Although of a gloomy temperament, and from the earliest age evincing

those characteristics of pride and shyness which rendered him unsocial,

and therefore unpopular in general society, this nobleman, in the

private walks of life, was amiable, and peculiarly disinterested. While

in India, his correspondence with those of his own family, evinced in a

remarkable degree those right and kindly feelings which could hardly

have been expected from Clive, considering the frowardness of early life

and the inflexible sternness of more advanced age. When the foundation

of his fortune was laid. Lord Clive evinced a praiseworthy recollection

of the friends of his early days. He bestowed an annuity of £800 on his

parents, while to other relations and friends he was proportionately

liberal. He was a devotedly attached husband, as his letters to Lady

Clive bear testimony. Her maiden name was Maskelyne, sister to the

eminent mathematician, so called, who long held the post of astronomer

royal. This marriage, which took place in 1752, with the circumstances

attending it, are somewhat singular, and worth recording: Clive, who was

at that period just twenty-seven, had formed a previous friendship with

one of the lady's brothers, like himself a resident at Madras. The

brother and sister, it appears, kept up an affectionate and constant

correspondence--that is, as constant an interchange of epistolary

communication as could be accomplished nearly a century ago, when the

distance between Great Britain and the East appeared so much more

formidable, and the facilities of postal conveyance so comparatively

tardy. The epistles of the lady, through the partiality of her brother,

were frequently shown to Clive, and they bespoke her to be what from all

accounts she was--a woman of very superior understanding, and of much

amiability of character. Clive was charmed with her letters, for in

those days, be it remembered, the fair sex were not so familiarized to

the pen as at the present period. At that time, to indite a really good

epistle as to penmanship and diction, was a formidable task, and what

few ladies, comparatively speaking, could attain to. The accomplished

sister of Dr. Maskelyne was one of the few exceptions, and so strongly

did her epistolary powers attract the interest, and gain for her the

affections of Clive, that it ended by his offering to marry the young

lady, if she could be induced to visit her brother at Madras. The

latter, through whom the suggestion was to be made, hesitated, and

seemed inclined to discourage the proposition; but Clive in this

instance evinced that determination of purpose which was so strong a

feature in his character. He could urge, too, with more confidence a

measure on which so much of his happiness depended--for he was now no

longer the poor neglected boy, sent out to seek his fortune, but one who

had already acquired a fame which promised future greatness. In short,

he would take no refusal; and then was the brother of Miss Maskelyne

forced to own, that highly as his sister was endowed with every mental

qualification, nature had been singularly unfavorable to her--personal

attractions she had none. The future hero of Plassy was not, however, to

be deterred--but he made this compromise: If the lady could be prevailed

upon to visit India, and that neither party, on a personal acquaintance,

felt disposed for a nearer connection, the sum of £5000 was to be

presented to her. With this understanding all scruples were overcome.

Miss Maskelyne went out to India, and immediately after became the wife

of Clive, who, already prejudiced in her favor, is said to have

expressed himself surprised that she should ever have been represented

to him as plain. So much for the influence of mind and manner over mere

personal endowments. With the sad end of this distinguished general

every reader is familiar. His lady survived the event by many years, and

lived to a benevolent and venerable old age.

[From The Ladies' Companion.]

THE IMPRISONED LADY.

We derive the following curious passage of life one hundred years since,

from the second Series of Mr. Burke's "Anecdotes of the Aristocracy:"

Lady Cathcart was one of the four daughters of Mr. Malyn, of Southwark

and Battersea, in Surrey. She married four times, but never had any

issue. Her first husband was James Fleet, Esq., of the City of London,

Lord of the Manor of Tewing; her second, Captain Sabine, younger

brother of General Joseph Sabine, of Quinohall; her third, Charles,

eighth Lord Cathcart, of the kingdom of Scotland, Commander-in-Chief of

the Forces in the West Indies; and her fourth,[K] Hugh Macguire, an

officer in the Hungarian service, for whom she bought a

lieutenant-colonel's commission in the British army, and whom she also

survived. She was not encouraged, however, by his treatment, to verify

the resolution, which she inscribed as a posy on her wedding-ring:

"If I survive,

I will have five."

Her avowed motives for these several engagements were, for the first,

obedience to her parents; for the second, money; for the third, title;

and for the fourth, submission to the fact that "the devil owed her a

grudge, and would punish her for her sins." In the last union she met

with her match. The Hibernian fortune-hunter wanted only her money. Soon

after their marriage, she discovered her grievous mistake, and became

alarmed lest the colonel, who was desperately in love, not with the

widow, but with the "widow's jointured land," designed to carry her off,

and to get absolute power over all her property; to prepare for the

worst, her ladyship plaited some of her jewels in her hair, and quilted

others in her petticoat. Meanwhile the mistress of the colonel so far

insinuated herself into his wife's confidence that she learned where her

will was deposited; and Macguire getting sight of it, insisted on an

alteration in his favor, under a threat of instant death. Lady

Cathcart's apprehensions of the loss of her personal freedom proved to

be not without foundation; one morning, when she and her husband went

out from Tewing to take an airing, she proposed, after a time, to

return, but he desired to go a little further. The coachman drove on;

she remonstrated, "they should not be back by dinner-time." "Be not the

least uneasy on that account," rejoined Macguire; "we do not dine to-day

at Tewing, but at Chester, whither we are journeying." Vain were all the

lady's efforts and expostulations. Her sudden disappearance excited the

alarm of her friends, and an attorney was sent in pursuit, with a writ

of _habeas corpus_ or _ne exeat regno_. He overtook the travelers at an

inn at Chester, and succeeding in obtaining an interview with the

husband, demanded a sight of Lady Cathcart. The colonel, skilled in

expedients, and aware that his wife's person was unknown, assured the

attorney that he should see her ladyship immediately, and he would find

that she was going to Ireland with her own free consent. Thereupon

Macguire persuaded a woman, whom he had properly tutored, to personate

his wife. The attorney asked the supposed captive, if she accompanied

Colonel Macguire to Ireland of her own good-will? "Perfectly so," said

the woman. Astonished at such an answer, he begged pardon, made a low

bow, and set out again for London. Macguire thought that possibly Mr.

Attorney might recover his senses, find how he had been deceived, and

yet stop his progress; and in order to make all safe, he sent two or

three fellows after him, with directions to plunder him of all he had,

particularly of his papers. They faithfully executed their commission;

and when the colonel had the writ in his possession, he knew that he was

safe. He then took my lady over to Ireland, and kept her there, a

prisoner, locked up in his own house at Tempo, in Fermanagh, for many

years; during which period he was visited by the neighboring gentry, and

it was his regular custom at dinner to send his compliments to Lady

Cathcart, informing her that the company had the honor to drink her

ladyship's health, and begging to know whether there was any thing at

table that she would like to eat? The answer was always--"Lady

Cathcart's compliments, and she has every thing she wants." An instance

of honesty in a poor Irishwoman deserves to be recorded. Lady Cathcart

had some remarkably fine diamonds, which she had concealed from her

husband, and which she was anxious to get out of the house, lest he

should discover them. She had neither servant nor friend to whom she

could intrust them, but she had observed a beggar who used to come to

the house, she spoke to her from the window of the room in which she was

confined; the woman promised to do what she desired, and Lady Cathcart

threw a parcel, containing the jewels, to her.

The poor woman carried them to the person to whom they were directed;

and several years afterward, when Lady Cathcart recovered her liberty,

she received her diamonds safely. At Colonel Macguire's death, which

occurred in 1764, her ladyship was released. When she was first informed

of the fact, she imagined that the news could not be true, and that it

was told only with an intention of deceiving her. At the time of her

deliverance she had scarcely clothes sufficient to cover her; she wore a

red wig, looked scared, and her understanding seemed stupefied: she said

that she scarcely knew one human creature from another: her imprisonment

had lasted nearly twenty years. The moment she regained her freedom she

hastened to England, to her house at Tewing, but the tenant, a Mr.

Joseph Steele, refusing to render up possession, Lady Cathcart had to

bring an action of ejectment, attended the assizes in person, and gained

the cause. At Tewing she continued to reside for the remainder of her

life. The only subsequent notice we find of her is, that, at the age of

eighty, she took part in the gayeties of the Welwyn Assembly, and danced

with the spirit of a girl. She did not die until 1789, when she was in

her ninety-eighth year.

In the mansion-house of Tempo, now the property of Sir John Emerson

Tennent, the room is still shown in which Lady Cathcart was imprisoned.

FOOTNOTES:

[K] Lady Cathcart's marriage to Macguire took place 18th May, 1745.

LITERARY AND SCIENTIFIC MISCELLANY.

FROM OUR FOREIGN FILES, AND UNPUBLISHED BOOKS.

Sidney Smith's account of the origin of the _Edinburgh Review_ is well

known. The following statement was written by Lord Jeffrey, at the

request of Robert Chambers, in November, 1846, and is now first made

public: "I can not say exactly where the project of the _Edinburgh

Review_ was first talked of among the projectors. But the first serious

consultations about it--and which led to our application to a

publisher--were held in a small house, where I then lived, in

_Buccleugh-place_ (I forget the number). They were attended by S. Smith,

F. Horner, Dr. Thomas Brown, Lord Murray, and some of them also by Lord

Webb Seymour, Dr. John Thomson, and Thomas Thomson. The first three

numbers were given to the publisher--he taking the risk and defraying

the charges. There was then no individual editor, but as many of us as

could be got to attend used to meet in a dingy room of Willson's

printing office, in Craig's Close, where the proofs of our own articles

were read over and remarked upon, and attempts made also to sit in

judgment on the few manuscripts which were then offered by strangers.

But we had seldom patience to go through with this; and it was soon

found necessary to have a responsible editor, and the office was pressed

upon me. About the same time Constable was told that he must allow ten

guineas a sheet to the contributors, to which he at once assented; and

not long after, the _minimum_ was raised to sixteen guineas, at which it

remained during my reign. Two-thirds of the articles were paid much

higher--averaging, I should think, from twenty to twenty-five guineas a

sheet on the whole number. I had, I might say, an unlimited discretion

in this respect, and must do the publishers the justice to say that they

never made the slightest objection. Indeed, as we all knew that they had

(for a long time at least) a very great profit, they probably felt that

they were at our mercy. Smith was by far the most timid of the

confederacy, and believed that, unless our incognito was strictly

maintained, we could not go on a day; and this was his object for making

us hold our dark divans at Willson's office, to which he insisted on our

repairing singly, and by back approaches or different lanes! He also had

so strong an impression of Brougham's indiscretion and rashness, that he

would not let him be a member of our association, though wished for by

all the rest. He was admitted, however, after the third number, and did

more work for us than any body. Brown took offense at some alterations

Smith had made in a trifling article of his in the second number, and

left us thus early; publishing at the same time in a magazine the fact

of his secession--a step which we all deeply regretted, and thought

scarcely justified by the provocation. Nothing of the kind occurred ever

after."

Constable soon remunerated the editor with a liberality corresponding to

that with which contributors were treated. From 1803 to 1809 Jeffrey

received 200 guineas for editing each number. For the ensuing three

years, the account-books are missing; but from 1813 to 1826 he is

credited £700 for editing each number.

* * * * *

The "_Economist_" closes an article upon the late Sir ROBERT PEEL with

the following just and eloquent summation:

"Sir Robert was a scholar, and a liberal and discerning patron of the

arts. Though not social, he was a man of literary interests and of

elegant and cultivated taste. Possessed of immense wealth, with every

source and avenue of enjoyment at his command, it is no slight merit in

him that he preferred to such refined enjoyment the laborious service of

his country. He was no holiday or _dillettanti_ statesman. His industry

was prodigious, and he seemed actually to love work. His toil in the

memorable six months of 1835 was something absolutely prodigious; in

1842 and 1843 scarcely less so. His work was always done in a masterly

and business-like style, which testified to the conscientious diligence

he had bestowed upon it. His measures rarely had to be altered or

modified in their passage through the House. In manners he was always

decorous--never over-bearing or insulting, and if ever led by the heat

of contest into any harsh or unbecoming expression, was always prompt to

apologize or retract. By his unblemished private character, by his

unrivaled administrative ability, by his vast public services, his

unvarying moderation, he had impressed not only England but the world at

large with a respect and confidence such as few attain. After many

fluctuations of repute, he had at length reached an eminence on which he

stood--independent of office, independent of party--one of the

acknowledged potentates of Europe; face to face, in the evening of life,

with his work and his reward--his work, to aid the progress of those

principles on which, after much toil, many sacrifices, and long groping

toward the light, he had at length laid a firm grasp; his guerdon, to

watch their triumph. Nobler occupation man could not aspire to; sublimer

power no ambition need desire; greater earthly reward, God, out of all

the riches of his boundless treasury has not to bestow."

Numerous projects for monuments to the deceased statesman have been

broached. In reference to these, and to the poverty of thought, and

waste of means, which in the present age builds for all time with

materials so perishable as statues, a correspondent of the _Athenæum_

suggests, as a more intelligent memorial, the foundation of a national

university for the education of the sons of the middle classes. Ours, he

says, are not the days for copying the forms of ancient Rome as

interpreters of feelings and inspirations which the Romans never knew.

While the statues which they reared are dispersed, and the columns they

erected are crumbling to decay, their thoughts, as embodied in their

literature, are with us yet, testifying forever of the great spirits

which perished from among them, but left, in this sure and abiding form,

the legacy of their minds.

* * * * *

The effect upon civilization of the Ownership of the Land being in the

hands of a few, or of the many, has been earnestly discussed by writers

on political and social economy. Two books have recently been published

in England, which have an important bearing upon this subject. One is by

SAMUEL LAING, Esq. the well known traveler, and the other by JOSEPH KAY,

Esq. of Cambridge. Both these writers testify that in the continental

countries which they have examined--more especially in Germany, France,

Holland, Belgium and Switzerland--they have found a state of society

which does fulfill in a very eminent degree all the conditions of a most

advanced civilization. They have found in those countries education,

wealth, comfort, and self-respect; and they have found that the whole

body of the people in those countries participate in the enjoyment of

these great blessings to an extent which very far exceeds the

participation in them of the great mass of the population of England.

These two travelers perfectly agree in the declaration that during the

last-thirty or forty years the inequality of social condition among

men--the deterioration toward two great classes of very rich and very

poor--has made very little progress in the continental states with which

they are familiar. They affirm that a class of absolute paupers in any

degree formidable from its numbers has yet to be created in those

states. They represent in the most emphatic language the immense

superiority in education, manners, conduct, and the supply of the

ordinary wants of a civilized being, of the German, Swiss, Dutch,

Belgian and French peasantry over the peasantry and poorer classes not

only of Ireland, but also of England and Scotland. This is the general

and the most decided result with reference to the vital question of the

condition and prospects of the peasantry and poorer classes, neither Mr.

Laing nor Mr. Kay have any doubt whatever that the advantage rests in

the most marked manner with the continental states which they have

examined over Great Britain. According to Mr. Laing and Mr. Kay, the

cause of this most important difference is--_the distribution of the

ownership of land_. On the continent, the people _own_ and _cultivate_

the land. In the British islands the land is held in large masses by a

few persons; the class practically employed in agriculture are either

_tenants_ or _laborers_, who do not act under the stimulus of a personal

interest in the soil they cultivate.

* * * * *

A self-taught artist named Carter has recently died at Coggshall, Essex,

where he had for many years resided. He was originally a farm laborer,

and by accident lost the power of every part of his body but the head

and neck. By the force of perseverance and an active mind, however, he

acquired the power of drawing and painting, by holding the pencil

between his lips and teeth, when placed there by the kind offices of an

affectionate sister. In this manner he had not only whiled away the

greater part of fourteen years of almost utter physical helplessness,

but has actually produced works which have met with high commendation.

His groups and compositions are said to have been "most delicately

worked and highly finished." The poor fellow had contemplated the

preparation of some grand work for the International Exhibition, but the

little of physical life remaining in him was lately extinguished by a

new accident.

* * * * *

CONVERSATION OF LITERARY MEN.--Literary men talk less than they did.

They seldom "lay out" much for conversation. The conversational, like

the epistolary age, is past; and we have come upon the age of periodical

literature. People neither put their best thoughts and their available

knowledge into their letters, nor keep them for evening conversation.

The literary men of 1850 have a keener eye to the value of their

stock-in-trade, and keep it well garnered up, for conversion, as

opportunity offers, into the current coin of the realm. There is some

periodical vehicle, nowadays, for the reception of every possible kind

of literary ware. The literary man converses now through the medium of

the Press, and turns every thing into copyright at once. He can not

afford to drop his ideas by the way-side; he must keep them to himself,

until the printing-press has made them inalienably his own. If a happy

historical or literary illustration occurs to him, it will do for a

review article; if some un-hackneyed view of a great political question

presents itself to him, it may be worked into his next leader; if some

trifling adventure has occurred to him, or he has picked up a novel

anecdote in the course of his travels, it may be reproduced in a page of

magazine matter, or a column of a cheap weekly serial. Even puns are not

to be distributed gratis. There is a property in a _double-entente_,

which its parent will not willingly forego. The smallest jokelet is a

marketable commodity. The dinner-table is sacrificed to _Punch_. There

is too much competition in these days, too many hungry candidates for

the crumbs that fall from the thinker's table, not to make him chary of

his offerings. In these days, every scrap of knowledge--every happy

thought--every felicitous turn of expression, is of some value to a

literary man; the forms of periodical literature are so many and so

varied. He can seldom afford to give any thing away; and there is no

reason why he should. It is not so easy a thing to turn one's ideas into

bread, that a literary man need be at no pains to preserve his property

in them. We do not find that artists give away their sketches, or that

professional singers perform promiscuously at private parties. Perhaps,

in these days of much publishing, professional authors are wise in

keeping the best of themselves for their books and articles. We have

known professional writers talk criticism; but we have generally found

it to be the very reverse of what they have published.

* * * * *

REWARDS OF LITERATURE.--Literature has been treated with much

ingratitude, even by those who owe most to it. If we do not quite say

with Goldsmith, that it supports many dull fellows in opulence, we may

assert, with undeniable truth, that it supports, or ought to support,

many clever ones in comfort and respectability. If it does not it is

less the fault of the profession than the professors themselves. There

are many men now in London, Edinburgh, and other parts of the country,

earning from £1000 to £300 per annum by their literary labors, and some,

with very little effort, earning considerably more. It is no part of our

plan in the present article to mix up modern instances with our wise

saws, else might we easily name writers who, for contributions to the

periodical press, for serial installments of popular tales, and other

literary commodities, demanding no very laborious efforts of

intellectual industry, have received from flourishing newspaper

proprietors and speculative booksellers, sums of money which it would be

difficult to earn with equal facility in any other learned profession.

An appointment on the editorial staff of a leading daily paper is in

itself a small fortune to a man. The excellence of the articles is, for

the most part, in proportion to the sum paid for them; and a successful

morning journal will generally find it good policy to pay its

contributors in such a manner as to secure the entire produce of their

minds, or, at all events, to get the best fruits that they are capable

of yielding. If a man can earn a comfortable independence by writing

three or four leading articles a week, there is no need that he should

have his pen ever in his hand, that he should be continually toiling at

other and less profitable work. But if he is to keep himself ever fresh

and ever vigorous for one master he must be paid for it. There are

instances of public writers who had shown evident signs of exhaustion

when employed on one paper--who had appeared, indeed, to have written

themselves out so thoroughly, that the proprietors were fain to dispense

with their future services--transferring those services to another

paper, under more encouraging circumstances of renumeration, and, as

though endued with new life, striking out articles fresh, vigorous, and

brilliant. They gave themselves to the one paper; they had only given a

part of themselves to the other.

* * * * *

SCHAMYL, the Prophet of the Caucasus, through whose inspiriting

leadership the Caucasians have maintained a successful struggle against

the gigantic power of Russia for many years, is described by a recent

writer as a man of middle stature; he has light hair, gray eyes, shaded

by bushy and well-arched eyebrows; a nose finely moulded, and a small

mouth. His features are distinguished from those of his race by a

peculiar fairness of complexion and delicacy of skin: the elegant form

of his hands and feet is not less remarkable. The apparent stiffness of

his arms, when he walks, is a sign of his stern and impenetrable

character His address is thoroughly noble and dignified. Of himself he

is completely master; and he exerts a tacit supremacy over all who

approach him. An immovable, stony calmness, which never forsakes him,

even in moments of the utmost danger, broods over his countenance. He

passes a sentence of death with the same composure with which he

distributes "the sabre of honor" to his bravest Murids, after a bloody

encounter. With traitors or criminals whom he has resolved to destroy he

will converse without betraying the least sign of anger or vengeance. He

regards himself as a mere instrument in the hands of a higher Being; and

holds, according to the Sufi doctrine, that all his thoughts and

determinations are immediate inspirations from God. The flow of his

speech is as animating and irresistible as his outward appearance is

awful and commanding. "He shoots flames from his eyes and scatters

flowers from his lips," said Bersek Bey, who sheltered him for some days

after the fall of Achulgo, when Schamyl dwelt for some time among the

princes of the Djighetes and Ubiches, for the purpose of inciting the

tribes on the Black Sea to rise against the Russians. Schamyl is now

fifty years old, but still full of vigor and strength; it is however

said, that he has for some years past suffered from an obstinate disease

of the eyes, which is constantly growing worse. He fills the intervals

of leisure which his public charges allow him, in reading the Koran,

fasting, and prayer. Of late years he has but seldom, and then only on

critical occasions, taken a personal share in warlike encounters. In

spite of his almost supernatural activity, Schamyl is excessively severe

and temperate in his habits. A few hours of sleep are enough for him; at

times he will watch for the whole night, without showing the least trace

of fatigue on the following day. He eats little, and water is his only

beverage. According to Mohammedan custom, he keeps several wives. In

1844 he had _three_, of which his favorite (Pearl of the Harem, as she

was called) was an Armenian, of exquisite beauty.

* * * * *

A Frankfort journal states that the colossal statue of Bavaria, by

Schwanthaler, which is to be placed on the hill of Seudling, surpasses

in its gigantic proportions all the works of the moderns. It will have

to be removed in pieces from the foundry where it is cast to its place

of destination, and each piece will require sixteen horses to draw it.

The great toes are each half a mètre in length. In the head two persons

could dance a polka very conveniently, while the nose might lodge the

musician. The thickness of the robe, which forms a rich drapery

descending to the ankles, is about six inches, and its circumference at

the bottom about two hundred mètres. The Crown of Victory which the

figure holds in her hands weighs one hundred quintals (a quintal is a

hundred weight).

* * * * *

WORDSWORTH'S prose writings are not numerous; and with the exception of

the well-known prefaces to his minor poems, they are little known. A

paper or two in Coleridge's _Friend_, and a political tract occasioned

by the convention of Cintra, form important and valuable contributions

to the prose literature of the country. We would especially call

attention to the introductory part of the third volume of the _Friend_,

as containing a very beautiful development of Mr. Wordsworth's opinions

on the moral worth and intellectual character of the age in which it was

his destiny to live. The political tract is very scarce; but we may

safely affirm, that it contains some of the finest writing in the

English language. Many of its passages can be paralleled only by the

majestic periods of Milton's prose, or perhaps by the vehement and

impassioned eloquence of Demosthenes. Its tone is one of sustained

elevation, and in sententious moral and political wisdom it will bear a

comparison with the greatest productions of Burke. We trust that this

pamphlet will be republished. A collection and separate publication of

all Mr. Wordsworth's prose writings would form a valuable addition to

English literature.

Mr. Wordsworth's conversation was eminently rich, various, and

instructive. Attached to his mountain home, and loving solitude as the

nurse of his genius, he was no recluse, but keenly enjoyed the pleasures

of social intercourse. He had seen much of the world, and lived on terms

of intimate friendship with some of the most illustrious characters of

his day. His reading was extensive, but select; indeed, his mind could

assimilate only the greater productions of intellect. To criticism he

was habitually indifferent; and when solicited for his opinions, he was

generally as reserved in his praise as he was gentle in his censures.

For some of his contemporaries he avowed the highest respect; but

Coleridge was the object of his deepest affection as a friend, and of

his veneration as a philosopher. Of the men who acted important parts in

the political drama of the last century, the homage of his highest

admiration was given to Burke, who, after Shakspeare and Bacon, he

thought the greatest being that Nature had ever created in the human

form.

The last few years of Mr. Wordsworth's life were saddened by

affliction. They who were admitted to the privilege of occasional

intercourse with the illustrious poet in his later days will long dwell

with deep and affectionate interest upon his earnest conversation while

he wandered through the shaded walks of the grounds which he loved so

well, and ever and anon paused to look down upon the gleaming lake as

its silver radiance was reflected through the trees which embosomed his

mountain home. Long will the accents of that "old man eloquent" linger

in their recollection, and their minds retain the impression of that

pensive and benevolent countenance. The generation of those who have

gazed upon his features will pass away and be forgotten. The marble,

like the features which it enshrines, will crumble into dust. _Ut vultus

hominum ita simulacra vultus imbecilla ac mortalia sunt, forma mentis

æterna_; the attributes of his mighty intellect are stamped for ever

upon his works which will be transmitted to future ages as a portion of

their most precious inheritance.

* * * * *

No man is more enshrined in the heart of the French people than the poet

BERANGER. A few weeks since he went one evening with one of his nephews

to the _Clos des Lilas_, a garden in the students' quarter devoted to

dancing in the open air, intending to look for a few minutes upon a

scene he had not visited since his youth, and then withdraw. But he

found it impossible to remain unknown and unobserved. The announcement

of his presence ran through the garden in a moment. The dances stopped,

the music ceased, and the crowd thronged toward the point where the

still genial and lovely old man was standing. At once there rose from

all lips the cry of _Vive Beranger!_ which was quickly followed by that

of _Vive la Republique_. The poet, whose diffidence is excessive, could

not answer a word, but only smiled and blushed his thanks at this

enthusiastic reception. The acclamations continuing, an agent of the

police invited him to withdraw, lest his presence might occasion

disorder. The illustrious song-writer at once obeyed; by a singular

coincidence the door through which he went out opened upon the place

where Marshal Ney was shot.

* * * * *

THE PARIS ACADEMY OF INSCRIPTIONS AND BELLES LETTRES is constantly

sending forth the most valuable contributions, to the history of the

middle ages especially. It is now completing the publication of the

sixth volume of the Charters, Diplomas, and other documents relating to

French history. This volume, which was prepared by M. Pardessus,

includes the period from the beginning of 1220 to the end of 1270, and

comprehends the reign of St. Louis. The seventh volume, coming down some

fifty years later, is also nearly ready for the printer. Its editor is

M. Laboulaye. The first volume of the Oriental Historians of the

Crusaders, translated into French, is now going through the press, and

the second is in course of preparation. The greater part of the first

volume of the Greek Historians of the same chivalrous wars is also

printed, and the work is going rapidly forward. The Academy is also

preparing a collection of Occidental History on the same subject. When

these three collections are published, all the documents of any value

relating to the Crusades will be easily accessible, whether for the use

of the historian or the romancer. The Academy is also now engaged in

getting out the twenty-first volume of the History of the Gauls and of

France, and the nineteenth of the Literary History of France, which

brings the annals of French letters down to the thirteenth century. It

is also publishing the sixteenth volume of its own Memoirs, which

contains the history of the Academy for the last four years, and the

work of Freret on Geography, besides several other works of less

interest. From all this some idea may be formed of the labors and

usefulness of the institution.

* * * * *

In speaking of the advantage of education to Mechanics, Robert Hall says

that it has a tendency to exalt the character, and, in some measure, to

correct and subdue the taste for gross sensuality. It enables the

possessor to beguile his leisure moments (and every man has such) in an

innocent, at least, if not in a useful manner. The poor man who can

read, and who possesses a taste for reading, can find entertainment at

home, without being tempted to repair to the public-house for that

purpose. His mind can find employment where his body is at rest. There

is in the mind of such a man an intellectual spring, urging him to the

pursuit of mental good; and if the minds of his family are also a little

cultivated, conversation becomes the more interesting, and the sphere of

domestic enjoyment enlarged. The calm satisfaction which books afford

puts him into a disposition to relish more exquisitely the tranquil

delight of conjugal and parental affection; and as he will be more

respectable in the eyes of his family than he who can teach them

nothing, he will be naturally induced to cultivate whatever may

preserve, and to shun whatever would impair that respect.

* * * * *

For producing steel pens the best Dennemora--Swedish iron--or hoop iron

is selected. It is worked into sheets or slips about three feet long,

and four or five inches broad, the thickness varying with the desired

stiffness and flexibility of the pen for which it is intended. By a

stamping press pieces of the required size are cut out. The point

intended for the nib is introduced into a gauged hole, and by a machine

pressed into a semi-cylindrical shape. In the same machine it is pierced

with the required slit or slits. This being effected, the pens are

cleaned by mutual attrition in tin cylinders, and tempered, as in the

case of the steel plate, by being brought to the required color by heat.

Some idea of the extent of this manufacture will be formed from the

statement, that nearly 150 tons of steel are employed annually for this

purpose, producing upward of 250,000,000 pens.

* * * * *

Philosophers abroad are working diligently at many interesting branches

of physical science: magneto and muscular electricity, dia-magnetism,

vegetable and animal physiology: Matteucci in Italy, Bois-Reymond,

Weber, Reichenbach, and Dove in Germany. The two maps of isothermal

lines for every month in the year, lately published by the

last-mentioned _savant_, are remarkable and most valuable proofs of

scientific insight and research. If they are to be depended on, there is

but one pole of cold, situate in Northern America; that supposed to

exist in the Asiatic continent disappears when the monthly means are

taken. These maps will be highly useful to the meteorologist, and indeed

to students of natural philosophy generally, and will suggest other and

more-extended results.

* * * * *

A communication from M. Trémaux, an Abyssinian traveler, has been

presented to the French Academy by M. Geoffroy St. Hilaire: it gives an

account of the sudden difference which occurs in the races of men and

animals near Fa Zoglo, in the vicinity of the Blue Nile. The shores of

this stream are inhabited by a race of Caucasian origin, whose sheep

have woolly coats; but at a few miles' distance, in the mountains of

Zaby and Akaro, negro tribes are found whose sheep are hairy. According

to M. Trévaux, 'the differences and changes are due to two causes: the

one, that vegetable nature, having changed in aspect and production,

attracts and supports certain species, while others no longer appear, or

the individuals are fewer. As for the second cause, it is the more

surprising, since it produces opposite effects on the same point: where

man has no longer silken, but woolly hair, there the sheep ceases to be

covered with wool.' M. St. Hilaire remarked on these facts, that the

degree of domestication of animals is proportional to the degree of

civilization of those who possess them. Among savage people dogs are

nearly all alike, and not far removed from the wolf or jackal; while

among civilized races there is an almost endless variety--the greater

part far removed from the primitive type. Are we to infer from this that

negroes will cease to be negroes by dint of civilization--that wool will

give place to hair, and _vice versâ_? If so, a wide field is opened for

experiment and observation.

MONTHLY RECORD OF CURRENT EVENTS.

The action of Congress during the past month has been of more than usual

interest. The Senate has finally disposed of the Compromise Bill, which

has absorbed its discussions for nearly the whole of the session, and

has taken definite action upon all the subjects which that bill

embraced. On the 30th of July, the bill being before the Senate, a

resolution offered by Senator BRADBURY, of Maine, was pending,

authorizing the appointment of Commissioners by the United States and

Texas, for the adjustment of the boundary line between Texas and New

Mexico. To this Mr. DAWSON, of Ga., offered an amendment, providing that

until the boundary should have been agreed to, no territorial government

should go into operation east of the Rio Grande, nor should any state

government be established to include that territory. This amendment was

adopted, ayes 30, noes 28. Mr. BRADBURY'S resolution, thus amended, was

then adopted by the same vote. On the 31st the bill came up for final

action. Mr. NORRIS moved to strike out the clause restricting the

Legislature of New Mexico from establishing or prohibiting slavery. This

was carried, 32 to 20. Mr. PEARCE, of Maryland, then moved to strike out

all relating to New Mexico, which was carried by a vote of 33 to 22. He

then moved to re-insert it, omitting the amendment of Messrs. Bradbury

and Dawson--his object being by this roundabout process (which was the

only way in which it could be reached), to reverse the vote adopting

that amendment. His motion was very warmly and strongly resisted, and

various amendments offered to it were voted down. The motion itself was

then put and lost, ayes 25, nays 28. This left nothing in the bill

except the provision for admitting California and that establishing a

territorial government for Utah. Mr. WALKER, of Wisconsin, then moved to

strike out all except that part relating to California. This was lost,

ayes 22, nays 33. Mr. ATCHISON, of Missouri, moved to strike out all

relating to California. This motion was first lost by a tie vote, but a

reconsideration was moved by Mr. WINTHROP and carried, and then the

motion prevailed, ayes 34, nays 25. The Bill thus contained nothing but

the sections relating to Utah, and in that shape it was passed, ayes 32,

nays 18. Thus the Compromise bill, reported early in the session, and

earnestly debated from that time forward, was decisively rejected. On

the very next day, the 1st of August, the bill for the admission of

California was made the special order by a vote of 34 to 23. Mr. FOOTE,

of Miss., offered an amendment that California should not exercise her

jurisdiction over territory south of 35° 30'. Mr. CLAY in an earnest and

eloquent speech, after regretting the fate of the Compromise Bill, said

he wished it to be distinctly understood that if any state or states, or

any portion of the people, should array themselves in arms against the

Union, he was for testing the strength of the government, to ascertain

whether it had the ability to maintain itself. He avowed the most

unwavering attachment to the Union, and declared his purpose to raise

both his voice and his arm in support of the Union and the Constitution.

He had been in favor of passing the several measures together: he was

now in favor of passing them separately: but whether passed or not, he

was in favor of putting down any and all resistance to the federal

authority. After some debate, Mr. FOOTE'S amendment was negatived, yeas

23, nays 33. On the 6th of August Mr. TURNEY, of Tennessee, offered an

amendment, dividing California into two territories, which may hereafter

form state constitutions. This was rejected, ayes 29, nays 32. Mr. YULEE

offered an amendment, establishing a provisional government, which he

advocated in a speech extending through three days: on the 10th it was

rejected by a vote of 12 to 35 An amendment offered by Mr. Foote,

erecting the part of California south of 36° 30' into a distinct

territory, was rejected by a vote of 13 to 30. On the 12th the bill was

ordered to be engrossed, yeas 33, nays 19; and on the 13th, after a

brief but warm debate, in the course of which Senators BERRIEN and

CLEMENS denounced the bill as fraught with mischief and peril to the

Union, and Mr. HOUSTON ridiculed the apprehensions thus expressed, the

bill was finally passed, yeas 34, nays 18, as follows:

YEAS--Messrs. Baldwin, Bell, Benton, Bradbury, Bright, Cass, Chase,

Cooper, Davis, of Massachusetts, Dickinson, Dodge, of Wisconsin, Dodge,

of Iowa, Douglas, Ewing, Felch, Green, Hale, Hamlin, Houston, Jones,

Miller, Norris, Phelps, Seward, Shields, Smith, Spruance, Sturgeon,

Underwood, Upham, Wales, Walker, Whitcomb, and Winthrop--34.

NAYS.--Messrs. Atchison, Barnwell, Berrien, Butler, Clemens, Davis, of

Mississippi, Dawson, Foote, Hunter, King, Mason, Morton, Pratt, Rusk,

Sebastian, Soulé, Turney, and Yulee--18.

The next day a Protest against the admission of California, signed by

Senators Mason and Hunter, of Virginia, Butler and Barnwell, of South

Carolina, Turney, of Tennessee, Soulé, of Louisiana, Davis, of

Mississippi, Atchison, of Missouri, and Morton and Yulee, of Florida,

was presented, and a request made that it might be entered on the

Journal. This, however, the Senate refused. Thus was completed the

action of the Senate on the admission of California.

On the 5th of August Mr. PEARCE, of Md., introduced a bill, making

proposals to Texas for the settlement of her western and northern

boundaries. It proposes that the boundary on the north shall commence at

the point where the meridian of 100° west longitude intersects the

parallel of 36° 30' north latitude, and shall run due west to the

meridian of 103° west longitude: thence it shall run due south to the

32d degree north latitude, thence on the said parallel to the Rio del

Norte, and thence with the channel of said river to the Gulf of Mexico.

For relinquishing all claims to the United States government for

territory beyond the line thus defined, the bill proposes to pay Texas

ten millions of dollars. The bill was debated for several successive

days, and on the 9th was ordered to be engrossed, yeas 27, nays 24, and

received its final passage on the same day, yeas 30, nays 20, as

follows:

YEAS.--Messrs. Badger, Bell, Berrien, Bradbury, Bright, Cass, Clarke,

Clemens, Cooper, Davis, of Massachusetts, Dawson, Dickinson, Dodge, of

Iowa, Douglas, Felch, Foote, Greene, Houston, King, Norris, Pearce,

Phelps, Rusk, Shields, Smith, Spruance, Sturgeon, Wales, Whitcomb, and

Winthrop--30.

NAYS.--Messrs. Atchison, Baldwin, Barnwell, Benton, Butler, Chase,

Davis, of Mississippi, Dodge, of Wisconsin, Ewing, Hale, Hunter, Mason,

Morton, Seward, Soulé, Turney, Underwood, Upham, Walker, and Yulee--20.

Thus was completed the action of the Senate on the second of the great

questions which have enlisted so much of public attention during the

past few months.--On the 14th the bill providing a territorial

government for New Mexico was taken up. Mr. CHASE moved to amend it by

inserting a clause prohibiting the existence of slavery within its

limits, which was rejected, ayes 20, nays 25. The bill was then ordered

to be engrossed for a third reading, which it had, and was finally

passed.

In the House of Representatives, no business of importance has been

transacted. The Civil and Diplomatic Appropriation Bill has been

discussed, and efforts have been made to change the existing rules of

the House so as to facilitate public business; but nothing important has

been done.--On the 6th of August President FILLMORE sent to the House a

Message, transmitting a letter he had received from Governor BELL, of

Texas, announcing that he had sent a commissioner to extend the laws of

Texas over that part of New Mexico which she claims, and that he had

been resisted by the inhabitants and the United States military

authorities. The President says in his Message that he deems it his duty

to execute the laws of the United States, and that Congress has given

him full power to put down any resistance that may be organized against

them. Texas as a state has no authority or power beyond her own limits;

and if she attempts to prevent the execution of any law of the United

States, in any state or territory beyond her jurisdiction, the President

is bound by his oath to resist such attempts by all the power which the

Constitution has placed at his command. The question is then considered

whether there is any law in New Mexico, resistance to which would call

for the interposition of the Executive authority. The President regards

New Mexico as a territory of the United States, with the same boundaries

which it had before the war with Mexico, and while in possession of that

country. By the treaty of peace the boundary line between the two

countries is defined, and perfect security and protection in the free

enjoyment of their liberty and property, and in the free exercise of

their religion, is guaranteed to those Mexicans who may choose to reside

on the American side of that line. This treaty is part of the law of the

land, and as such must be maintained until superseded or displaced by

other legal provisions; and if it be obstructed, the case is regarded as

one which comes within the provisions of law, and which obliges the

President to enforce these provisions. "Neither the Constitution or the

laws," says Mr. FILLMORE, "nor my duty or my oath of office, leave me

any alternative, or any choice, in my mode of action." The Executive has

no power or authority to determine the true line of boundary, but it is

his duty, in maintaining the laws, to have regard to the actual state of

things as it existed at the date of the treaty--all must be now regarded

as New Mexico which was possessed and occupied as New Mexico by citizens

of Mexico at the date of the treaty, until a definite line of boundary

shall be established by competent authority. Having thus indicated the

course which he should pursue, the President expresses his earnest

desire that the question of boundary should be settled by Congress, with

the assent of the government of Texas. He deprecates delay, and objects

to the appointment of commissioners. He expresses the opinion that an

indemnity may very properly be offered to Texas, and says that no event

would be hailed with more satisfaction by the people than the amicable

adjustment of questions of difficulty which have now for a long time

agitated the country, and occupied, to the exclusion of other subjects,

the time and attention of Congress. Accompanying the Message was a

letter from Mr. WEBSTER, Secretary of State, in reply to that of

Governor BELL. Mr. WEBSTER vindicates the action of the military

authorities in New Mexico, saying that they had been instructed to aid

and advance any attempt of the inhabitants to form a state government,

and that in all they did they acted as agents of the inhabitants rather

than officers of the government. An outline is given of the history of

the acquisition of New Mexico, and it is clearly shown that every thing

thus far has been done in strict accordance with the stipulations of the

treaty, and with the position and principles of the late President Polk.

The military government existed in New Mexico as a matter of necessity,

and must remain until superseded by some other form. The President

approves entirely of the measures taken by Colonel Munroe, while he

takes no part, and expresses no opinion touching the boundary claimed by

Texas. These documents were ordered to be printed and were referred to

committees.

Mr. PEARCE of Maryland, and Mr. BATES of Missouri, who were invited by

President FILLMORE to become members of his cabinet, both declined. Hon.

T. M. T. MCKENNAN of Pennsylvania, has been appointed Secretary of the

Interior, and Hon. CHAS. M. CONRAD of Louisiana, Secretary of War, in

their places. Both have accepted.--It is stated that Hon. D. D. BARNARD

of New-York, has been nominated as Minister to Prussia. Mr. B. is one of

the ablest writers and most accomplished scholars in the country.--A

regular line of stages has just been established to run monthly between

Independence, Missouri, and Santa-Fé, in New Mexico. Each coach is to

carry eight persons, and to be made water tight, so as to be used as a

boat in crossing streams. This will prove to be an important step toward

the settlement of the great western region of our Union.--An active

canvass has been going on in Virginia for the election of members of a

convention to revise the state constitution. The questions at issue grow

mainly out of a contest between the eastern and western sections of the

state for supremacy. The west has been gaining upon the east in

population very rapidly during the last fifteen or twenty years. The

east claims a representation based upon property, by which it hopes to

maintain its supremacy, while the west insists that population alone

should be made the basis of political representation. The contest is

carried on with a great deal of warmth and earnestness.--Elections of

considerable interest have taken place during the month in several of

the states. In Missouri, where five members of Congress were chosen,

three of them, Messrs. PORTER, DARBY, and MILLER, are known to be Whigs.

In the other two districts the result has not been ascertained. The

change which this result indicates, is attributed to the course taken by

Senator BENTON, in refusing to obey the instructions of the state

legislature, and in denouncing them as connected with the scheme of

disunion, which he charged upon certain southern politicians. This led

to a division in his own party, which enabled the Whigs to elect a part,

at least, of the Congressional delegation.--In North Carolina an

election for governor, has resulted in the choice of Col. REID,

Democrat, by 3000 majority. In the state senate the Democrats have four,

and in the house they have 10 majority. This enables them to choose a

democratic U.S. Senator in place of Mr. MANGUM, the present Whig

incumbent.--In Indiana the election has given the Democrats control of

the legislature and of the state convention for the revision of the

constitution.--The authorities of Buffalo some weeks since, hearing that

Lord Elgin, Governor of Canada, was about to visit their city, prepared

for him a public reception. Circumstances prevented the fulfillment of

the purpose, but the courtesy of the people of Buffalo was communicated

by Lord Elgin to his government at home, and acknowledged by Earl Grey

in a letter to our Department of State. In further acknowledgement the

Legislature of Canada, and the Corporation of Toronto, invited the

authorities of Buffalo to pay them a visit, which was done on the 8th of

August, when they were welcomed by a very brilliant reception. This

interchange of courtesies is peculiarly creditable to both parties, and

highly gratifying to both countries.--The Legislature of Wisconsin has

enacted a law making it a penal offence for any owner or lessee of land

to allow the Canada thistle to go to seed upon it.--The Board of

Visitors appointed by the Government to attend the annual examination at

West Point, have made their report, giving a detailed account of their

observations, and concluding by expressing the opinion, that the

Military Academy is one of the most useful and highly creditable in our

country; that it has been mainly instrumental in forming the high

character which our army now sustains before the civilized world, and

that it is entitled to the confidence and fostering care of the

Government.--Hon. HENRY CLAY has been spending the August weeks at

Newport, R.I. He has received essential benefit from the sea-bathing and

the relief from public care which his temporary residence there

affords.--Commodore JACOB JONES, of the United States Navy, died at his

residence in Philadelphia, on the 3d ult. He was in the 83d year of his

age, and stood nearly at the head of the list of post captains,

Commodores BARRON and STEWART only preceding him. He was a native of

Delaware, and one of the number who, in the war of 1812, contributed to

establish the naval renown of our country. For the gallant manner in

which, while in command of the brig Wasp, he captured the British brig

Frolic, of superior force, he was voted a sword by each of the States of

Delaware, Massachusetts, and New-York. He was, until recently, the

Governor of the Naval Asylum, near Philadelphia.--The city authorities

of Boston, acting under the advice of the Consulting Physicians, have

decided to abandon all quarantine regulations, as neither useful nor

effectual in preventing the introduction of epidemic

diseases.--Professor FORSHEY, in an essay just published, proves by the

result of observations kept up through a great number of years, that the

channel of the Mississippi river is _deepening_, and consequently the

levee system will not necessarily elevate the bed of the river, as has

been feared. On the contrary, he thinks confining the river within a

narrow channel will give it additional velocity, ant serve to scrape out

the bottom; while opening artificial outlets, by diminishing the

current, will cause the rapid deposition of sediment, and thus produce

evil to be guarded against.--A project has been broached for completing

the line of railroads from Boston to Halifax, and then to have the

Atlantic steamers run between that port and Galway, the most westerly

port of Ireland. In this way it is thought that the passage from

Liverpool to New York may be considerably shortened.

In SCIENTIFIC matters some interesting and important experiments have

been made by Prof. PAGE of the Smithsonian Institute, on the subject of

Electro-Magnetism as a motive power, the results of which have recently

been announced by him in public lectures. He states that there can be no

further doubt as to the application of this power as a substitute for

steam. He exhibited experiments in which a bar of iron weighing one

hundred and sixty pounds was made to spring up ten inches through the

air, and says that he can as readily move a bar weighing a hundred tons

through a space of a hundred feet. He expects to be able to apply it to

forge hammers, pile drivers, &c, and to engines with a stroke of six,

ten, or twenty feet. He exhibited also an engine of between four and

five horse power, worked by a battery contained in a space of three

cubic feet. It was a reciprocating engine of two feet stroke, the engine

and battery weighing about one ton, and driving a circular saw ten

inches in diameter, sawing boards an inch and a quarter thick, making

eighty strokes a minute. The professor says that the cost of the power

is less than steam under most conditions, though not so low as the

cheapest steam engines. The consumption of three pounds of zinc per day

produces one horse power. The larger his engines the greater the

economy. Some practical difficulties remain to be overcome in the

application of the power to practical purposes on a larger scale: but

little doubt seems to be entertained that such an application is

feasible. The result is one of very great importance to science, as well

as to the arts of practical life.--We made a statement in our July

number of the pretensions of Mr. Henry M. Paine, of Worcester, Mass., to

having discovered a new method of procuring hydrogen from water, and

rendering it capable of giving a brilliant light, with great case and at

a barely nominal expense, by passing it through cold spirits of

turpentine. His claims have been very generally discredited, and were

supposed to have been completely exploded by the examinations of several

scientific gentlemen of Boston and New York. Mr. GEORGE MATHIOT, an

electro-metallurgist attached to the United States Coast Survey, and a

gentleman of scientific habits and attainments, has published in the

Scientific American, a statement that he has succeeded in a kindred

attempt. He produced a very brilliant light, nearly equal to the

Drummond, by passing hydrogen through turpentine: and in thus passing

the gas from thirty-three ounces of zinc through it, the quantity of

turpentine was not perceptibly diminished. "In this case," he says, "the

hydrogen could not have been changed into carburetted hydrogen, for coal

gas contains from four to five times as much carbon as hydrogen, and

pure carburetted hydrogen has six times as much carbon as hydrogen; and,

as 33 ounces of zinc, by solution, liberate one ounce, or twelve cubic

feet of hydrogen, therefore, from four to six ounces of turpentine

should have been used up, supposing it to be all carbon; but turpentine

is composed of twenty atoms of carbon to fifteen atoms of hydrogen, and,

consequently, only one-seventh of its carbon can be taken up by the

hydrogen; or, in other words, forty-two ounces of turpentine will be

required to carburet one ounce of hydrogen." He tried the experiment

afterward, placing the whole apparatus in a cold bath to prevent

evaporation, and again by heating the turpentine to 120 degrees--but in

both cases with the same result. He used the same turpentine and had a

brilliant light for nearly three hours, and yet the quantity was not

perceptibly diminished. Mr. Mathiot claims that his experiments prove

conclusively that hydrogen can be used for illumination, but at what

comparative rate of expense he does not state.--The American Scientific

Association commenced its annual session at New Haven on the 19th of

August. This is an association formed for the advancement of science and

embraces within its members nearly all the leading scientific men of the

United States. Prof. BACHE presides. The proceedings of these

conventions, made up of papers on scientific subjects read by

distinguished gentlemen, are published in a volume, and form a valuable

contribution to American scientific literature.--Intelligence has been

received, by way of England, and also, direct, from two of the American

vessels sent out in search of Sir John Franklin. The brig _Advance_

arrived at Whalefish Island, on the West Coast of Greenland, on the 24th

of June, and the _Rescue_ arrived two days after. Two of the British

steamers and two of the ships had also arrived. All on board were well,

and in good spirits for prosecuting the expedition. Enormous icebergs

were, seen by the American vessels on the voyage, some of them rising

150 or 200 feet above the water. A letter from an officer of the

_Rescue_ says they expected to go to a place called Uppermarik, about

two hundred miles from Whalefish Island, thence to Melville Bay, and

across Lancaster Sound to Cape Walker, and from that point they would

try to go to Melville Island and as much farther as possible. They

intended to winter at Melville Island, but that would depend upon

circumstances.

* * * * *

The LITERARY INTELLIGENCE of the month presents no feature of special

interest. The first volume of a series of Reminiscences of Congress,

made up mainly of a biography of DANIEL WEBSTER, has just been issued

from the press of Messrs. Baker and Scribner. It is by CHARLES W. MARCH,

Esq., a young man of fine talents, and of unusual advantages for the

preparation of such a work. His style is eminently graphic and

classical, and the book is one which merits attention.--The same

publishers will also publish a volume of sketches by IK. MARVEL, the

well-known pseudonym of Mr. D. G. MITCHELL, whose "Fresh Gleanings," and

"Battle Summer," have already made him very favorably known to the

literary community.--Prof. TORREY, of the University of Vermont, has

prepared for the press the fourth volume of his translation of NEANDER'S

Church History, which will be issued soon. It is understood that, at the

time of his death, the great German scholar was engaged upon the fifth

volume of his history, which is therefore left unfinished.--The

Appletons announce a Life of JOHN RANDOLPH, by Hon. A. H. GARLAND, which

can not fail to be an attractive and interesting work. They are also to

publish the magnificently-illustrated book on the war between the United

States and Mexico, upon which GEO. W. KENDALL has been engaged for a

year or two., It is to embrace splendid pictorial drawings of all the

principal conflicts, taken on the spot, by Carl Nebel, a German artist

of distinction, with a description of each battle by Mr. KENDALL. It

will be issued in one volume, folio, beautifully colored.

* * * * *

The past month has been distinguished by the annual commencements of the

academic year in most of the colleges of the country. At these

anniversary occasions, the candidates for honors make public exhibition

of their ability; the literary societies attached to the colleges hold

their celebrations: and addresses and poems are delivered by literary

gentlemen previously invited to perform that duty. The number of

colleges in the country, and the fact that the most distinguished

scholars in the country are generally selected for the office, gives to

these occasions a peculiar and decided interest; and the addresses then

and thus pronounced, being published, form no inconsiderable or unworthy

portion of the literature of the age. The commencement at Yale College

was celebrated at New Haven, on the 15th ult. The recurrence of the

third semi-centennial anniversary of the foundation of the college, in

1700, led to additional exercises of great interest, under the

supervision of the alumni of the college, of whom over 3000 are still

living, and about 1000 of whom were present. President WOOLSEY delivered

a very interesting historical discourse, sketching the origin, progress,

and results of the institution, and claiming for it a steady and

successful effort to meet the requirements of the country and the age.

The discourse, when published, will form a valuable contribution to the

historical literature of the country. The alumni, at their dinner, which

followed the address, listened to some eloquent and interesting speeches

from ex-President DAY and Prof. SILLIMAN, touching the history of Yale

College; from Prof. FELTON, concerning Harvard; from LEONARD BACON,

D.D., in reference to the clergy educated at Yale; from EDWARD BATES, of

Missouri, concerning the West and the Union; from Prof. BROWN, of

Dartmouth; from DANIEL LORD, of New York, upon the Bench and the Bar;

and from Dr. STEVENS, upon the Medical Profession, as connected with

Yale College; and from other gentlemen of distinction and ability, upon

various topics. JOHN W. ANDREWS, Esq., of Columbus, O., delivered the

oration before the Phi Beta Kappa Society; his subject was the Progress

of the World during the last half century. OLIVER WENDELL HOLMES, of

Cambridge, delivered the poem, which was one of his most admirable

productions--a blending of the most exquisite descriptive and

sentimental poetry with the finest humor, the keenest wit, and the most

effective sarcasm. PIERPONT, the well-known poet, also read an admirable

satirical and humorous poem at the dinner: The number of graduates at

Yale this year was seventy-eight.--The commencement of the University of

Vermont occurred on the 7th. Rev. HENRY WILKES, of Montreal, delivered

an address before the Society for Religious Inquiry, upon the Relations

of the Age to Theology. H. J. RAYMOND, of New-York, addressed the

Associate Alumni on the Duties of American Scholars, with special

reference to certain aspects of American Society; and Rev. Mr. WASHBURN,

of Newburyport, Mass., delivered an address before the Literary

Societies, on the Developments and Influences of the Spiritual

Philosophy The number of graduates was fifteen--considerably less than

usual.--Union College at Schenectady, N.Y., celebrated its commencement

on the 24th of July. Rev. Dr. S. H. Cox, of Brooklyn, delivered the

address. The number of graduates was eighty.--At Dartmouth, commencement

occurred on the 25th of July. Rev. Dr. SPRAGUE, of Albany, addressed the

alumni on the Perpetuity of Literary Influence; DAVID PAUL BROWN, Esq.,

of Philadelphia, the Literary Societies, on Character, its Force and

Results; and Rev. ALBERT BARNES, of the same city, addressed the

Theological Society on the Theology of the Unknown. The number of

graduates was forty-six.--On the 24th of July, the regular

commencement-day, Hon. THEO. FRELINGHUYSEN was inaugurated as President

of Rutgers College, N.J. His address was one of great ability and

eloquence, enforcing the importance of academic education to the age and

the country. The number of graduates was twenty-four.--Amherst College

celebrated its commencement on the 8th The number of graduates was

twenty-four Rev. Dr. Cox addressed the Society of Inquiry on the

importance of having history studied as a science in our colleges. A. B.

STREET, Esq., of Albany, delivered a poem, and Mr. E. P. WHIPPLE, of

Boston, an admirable and eloquent oration on the characteristics and

tendencies of American genius. He repeated the oration at the Wesleyan

University, at Middletown, Conn.; where a brilliant oration by Prof. D.

D. WHEDON, and a poem by Mr. W. H. C. HOSMER, were delivered before the

Phi Beta Kappa Society. An able and learned address was delivered before

the Alumni by Rev. J. CUMMINGS. The number of graduates was

nineteen.--Some important changes are to be made in the organization of

Brown University, in accordance with the principles and views recently

set forth by President WAYLAND, in a published pamphlet. Greater

prominence is to be given to the study of the natural sciences as

applied to the arts of practical life, and the study of the ancient

languages is to be made optional with students. The sum of $108,000 has

been raised by subscriptions in aid of the institution. Rev. ASAHEL

KENDRICK, of Madison University, has been elected Professor of Greek;

WILLIAM A. NORTON, of Delaware College, Professor of Natural Philosophy

and Civil Engineering; and JOHN A. PORTER, of the Lawrence Scientific

School, Professor of Chemistry applied to the Arts.--Rev. Dr. Tefft, of

Cincinnati, has been elected President of the Genesee College just

established at Lima, N.Y. The sum of $100,000 has been raised for its

support.

* * * * *

From CALIFORNIA our intelligence is to the 15th of July, received by the

Philadelphia steamer, which brought gold to the value of over a million

of dollars. The accounts from the gold mines are unusually good. The

high water at most of the old mines prevented active operations; but

many new deposits had been discovered, especially upon the head waters

of Feather river, and between that and Sacramento river. Gold has also

been discovered at the upper end of Carson river valley, near and at the

eastern base of the Sierra Nevada. A lump of quartz mixed with gold,

weighing thirty pounds, and containing twenty-three pounds of pure gold,

has been found between the North and Middle Forks of the Yuba river. At

Nevada and the Gold Run, where the deposits were supposed to have been

exhausted, further explorations have shown it in very great abundance,

at a depth, sometimes, of forty feet below the surface. The hills and

ravines in the neighborhood are said to be very rich in gold.--A very

alarming state of things exists in the southern mines, owing, in a great

degree, to the disaffection created by the tax levied upon foreign

miners. Murders and other crimes of the most outrageous character are of

constant occurrence, and in the immediate vicinity of Sonora, it is

stated that more than twenty murders had been committed within a

fortnight. Guerrilla parties, composed mainly of Mexican robbers, were

in the mountains, creating great alarm, and rendering life and property

in their vicinity wholly insecure. Fresh Indian troubles had also broken

out on the Tuolumne: three Americans had been shot.--The Odd Fellows

have erected a grand edifice at San Francisco for the accommodation of

their order.--The Fourth of July was celebrated with great enthusiasm

throughout California.--It is stated that a line of steamers is to be

run from San Francisco direct to Canton. Whether the enterprise be

undertaken at once or not, it cannot, in the natural course of events,

be delayed many years. The settlement of California will lead, directly

or indirectly, to a constant commercial intercourse with China, and will

exert a more decided influence upon the trade and civilization of

eastern Asia, than any other event of the present century. California

can not long continue dependent upon the Atlantic coast, still less

upon the countries of Europe, for the teas, silks, spices, &c, which her

population will require. She is ten thousand miles nearer to their

native soil than either England, France, or the United States, and will,

of course, procure them for herself rather than through their agency.

From OREGON we have intelligence to the first of July. Governor LANE has

resigned his post as governor of the territory, and was about starting

on a gold-hunting expedition. It is said that one of the richest gold

mines on the Pacific coast has been discovered in the Spokan country,

some 400 miles above Astoria, on the Columbia river. Parties were on

their way to examine it. Extensive discoveries of gold, we may say here,

are reported to have been made in Venezuela, on a branch of the river

Orinoco. The papers of that country are full of exultation over this

discovery, from which they anticipate means to pay the English debt

within a single year.

* * * * *

From MEXICO our dates are to the 16th of July. The ravages of the

Indians in the Northern districts still continue. In Chihuahua they have

become so extensive that a body of three hundred men was to be sent to

suppress them. The State of Durango has also been almost overrun by

them. In Sonora several severe conflicts have taken place in which the

troops were victorious. The cholera has almost ceased.

* * * * *

In ENGLAND, no event has excited more interest than the claim of his

seat in the House of Commons by Baron ROTHSCHILD. At his request, a

meeting of the electors of the city of London was held July 25th, to

confer on the course proper to be pursued. The meeting concluded by

resolving that Baron R. ought to claim his seat, which he accordingly

did on the 26th of July. He asked to be sworn on the Old Testament,

against which Sir Robert Inglis protested. The question was debated for

several days, and was finally postponed until the next session.--The

proceedings of PARLIAMENT, during the month, have not been of special

interest. The House of Commons passed the resolutions approving of the

foreign policy of the ministry, and especially its conduct in regard to

the claims on the government of Greece, by a vote of ayes 310, nays 264,

showing a ministerial majority of 46. The selection of a site for the

great Industrial Exhibition of next year has elicited a good deal of

discussion. Hyde Park has been fixed upon as the site against the very

earnest remonstrances of many who live in its vicinity; and the building

committee have accepted an offer made by Mr. Paxton, to erect a building

chiefly of iron and glass. It is to be of wood-work to the height of

eighteen feet, and arrangements have been made to provide complete

ventilation, and to secure a moderate temperature. It is to be made in

Birmingham, and the entire cost is stated at about a million of

dollars. There will be on the ground-floor alone seven miles of tables.

There will be 1,200,000 square feet of glass, 24 miles of one

description of gutter, and 218 miles of "sash-bar;" and in the

construction 4500 tons of iron will be expended. The wooden floor will

be arranged with "divisions," so as to allow the dust to fall

through.--An attempt was made to secure a vote in the House of Commons

in favor of repealing the malt-tax, on the ground that it pressed too

heavily upon the agricultural interest; but it failed, 247 voting

against it and 123 in its favor.--An effort was made to extend still

further the principles of the reform bill, by making the franchise of

counties in England and Wales the same as it is in boroughs, giving the

right of voting to all occupiers of tenements of the annual value of

£10. The motion was warmly advocated by several members, but opposed by

Lord John Russel, partly on the ground that it was brought forward at a

wrong time, and partly because he thought the changes contemplated

inconsistent with the maintenance of the monarchy, the House of Lords,

and the House of Commons, which were fundamental parts of the British

Constitution. The motion was lost by 159 to 100.--A motion to inquire

into the working of the existing regulation concerning Sunday labor in

the Post-offices was carried 195 to 112.--A motion made by Lord John

Russell to erect a monument in Westminster Abbey, to the memory of Sir

Robert Peel was carried by acclamation.--The sum of £12,000 per annum

was voted to the present Duke of Cambridge, and £3000 to the Princess

Mary of Cambridge--being grandchildren of the late King George III.--not

without strenuous opposition from members, who thought the sums

unnecessarily large.

A petition was recently presented in the House of Lords, purporting to

be signed by 18,000 rate payers, against the bill for the Liverpool

Corporation Water-works. In consequence of suspicions that were

entertained, the document was referred to a select committee and it was

found on investigation that many of the names had been affixed by

clerks, and the paper then wet to make it appear that it had been

carried round from place to place in the rain. Evidence was taken

showing that this had been a very common practice of agents employed by

the parties interested to get up signatures to petitions. The Committee

in the House of Lords had expressed themselves very strongly as to the

necessity of some law for preventing such abuses in future.--The

criminal tables for the year 1849 have been laid before Parliament. Of

the persons committed for trial during the year, 6786 were acquitted,

and 21,001 convicted. Of these convicted one in 318 was sentenced to

death, and one in 8 to transportation. There has been no execution since

1841 except for murder: of 19 persons convicted during the past year of

this offense 15 were executed, _five_ of whom were females.--The Royal

Agricultural Society held its annual meeting July 18th at Exeter. Mr.

LAWRENCE the American Minister at London, and Mr. RIVES the Minister at

Paris were both present and made eloquent speeches, upon the

agricultural state of England.--The boiler of the steamer Red Rover at

Bristol exploded July 22d, killing six persons and severely injuring

many others.--An explosion took place in the coal-pits belonging to Mr.

Sneden, near Airdrie on the 23d, by which _nineteen_ persons were

instantly killed. Only one man in the mine escaped; he saved his life by

throwing himself upon the ground the moment he heard the explosion. The

men were not provided with Davy safety-lamps.--At a meeting of the Royal

Humane Society a new invention of Lieutenant Halkett, of the Navy, was

introduced. It is a boat-cloak which may be worn, like a common cloak on

the shoulders, and may be inflated in three or four minutes by a bellows

and will then sustain six or eight persons--forming a kind of boat which

it is almost impossible to overturn. A trial was to be made of its

efficacy.--Sir Thomas Wilde has been made Lord Chancellor and raised to

the peerage by the title of Baron Truro of Bowes, in the County of

Middlesex.--Sir Robert Peel, Bart., has been returned to Parliament for

the borough of Tamworth made vacant by the death of his father. It is

stated that Sir Robert's last injunction was that his children should

not receive titles or pensions for any supposed services their father

might have rendered. This is in keeping with the severe simplicity of

his character and negatives conclusively the representations of those

who have charged his advocacy of measures designed to aid the poor, to

interested motives of selfish or family ambition. A subscription has

been set on foot for a testimonial to his memory to be called "the

Working-man's Monument."

* * * * *

The foreign LITERARY INTELLIGENCE of the month is unusually meagre. The

only work of great interest that has been published is WORDSWORTH'S

posthumous Poem, _The Prelude_, of which a somewhat extended notice will

be found on a preceding page. It has already been republished in this

country, where it will find a wide circle of sympathizing readers. The

Household Narrative, in summing up the literary news, says that another

note-worthy poem of the month, also a posthumous publication though

written some years ago, is a dramatic piece attributed to Mr. Beddoes,

and partaking largely of his well-known eccentricity and genius, called

_Death's Jest-Book or the Fool's Tragedy_. A republication of Mr.

Cottle's twenty-four books of _Alfred_, though the old pleasant butt and

"jest-book" of his ancient friend Charles Lamb, is said hardly to

deserve even so many words of mention. Nor is there much novelty in _A

Selection from the Poems and Dramatic Works of Theodore Korner_, though

the translation is a new one, and by the clever translator of the

_Nibelungen_. To this brief catalogue of works of fancy is added the

mention of two somewhat clever tales in one volume, with the title of

_Hearts in Mortmain_ and _Cornelia_, intended to illustrate the working

of particular phases of mental emotion; and another by Mrs. Trollope,

called _Petticoat Government_.----In the department of history there is

nothing more important than a somewhat small volume with the very large

title of the _Correspondence of the Emperor Charles V. and his

Embassadors at the Courts of England and France_; which turns out to be

a limited selection from letters existing in the archives at Vienna, but

not uninteresting to English readers, from the fact of their incidental

illustrations of the history of Henry VIII., and the close of Wolsey's

career. Two books of less pretension have contributed new facts to the

history of the late civil war in Hungary; the first from the Austrian

point of view by an _Eye-witness_, and the second from the Hungarian by

_Max Schlesinger_. Mr. Baillie Cochrane has also contributed his mite to

the elucidation of recent revolutions in a volume called _Young Italy_,

which is chiefly remarkable for its praise of Lord Brougham, its defense

of the Pope, its exaggerated scene-painting of the murder of Rossi, its

abuse of the Roman Republic, and its devotion of half a line to the

mention of Mazzini.

Better worthy of brief record are the few miscellaneous publications,

which comprise an excellent new translation of _Rochefoucauld's Maxims_,

with a better account of the author, and more intelligent notes, than

exist in any previous edition; most curious and interesting _Memorials

of the Empire of Japan in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries_,

which Mr. Rundell of the East India House has issued under the

superintendence of the Hakluyt Society, and which illustrate English

relations with those Japanese; an intelligent and striking summary of

the _Antiquities of Richborough, Reculver, and Lynne_, written by Mr.

Roach Smith and illustrated by Mr. Fairholt, which exhibits the results

of recent discoveries of many remarkable Roman antiquities in Kent; and

a brief, unassuming narrative of the Hudson's Bay Company's _Expedition

to the Shores of the Arctic Sea in 1846 and 1847_, by the commander of

the expedition, Mr. John Rae.

Ballooning in France and England seems to have become a temporary mania.

The ascent of Messrs. Barral and Bixio, of which a detailed and very

interesting account will be found in a preceding page, has encouraged

imitators in various styles. One M. Poitevin made an ascent in Paris

seated on a horse, which was attached to the balloon in place of the

car. The London _Athenæum_ invokes the aid of the police to prevent such

needless cruelty to animals, and to exercise proper supervision over the

madmen who undertake such fool-hardy feats.----A plaster mask said to

have been taken from the face of Shakspeare, and bearing the date 1616

on its back, has been brought to London from Mayence, which is said to

have been procured from an ecclesiastical personage of high rank at

Cologne. It excites considerable attention among virtuosos.----The

English, undeterred by the indignation which has been poured out upon

Lord Elgin by BYRON and others for rifling Athens of its antiquities for

display at home, are practicing the same desecration in regard to the

treasures discovered in Nineveh by Mr. Layard. It is announced that the

Great Bull and upwards of 100 tons of sculpture excavated by him, may be

expected in England in September for the British Museum. The French

Government are also making extensive collections of Assyrian works of

art.----Among those who perished by the loss of the British steamer

_Orion_ was Dr. JOHN BURNS, Professor of Surgery in the University of

Glasgow, and a man of considerable eminence in his profession. He was

the author of several works upon various medical subjects and had also

written upon literary and theological topics. Dr. GRAY, Professor of

Oriental languages in the same university has also deceased within the

month.----A new filtering apparatus, intended to render sea-water

drinkable, has recently been brought to the notice of the Paris

Academy.----A letter in the London _Athenæum_ from the Nile complains

bitterly of the constant devastation of the remains of ancient temples,

&c., caused by the rapacious economy of the government. The writer

states that immense sculptured and painted blocks have been taken from

the temple of Karnac, for the construction of a sugar factory; a fine

ancient tomb has also entirely disappeared under this process. Very

earnest complaints are also made of the Prussian traveler Dr. Lepsius,

for carrying away relies of antiquity, and for destroying others. The

writer urges that if this process is continued Egypt will lose far more

by the cessation of English travel than she can gain in the value of

material used.----Rev. W. KIRBY, distinguished as one of the first

entomologists of the age, died at his residence in Suffolk, July 4th, at

the advanced age of 91. He has left behind him several works of great

ability and reputation on his favorite science.----It is stated that the

late Sir Robert Peel left his papers to Lord Mahon and Mr. Edward

Cardwell M.P.----Among the deaths of the month we find that of an

amiable man and accomplished writer, Mr. B. Simmons, whose name will be

recollected as that of a frequent contributor of lyrical poems of a high

order to _Blackwood's Magazine_, and to several of the Annuals. Mr.

Simmons, who held a situation in the Excise office, died July

19th.----GUIZOT, the eminent historian, on the marriage of his two

daughters recently to descendants of the illustrious Hollander De WITT,

was unable to give them any thing as marriage portions. Notwithstanding

the eminent positions he has filled for so much of his life--positions

which most men would have made the means of acquiring enormous wealth,

GUIZOT is still poor. This fact alone furnishes at once evidence and

illustration of his sterling integrity.----A new History of Spain, by

ST. HILAIRE, is in course of publication in Paris. He has been engaged

upon it for a number of years, and it is said to be a work of great

ability and learning.----LEVERRIER, the French astronomer, has published

a strong appeal in favor of throwing the electric telegraph open to the

public in France, as it has been in the United States. At present it is

guarded by the government as a close monopoly. His paper contains a good

deal of interesting matter in regard to this greatest of modern

inventions.----MEINHOLD, the author of the "Amber Witch," has lately

been fined and imprisoned for slandering a brother clergyman. This is

the second instance in which he has been convicted of this

offense.----M. GUIZOT has addressed a long letter to each of the five

classes of the Institute of France, to declare that he can not accept

the candidateship offered him for a seat in the Superior Council of

Public Instruction.----Sir EDWARD BULWER LYTTON is to be a candidate for

the House of Commons, with Colonel Sibthorpe, for Lincoln. He has a new

play forthcoming for the Princess's Theater.----Miss STRICKLAND has in

preparation a series of volumes on the Queens of Scotland, as a

companion to her interesting and successful work on the Queens of

England.----Sir FRANCIS KNOWLES has recently taken out a patent for

producing iron in an improved form. In blast-furnaces, as at present

constructed, the ore, the flux, and combustibles, are mixed together;

and the liberated gases of the fuel injure the quality of the iron, and

cause great waste, in the shape of slag. By the new process the ore is

to be kept separate from the sulphureous fuel in a compartment contrived

for the purpose, in the centre of the furnace, where it will be in

contact with peat only; and in this way the waste will be avoided, and a

quality of metal will be produced fully equal to the best Swedish. The

invention is likely to be one of considerable importance.----Professor

JOHNSTON, the distinguished English agriculturist, who visited this

country last year, and lectured in several of the principal cities, at a

late farmers' meeting in Berwickshire, gave a general account of the

state of agriculture in America, as it fell under his personal

observation. He represented it in the Northern States as about what it

was in Scotland eighty or ninety years ago. The land in all New England

he said had been exhausted by bad farming, and even in the Western

States the tendency of things was to the same result. He thought it

would not be long before America would be utterly unable to export wheat

to England in any large quantity.

* * * * *

Affairs in FRANCE are still unsettled. The Government goes steadily

forward in the enactment of laws restraining the Press, forbidding free

discussion among the people, diminishing popular rights and preparing

the way, by all the means in their power, for another revolution. The

most explicit provisions of the Constitution have been set aside and the

government of the Republic is really more despotic than was that of

Louis Philippe at any time during his reign. A warm debate occurred in

the Assembly on the bill for restricting the liberty of the press. It

commenced on the 8th of July and gave occasion to a violent scene. M.

Rouher, the Minister of Justice, spoke of the Revolution of February as

a "disastrous catastrophe," which elicited loud demands from the

opposition that he should be called to order. The President refused to

call him to order and M. Girardin threatened to resign saying, that he

would not sit in an assembly where such language was permitted. He did

not resign, however, but his friends contented themselves with handing

in a protest the next day which the President refused to receive. The

debate then proceeded and an amendment was passed, 313 to 281, declaring

that all leading articles in journals should be signed by the writers.

On the 15th an amendment was adopted that papers publishing a

_feuilleton_ should pay an additional tax of one centime beyond the

ordinary stamp duty. On the 16th the bill was finally passed by a vote

of 390 to 265.

* * * * *

From PORTUGAL we learn that Mr. CLAY, having failed to secure from the

Portuguese government a compliance with the demands he was instructed to

make, asked for his passports and withdrew. The difficulty engages the

attention of the Portuguese Minister at Washington, and the Department

of State, and it is supposed that it will be amicably settled. No

details of the negotiations in progress have been made public, but it is

understood that no doubt exists as to the result.

* * * * *

In GERMANY the event of the month which excites most interest in this

country, is the death of NEANDER. Our preceding pages contain a notice

of his life, writings, and character, which renders any further mention

here unnecessary.----At Berlin the Academy of Sciences has been holding

a sitting, according to its statutes, in honor of the memory of

Leibnitz. In the course of the oration delivered on the occasion it was

stated that, the 4th of August next being the 50th anniversary of the

admission of Alexander von Humboldt as a member of the Academy, it has

been resolved, in celebration of the event, to place a marble bust of

the "Nestor of Science" in the lecture-room of the Society.

* * * * *

From SPAIN there is nothing of importance. The Queen, Isabella, gave

birth to an heir, on the 13th of July, but it lived scarcely an hour, so

that the Duchess of Montpensier is still heir presumptive to the throne.

The Count of Montemolin has married a sister of the king of Naples, and

the Spanish minister, taking offense, has left that court.

* * * * *

From DENMARK there is intelligence of new hostilities. The

Schleswig-Holstein difficulty, which was supposed to have been settled,

has broken out afresh. The negotiations which had been in progress

between the five great powers, were broken off by Prussia, she declaring

that neither Austria nor Prussia could ever assent to considering the

provinces in question as parts of the Danish monarchy. The failure to

agree upon satisfactory terms, led both parties to prepare for renewed

hostilities, and a severe engagement took place on the 25th of July,

between the Danes and the Holsteiners, in which the latter were

defeated. The field of action was Idstedt, a small village on the

Flensburg road. The Danish army amounted to about 45,000 men, commanded

by General Von Krogh; the army of the Holsteiners to 28,000 only,

commanded at the centre by General Willisen, a Prussian volunteer; at

the right by Colonel Von der Horst, also a Prussian, and at the left by

Colonel Von der Taun, a Bavarian officer, of chivalrous courage and

great impetuosity. The battle commenced at three o'clock in the morning

with an attack of the Danes on both wings of the enemy. They were very

warmly received, and after the battle had lasted two or three hours,

they made an assault upon the centre, with infantry, cavalry, and

artillery at the same time. They were so strongly repulsed, however,

that they were compelled to retreat. An attack of their whole force,

concentrated upon the centre and right wing of the Holsteiners was more

successful, and by bringing up a reserve, after ten or twelve hours hard

fighting, they compelled the Holstein centre to give way, and by two

o'clock the army was in full retreat, but in good order. The Danes

appear to have been either too fatigued or too indolent to follow up

their advantage. The members of the Holstein government, who were in

Schleswig, fled immediately to Kiel, on hearing the battle was lost; all

the officials also left the town; the post-office was shut, the doors

locked, and all business suspended. The battle was more sanguinary than

that fought under the walls of Frederica on the 6th of July last year.

The loss on both sides has been estimated at about 7000 men in killed,

wounded, and missing--of which the Holstein party say the greater share

has fallen upon the Danes. Another engagement is said to have taken

place on the 1st of August near Mohede, in which the Danes were

defeated, with but slight loss on either side. The interference of the

great powers is anticipated.

* * * * *

From INDIA and the EAST there is little news of interest. A terrible

accident occurred at Benares on the 1st of May. A fleet of thirty boats,

containing ordnance stores, was destroyed by the explosion of 3000

barrels of gunpowder with which they were freighted. Four hundred and

twenty persons were killed on the spot, about 800 more were wounded, and

a number of houses were leveled with the ground. The cause of the

disaster remained unexplained, as not a human being was left alive who

could tell the tale.----The city of Canton has been visited with a

severe fever which has been very destructive, though it had spared the

European factories.----The great Oriental diamond, seized by the British

as part of the spoils of the Sikh war, was presented to the Queen on the

3d of July, having arrived from India a few days before. It was

discovered in the mines of Golconda three hundred years ago, and first

belonged to the Mogul emperor, the father of the great Aurungzebee. Its

shape and size are like those of the pointed end of a hen's egg; and its

value is estimated at two millions of pounds sterling.----News has been

received of an insurrection against the Dutch government in the district

of Bantam. The insurgents attacked the town of Anjear, in the Straits of

Sunda, but, after burning the houses, were driven back to their

fastnesses by the military.

LITERARY NOTICES.

IN MEMORIAM. Boston: Ticknor, Reed, and Fields. 12mo. pp. 216.

The impressive beauty of these touching lyrics proceeds, in a great

degree, from the "sad sincerity" which so evidently inspired their

composition. In memory of a youthful friend, who was distinguished for

his rare early promise, his ripe and manifold accomplishments, and a

strange, magnetic affinity with the genius of the author, these

exquisite poems are the gushing expression of a heart touched and

softened, but not enervated by deep sorrow. The poet takes a pensive

delight in gathering up every memorial of the brother of his affections;

his fancy teems with all sweet and beautiful images to show the

tenderness of his grief; every object in external nature recalls the

lost treasure; until, after reveling in the luxury of woe, he regains a

serene tranquillity, with the lapse of many years. With the exquisite

pathos that pervades this volume, there is no indulgence in weak and

morbid sentiment. It is free from the preternatural gloom which so often

makes elegiac poetry an abomination to every healthy intellect. The

tearful bard does not allow himself to be drowned in sorrow, but draws

from its pure and bitter fountains the sources of noble inspiration and

earnest resolve. No one can read these natural records of a spirit,

wounded but not crushed, without fresh admiration of the rich poetical

resources, the firm, masculine intellect, and the unbounded wealth of

feeling, which have placed TENNYSON in such a lofty position among the

living poets of England.

* * * * *

Harper and Brothers have recently published _The History of Darius_, by

JACOB ABBOTT, _The English Language in its Elements and Forms_, by

WILLIAM C. FOWLER, _Julia Howard_, a Romance, by Mrs. MARTIN BELL,

_Five Years of a Hunter's Life in the Interior of South Africa_, by R.

G. CUMMING, _Health, Disease, and Remedy_, by GEORGE MOORE, and _Latter

Day Pamphlets_, No. viii., by THOMAS CARLYLE.

_The History of Darius_ is one of Mr. ABBOTT'S popular historical

series, written in the style of easy and graceful idiomatic English

(though not always free from inaccuracies), which give a pleasant flavor

to all the productions of the author. In a neat preface, with which the

volume is introduced, Mr. Abbott explains the reasons for the mildness

and reserve with which he speaks of the errors, and often the crimes of

the persons whose history he describes. He justifies this course, both

on the ground of its intrinsic propriety, and of the authority of

Scripture, which, as he justly observes, relates the narratives of crime

"in a calm, simple, impartial, and forbearing spirit, which leads us to

condemn, the sins, but not to feel a pharisaical resentment and wrath

against the sinner." The present volume sets forth the leading facts in

the life of Darius the Great with remarkable clearness and condensation,

and can scarcely be too highly commended, both for the use of juvenile

readers, and of those who wish to become acquainted with the subject,

but who have not the leisure to pursue a more extended course of

historical study.

Professor FOWLER'S work on the English Language is a profound treatise

on the Philosophy of Grammar, the fruit of laborious and patient

research for many years, and an addition of unmistakable value to our

abundant philological treasures. It treats of the English Language in

its elements and forms, giving a copious history of its origin and

development, and ascending to the original principles on which its

construction is founded. The work is divided into eight parts, each of

which presents a different aspect of the subject, yet all of them, in

their mutual correlation, and logical dependence, are intended to form a

complete and symmetrical system. We are acquainted with no work on this

subject which is better adapted for a text-book in collegiate

instruction, for which purpose it is especially designed by the author.

At the same time it will prove an invaluable aid to more advanced

students of the niceties of our language, and may even be of service to

the most practiced writers, by showing them the raw material, in its

primitive state, out of which they cunningly weave together their most

finished and beautiful fabrics.

_Julia Howard_ is the reprint of an Irish story of exciting interest,

which, by its powerful delineation of passion, its bright daguerreotypes

of character, and the wild intensity of its plot, must become a favorite

with the lovers of high-wrought fiction.

We have given a taste of CUMMING'S _Five Years of a Hunter's Life_ in

the last number of _The New Monthly Magazine_, from which it will be

seen that the writer is a fierce, blood-thirsty Nimrod, whose highest

ideal is found in the destruction of wild-beasts, and who relates his

adventures with the same eagerness of passion which led him to

expatriate himself from the charms of English society in the tangled

depths of the African forest. Every page is redolent of gunpowder, and

you almost hear the growl of the victim as he falls before the unerring

shot of this mighty hunter.

Dr. MOORE'S book on _Health, Disease, and Remedy_ is a plain, practical,

common-sense treatise on hygiene, without confinement in the harness of

any of the modern _opathies_. His alert and cheerful spirit will prevent

the increase of hypochondria by the perusal of his volume, and his

directions are so clear and definite, that they can be easily

comprehended even by the most nervous invalid. Its purpose can not be

more happily described than in the words of the author. "It is neither a

popular compendium of physiology, hand-book of physic, an art of healing

made easy, a medical guide-book, a domestic medicine, a digest of odd

scraps on digestion, nor a dry reduction of a better book, but rather a

running comment on a few prominent truths in medical science, viewed

according to the writer's own experience. The object has been to assist

the unprofessional reader to form a sober estimate of Physic, and enable

him to second the physician's efforts to promote health." Dr. Moore's

habits of thought and expression are singularly direct, and he never

leaves you at a loss for his meaning.

We can not say so much for CARLYLE, whose eighth number of _Latter-Day

Tracts_, on _Jesuitism_, brings that flaming and fantastic series to a

close, with little detriment, we presume, to the public.

Phillips, Sampson, and Co. have published a critique on Carlyle, by

ELIZUR WRIGHT, the pungent editor of the Boston Chronotype, entitled

_Perforations of the "Latter-Day Pamphlets, by one of the Eighteen

Million Bores,"_ in which he makes some effective hits, reducing the

strongest positions of his opponent to impalpable powder.

_The Odd Fellows' Offering for_ 1851, published by Edward Walker, is the

ninth volume of this beautiful annual, and is issued with the earliest

of its competitors for public favor. As a representative of the literary

character of the Order, it is highly creditable to the Institution.

Seven of the eleven illustrations are from original paintings by native

artists. The frontispiece, representing the Marriage of Washington,

appeals forcibly to the national sentiment, and is an appropriate

embellishment for a work dedicated to a large and increasing fraternity,

whose principles are in admirable harmony with those of our free

institutions.

_Haw-Ho-Noo, or, Records of a Tourist_, by CHARLES LANMAN, published by

Lippincott, Grambo and Co., under an inappropriate title, presents many

lively and agreeable descriptions of adventures in various journeys in

different parts of the United States. The author has a keen sense of the

beauties of nature, is always at home in the forest or at the side of

the mountain stream, and tells all sorts of stories about trout, salmon,

beavers, maple-sugar, rattle-snakes, and barbecues, with a heart-felt

unction that is quite contagious. As a writer of simple narrative, his

imagination sometimes outstrips his discretion, but every one who reads

his book will admit that he is not often surpassed for the fresh and

racy character of his anecdotes.

_The Autobiography of Leigh Hunt_, published by Harper and Brothers, as

our readers may judge from the specimens given in a former number of

this Magazine, is one of the most charming works that have lately been

issued from the English press. Leigh Hunt so easily falls into the

egotistic and ridiculous, that it is a matter of wonder how he has

escaped from them to so great a degree in the present volumes. His

vanity seems to have been essentially softened by the experience of

life, the asperities of his nature greatly worn away, and his mind

brought under the influence of a kindly and genial humor. With his rare

mental agility, his susceptibility to many-sided impressions, and his

catholic sympathy with almost every phase of character and intellect, he

could not fail to have treasured up a rich store of reminiscences, and

his personal connection with the most-celebrated literary men of his

day, gives them a spirit and flavor, which could not have been obtained

by the mere records of his individual biography. The work abounds with

piquant anecdotes of Coleridge, Wordsworth, Shelley, Byron, Keats, Lamb,

Hazlitt, and Moore--gives a detailed exposition of Hunt's connection

with the Examiner, and his imprisonment for libel--his residence in

Italy--his return to England--and his various literary projects--and

describes with the most childlike frankness the present state of his

opinions and feelings on the manifold questions which have given a

direction to his intellectual activity through life. Whatever

impressions it may leave as to the character of the author, there can be

but one opinion as to the fascination of his easy, sprightly, gossiping

style, and the interest which attaches to the literary circles, whose

folding-doors he not ungracefully throws open.

The _United States Railroad Guide and Steam-boat Journal_, by Holbrook

and Company, is one of the best manuals for the use of travelers now

issued by the monthly press, containing a great variety of valuable

information, in a neat and portable form.

_Hints to Young Men on the True Relation of the Sexes_, by JOHN WARE,

M.D., is a brief treatise, prepared by a distinguished scientific man of

Boston, in which an important subject is treated with delicacy, good

sense, and an earnest spirit. It is published by Tappan, Whittimore, and

Mason, Boston.

Among the publications of the last month by Lippincott, Grambo, and

Company, is the _Iris_, an elegant illuminated souvenir, edited by

Professor JOHN S. HART, and comprising literary contributions from

distinguished American authors, several of whom, we notice, are from the

younger class of writers, who have already won a proud and enviable fame

by the admirable productions of their pens. In addition to the

well-written preface by the Editor, we observe original articles by

STODDARD, BOKER, CAROLINE MAY, ALICE CAREY, PHEBE CAREY, Rev. CHARLES T.

BROOKS, MARY SPENSER PEASE, EDITH MAY, ELIZA A. STARR, KATE CAMPBELL,

and others, most of which are superior specimens of the lighter form of

periodical literature. The volume is embellished with exquisite beauty,

containing four brilliantly illuminated pages, and eight line

engravings, executed in the highest style of London art. We are pleased

to welcome so beautiful a work from the spirited and intelligent house

by which it is issued, as a promise that it will sustain the well-earned

reputation of the old establishment of Grigg, Elliot, and Co., of which

it is the successor. The head of that firm, Mr. JOHN GRIGG, we may take

this occasion to remark, presents as striking a history as can be

furnished by the records of bookselling in this country. Commencing life

without the aid of any external facilities, and obtaining the highest

eminence in his profession, by a long career of industry, enterprise,

and ability, he has retired from active business with an ample fortune,

and the universal esteem of a large circle of friends. We trust that his

future years may be as happy, as his busy life has been exemplary and

prosperous.

George P. Putnam has published _The Chronicle of the Conquest of

Granada_, by WASHINGTON IRVING, forming the fourteenth volume of the

beautiful revised edition of Irving's collected works. Since the first

publication of this romantic prose-poem, the fictitious dress, in which

the inventive fancy of the author had arrayed the story, had been made

the subject of somewhat stringent criticism; Fray Antonio Agapida had

been found to belong to a Spanish branch of the family of Diedrich

Knickerbocker; and doubts were thus cast over the credibility of the

whole veracious chronicle. Mr. Irving extricates himself from the

dilemma with his usual graceful ingenuity. In a characteristic note to

this edition, he explains the circumstances in which the history had its

origin, and shows conclusively that whatever dimness may be thrown over

the identity of the worthy Fray Antonio, the work itself was constructed

from authentic documents, and is faithful in all its essential points to

historical fact. While occupied at Madrid in writing the life of

Columbus, Mr. Irving was strongly impressed with the rich materials

presented by the war of Granada, for a composition which should blend

the interest of romance with the fidelity of history. Alive as he always

is to picturesque effect, he was struck with the contrast presented by

the combatants of Oriental and European creeds, costumes, and manners;

with the hairbrained enterprises, chivalric adventures, and wild forays

through mountain regions; and with the moss-trooping assaults on

cliff-built castles and cragged fortresses, which succeeded each other

with dazzling brilliancy and variety. Fortunately in the well-stored

libraries of Madrid, he had access to copious and authentic chronicles,

often in manuscript, written at the time by eye-witnesses, and in some

instances, by persons who had been actually engaged in the scenes

described. At a subsequent period, after completing the Life of

Columbus, he made an extensive tour in Andalusia, visiting the ruins of

the Moorish towns, fortresses, and castles, and the wild mountain

passes, which had been the principal theatre of the war, and passing

some time in the stately old palace of the Alhambra, the once favorite

abode of the Moorish monarchs. With this preparation, he finished the

manuscript of which he had already drawn up the general outline,

adopting the fiction of a Spanish monk as the chronicler of the history.

By this innocent stratagem, Mr. Irving intended to personify in Fray

Antonio the monkish zealots who made themselves busy in the campaigns,

marring the chivalry of the camp by the bigotry of the cloister, and

exulting in every act of intolerance toward the Moors.

This ingenious explanation will give a fresh interest to the present

edition. The costume of the garrulous Agapida is still retained,

although the narrative is reduced more strictly within historical

bounds, and is enriched with new facts that have been recently brought

to light by the erudite researches of Alcántara and other diligent

explorers of this romantic field. With excellent taste, the publisher

has issued this volume in a style of typographical elegance not unworthy

the magnificent paragraphs of the golden-mouthed author.

_The Life and Times of General John Lamb_, by ISAAC Q. LEAKE, published

at Albany by J. Munsell, is an important contribution to the history of

the Revolution, compiled from original documents, many of which possess

great interest.

_Progress in the Northwest_ is the title of the Annual Discourse

delivered before the Historical Society of Ohio, by the President,

WILLIAM D. GALLAGHER, and published by H. W. Derby and Co., Cincinnati.

It gives a rapid description of the progress of cultivation and

improvement in the Northwestern portion of the United States, showing

the giant steps which have been taken, especially, within the last

twenty years, on that broad and fertile domain. The conditions of future

advancement are also discussed in the spirit of philosophical analysis,

and with occasional touches of genuine eloquence.

EDWARD EVERETT'S _Oration at the Celebration of the Battle of Bunker

Hill_, published by Redding and Co., Boston, describes some of the

leading incidents in that opening scene of the American Revolution, and

is distinguished for the rhetorical felicity, the picturesque beauty of

expression, and the patriotic enthusiasm which have given a wide

celebrity to the anniversary performances of the author. Its flowing

melody of style, combined with the impressive tones and graceful manner

of the speaker, enables us to imagine the effect which is said to have

been produced by its delivery. The ability exhibited in Mr. EVERETT'S

expressive and luminous narrative, if devoted to an elaborate

historical composition, would leave him with but few rivals in this

department of literature.

_Oration before the Phi Beta Kappa Society_ of Harvard University, by

TIMOTHY WALKER, published by James Munroe and Co., Boston, is a

temperate discussion of the Reform Spirit of the day, abounding in

salutary cautions and judicious discriminations. The style of the

Oration savors more of the man of affairs than of the practical writer,

and its good sense and moderate tone must have commended it to the

cultivated audience before which it was delivered.

_The Poem on the American Legend_, by BAYARD TAYLOR, pronounced on the

same occasion, and published by John Bartlett, Cambridge, is a graceful

portraiture of the elements of romance and poetry in the traditions of

our country, and contains passages of uncommon energy of versification,

expressing a high order of moral and patriotic sentiment. His allusion

to the special legends of different localities are very felicitous in

their tone, and the tribute to the character of the lamented President

is a fine instance of the condensation and forcible brevity which Mr.

Taylor commands with eminent success.

A useful and seasonable work, entitled _Europe, Past and Present_, by

FRANCIS H. UNGEWITTER, LL.D., has been issued by G. P. Putnam, which

will be found to contain a mass of information, carefully arranged and

digested, of great service to the student of European Geography and

History. The author, who is a native German, has published several

extensive geographical works in his own country, which have given him

the reputation of a sound and accurate scholar in that department of

research. He appears to have made a faithful and discriminating use of

the abundant materials at his command, and has produced a work which can

not fail to do him credit in his adopted land.

_The Architecture of Country Houses_, by A. J. DOWNING, published by D.

Appleton and Co., is from the pen of a writer whose former productions

entitle him to the rank of a standard authority on the attractive

subject of the present volume. Mr. Downing has certainly some uncommon

qualifications for the successful accomplishment of his task, which

requires no less practical experience and knowledge than a sound and

cultivated taste. He is familiar with the best publications of previous

authors; his pursuits, have led him to a thorough appreciation of the

wants and capabilities of country life; he has been trained by the

constant influence of rural scenes; and with an eye keenly susceptible

to the effect of proportion and form, he brings the refinements of true

culture and the suggestions of a vigilant common-sense to the

improvement of Rural Architecture, which he wishes to see in harmony

with the grand and beautiful scenery of this country. His remarks in the

commencement of the volume, with regard to the general significance of

architecture are worthy of profound attention. A due observance of the

principles, which he eloquently sets forth, would rescue the fine

localities for which nature has done so much from the monstrosities in

wood and brick with which they are so often deformed. His discussion of

the materials and modes of construction are of great practical value.

With the abundance of designs which he presents, for every style of

rural building, and the careful estimates of the expense, no one who

proposes to erect a house in the country can fail to derive great

advantage from consulting his well-written and interesting pages.

Tallis, Willoughby, & Co. are publishing as serials the _Adventures of

Don Quixote_, translated by JARVIS, and the _Complete Works of

Shakspeare_, edited by JAMES ORCHARD HALLIWELL. The Don Quixote is a

cheap edition, embellished with wood cuts by Tony Johannot. The

Shakspeare is illustrated with steel engravings by Rogers, Heath,

Finden, and Walker, from designs by Henry Warren, Edward Corbould, and

other English artists who are favorably known to the public. It is

intended that this edition shall contain all the writings ascribed to

the immortal dramatist, without distinction, including not only the

Poems and well-authenticated Plays, but also the Plays of doubtful

origin, or of which Shakspeare is supposed to have been only in part the

author.

Herrman J. Meyer, a German publisher in this city, is issuing an edition

of MEYER'S _Universum_, a splendid pictorial work, which is to appear in

monthly parts, each containing four engravings on steel, and twelve of

them making an annual volume with forty-eight plates. They consist of

the most celebrated views of natural scenery, and of rare works of art,

selected from prominent objects of interest in every part of the globe.

The first number contains an engraving of Bunker Hill Monument, the

_Ecole Nationale_ at Paris, Rousseau's Hermitage at Montmorency, and the

Royal Palace at Munich, besides a well-executed vignette on the

title-page and cover. The letter-press descriptions by the author are

retained in the original language, which, in a professed American

edition, is an injudicious arrangement, serving to limit the circulation

of the work, in a great degree, to Germans, and to those familiar with

the German language.

Mrs. CROWE'S _Night Side of Nature_, published by J. S. Redfield, is

another contribution to the literature of Ghosts and Ghost-Seers, which,

like the furniture and costume of the middle ages, seems to be coming

into fashion with many curious amateurs of novelties. The reviving taste

for this kind of speculation is a singular feature of the age, showing

the prevalence of a dissatisfied and restless skepticism, rather than an

enlightened and robust faith in spiritual realities. Mrs. Crowe is a

decided, though gentle advocate of the preternatural character of the

marvelous phenomena, of which probably every country and age presents a

more or less extended record. She has collected a large mass of

incidents, which have been supposed to bear upon the subject, many of

which were communicated to her on personal authority, and were first

brought to the notice of the public in her volume. She has pursued her

researches, with incredible industry, into the traditions of various

nations, making free use of the copious erudition of the Germans in this

department, and arranging the facts or legends she has obtained with a

certain degree of historical criticism, that gives a value to her work

as an illustration of national beliefs, without reference to its

character as a _hortus siccus_ of weird and marvelous stories. In point

of style, her volume is unexceptionable; its spirit is modest and

reverent; it can not be justly accused of superstition, though it

betrays a womanly instinct for the supernatural: and without being

imbued with any love of dogmas, breathes an unmistakable atmosphere of

purity and religious trust. The study of this subject can not be

recommended to the weak-minded and timorous, but an omnivorous digestion

may find a wholesome exercise of its capacity in Mrs. Crowe's tough

revelations.

A volume of Discourses, entitled _Christian Thoughts on Life_, by HENRY

GILES, has been published by Ticknor, Reed, and Fields, Boston,

consisting of a series of elaborate essays, intended to gather into a

compact form some fragments of moral experience, and to give a certain

record and order to the author's desultory studies of man's interior

life. Among the subjects of which it treats are The Worth of Life, the

Continuity of Life, the Discipline of Life, Weariness of Life, and

Mystery in Religion and in Life. The views presented by Mr. Giles are

evidently the fruit of profound personal reflection; they glow with the

vitality of experience; and in their tender and pleading eloquence will

doubtless commend themselves to many human sympathies. Mr. Giles has

been hitherto most favorably known to the public in this country, as a

brilliant rhetorician, and an original and piquant literary critic; in

the present volume, he displays a rare mastery of ethical analysis and

deduction.

W. Phillips & Co., Cincinnati, have issued an octavo volume of nearly

seven hundred pages, composed of _Lectures on the American Eclectic

System of Surgery_, by BENJAMIN L. HILL, M.D., with over one hundred

illustrative engravings. It is based on the principles of the medical

system of which the author is a distinguished practitioner.

The _National Temperance Offering_, edited by S. F. Cary, and published

by R. Vandien, is got up in an expensive style, and is intended as a

gift-book worthy the patronage of the advocates of the Temperance

Reform. In addition to a variety of contributions both in prose and

poetry from several able writers, it contains biographical sketches of

some distinguished Temperance men, accompanied with their portraits,

among whom we notice Rev. Dr. Beecher, Horace Greeley, John H. Hawkins,

T. P. Hunt, and others.

Fashions for Early Autumn.

[Illustration: FIG. 1.--PROMENADE DRESS.]

[Illustration: FIG. 2.--COSTUME FOR A YOUNG LADY.]

FIG 1. A PROMENADE DRESS of a beautiful lavender _taffetas_, the front

of the skirt trimmed with folds of the same, confined at regular

distances with seven flutes of lavender gauze ribbon, put on the reverse

of the folds; a double fluted frilling, rather narrow, encircles the

opening of the body, which is made high at the back, and closed in the

front with a fluting of ribbon similar to that on the skirt; _demi-long_

sleeves, cut up in a kind of wave at the back, so as to show the under

full sleeve of spotted white muslin. Chemisette of fulled muslin,

confined with bands of needlework. Scarf of white China _crape_,

beautifully embroidered, and finished with a deep, white, silk fringe.

Drawn _capote_ of pink _crape_, adorned in the interior with

half-wreaths of green myrtle.

FIG. 2. COSTUME FOR A YOUNG LADY.--A dress of white _barège_ trimmed

with three deep vandyked flounces put on close to each other; high body,

formed of worked inlet, finished with a stand-up row round the throat;

the sleeves descend as low as the elbow, where they are finished with

two deep frillings, vandyked similar to the flounces. Half-long gloves

of straw-colored kid, surmounted with a bracelet of black velvet. Drawn

_capote_ of white _crape_, adorned with clusters of the _rose de mott_

both in the interior and exterior. _Pardessus_ of pink _glacé_ silk,

trimmed with three frillings of the same, edged with a narrow silk

fringe, which also forms a heading to the same; over each hip is a

trimming _en tablier_ formed of the fringe; short sleeves, trimmed with

one fulling edged with fringe; these sleeves are of the same piece as

the cape, not cut separate; the trimming over the top of the arms being

similar to that under, and formed also of fringe; this _pardessus_ is

perfectly round in its form, and only closes just upon the front of the

waist.

MORNING CAPS which are slightly ornamented, vary more in the way in

which they are trimmed, than in the positive form; some being trimmed

with _chicorées_, wreaths of gauze ribbon, or knobs of ribbon edged with

a festooned open-work encircling a simple round of _tulle_, or what is

perhaps prettier, a cluster of lace. A pretty form, differing a little

from the monotonous round, is composed of a round forming a star, the

points being cut off; these points are brought close together, and are

encircled with a narrow _bavolet_, the front part being formed so as to

descend just below the ears, approaching somewhat to the appearance of

the front of a capote. A pretty style of morning cap are those made of

India muslin, _à petit papillon_, flat, edged with a choice Mechlin

lace, and having three _ricochets_ and a bunch of fancy ribbon placed

upon each side, from which depend the _brides_ or strings. Others are

extremely pretty, made of the _appliqué_ lace, rich Mechlin, or

needlework, and are sometimes ornamented with flowers, giving a

lightness to their appearance.

[Illustration: MORNING CAPS.]

FIG. 4. MORNING COSTUME.--Dress and pardessus of printed cambric muslin,

the pattern consisting of wreaths and bouquets of flowers. Jupon of

plain, white cambric muslin, edged with a border of rich open

needlework. The sleeves of the pardessus are gathered up in front of the

arm. The white under-sleeves, which do not descend to the wrists, are

finished by two rows of vandyked needlework. A small needlework collar.

Lace cap of the round form, placed very backward on the head, and

trimmed with full coques of pink and green ribbon at each ear.

[Illustration: FIG. 4--MORNING COSTUME.]

TRANSCRIBER'S NOTE

Minor errors in punctuation have been corrected without note.

The following typographical errors have been corrected:

Page Corrected Text Original had

435 fine view of the Firth of Forth Frith

439 when the curtains of the evening curttains

456 so I couldn't sleep comfortable could'nt

465 splendid creature on which he is mounted spendid

486 ancient hilarity of the English peasant peasaat

496 I shall not readily forget, readi-

497 "They didn't think so at Enghein." did'nt

507 Andrew to be out so late to to

522 I was no sooner in bed was was

524 Were murmuring to the moon! to to

532 heavy frames, hung round the walls roung

549 he is justly punished for his offenses punnished

549 publisher gives £500 gives gives

565 Progress of the World of of

566 be very rich in gold be be

567 published is WORDSWORTH'S posthumous WORDSWORT'S

The following words with questionable spellings have been retained:

auspicies, dacent, dacency, Elizabethean, vleys. Variant spellings of

dillettanti and dilettanti have been retained. Inconsistent hyphenation

is as per the original.

The following errors which can not be corrected were noted:

On page 520, it appears that one or more lines may be missing from the

original here:

"sulphur mixed with it--and they said,

Indeed it was putting a great affront on the"

On page 560, in the paragraph starting "A communication from M.

Trémaux..." the protagonist is later referred to as M. Trévaux.