Mountstuart.
The transparent honesty which was part of his character was manifested
in such restorations as he undertook at Cardiff, Rothesay, and St.
Andrews, where at the cost of some aesthetic sacrifice, and often at
much added expense (for the materials had sometimes to be brought from
afar), he carried out the work in a stone different in colour from the
ancient building, so that there should be no possible future confusion
between the old and the new. Altogether it must be said that to Bute's
other titles of honour is to be added that of a noble patron of a noble
art. He enriched his native land with many splendid edifices, and he
probably did more than any man of his generation to preserve and secure
for posterity the venerable and priceless relics of his country's'
past. _Cor suum dabat in consummationem operum, et vigilia sua ornabat
in perfectionem_.[11]
One of the last publications issued by Bute (it {224} appeared in 1899)
was a book entitled "The Alleged Haunting of B---- House," a curious,
if not altogether convincing, account of certain phenomena said to have
occurred at a country residence in Perthshire, which Bute had leased
for the purpose of psychical investigation. He had always, and more
especially in the later years of his life, been attracted by such
questions, and was at the time of his death a vice-president of the
Society for Psychical Research. He was particularly interested in the
subject of second sight, of which he endeavoured to obtain first-hand
evidence by instituting inquiries among the Catholic Highlanders of
north-west Scotland; but the person whom he commissioned to conduct the
inquiry was to a great extent baffled by the insuperable reluctance of
the Highlanders to communicate on such matters with a stranger. Bute
himself maintained a very open mind as to all such phenomena, although
he did not of course dispute their objective possibility. He had a
profound distrust of paid and professional mediums, and was fully alive
to the physical, moral, and spiritual risks attendant on all such
researches unless conducted with due precaution and under proper
guidance.
One of the chief ornaments of the judicial bench, who knew Bute well,
once observed of him that if his vocation had been to the law, he might
have reasonably looked to attain the highest honours of that profession:
Industry, learning, patience, impartiality, capacity for work, a
remarkable power of grasping facts and weighing evidence, clearness of
expression, and a single-minded desire for truth--if these, combined
with a noble presence and a lofty integrity {225} of character, are
qualifications for judicial office, Bute possessed them all, and in a
high degree.
[Sidenote: 1899, Effect of psychical study]
Such qualities, or most of them, were no doubt equally serviceable when
brought to bear on the obscure phenomena of psychical research, which
Bute approached with the same unprejudiced detachment as he did the
study of astrology, or the problems from the nooks and corners of
history with which he loved to grapple. A friend ventured to ask him,
not very long before his death, if he grudged the many hours he had
devoted to these recondite investigations. He replied emphatically in
the negative, adding after a pause: "I cannot conceive any Christian,
or, indeed, any believer in life after death, _not_ being painfully and
deeply interested in such questions. For my own part, I have never
doubted that there is permitted at times a real communication between
the dead and the living, but I am bound to say that I have never
personally had any first-hand evidence of such communication which I
could call absolutely convincing." The last words were spoken with a
certain melancholy earnestness which made a deep impression on the
hearer. That Bute's interest in these matters had no frightening or
depressing effect on himself is shown clearly enough from a note in his
diary in which, after referring to his own rapidly-declining health, he
adds: "My study of things connected with the S.P.R. has had the effect
of very largely robbing death of its terrors."[12]
With the resignation of his Lord Rectorship of St. Andrews at the end
of his second term of office, {226} Bute's public work may be said to
have come to an end. He had, as has been seen, conditionally accepted
his re-election as Provost of Rothesay, but as the time drew near his
resumption of the office was seen to be impossible. It was, in fact,
in August, 1899, three months before the time due for the election,
that he was struck down with what proved to be the beginning of his
fatal illness. He rallied for a time, and his mind remained as
unclouded, and his interest in many things as keen, as they had ever
been; but it became before long increasingly evident that there was no
prospect of any return to the activities of the past. 1900 was the
year of the Passion-play at Ober-Ammergau; and he had always hoped to
go thither once again with his family, and to renew in their company
the well-remembered impressions made by his three previous visits.
When this could not be, he rejoiced that his children were able to make
the pilgrimage under the escort of an old friend, and he interested
himself in every detail of their journey.
As time passed on, and his weakness increased, reading and writing,
which had been the chief solace of his life, were of course no longer
possible to him. He suffered little bodily pain during his last
illness, but much weariness and depression, which he bore with his
usual quiet fortitude and patience; and the gradual declension of his
remarkable mental faculties, his keen intellect, vivid imagination, and
retentive memory, was (it is a consolation to believe) far less
distressing to himself than it was to the devoted watchers at his
sick-bed. In the summer of 1900 he was removed to Dumfries House, in
the hope that its more bracing air might be beneficial to him. He had
always, as has been already remarked, loved {227} the beautiful old
home of his Crichton ancestors, which both within and without was one
of the most notable works of the brothers Adam, although the amenity of
its surroundings had been to some extent spoiled by the numerous
coalpits. "Falkland is probably, the most luxurious of my houses," he
had once remarked, "but I think Dumfries House is, perhaps, the
homeliest of them all." The improvement to his health wrought by this
change was unhappily only transient: he grew gradually weaker, and on
October 9, 1900, a few hours after being attacked by a second stroke,
he quietly breathed his last, being then in the fifty-fourth year of
his age.
[Sidenote: 1900, Death and funeral]
Bute was buried, according to his own wish, in the chapel close to the
sea, within the grounds of Mountstuart, which he had fitted up some
twenty years previously for Catholic worship. The funeral service was
all the more impressive because of hired pomp and grandeur there was
absolutely none. His coffin, made by his own carpenters, was borne by
his own workmen from Dumfries House to the little wayside station,
whence it was conveyed to the sea, and thence across the Firth of Clyde
to Kilchattan Bay, in Bute, where a great assemblage awaited its
arrival, and followed it for nearly five miles on foot, the only
carriage being that of the widow. One who was present thus describes
the sad procession:
Through the russet and gold of the October woods it passed, preceded by
the cross and a long array of bishops and clergy, and followed by the
young sons, the Duke of Norfolk, Lords Loudoun, Glasgow, and Herries,
and many other notable people. Night was falling as our _cortege_
reached the little chapel on {228} the shore where the remains were to
rest; and the pine torches carried by the assistants threw a sombre
glare on the coffin, on which were laid a black and gold pall, and the
dead peer's coronet and the chain and green velvet mantle of the
Thistle. Vespers of the dead were sung: black-robed sisters watched by
the bier all night; and next morning the dirge was chanted, the requiem
mass celebrated, the five absolutions reserved for prelates and great
nobles solemnly pronounced. The single bell tolled from the little
turret as the mourners silently dispersed, leaving John Lord Bute to
rest in peace within the ivy-covered walls washed by the waves which
encircled his island home.
A few days after the last sad rites, Bute's widow, with her daughter
and three sons, left England for the Holy Land, in order to carry out
his long-cherished desire that his heart should be interred in the
sacred soil of Olivet. It was reverently laid in the tiny garden of
the Franciscans, outside the humble chapel known as _Dominus
Flevit_--"The Lord wept"--the traditional spot, half-way up the holy
mountain, where the Saviour shed tears over the approaching fate of the
beloved city. An oleander tree alone marks the place of sepulture; but
at the entrance of the little sanctuary is affixed a marble tablet
bearing the following inscription:[13]
{229}
PAX ESTO AETERNA
ANIMAE PIENTISSIMAE
JOANNIS PATRICII MARCHIONIS III DE BUTE
IN SCOTIA
VII ID OCTOBR
ANNO DOMINI MDCCCC
MORTEM IN CHRISTO OBEUNTIS
CUJUS COR
IN TERRAM SANCTAM
SUPREMA TESTAMENTI CAUTIONE
DELATUM
GUENDOLINA CONJUX
IN HORTO
HUIC DOMINUS FLEVIT AEDICULAE
ANNEXO
QUATUOR ADSISTENTIBUS FILIIS
ID NOVEMBR EODEM ANNO
PROPRIIS RELIGIOSE MANIBUS
SEPELIVIT
[1] Conversing with a friend not long before his death, Bute thus
characteristically referred to the point of view from which he regarded
his acquisition of these two interesting estates. "Having bound myself
to provide landed property of a certain value for my younger sons, I
looked about for places which I might play with during my own life, and
leave to them afterwards. Hence Falkland and Pluscarden."
[2] The Valliscaulians ("Val des Choux" was the name of their first
house, in Burgundy), founded about 1193 by Viard, a Carthusian
lay-brother, had about thirty houses, most of them in France. There
were none in England, but three in Scotland--Pluscarden, Beauly, and
Ardchattan, of which the last two became Cistercian priories a century
before the Reformation. The Order dwindled and became finally extinct
about thirty years prior to the French Revolution.
[3] Lord Merries held the office of Lord-Lieutenant of the East Riding
of Yorks from 1880 until his death in 1908.
[4] These are described in much detail, and copiously illustrated, in
the "Proceedings of the Soc. of Antiq. of Scotland" (vol. x. 3rd
series, pp. 307 _seq._).
[5] This appreciation, specially written by the distinguished architect
for the present biography, is given in Appendix V.
[6] Lord Bute's second son (and successor as Keeper of Falkland
Palace), the late Lieut.-Col. Lord Ninian Stuart, M.P., who fell
gallantly in action in 1915, further enriched the Chapel Royal in 1906,
by hanging on its walls some magnificent Flemish "verdure" tapestries
of the seventeenth century.
[7] Paisley.
[8] Whithorn.
[9] St. John's Lodge.
[10] Called by the people the "media naranja," or half orange.
[11] "He gave his heart to the consummation of his works, and by his
watchful care brought them to perfection."--Ecclesiast. xxxviii. 31.
[12] See Mr. F. W. H. Myers' remarkable obituary notice Appendix VI.
[13] Written by Dowager Lady Bute, and translated into Latin at her
request by the author of this memoir.
{231}
APPENDIX I (p. 2)
ENGLISH PRIZE POEM
(Written by Bute at Harrow School, _aet._ 15-1/2.)
_Subject_: EDWARD THE BLACK PRINCE.
(The footnotes are the young author's own)
When the long requiem's assuaging strain
Sounds high and solemn through the holy fane,
And loud and frequent in the darkened pile
The organ's heavy swell is heard the while,
Askest thou, pilgrim stranger, wherefore low,
In prayer unceasing, mournful hundreds bow;
Why choral hymns unceasingly arise,
And thuribles with incense cloud the skies,
While dying tapers glimmer pale and low
Upon the bloodless alabaster brow
That only represents the hero now?
Read sculptured on a grave that royal name,
So often blown abroad by noisy fame:
Yes; low as other men, the caitiff tomb
Has dared to shroud his splendour in its gloom!
Edward, who once the Knight of England shone,
Lies cold and stiff beneath this sculptured stone.
The brilliant Phosphor of a brighter day
Too soon in night is passed for aye away!
The lordly thistle blooms in purple pride;
The shamrock clusters by her sheltering side;[1]
And, though from each full many a spray is riven,
Unshaken yet they rise to friendly heaven.
The golden lily, even in her tears,
Full many a flower of vernal promise bears;
{232}
The pomegranate hangs fruitful on the tree;
The olive waves o'er many an eastern sea;
And strong beneath her eagle's sable wings
The pine upon her fir-clad mountains clings;
The rose alone, the fairest of them all,[2]
Is doomed to see her bud of promise fall!
The green genista's golden bloom is shed,
Her brightest offspring numbered with the dead.
O! plundered flower, O! doubly plundered bloom
Whose fairest fragrance only feeds the tomb!
'Tis said that when upon a rocky shore
The salt sea billows break with muffled roar,
And, launched in mad career, the thundering wave
Leaps booming through the weedy ocean cave;
Each tenth is grander than the nine before,
And breaks with tenfold thunder on the shore.
Alas! it is so on the sounding sea;
But so, O England, it is not with thee!
Thy decuman is broken on the shore:
A peer to him shall lave thee never more!
Ring forth, O mournful harp--no nobler strain
Than this to-day shall e'er be thine again.
See where amid her ruined towns and towers
France broods upon her country's shattered powers.
Ask her his glories--at the fatal name
Her olive cheek grows red with burning shame,
The tear starts flashing to her careworn eye,
She points where stiff and cold her children lie,
Beneath the bloody sod of many a plain,
By victor Edward's dreaded arrows slain;
From where on Cressy's dark and trodden ground
Two kings were slain and princes died around,
To where Limoges' streets ran red with blood,
And lives of thousands fed the crimson flood;
Or where, again, in Poitiers' fatal lane
The flower of all her gay noblesse were slain,
And trodden down amid the gory clay,
In useless valour threw their lives away;
{233}
While many a lordly tower and holy spire
Fell blackened ruins to the invader's fire.
But not upon thy fields, O France, alone
Like meteor shot from sphere of light he shone.
Rise, Spain, and witness how thy fair Castile
Has bled upon Najarra's fatal hill,
When sullen Najarilla's voiceless flow
Rang to the buckler's clang and falchion's blow,
And legions melted as a morning's snow.
But own that, when before his victor brand
He stretched defenceless all the humbled land,
It then was Edward's voice that stemmed the tide,
And Guzman only for his treason died.
Ungrateful Pedro! gilt and sceptred slave!
Ill hast thou merited the crown he gave!
"The crown he gave," and now, alas! has he
Who was the heir to England's sovereignty
No diadem except the cerecloth band,
No sceptre but the taper in his hand!
The glory that embalms his brilliant name
Alone is deathless through the voice of fame;
Or where, adorned in many a loyal heart,
It burns unmoved till life itself shall part--
It lives undying there. What other throne
So meet for him who called those hearts his own?
But O! when history with frigid eye
Shall write the lengthened list of deeds gone by,
And deal with justice, passionless but true,
The meed deserved the living never knew,
Forbid it, Heaven! her voice divine should stay
The tide of praise that swells his name to-day.
Tell how, when victory had wreathed his arms,
And peace at length replaced war's dread alarms,
(Such peace is theirs who can resist no more)
When captive led from France's vanquished shore
A conquered monarch graced the victor's car,
The splendid trophy of the finished war.
Say how, eclipsed in an inferior's guise,
He scorned to feed with show the people's eyes;
{234}
And spurning Roman conqueror's gaudy pride,
Rode, humble, by the French usurper's side.
Such deed as this shall live to mock decay
When time has borne war's fading wreaths away.
The golden corn shall wave on Cressy's plain,
The thrush shall sing in Poitier's woods again;
The rosemaries upon Najarra's hill
Shall perfume Najarilla's noiseless rill;
The fields of France shall bloom in verdant pride,
Unstained by ruthless conquest's crimson tide;
The summer roses bloom in far Castile--
While, levelled by the dart we all must feel,
The mortal victor lies--a wreck of clay,
Once brilliant and as perishing as they.
There mark the armour that in life he wore
Hangs o'er his dreamless head! O never more
Shall coat so princely fence so meet a heart!
And still, as if demanding ne'er to part,
There yet the leopards in their sanguine shield
Alternate with the lilies' heavenly field.
One step aside, and blazing through the gloom,
The pinnacles that deck the martyr's[3] tomb
Rise high and glittering o'er the golden urn;
And there for aye the dying tapers burn,
As if they cried to men in protest high
That soon their earthly honours all must die;
But that upon the Christian's sainted shade
Alone is bound a wreath that cannot fade.
O! ye who lie together, levelled here,
In life so sundered and in death so near--
He who has shed men's blood to win a throne,
And he who for Religion shed his own;
What thoughts unnumbered on the rapid mind
Arise, with mingled grief and awe combined!
O! for a worthier art with skill to paint
The light eternal that surrounds the saint:
And justly mete the song of swelling praise
The hero's virtues force our hearts to raise!
{235}
Shades of the great, the holy, and the brave,
Whose earthly vestment slumbers in the grave,
Teach us by bright example each to tread
The heavenward pathway hallowed by the dead.
What though the trembling element of earth
May swell again the clay that gave it birth;
What though again the wanton breeze reclaim
The vital breath it lent to warm your frame;
Not less ye live because our feebler race
Your lordly presence now no more shall grace.
Where'er the wild and careless winds can blow,
Where'er the ocean's cold, dark waters flow,
Where'er the heart heroic dares to die,
There--there your fadeless memory lives for aye,
Till Ruin claims her universal sway,
And worn-out Time himself shall pass away.
BUTE.
[1] Edward Bruce was once King of Northern Ireland.
[2] The symbols of the chief powers of Europe are taken from a royal
masque in the reign of Henry VIII. The pomegranate represents Spain,
the olive Italy, and the pine-cone Germany.
[3] St. Thomas of Canterbury.
{236}
APPENDIX II (p. 51)
HYMN ON ST. MAGNUS
(Written by Bute at Kirkwall during a visit to Orkney, in July, 1867,
_aet._ 19.)
Glory be to Jesus
In the highest heaven,
For His grace triumphant
Unto Magnus given--
Wondrous grace that made him,
Looking on the Cross,
For the love of Jesus
Count all things but loss.
Born to all earth's splendour,
Cradled by a throne,
He in very childhood
Knew God's love alone;
Nazareth's holy stripling
Boyhood's pattern made;
Through the years of manhood
By his Saviour stayed.
Like to Paul converted
From a world of sin,
He into our Master's
Sheepfold entered in--
Till God's love within him
Lit and warmed him through,
As the bush of Horeb
Burned but ever grew.
With the saintly maiden.
Whom he made his bride,
For ten years a virgin
Lay he side by side;
{237}
Like unto the angels
Of our God in heaven,
Who in carnal wedlock
Give not nor are given.
From the Lord's own altar
Haled, the martyr died;
Him the Lord's own offering
His last breath supplied.
Earthy lilies stricken
Perish on the ground,
But God's witness dying
Fadeless glory found.
Jesus, by whose mercy
Magnus was victorious,
Give us grace to follow
In his footsteps glorious;
So by Thee, our Saviour,
Truth, and life, and way,
We may come where he is
In undying day.
Glory to the Father,
Glory to the Son,
Glory to the Spirit,
Three, and three in one,
Glory from his creatures
Both in earth and heaven
To the King of Martyrs
Endlessly be given. Amen.
{238}
APPENDIX III (p. 51)
"OUR LADY OF THE SNOWS"
(Written by Bute in November, 1867, _aet._ 20.)
The world is very foul and dark,
And sin has marred its outline fair;
But we are taught to look above,
And see another image there.
And I will raise my eyes above--
Above a world of sin and woe,
Where sinless, griefless, near her Son,
Sits Mary on her throne of snow.
Mankind seems very foul and dark,
In some lights that we see it in,
Lo! as the tide of life goes by,
How many thousands lie in sin.
But I will raise my eyes above--
Above the world's unthinking flow,
To where, so human yet so fair,
Sits Mary on her throne of snow.
My heart is very foul and dark;
Yes, strangely foul sometimes to me
Glare up the images of sin
My tempter loves to make me see.
Then may I lift my eyes above--
Above these passions vile and low,
To where, in pleading contrast bright,
Sits Mary on her throne of snow!
And oft that throne, so near our Lord's,
To earth some of its radiance lends;
And Christians learn from her to shun
The path impure that hellward tends,
{239}
For they have learnt to look above--
Above the prizes here below,
To where, crowned with a starry crown,
Sits Mary on her throne of snow.
Blest be the whiteness of her throne;
That shines so purely, grandly there!
With such a glory passing bright,
Where all is bright and all is fair!
God make me lift my eyes above,
And love its holy radiance so
That some day I may come where still
Sits Mary on her throne of snow.
{240}
APPENDIX IV (p. 211)
A PROVOST'S PRAYER
The following was the prayer always said by Bute at the opening of the
meetings of the Town Council of Rothesay, during the term of his
provostship. It was composed by himself, or rather compiled from two
prayers contained in the Roman Breviary--one the Collect for
Whit-Sunday, and the other a prayer at the end of the Litany of the
Saints.
PRAYER.
"O God, Who dost teach the hearts of Thy people by sending to them the
light of Thine Holy Spirit; grant unto us that the same Thy Spirit may
inspire us in all our doings by His heavenly grace, and bless us
therein by His continual help, that every prayer and work of ours may
begin from Thee and by Thee be duly ended, and that we, who cannot do
anything that is good without Thee, may so by Thee be enabled to act
according to Thy will, which is our sanctification; through Jesus
Christ our Lord, Who liveth and reigneth with Thee and the Holy Spirit,
one God, world without end. Amen."
{241}
APPENDIX V (p. 220)
RECOLLECTIONS BY SIR R. ROWAND ANDERSON
16, Rutland Square, Edinburgh,
_October_ 4, 1920.
I quite appreciate your desire that I should send you something of my
recollections of the late Marquis of Bute, for whom I had the honour of
doing some important work. Lord Bute's architects certainly had
considerable opportunity of meeting him and getting to know him as he
appeared in their department, for one of the outstanding facts of his
life was that he was never out of the mortar-tub.
It was one of his brothers-in-law, the late Lord Herries, I think, who
used to tell him that he would go down to posterity as the
Brick-and-Mortar Lord. But no one who had the privilege of knowing him
ever associated his works with any of the ideas of quantity, monotony,
and mere utilitarianism, which the mention of the humblest of building
materials might conjure up in the minds of people who had not that
privilege. Quantity of production, and expenditure of time and money
had no prescribed relations to each other when time or money was
required to procure the most appropriate material, or time was required
to determine the precise design. I remember saying to him once, when
something had been delayed till I thought it must be tiresome to him,
"Why not let it be finished, and off your mind?" His reply was, "But
why should I hurry over what is my chief pleasure? I have
comparatively little interest in a thing after it is finished." That
saying supplied the key to much that, without it, might be misconstrued
in the annals of his architectural undertakings. What he did not
consider of importance was allowed to go through at once. What he
thought of importance he made a matter for his personal thought, and no
detail was so small as to be secure of passing unobserved, or so
apparently insignificant {242} that an indefinite delay might not be
suffered till he had determined whether it was to be converted into a
feature, or at least the vehicle of an allusion to some idea which
interested him.
The fact is that Lord Bute possessed great imagination, learning, and
taste, and an inexhaustible patience and power of calm deliberation
before coming to any conclusion which he deemed to be of any
importance; and it so came about that he seldom, if ever, changed his
mind and ordered anything to be altered after it had once been done.
I have heard a tale which was supposed to exemplify the nicety of his
taste and the grand scale on which he gratified it. The story may have
been meant for a parable only, but it narrated circumstantially how
that his architect had imported a shipload of marble columns from
Italy, and put them up in a certain palace which he was building for
the Marquis, but that when his lordship came to see them, behold, they
were not of the exact tint which he wanted, so incontinently they were
thrown out, and another shipload was brought, which turned out, of
course, to be perfection, of which the pillars themselves, as they
stand there to-day, are the lively proof.
That the story of the throwing out of the pillars, like the tale of the
three hundred and sixty Celtic Crosses in Iona, which were said to have
been thrown into the sea, is apocryphal, I gravely suspect. The thing
which it professes to relate never occurred in connection with any work
in which I was concerned, and I think I would have heard of it had it
happened in any of Lord Bute's other undertakings, at least in
Scotland. The unlikely part of the story is that he had allowed
himself to be landed with a vast quantity of the wrong stuff for such
an important purpose. The rest of it, his fabled measures for getting
himself out of the difficulty, is quite true to his character. I, at
least, never knew him to be diverted from his intention on the score of
delay or cost.
I remember a case which is somewhat in point, his choice of the
railings for the gallery of the great hall of his house, or, rather,
palace of Mountstuart, although the case is more interesting as an
illustration of his mind in a more important aspect. I had proposed,
in accordance with my duty, a design strictly in keeping with the
mediaeval character of the building. Lord Bute, however, had seen and
{243} remembered the ancient and curious bronze railings which stand
round the tomb of Charlemagne at Aix-la-Chapelle, and he determined to
take, what was to him the opportunity of erecting a facsimile of them
in Scotland. I went, therefore, to Aix and made measured drawings of
them on the spot. By his directions I had the copies cast in
Edinburgh, and they stand now in their place in Mountstuart in all the
variety and yet unity of their originals. They are not Florentine, but
if you ask me what should have prevented a Florentine nobleman from
erecting them in his palace in Florence, I could not tell you.
Sentimentally, at any rate, they would have been appropriate. I refer,
of course, to the historical fact, of which I am sure the Marquis was
aware, that it was no other than Charlemagne who relieved the
Florentines from the tyranny of the Longobards, and conferred upon them
the freedom of a municipal government.
The influence of the art of Peter de Luna, as seen in the style which
was chosen by Lord Bute in matters connected with the Chapel at
Mountstuart, occurs to mind in this context. That the famous Spaniard
was an architect, or a discriminating patron of architecture, Saragossa
testifies; but he was more to Lord Bute, he was the Pope, the Benedict
XIII., whose papal bull confirmed the foundation charter of St. Andrews
University. He was not acknowledged as Pope by England or Italy, but
he was acknowledged by Scotland, and that went a long way with Lord
Bute. That his lordship reflected on the possibility of his choice
giving pain to any one who did not accept de Luna's pontificate is, I
think, unlikely, seeing that without question, he was confiding the
execution of his whole ideas to an architect who was actually a member
of a Reformed Church. I pointedly omit to make any allusion in this
context to the traditional authorship of the design of the Cathedral of
Cologne.
Lord Bute's mind was steeped in history; and on that account, though he
by no means always bowed the knee to authority, his ideas, like his
conversation, in matters of architecture were always interesting. Soon
after the first occasion on which he did me the honour to consult me,
he told me that he made it his practice not to give all his
undertakings into the hands of any one architect, that he liked always
to be in touch with several of the profession; it was to his advantage,
he was good enough to say, as well {244} as his pleasure, to hear the
opinions of different men on the things of their trade. If I may judge
by the numbers of specialists in very different departments, whom I
used to meet on my visits to his lordship, he had a satisfaction in
their conversation and their ways of looking at things which was
perhaps similar to that which Sir Walter Scott records in his Journal
that he had found in the conversation of Robert Stevenson, the engineer
to the Commissioners of Northern Lighthouses.
So far as I know, Lord Bute never had any building done for himself in
this country after any varieties of the style of Ancient Greece. That
this abstention in his particular case should be credited only to his
wise sense of its unfitness for his purposes in a climate such as ours,
must be the opinion of any one, who, like myself, ever had the
privilege of visiting the remains of Ancient Greece in his company, and
of observing the extraordinarily deep impression which they made on him.
R. ROWAND ANDERSON.
P.S.--By way of footnote to the paragraph in which I mention Peter de
Luna, I may say that it was on a visit which I made to Saragossa on
Lord Bute's behalf that I was fortunate enough to procure a cast of de
Luna's now mummified head. The cast I have now confided to the care of
St. Andrews University.
{245}
APPENDIX VI (p. 225)
OBITUARY NOTICE BY MR. F. W. H. MYERS
(From the Journal of the Society for Psychical Research, November,
1900.)
THE MARQUIS OF BUTE, K.T. (VICE-PRESIDENT, S.P.R.).
_Magnus civis obit_. The death of the Marquis of Bute has removed from
earth a great chieftain, a great magnate, a great proprietor, yet
withal a figure, a character, which carried one back into the Ages of
Faith. Many will mourn the close of that life,--magnificent at once
and munificent; far-governing, and yet gently thoughtful in minute
detail. Some will miss in more intimate fashion the massive simplicity
of his presence; the look in his eyes of trustfulness at once and
tenacity--that look which we call doglike, when we mean to imply that
dogs are nobler than men. The youth whose vast wealth and eager
religion suggested (it was said) to Lord Beaconsfield the idea of his
"Lothair" had become constantly wealthier and more religious as years
went on. Amid the palaces of his structure and of his inheritance he
lived a life simple and almost solitary; a life of long walks and long
conversations on the mysteries of the world unseen. To a fervent Roman
Catholicism he joined a ready openness to the elements of a more
Catholic faith. That same yearning for communion with the invisible
which showed itself in his Prayer-books and Missals, his Byzantine
Churches restored, his English Churches built, showed itself also in
the great crystal hung in his chapel at St. John's Lodge; as it were
the mystic focus of that green silence in the heart of London's roar;
and in the horoscope of his nativity painted on the dome of his study
at Mountstuart; and in that vaster, strange-illumined vault of
Mountstuart's central hall.
[Greek: _'En de ta teirei panta ta t' ou'ranos e'stephanotai_]
{246} Hardly had such a sight been seen since Hephaestus wrought in
flaming gold the Signs of Heaven, and zoned the Shield of Achilles with
the firmament and the sea. For in like manner at Lord Bute's bidding
was that great vault encircled with a translucent zone which pictured
the constellations of the Ecliptic; the starry lights represented by
prisms inserted in that "dome of many-coloured glass." Therethrough,
as through a fictive Zodiac, travelled the sun all day; with many a
counterchange of azure stains or emerald on the broad floor below, and
here and there the dazzling flash of a sudden-kindled star. It seemed
the work of one who wished, by sign at least and symbol, to call down
"an intermingling of heaven's pomp" upon that pavement which might have
been traversed only by the pacings of earthly power and pride.
Through such scenes their fashioner would walk; weary and weighted
often with the encumbering flesh; but always in slow meditative
brooding on the Spiritual City, and a house not made with hands. "A
cruel superstition!" he said once of those who would presume to fetter
or forbid our communication with beloved and blessed Souls behind the
veil. A cruel superstition indeed! and hardly with any truer word upon
his lips might a man pass from the company of those who listen, to
those who speak.[1]
F. W. H. M.
[1] Mr. Myers himself died on January 17, 1901, only a few weeks after
penning this striking tribute to his departed friend.
{247}
APPENDIX VII
BIBLIOGRAPHY
LORD BUTE'S PUBLISHED WRITINGS.
(This list does not include certain articles separately reprinted from
the _Scottish Review_, and all contained later in the two volumes of
"Essays on Home and Foreign Subjects," published after his death.)
Order of Divine Service for Christmas Day, according to the Use of the
Church of Rome. 1875.
The Early Days of Sir William Wallace. 1876.
The Burning of the Barns of Ayr. 1878.
The Roman Breviary: translated out of Latin into English. 2 vols.
1879.
The Altus of St. Columba, with prose paraphrase and notes. 1882.
The Coptic Morning Service for the Lord's Day. 1882.
Address written for the Rhyl Eisteddfod. 1892. (English and Welsh.)
Address delivered November 20, 1893, at University of St. Andrews
(inaugural address as Lord Rector). 1894.
A Form of Prayer following the Church Office, for the use of Catholics
unable to hear Mass upon Sundays and Holidays. 1896.
On the Ancient Language of the Natives of Teneriffe. 1897.
The Arms of the Royal and Parliamentary Burghs of Scotland (in
collaboration with J. R. N. Macphail and H. W. Lonsdale). 1897.
Order of Divine Service for Palm Sunday and Whitsuntide. 1898.
{248}
The Alleged Haunting of B---- House (in collaboration with A. G.
Freer). 1899.
The Blessing of the Waters on the Eve of the Epiphany (in collaboration
with E. A. W. Budge). 1901.
Essays on Foreign Subjects (reprinted from the _Scottish Review_).
1901.
Essays on Home Subjects (reprinted from the _Scottish Review_). 1904.
The Arms of the Baronial and Police Burghs of Scotland (in
collaboration with J. H. Stevenson and H. W. Lonsdale). 1903.
The Inquisition in the Canary Islands: Catalogue of a collection of
original MSS. formerly belonging to the Holy Office. 1903.
Lenten Readings from the Writings of the Fathers. 1906.
{249}
INDEX
ACTON, John Lord, letter to Bute from, 203
Advowsons owned by Bute, 84
Akers, George, 64
Anderson, Sir R. Rowand (architect), 3, 220; his recollections of Bute,
241-244
Andrews, Septimus, at Ch. Ch., 45
Ardlamont murder trial, 199
Argyll, George 8th Duke of, witnesses Bute's marriage, 106; letters to
Bute from, 206
Argyll and the Isles, Angus Bishop of, 153, 154
-- -- -- --, George Bishop of, 96, _note_
Arundel Castle, Bute at, 109
Astrology, Bute's interest in, 135, 176, _note_
BALFOUR, Arthur J., Lord Rector of St. Andrews University, 189
Baroda, Maharajah Gaikwar of, 183
Bayreuth, festival at, 131, 132, 157, 164, 165
Bellingham, Sir Henry, at Harrow, 20
Belmont, Benedictine Priory at, 100, 153, _note_
Benson, Rev. R., at Ch. Ch., 45
Bikelas, [Greek: _ho kurios_], 132, 133
Black Prince, Bute's poem on the, 24, 231
Blackie, Professor, death of, 202
Blairquhan Castle, 4
Blairs College, 194, 206, _note_
Bodenham, Delabarro, in Rome, 88
Boyle, Archibald, curator to Bute, 19
-- John, 58
Breviary, Roman, Bute's first idea of translating the, 70, _note_; work
begun, 115, 116; his "beloved child," 126; published, 129
Bruno, Giordano, Bute's studies on, 139, 140
Burges, William (architect), anecdotes of, 217, 218
Bute, John 3rd Earl of, 1; monument to, 3
-- -- 1st Marquess of, 2; portrait of, as Harrovian, 26
-- -- 2nd Marquess of, character of, 2; early death of, 3; Provost of
Rothesay, 210
-- -- 3rd Marquess of, his descent, 1; childhood of, 3, 4; litigation
about, 5, 6; at Galloway House, 9-14; at private school, 14-17; at
Harrow, 19-26; first visits Holy Land, 26, 27; at Ch. Ch., 28 _et
seq._; travels in East, 34-38; religious studies of, 39-43; postpones
reception, 40, 63; facsimile of sketch by, 49; his cruise to Iceland,
52; and St. Magnus, 50, 150, 151; poems written by, 24, 25, 51,
231-239; to Russia, 55, 68; comes of age, 55-57; at Danesfield, 61;
received into Roman Church, 71, 72; to Rome, 74; to Palestine, 75; on
his conversion, 77, 78; the newspaper press on, 80, 81; founds _Western
Mail_, 84-86; at Rome during Vatican Council, 86-90; at Cardiff and
Mountstuart, 78, 90-98; as philologist, 99; marriage of, 105, 106;
visits Majorca, 113, 114; his love of animals, 118, 169; created K.T.,
121; as landowner, 125; acquires _Scottish Review_, 129; his
contributions to it, 130, 143; as historical student, 143; a Home Ruler
for Scotland, 149; and foreign travel, 156-168; _incog._ in Sicily,
165; mayor of Cardiff, 173, 174; receives freedom of Glasgow, 179;
Lord-Lieutenant of Buteshire, 180; his benefactions to S. Wales, 181,
182; Hon. LL.D. of three Scottish universities, 185; on Universities
Commission, _ib._; Lord Rector of St. Andrews, 187 _et seq._;
interested in Jews, 195, 196; makes maiden speech in Parliament, 199;
re-elected Lord Rector, 206; as a herald, 208; acquires Greyfriars,
Elgin, 208, 209; Provost of Rothesay, 209-213; "silver wedding day" of,
211; purchases Pluscarden Priory, 215; his achievements as a builder,
217-222; his interest in psychical research, 224, 225; end of his
public work, 226; last illness and death of, 226, 227; funeral of, 227;
his heart taken to Jerusalem, 228; obituary notice of, by F. W. H.
Myers, 245; bibliography of, 247
Bute, Gwendoline, Marchioness of, marriage of, 105; takes her husband's
heart to Jerusalem, 228
--, Sophia, Marchioness of, 3; her character, 4; death of, 5
CANTERBURY, Randall, Archbishop of; on Bute as a Harrovian, 24
Capel, Rev. T. W. (Mgr.), at Danesfield, 61; at Oxford, 67 _et seq._;
his interview with Liddon, 68; receives Bute into Church, 71; preaches
at Oxford, 71, 72, 79; at Nice, 73; to Palestine, 74-76; at
Mountstuart, 116, 117
Cardiff, coming-of-age celebrations at, 56, 57; _Western Mail_ started
at, 84; wine-growing at, 118-120; Bute mayor of, 173, 174; arms of,
174, _note_; University College at, 184: restoration of castle at, 217
Castell Coch, vineyards at, 118; restored, 217
Chamberlain, Rev. T., at Ch. Ch., 45
Chiswick House, leased by Bute, 124
Christ Church (Oxford), Bute at, 28 _et seq._; his contemporaries at,
_ib._; he gives ball at, 30; fatal accident at, 65, 66; revisited by
Bute, 112
Churchill, Lord Randolph, 182
Clarke, William, at Oxford, 64
Clifford, Bishop William, at Vatican Council, 87, 88
Constantinople, visit to, 34, 38; Bute on, 145
Crichton-Stuart, Col. Jas. Frederick; Bute's tutor-at-law, 8, 12; M.P.
for Cardiff, 80, 84; death of, 180
-- -- Lady Margaret, 22, _note_; psychical experience of, 59, _note_,
117, 152, 167
Cumbrae, Greater, bought by Bute, 152
Cummins, Abbot, 100, _note_
Curtis, Admiral Sir Lucius, 64
DALRYMPLE, Sir Charles, 97, 98; at Mountstuart, 202, _note_
Danesfield, Bute's intimacy at, 61 _et seq._
Disraeli, B., witnesses Bute's marriage, 106; at Norfolk's marriage,
123; his novel of "Lothair," 124, 134, _note_
Dumfries, John Earl of, opens Roath Dock, 152; at garden party, 131,
_note_
Dumfries House, 32, 109; death of Bute at, 227
Dundee University College, its relations with St. Andrews, 189 _et seq._
Dupanloup, Bishop, at Vatican Council, 87
EAST HENDRED, chapel at, 43
Egypt, visit of Bute to, 166
Elgin, Bute acquires Greyfriars in, 208, 222
Essex, Thomas (schoolmaster), 14; his report of Bute, 13
Etna, Mount, ascent of, 35; Bute's description of, 35-37
FALKLAND, purchased by Bute, 152; visit to, 171; Easter eggs at, 203;
restorations at, 221
Fergusson, Lady Edith, 43
-- Sir James, curator to Bute, 19; at Dumfries House, 32, 43, 53; on
Bute's conversion 62, _note_
Fort Augustus, Benedictines of, 195
GALLOWAY, Randolph 9th Earl of, appointed Bute's custodier, 9, 19
Galloway House, Bute's boyhood at, 9-14
Galston, new church at, 155
Gardner, Alexander, 145
Garibaldi's Autobiography, Bute on, 141
Gibbon as historian, Bute's estimate of, 142
Gibbons, Bishop (afterwards Cardinal) James, at Vatican Council, 88
Gilbert, Sir F. Hastings, 5, 19
Gladstone, W. E., first Chancellor of University of Wales, 185; Hon.
LL.D. of St. Andrews University, _ib._
Glasgow, Bute receives freedom of, 179; presents Bute Hall to, 185; Hon
LL.D. of, _ib._
Glasgow, George 6th Earl of, 117, 122, 152
Granard, George 7th Earl of, 64
Grant, Bishop Colin (of Aberdeen), and the _Scottish Review_, 131;
Bute's grief at the death of, 147
-- Bishop Thomas (of Southwark) assists at Bute's reception, 71
Grisewood, Harman, at Ch. Ch., 34
Grissell, Hartwell, 39 _note_; conversion of, 64; letters to, 62, 90,
167
HALSBURY, Earl of, 171, 177
Harrow, Bute at, 19-26
Hastings, Francis 1st Marquess of, tomb of, at Malta, 35
--, Henry 4th Marquess of, at Ch. Ch., 28; early death of, 58
--, Lady Flora, conversion and marriage of, 122; death of, 155
Hay-Gordon, Adam, 23, 29
Henry, Lady Selina, death of, 53
Home Rule for Scotland, Bute in favour of, 148, 149
Howard of Glossop, Clare Lady, death of, 155
-- -- --, Hon. Alice, married to Earl of Loudoun, 106
-- -- --, Hon. Gwendoline, Bute's marriage to, 105
Howell, Dean, on Bute as a philologist, 99
Huggins, Sir William, tribute paid to Bute by, 168, 172
Humphrey, William, 64
Huntingdon, Selina, Countess of, Bute's veneration for, 54
"Hypatia" (Kingsley's), Bute's opinion of, 79
ICELAND, Bute's cruise to, 48, 52
"Ignatius, Father," at Llanthony, 101
JENKINS, Canon, books by, 79, 102, 103
Jerusalem, Bute's first visit to, 26, 27; subsequent pilgrimages to,
34, 75; compared with Rome, 162; Bute's heart buried at, 228
Jews, Bute's interest in, 195, 196
LANE FOX, GEORGE, conversion of, 64; married, 92
Leighton, Mrs., 33
Leo XIII., Pope, sacerdotal jubilee of, 142
Leopold, H.R.H., at Mountstuart, 116, 117
Liddon, Dr. H. P., at Ch. Ch., 41, 45; his interview with Capel, 68; at
St. Paul's, 92, 93
Llanthony, visit to "Father Ignatius" at, 101
Loudoun, Charles 11th Earl of, 105, 106
--, Edith Countess of, accompanies Bute to Palestine, 74, 76; death of,
113-115
Louth, Randall 13th Lord, conversion of, 64
MACSWEENEY, Father James, S.J., 40, _note_; 111
Magnus, St., visit to shrine of, 50; relics of, 50, 150, 151; Bute's
hymn on, 51, 238; investigations as to, 150, 151, 204
Majorca, visit of Bute to, 113, 114
Malta, visit of Bute to, 35
Malvern Wells, Bute's private school at, 14-17
Manning, Archbishop, in Rome, 89, 92; officiates at Bute's marriage,
105; cloth-of-gold gloves for, 107
Mansel, Dr. H. L., at Ch. Ch., 45, 47
Maxwell, Sir Herbert, on Bute's bees, 24
--, Hon. Walter, in Papal Zouaves, 88
Maxwell-Scott of Abbotsford, Hon. Mrs., and the _Scottish Review_, 130,
148, 150, _note_
Metcalfe, Rev. Dr., editor of _Scottish Review_, 129; assessor to Bute
at St. Andrews, 188, 189
Montagu, Lord Robert, conversion of, 93
Moore, Lady Elizabeth, co-guardian to Bute, 5; removed from office, 8;
letters from, 52, 53; death of, 180
Mountstuart, old house of, 3; Bute at, 94-98, 111; beavers and
wallabies at, 118; burnt down, 123; description of new house at, 220;
Bute buried at, 227
Myers, F. W. H., obituary notice of Bute by, 245
NAPLES, Bute on the people of, 158, 166
Newspaper press, the, on Bute's conversion, 80, 81
Nice, visit of Bute to, 64
Norfolk, Henry 15th Duke of, at Arundel, 109; marriage of, 122; Mayor
of Sheffield, 177
--, Flora Duchess of, _see_ Hastings, Lady Flora.
North, Lord and Lady, conversion of, 64
Northumberland, Henry 7th Duke of, 28; witnesses Bute's marriage, 106
OBAN, cathedral, services at, 131, _note_, 153
Ober-Ammergau, visits to, 100, 163, 226
Orkney, Bute's cruises to, 50, 204
"Our Lady of the Snows," Bute's hymn on, 51, 238
Oxford, Bute at, _see_ Christ Church; Mgr. Capel at, 67, 71; visit of
Lord and Lady Bute to, 111, 112; St. Barnabas' Church at, 112; Bute's
interest in, 184
PARIS, visits of Bute to, 34, 76
Patrick, St., the birthplace of, 131, 132
Peel, Arthur 1st Viscount, opposes Bute at St. Andrews, 205; defeated,
206
Pius IX., Pope, receives Bute, 74; opens Vatican Council, 86; prorogues
Council, 91, _note_; sends marriage presents to Bute, 106
Pluscarden Priory, purchased by Bute, 215
Portarlington, Alexandrina Countess of, 63
"Provost's Prayer, A," 240
Psychical Research, Bute's interest in, 224, 225
Puller, Rev. F. W., Vicar of Roath, 103
Pusey, Dr. E. B., at Ch. Ch., 46; on secessions to Rome, 67
ROME, Bute's first visit to, 74; during Vatican Council, 86-90; his
views on situation in, 91, 95, 110; anecdote of American in, 112; with
Scottish pilgrimage in, 158; compared with Jerusalem, 162
Rosebery, Archibald 5th Earl of, at Ch. Ch., 28; to Russia with Bute,
55, 68; his tribute to Bute, 143; speech of, at R. Academy banquet,
177; Ch. Ch. dinner given to, 198
Rothesay, catholics at, 79; Royal visit to, 117, 118; Bute Provost of,
209-213
Rothesay, David Duke of, Bute's paper on, 171, 172
Ruskin, John, candidate for Lord Rectorship at Glasgow, 185
ST. ANDREWS, Bute's visits to, 49, etc., 188, 200; Lord Rector, 187 _et
seq._; his rectorial address at, 143, 187, 193; he acquires
priory-buildings at, 200; his re-election at, 206, 207; proposed
restoration of cathedral at, 267 [Transcriber's note: no such page
exists in the source book]
St. John's Lodge, leased by Bute, 169; hospitalities at, 171
Sanquhar, purchase of Peel tower at, 202
Sayce, Professor, letter to Bute from, 168
Scott-Murray, Charles, 61; at Nice, 72
_Scottish Review_, the, Bute's connection with, 21, _note_; acquired by
him, 129; his articles in, 130, 136 _et seq._; proposed transference to
London of, 139; Bute's contributions to, 143
Sebright, Olivia Lady, 89, 92
Sicily, Bute _incog._ in, 165; contrasted with Italy, 166
Sinclair, Archdeacon William, 14, 15
Skene, Felicia, Bute's early friendship with, 31; letter to Bute from,
175
--, Dr. William, 31; and the _Scottish Review_, 135, 136
Smith, Bishop George, of Argyll, 96, _note_
Sneyd, George E., at Harrow, 23; "an awful liberal," 79, 94
Sorrento, Bute's letters from, 158-161
Spain, impressions of cathedrals in, 92
Spalding, Archbishop Martin, of Baltimore, at Vatican Council, 87
Stevenson, Father J., S.J., on the Reformation, 40
Stewart, Hon. Fitzroy, 12; Hon. Walter, 11
Stuart, _see_ Crichton-Stuart.
--, General Charles, Bute's co-guardian, 5 _et seq._; death of, 180
TENERIFFE, Bute visits, 167; on the ancient language of, 168
VALLISCAULIANS, Order of the, 215, _note_
Vatican Council, the, 86; opened by Pius IX., _ibid._; prorogued, 91,
_note_; decree of the, 90, 91
Vaughan, Archbishop Bede, O.S.B., 101, _note_.
--, Cardinal Herbert, at St. John's Lodge, 171
Victoria, Queen, golden jubilee of, 135, 172; diamond jubilee of, 210;
address of Rothesay corporation, to, 211
Voguee, Eugene Vicomte de, 34, _note_.
WESTCOTT, Bishop, a master at Harrow, 22
_Western Mail_, the, started at Cardiff, 84-86; on Bute's marriage, 106
Westminster, anecdote of the titular abbot of, 87
Westminster Cathedral, divine office chanted in, 153, _note_
Wine-growing at Cardiff, 118-120
ZOOLOGICAL Gardens, Bute at the, 169, 170
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