QUESTIONS.
1. What is the general sense of _abode_, _dwelling_, and _habitation_?
What difference is there in the use of these words? 2. From what
language is _home_ derived? What is its distinctive meaning?
EXAMPLES.
An ---- giddy and unsure
Hath he that buildeth on the vulgar heart.
The attempt to abolish the ideal woman and keep the ideal ---- is a
predestinated failure.
A house without love may be a castle or a palace, but it is not a
----.
Love is the life of a true ----.
* * * * *
HONEST (page 202).
QUESTIONS.
1. What is the meaning of _honest_ in ordinary use? 2. What is the
meaning of _honorable_? 3. How will the merely _honest_ and the truly
_honorable_ man differ in action? 4. What is _honest_ in the highest and
fullest sense? How, in this sense, does it differ from _honorable_?
EXAMPLES.
---- labor bears a lovely face.
An ---- man's the noblest work of God.
No form of pure, undisguised murder will be any longer allowed to
confound itself with the necessities of ---- warfare.
* * * * *
HORIZONTAL (page 202).
QUESTIONS.
1. What does _horizontal_ signify? How does it compare with _level_? 2.
From what language is _flat_ derived? 3. What is its original meaning?
its most common present sense? In what derived sense is it often used?
4. What are the senses of _plain_ and _plane_?
EXAMPLES.
Sun and moon were in the ---- sea sunk.
Ample spaces o'er the smooth and ---- pavement.
The prominent lines in Greek architecture were ----, and not
vertical.
* * * * *
HUNT (page 203).
QUESTIONS.
1. What is a _hunt_? 2. For what is a _chase_ or _pursuit_ conducted? a
_search_? 3. What does _hunt_ ordinarily include? 4. Is it correct to
use _hunt_ when _search_ only is contemplated? 5. How are these words
used in the figurative senses?
EXAMPLES.
Among the inalienable rights of man are life, liberty, and the ----
of happiness.
All things have an end, and so did our ---- for lodgings.
The ---- formed the principal amusement of our Norman kings, who for
that purpose retained in their possession forests in every part of
the kingdom.
The ---- is up, but they shall know
The stag at bay's a dangerous foe.
* * * * *
HYPOCRISY (page 204).
QUESTIONS.
1. From what language is _pretense_ derived, and what does it signify?
2. What is _hypocrisy_? 3. What is _cant_? _sanctimoniousness_? 4. What
is _pietism_? _formalism_? _sham_? 5. How does _affectation_ compare
with _hypocrisy_?
EXAMPLES.
Let not the Trojans, with a feigned ---- of proffered peace, delude
the Latian prince.
---- is a fawning and flexible art, which accommodates itself to
human feelings, and flatters the weakness of men in order that it
may gain its own ends.
* * * * *
HYPOCRITE (page 204).
QUESTIONS.
1. From what language is _hypocrite_ derived? What is its primary
meaning? 2. What common term includes the other words of the group? 3.
How are _hypocrite_ and _dissembler_ contrasted with each other? 4. What
element is common to the _cheat_ and the _impostor_? How do the two
compare with each other?
EXAMPLES.
It is the weakest sort of politicians that are the greatest ----.
I dare swear he is no ---- but prays from his heart.
In the reign of Henry VII., an ----, named Perkin Warbeck, laid
claim to the English crown.
* * * * *
HYPOTHESIS (page 205).
QUESTIONS.
1. What is a _hypothesis_? What is its use in scientific investigation
and study? 2. What is a _guess_? a _conjecture_? a _supposition_? a
_surmise_? 3. What implication does _surmise_ ordinarily convey? What is
a _theory_? a _scheme_? a _speculation_? How do they differ?
EXAMPLES.
----, fancies, built on nothing firm.
There are no other limits to ---- than those of the human mind.
The development ----, tho widely accepted by men of science fails of
proof at many important points.
* * * * *
IDEA (page 206).
QUESTIONS.
1. From what language is _idea_ derived, and what did it originally
mean? 2. What did _idea_ signify in early philosophical use? 3. What is
its present popular use, and with what words is it now synonymous?
EXAMPLES.
All rests with those who read. A work or ----
Is what each makes it to himself.
He who comes up to his own ---- of greatness must always have had a
very low standard of it in his mind.
* * * * *
IDEAL (page 206).
QUESTIONS.
1. What is an _ideal_? 2. What is an _archetype_? a _prototype_? 3. Can
a _prototype_ be equivalent to an _archetype_? 4. Is an _ideal_ primal,
or the result of development? 5. What is an _original_? 6. What is the
_standard_? How does it compare with the _ideal_? 7. How are _idea_ and
_ideal_ contrasted?
EXAMPLES.
Be a ---- to others and then all will go well.
The mind's the ---- of the man.
Every man has at times in his mind the ---- of what he should be,
but is not.
* * * * *
IDIOCY (page 207).
QUESTIONS.
1. What is _idiocy_? 2. What is _imbecility_? How does it compare with
_idiocy_? 3. How does _insanity_ differ from _idiocy_ or _imbecility_?
4. How do _folly_ and _foolishness_ compare with _idiocy_? 5. What is
_fatuity_? _stupidity_?
EXAMPLES.
Where ignorance is bliss, 'tis ---- to be wise.
To expect an effect without a cause, or attainment without
application, is little less than ----.
* * * * *
IDLE (page 208).
QUESTIONS.
1. From what language is _idle_ derived, and what is its original
meaning? 2. What does _idle_ in present use properly denote? Does it
necessarily denote the absence of all action? 3. What does _lazy_
signify? How does it differ from _idle_? 4. What does _inert_ signify?
_sluggish_? 5. In what realm does _slothful_ belong, and what does it
denote? 6. How does _indolent_ compare with _slothful_?
EXAMPLES.
The ---- stream was covered with a green scum.
Never ---- a moment, but thrifty and thoughtful of others.
As the door turneth upon his hinges, so doth the ---- turn upon his
bed.
* * * * *
IGNORANT (page 208).
QUESTIONS.
1. What does _ignorant_ signify? How wide is its range? 2. What is the
meaning of _illiterate_? 3. How does _unlettered_ compare with
_illiterate_?
EXAMPLES.
So foolish was I and ----; I was as a beast before thee.
A boy is better unborn than ----.
* * * * *
IMAGINATION (page 209).
QUESTIONS.
1. Into what two parts was _imagination_ divided in the old psychology?
2. What name is now preferably given to the so-called _Reproductive
Imagination_ by President Porter and others? 3. What is _fantasy_ or
_phantasy_? In what mental actions is it manifested? 4. What is
_fantasy_ in ordinary usage? 5. How is _imagination_ defined? _fancy_?
6. To what faculty of the mind do both of these activities or powers
belong? 7. In what other respects do _imagination_ and _fancy_ agree?
What is the one great distinction between them? How do they respectively
treat the material objects or images with which they deal? Which power
finds use in philosophy, science, and mechanical invention, and how?
EXAMPLES.
While ----, like the finger of a clock,
Runs the great circuit, and is still at home.
And as ---- bodies forth
The forms of things unknown, the poet's pen
Turns them to shapes, and gives to airy nothing
A local habitation and a name.
* * * * *
IMMEDIATELY (page 211).
QUESTIONS.
1. What is the primary meaning of _immediately_? Its meaning as an
adverb of time? 2. What did _by and by_ formerly signify? What is its
present meaning? 3. What did _directly_ formerly signify, and what does
it now commonly mean? 4. What change has _presently_ undergone? 5. Is
_immediately_ losing anything of its force? What words now seem more
emphatic?
EXAMPLES.
Nothing is there to come, and nothing past,
But an eternal ---- does always last.
Let us go up ----, and possess it; for we are well able to overcome
it.
Obey me ----!
* * * * *
IMMERSE (page 212).
QUESTIONS.
1. From what language is _dip_ derived? from what _immerse_? 2. How do
the two words differ in dignity? How as to the completeness of the
action? How as to the continuance of the object in or under the liquid?
3. Which word is preferably used as to the rite of baptism? 4. What does
_submerge_ imply? 5. What are _douse_ and _duck_? 6. What special sense
has _dip_ which the other words do not share?
EXAMPLES.
Trust no Future, howe'er pleasant!
Let the dead Past ---- its dead.
The ships of war, Congress and Cumberland, were ---- by the
Merrimac.
When food can not be swallowed, life may be prolonged by ---- the
body in nutritive fluids.
* * * * *
IMMINENT (page 212).
QUESTIONS.
1. From what language is _imminent_ derived and with what primary sense?
_impending_? 2. How do _imminent_ and _impending_ differ in present use?
3. How does _threatening_ differ from the two words above given?
EXAMPLES.
And nodding Ilium waits the ---- fall.
And these she does apply for warnings, portents,
And evils ----.
* * * * *
IMPEDIMENT (page 213).
QUESTIONS.
1. What does _impediment_ primarily signify? _obstacle_? _obstruction_?
2. How does _obstacle_ differ from _obstruction_? 3. What is a
_hindrance_? 4. Is an _impediment_ what one finds or what he carries? Is
it momentary or constant? What did the Latin _impedimenta_ signify? 5.
What is an _encumbrance_? How does it differ from an _obstacle_ or
_obstruction_? 6. Is a _difficulty_ within one or without?
EXAMPLES.
Something between a ---- and a help.
Thus far into the bowels of the land
Have we march'd without ----.
Demosthenes became the foremost orator of the world in spite of an
---- in his speech.
----s overcome are the stepping-stones by which great men rise.
* * * * *
IMPUDENCE (page 213).
QUESTIONS.
1. What does _impertinence_ primarily denote? What is its common
acceptation? 2. What is _impudence_? _insolence_? 3. What is
_officiousness_? 4. What does _rudeness_ suggest?
EXAMPLES.
With matchless ---- they style a wife
The dear-bought curse, and lawful plague of life.
It is better not to turn friendship into a system of lawful and
unpunishable ----.
A certain class of ill-natured people mistake ---- for frankness.
* * * * *
INCONGRUOUS (page 214).
QUESTIONS.
1. When are things said to be _incongruous_? 2. To what is _discordant_
applied? _inharmonious_? 3. What does _incompatible_ signify? When are
things said to be _incompatible_? 4. To what does _inconsistent_ apply?
5. What illustrations of the uses of these words are given in the text?
6. What is the meaning of _incommensurable_?
EXAMPLES.
No solitude is so solitary as that of ---- companionship.
I hear a strain ---- as a merry dirge, or sacramental bacchanal
might be.
* * * * *
INDUCTION (page 215).
QUESTIONS.
1. What is _deduction_? _induction_? 2. What is the proof of an
_induction_? 3. What process is ordinarily followed in what is known as
scientific _induction_? 4. How do _deduction_ and _induction_ compare as
to the certainty of the conclusion? 5. How does an _induction_ compare
with an _inference_?
EXAMPLES.
The longer one studies a vast subject the more cautious in ---- he
becomes.
Perhaps the widest and best known ---- of Biology, is that organisms
grow.
* * * * *
INDUSTRIOUS (page 215).
QUESTIONS.
1. How does _busy_ differ from _industrious_? 2. What is the implication
if we say one is _industrious_ just now? 3. What does _diligent_ add to
the meaning of _industrious_?
EXAMPLES.
Look cheerfully upon me,
Here, love; thou see'st how ---- I am.
The ---- have no time for tears.
* * * * *
INDUSTRY (page 216).
QUESTIONS.
1. What is _industry_? 2. What does _assiduity_ signify as indicated by
its etymology? _diligence_? 3. How does _application_ compare with
_assiduity_? 4. What is _constancy_? _patience_? _perseverance_? 5. What
is _persistence_? What implication does it frequently convey? 6. How
does _industry_ compare with _diligence_? 7. To what do _labor_ and
_pains_ especially refer?
EXAMPLES.
Honors come by ----; riches spring from economy.
'Tis ---- supports us all.
There is no success in study without close, continuous, and intense
----.
His ---- in wickedness would have won him enduring honor if it had
taken the form of ---- in a better cause.
* * * * *
INFINITE (page 216).
QUESTIONS.
1. From what language is _infinite_ derived, and with what meaning? To
what may it be applied? 2. How do _countless_, _innumerable_, and
_numberless_ compare with _infinite_? 3. What is the use of _boundless_,
_illimitable_, _limitless_, _measureless_, and _unlimited_? 4. What are
the dimensions of _infinite_ space? What is the duration of _infinite_
time?
EXAMPLES.
My bounty is as ---- as the sea, my love as deep, the more I give to
thee, the more I have, for both are ----.
Man's inhumanity to man makes ---- thousands mourn.
* * * * *
INFLUENCE (page 217).
QUESTIONS.
1. What is it to _influence_? is one _influenced_ by external or
internal force? 2. To what kind of power does _actuate_ refer? Does one
person _actuate_ or _influence_ another? 3. What do _prompt_ and _stir_
imply? 4. What is it to _excite_? 5. What do _incite_ and _instigate_
signify? How do these two words differ? 6. What do _urge_ and _impel_
imply? How do they differ in the source of the power exerted? 7. What do
_drive_ and _compel_ imply, and how do these two words compare with each
other?
EXAMPLES.
He was ---- by his own violent passions to desperate crime.
And well she can ----.
Fine thoughts are wealth, for the right use of which
Men are and ought to be accountable,
If not to Thee, to those they ----.
* * * * *
INHERENT (page 218).
QUESTIONS.
1. What does _inherent_ signify? 2. To what realm of thought does
_immanent_ belong? What does it signify? How does it differ from
_inherent_? Which is applied to the Divine Being? 3. To what do
_congenital_, _innate_, and _inborn_ apply as distinguished from
_inherent_ and _intrinsic_? 4. With what special reference does
_congenital_ occur in medical and legal use? 5. What is the difference
in use between _innate_ and _inborn_? 6. What does _inbred_ add to the
sense of _innate_ or _inborn_? 7. What is _ingrained_?
EXAMPLES.
An ---- power in the life of the world.
All men have an ---- right to life, liberty, and protection.
He evinced an ---- stupidity that seemed almost tantamount to ----
idiocy.
Many philosophers hold that God is ---- in nature.
Any stable currency must be founded at last upon something, as gold
or silver, that has ---- value.
The wrongs and abuses which are ---- in the very structure and
constitution of society as it now exists throughout Christendom.
* * * * *
INJURY (page 219).
QUESTIONS.
1. From what language is _injury_ derived? What is its primary meaning?
Its derived meaning? 2. How inclusive a word is _injury_? 3. From what
is _damage_ derived, and with what original sense? _detriment_? How do
these words compare in actual use? 4. How does _damage_ compare with
_loss_? How can a _loss_ be said to be partial? 5. What is _evil_, and
with what frequent suggestion? 6. What is _harm_? _hurt_? How do these
words compare with _injury_? 7. What is _mischief_? How caused, and with
what intent?
EXAMPLES.
Nothing can work me ----, except myself; the ---- that I sustain I
carry about with me, and never am a real sufferer but by my own
fault.
Hippolyta, I woo'd thee with my sword,
And won thy love, doing thee ----.
* * * * *
INJUSTICE (page 220).
QUESTIONS.
1. What is _injustice_? 2. How does _wrong_ differ from _injustice_ in
legal use? How in popular use? 3. What is _iniquity_ in the legal sense?
in the common sense?
EXAMPLES.
War in men's eyes shall be a monster of ----.
No man can mortgage his ---- as a pawn for his fidelity.
Such an act is an ---- upon humanity.
* * * * *
INNOCENT (page 220).
QUESTIONS.
1. What does _innocent_ in the full sense signify? 2. Is _innocent_
positive or negative? How does it compare with _righteous_, _upright_,
or _virtuous_? 3. In what two applications may _immaculate_, _pure_, and
_sinless_ be used? 4. With what limited sense is _innocent_ used of
moral beings? 5. In what sense is _innocent_ applied to inanimate
substances?
EXAMPLES.
They are as ---- as grace itself.
For blessings ever wait on ---- deeds,
And tho a late, a sure reward succeeds.
The wicked flee where no man pursueth, but the ---- are bold as a
lion.
A daughter, and a goodly babe;
... the queen receives
Much comfort in't: says, _My poor prisoner,
I am ---- as you_.
* * * * *
INQUISITIVE (page 221).
QUESTIONS.
1. What are the characteristics of an _inquisitive_ person? 2. Is
_inquisitive_ ever used in a good sense? What, in that sense, is
ordinarily preferred? 3. What does _curious_ signify, and how does it
differ from _inquisitive_?
EXAMPLES.
His was an anxiously ---- mind, a scrupulously conscientious heart.
Adrian was the most ---- man that ever lived, and the most universal
inquirer.
I am ---- to know the cause of this sudden change of purpose.
* * * * *
INSANITY (page 221).
QUESTIONS.
1. What is _insanity_ in the widest sense? in its restricted use? Which
use is the more frequent? 2. From what is _lunacy_ derived? What did it
originally imply? In what sense is it now used? 3. What is _madness_? 4.
What is _derangement_? _delirium_? 5. What is the specific meaning of
_dementia_? 6. What is _aberration_? 7. What is the distinctive meaning
of _hallucination_? 8. What is _monomania_? 9. What are _frenzy_ and
_mania_?
EXAMPLES.
Go--you may call it ----, folly--you shall not chase my gloom away.
All power of fancy over reason is a degree of ----.
* * * * *
INTERPOSE (page 222).
QUESTIONS.
1. What is it to _interpose_? 2. How does _intercede_ differ from
_interpose_? 3. What is it to _intermeddle_? How does it differ from
_meddle_? from _interfere_? 4. What do _arbitrate_ and _mediate_
involve?
EXAMPLES.
Dion, his brother, ---- for him and his life was saved.
Nature has ---- a natural barrier between England and the continent.
* * * * *
INVOLVE (page 223).
QUESTIONS.
1. From what language is _involve_ derived, and with what primary
meaning? 2. How does _involve_ compare with _implicate_? 3. Are these
words used in the favorable or the unfavorable sense? 4. As regards
results what is the difference between _include_, _imply_, and
_involve_?
EXAMPLES.
Rocks may be squeezed into new forms, bent, contorted, and ----.
An oyster-shell sometimes ---- a pearl.
---- in other men's affairs, he went down to their ruin.
* * * * *
JOURNEY (page 223).
QUESTIONS.
1. From what language is _journey_ derived? What is its primary meaning?
Its present meaning? 2. What is _travel_? How does it differ from
_journey_? 3. What was the former meaning of _voyage_? its present
meaning? 4. What is a _trip_? a _tour_? 5. What is the meaning and
common use of _passage_? of _transit_? 6. What is the original meaning
of _pilgrimage_? How is it now used?
EXAMPLES.
---- makes all men countrymen.
All the ---- of their life is bound in shallows and in miseries.
It were a ---- like the path to heaven,
To help you find them.
* * * * *
JUDGE (page 224).
QUESTIONS.
1. What is a _judge_ in the legal sense? 2. What other senses has the
word _judge_ in common use? 3. What is a _referee_, and how appointed?
an _arbitrator_? 4. What is the popular sense of _umpire_? the legal
sense? 5. What is the present use of _arbiter_? 6. What are the _judges_
of the United States Supreme Court officially called?
EXAMPLES.
The end crowns all,
And that old common ----, Time,
Will one day end it.
A man who is no ---- of law may be a good ---- of poetry.
The ---- is only the mouth of law, and the magistrate who punishes
is only the hand.
* * * * *
JUSTICE (page 225).
QUESTIONS.
1. What is _justice_ in governmental relations? in social and personal
relations? in matters of reasoning or literary treatment? 2. To what do
_integrity_, _rectitude_, _right_, _righteousness_, and _virtue_ apply?
What do all these include? 3. What two contrasted senses has
_lawfulness_? 4. To what does _justness_ refer, and in what sense is it
used?
EXAMPLES.
---- exalteth a nation.
---- of life is fame's best friend.
He shall have merely ----, and his bond.
* * * * *
KEEP (page 226).
QUESTIONS.
1. What is the general meaning of _keep_? 2. How does _keep_ compare
with _preserve_? _fulfil_? _maintain_? 3. What does _keep_ imply when
used as a synonym of _guard_ or _defend_?
EXAMPLES.
These make and ---- the balance of the mind.
The good old rule
Sufficeth them,--the simple plan,
That they should take who have the power
And they should ---- who can.
---- thy shop, and thy shop will ---- thee.
* * * * *
KILL (page 226).
QUESTIONS.
1. What is it to _kill_? 2. To what are _assassinate_, _execute_, and
_murder_ restricted? 3. What is the specific meaning of _murder_?
_execute_? _assassinate_? To what class of persons is the latter word
ordinarily applied? 4. What is it to _slay_? 5. To what is _massacre_
limited? With what special meaning is it used? 6. To what do _butcher_
and _slaughter_ primarily apply? What is the sense of each when so used?
7. What is it to _despatch_?
EXAMPLES.
To look into her eyes was to ---- doubt.
Two presidents of the United States have been ----.
Hamilton was ---- in a duel by Aaron Burr.
The place was carried by storm, and the inhabitants ---- without
distinction of age or sex.
* * * * *
KIN (page 227).
QUESTIONS.
1. How does _kind_ compare with _kin_? 2. What do _kin_ and _kindred_
denote? 3. What is _affinity_? How does it differ from _consanguinity_?
EXAMPLES.
A little more than ----, and less than ----.
He held his seat,--a friend to the human ----.
The patient bride, a little sad,
Leaving of home and ----.
* * * * *
KNOWLEDGE (page 227).
QUESTIONS.
1. What is _knowledge_? How does it differ from _information_? 2. What
is _perception_? _apprehension_? _cognizance_? 3. What is _intuition_?
4. What is _experience_, and how does it differ from _intuition_? 5.
What is _learning_? _erudition_?
EXAMPLES.
---- comes, but wisdom lingers.
The child is continually seeking ----; hence his endless questions.
'Tis the sunset of life gives me mystical ----,
And coming events cast their shadows before.
----s lie at the very foundation of all reasoning.
* * * * *
LANGUAGE (page 228).
QUESTIONS.
1. What is the derivation of _language_? What was its original
signification? How wide is its present meaning? 2. As regards the use of
words, what does _language_ denote in the general and in the restricted
sense? 3. What does _speech_ always involve? 4. Can we speak of the
_speech_ of animals? of their _language_? 5. What is a _dialect_? a
_barbarism_? an _idiom_? 6. What is a _patois_? How does it differ from
a _dialect_? 7. What is a _vernacular_?
EXAMPLES.
We must be free or die, who speak the ----
That Shakespeare spake: the faith and morals hold
Which Milton held.
---- is great; but silence is greater.
An infant crying in the night,
An infant crying for the light,
And with no ---- but a cry.
Thought leapt out to wed with Thought,
Ere Thought could wed itself with ----.
A Babylonish ----
Which learned pedants much affect.
O! good, my lord, no Latin;
I'm not such a truant since my coming
As not to know the ---- I have lived in.
* * * * *
LARGE (page 229).
QUESTIONS.
1. To how many dimensions does _large_ apply? How does it differ from
_long_? 2. How does _large_ compare with _great_? with _big_?
EXAMPLES.
Courage, the mighty attribute of powers above,
By which those ---- in war, are ---- in love.
Everything is twice as ---- measured on a three-year-old's
three-foot scale as on a thirty-year-old's six-foot scale.
And his ---- manly voice,
Turning again toward childish treble,
Pipes and whistles in its sound.
* * * * *
LAW (page 229).
QUESTIONS.
1. What is the definition of _law_ in its ideal? What does it signify in
common use? 2. What are the characteristics of _command_ and
_commandment_? of an _edict_? 3. What is a _mandate_? a _statute_? an
_enactment_? 4. In what special connection is _formula_ commonly used?
_ordinance_? _order_? 5. What is the meaning of _law_ in such an
expression as "the _laws_ of nature?" What in more strictly scientific
use? 6. What is a _code_? _jurisprudence_? _legislation_? What is an
_economy_? Is _law_ ever a synonym for these words, and in what way?
EXAMPLES.
Order is Heaven's first ----; and this confest,
Some are, and must be, greater than the rest.
Those he commands move only in ----,
Nothing in love.
His fair large front and eye sublime declared
Absolute ----.
We have strict ----, and most biting ----.
Napoleon gave France the best ---- of ---- she has ever possessed.
---- is physical, established sequence; intellectual, a condition of
intellectual action in order that truth may be reached; and moral,
an imperative which determines the right guidance of our higher
life.
* * * * *
LIBERTY (page 230).
QUESTIONS.
1. What is _freedom_? 2. What is _liberty_ in the primary sense? in the
widest sense? 3. How do _freedom_ and _liberty_ compare? 4. How is
_independence_ used in distinction from _freedom_ and _liberty_? 5. Is
_freedom_ or _liberty_ more freely used in a figurative sense? 6. What
is _license_? How does it compare with _liberty_ and _freedom_?
EXAMPLES.
In Rousseau's philosophy ---- is conceived of as lawlessness.
When ---- from her mountain-height
Unfurled her standard to the air,
She tore the azure robe of night,
And set the stars of glory there.
The ---- to go higher than we are is given only when we have
fulfilled amply the duty of our present sphere.
---- they mean when they cry ----!
For who loves that must first be wise and good.
* * * * *
LIGHT (page 231).
QUESTIONS.
1. What is _light_? 2. What are the characteristics of a _flame_? a
_blaze_? 3. What is a _flare_? a _flash_? 4. What is the sense of
_glare_ and _glow_? How do they differ, and to what are they applied? 5.
To what do _shine_ and _sheen_ refer? 6. What do _glimmer_, _glitter_,
and _shimmer_ denote? 7. What is _gleam_? a _glitter_? a _sparkle_?
_glistening_? 8. What is _scintillation_? in what two senses used? 9. To
what are _twinkle_ and _twinkling_ applied? 10. What is _illumination_?
_incandescence_?
EXAMPLES.
From a little spark may burst a mighty ----.
A ---- as of another life, my kindling soul received.
It is ----, that enables us to see the differences between things;
and it is Christ that gives us ----.
White with the whiteness of the snow,
Pink with faintest rosy ----,
They blossom on their sprays.
Ghastly in the ---- of day.
---- in golden coats like images.
So ---- a good deed in a naughty world.
There's but the ---- of a star
Between a man of peace and war.
* * * * *
LISTEN (page 232).
QUESTIONS.
1. What does _hear_ signify? What does _listen_ add to the meaning of
_hear_? 2. What does _attend_ add to the meaning of _listen_? 3. What
does _heed_ further imply? 4. What is the difference between _listen
for_ and _listen to_?
EXAMPLES.
And ----! how blithe the throstle sings;
He, too, is no mean preacher;
Till I ---- and ----
If a step draweth near.
Chill airs and wintry winds! my ear
Has grown familiar with your song;
I ---- it in the opening year,
I ----, and it cheers me long.
----, every one
That ---- may, unto a tale
That's merrier than the nightingale.
The men lay silent in the tall grass ---- for the signal gun that
should bid them rise and charge.
* * * * *
LITERATURE (page 233).
QUESTIONS.
1. What is _literature_ in the most general sense? in more limited
sense? 2. What does _literature_, used absolutely, denote? 3. How may
_literature_ include _science_? How is it ordinarily contrasted with
_science_?
EXAMPLES.
Wherever ---- consoles sorrow or assuages pain; wherever it brings
gladness to eyes which fail with wakefulness and tears--there is
exhibited in its noblest form the immortal influence of Athens.
---- are lifelong friends.
---- are embalmed minds.
In our own language we have a ---- nowhere surpassed, in whose lock
no foreign key will ever rust.
* * * * *
LOAD (page 233).
QUESTIONS.
1. From what language is _burden_ derived, and with what primary
meaning? _load_? 2. What does _weight_ signify? How does it compare with
_load_ and _burden_? 3. What are _cargo_, _freight_, and _lading_? 4.
What is the distinctive sense of _pack_?
EXAMPLES.
Bear ye one another's ----.
Wearing all that ----
Of learning lightly like a flower.
The ass will carry his ----, but not a double ----.
* * * * *
LOOK (page 234).
QUESTIONS.
1. What is the distinction between _look_ and _see_? between these words
and _behold_? 2. What is it to _gaze_? to _glance_? to _stare_? 3. What
do _scan_, _inspect_, and _survey_ respectively express, and how are
they distinguished from one another? 4. What element or elements does
_watch_ add to the meaning of _look_?
EXAMPLES.
It is always well to ---- at people when addressing them.
Having eyes they ---- not, and having ears hear not.
Then gently ---- your brother man,
Still gentler sister woman;
Tho' they may gang a kennin wrang,
To step aside is human.
My soul waiteth for the Lord more than they that ---- for the
morning.
How peacefully the broad and golden moon
Comes up to ---- upon the reaper's toil!
I am monarch of all I ----,
My right there is none to dispute;
From the center all round to the sea,
I am lord of the fowl and the brute.
But, ----, the morn in russet mantle clad,
Walks o'er the dew of yon high eastern hill.
* * * * *
LOVE (page 235).
QUESTIONS.
1. What is _affection_? 2. What may be given as a brief definition of
_love_? 3. Does _affection_ apply to persons or things? To what does
_love_ apply? 4. What term is preferable to _love_ as applying to
articles of food and the like? 5. How does _love_ differ from
_affection_? from _friendship_?
EXAMPLES.
Peace, commerce, and honest ---- with all nations help to form the
bright constellation which has gone before us.
And you must love him ere to you he will seem worthy of your ----.
Yet pity for a horse o'erdriven
And ---- in which my hound has part
Can hang no weight upon my heart,
In its assumptions up to heaven.
Such ---- and unbroken faith
As temper life's worst bitterness.
* * * * *
MAKE (page 236).
QUESTIONS.
1. What is the essential idea of _make_? 2. How is _make_ allied with
_create_? 3. How is _make_ allied with _compose_ or _constitute_? 4.
What are some chief antonyms for _make_? 5. What are the prepositions
chiefly used with _make_, and how employed?
EXAMPLES.
In the beginning God ---- the heaven and the earth.
The mason ----, the architect ----.
I assert confidently that it is in the power of one American mother
to ---- as many gentlemen as she has sons.
Newton discovered, but did not ---- the law of gravitation.
The river flows over a bed of pebbles like those that ---- the beach
and the surrounding plains.
A hermit and a wolf or two
My whole acquaintance ----.
If we were not willing, they possessed the power of ---- us to do
them justice.
The lessons of adversity sometimes soften and ----, but as often
they indurate and pervert.
* * * * *
MARRIAGE (page 236).
QUESTIONS.
1. What does _matrimony_ specifically denote? 2. What two senses has
_marriage_? 3. From what language is _wedlock_ derived? what is its
distinctive use? 4. What is the meaning of _wedding_? _nuptials_?
EXAMPLES.
Let me not to the ---- of true minds admit impediments.
The lover was killed in a duel on the night before the intended
----.
I'll join my eldest daughter, and my joy,
To him forthwith in holy ---- bonds.
* * * * *
MASCULINE (page 237).
QUESTIONS.
1. To what is _male_ applied? To what _masculine_? 2. To what does
_manly_ refer? _manful_? In what connection can _manly_ be used where
_manful_ could not be substituted? 3. What is the sense of _mannish_?
_virile_?
EXAMPLES.
Every virtue in the higher phases of ---- character begins in truth
and pity or truth and reverence to all womanhood.
One brave and ---- struggle
And he gained the solid land
And the cover of the mountains
And the carbines of his band.
So God created man in his own image, in the image of God created he
him; ---- and female created he them.
* * * * *
MASSACRE (page 237).
QUESTIONS.
1. What is _massacre_? _butchery_? _havoc_? 2. To what does _carnage_
especially refer? _slaughter_? 3. Which of these words can be used of
the destruction of life in open and honorable warfare?
EXAMPLES.
Mark! where his ---- and his conquests cease!
He makes a solitude and calls it peace!
Forbade to wade through ---- to a throne,
And shut the gates of mercy on mankind.
The capture of Port Arthur was followed by a terrible ----.
* * * * *
MEDDLESOME (page 238).
QUESTIONS.
1. What is the conduct specially characteristic of a _meddlesome_
person? of an _intrusive_ person? of one who is _obtrusive_?
_officious_? 2. To what is _obtrusive_ chiefly applied? _intrusive_?
_officious_? _meddlesome_?
EXAMPLES.
Where sorrow's held ---- and turned out,
There wisdom will not enter nor true power,
Nor aught that dignifies humanity.
A ---- monkey had been among the papers.
* * * * *
MELODY (page 238).
QUESTIONS.
1. What is _harmony_? _melody_? In what special feature does the one
differ from the other? 2. How many parts are required for _harmony_? how
many for _melody_? 3. What is _unison_? 4. What does _music_ include?
EXAMPLES.
Sweetest ----
Are those that are by distance made more sweet.
----, when soft voices die,
Vibrates in the memory.
Ring out ye crystal spheres
And with your ninefold ----
Make up full consort to the angelic ----.
* * * * *
MEMORY (page 239).
QUESTIONS.
1. What is _memory_ in the special and in the general sense? 2. What is
_remembrance_, and how distinguished from _memory_? 3. Is _remembrance_
voluntary or involuntary? 4. What is _recollection_, and what does it
involve? 5. What is _reminiscence_? _retrospection_? How do these two
words differ?
EXAMPLES.
---- like a purse, if it be over-full that it can not shut, all will
drop out of it; take heed of a gluttonous curiosity to feed on many
things, lest the greediness of the appetite of thy ---- spoil the
digestion thereof.
---- wakes with all her busy train,
Swells at my breast, and turns the past to pain.
It is a favorite device of eminent men to devote their old age to
writing their ----s, thus quietly living over again a busy or
tumultuous life.
* * * * *
MERCY (page 239).
QUESTIONS.
1. What is _mercy_ in the strictest sense? 2. To what class is _grace_
shown? 3. To what class are _mercy_, _forgiveness_, and _pardon_
extended? 4. In what wider significations is _mercy_ used? 5. What is
_clemency_? _leniency_ or _lenity_? How do these words compare with
_mercy_?
EXAMPLES.
How would you be,
If He, which is the top of judgment, should
But judge you as you are? O, think on that;
And ---- then will breathe within your lips,
Like man new made.
The only protection which the conquered could find was in the
moderation, the ----, and the enlarged policy of the conquerors.
To favor sin is to discourage virtue; undue ---- to the bad is
unkindness to the good.
* * * * *
METER (page 240).
QUESTIONS.
1. What is _euphony_? How does it differ from _meter_, _measure_, and
_rhythm_? 2. How are _rhythm_ and _meter_ produced? 3. How does _meter_
differ from _rhythm_? 4. What is a _verse_ in the strict sense? In what
wider sense is the word often used?
EXAMPLES.
---- is a very vague and unscientific term. Each nation considers
its own language, each tribe its own dialect, euphonic.
---- may be defined to be a succession of poetical feet arranged in
regular order according to certain types recognized as standards, in
verses of a determinate length.
We have three principal domains in which ---- manifests its nature
and power--dancing, music, poetry.
* * * * *
MIND (page 241).
QUESTIONS.
1. What is _mind_? How does it differ from _intellect_? 2. What does
_consciousness_ include? Is it attended with distinct thinking and
willing? 3. What is the _soul_? 4. From what is _spirit_ used in special
contradistinction? How does it differ from _soul_? 5. What is Paley's
definition of _instinct_? 6. In what contrasted meanings is the word
_sense_ employed? 7. What is _thought_?
EXAMPLES.
A great ---- will be strong to live, as well as to think.
God is a ----: and they that worship him must worship him in ----
and in truth.
* * * * *
MINUTE (page 242).
QUESTIONS.
1. What is the meaning of _minute_? 2. When is a thing said to be
_comminuted_? 3. How does _fine_ differ from _comminuted_? 4. What terms
are applied to an account extended to _minute_ particulars? to an
examination similarly extended?
EXAMPLES.
No ---- room so warm and bright,
Wherein to read, wherein to write.
Life hangs on, held by a ---- thread.
An organism so ---- as to be visible only under the microscope, yet
possessed of life, motion, and seeming intelligence is a source of
ceaseless wonder.
* * * * *
MISFORTUNE (page 242).
QUESTIONS.
1. What is _misfortune_? Is the sufferer considered blameworthy for it?
2. What is _calamity_? _disaster_? 3. In what special sense are the
words _affliction_, _chastening_, _trial_, and _tribulation_ used? How
are these four words discriminated the one from another?
EXAMPLES.
He's not valiant that dares die,
But he that boldly bears ----.
I never knew a man in life who could not bear another's ----
perfectly like a Christian.
* * * * *
MODEL (page 243).
QUESTIONS.
1. What is a _model_? a _pattern_? How are they distinguished from one
another? 2. Which admits of freedom or idealization?
EXAMPLES.
Things done without ----, in their issue
Are to be fear'd.
Be a ---- to others, and then all will go well.
Washington and his compeers had no ---- of a federal republic with
constitutional bonds and limitations.
Moses was admonished, See that thou make all things according to the
---- shewed to thee in the mount.
* * * * *
MODESTY (page 244).
QUESTIONS.
1. What is _modesty_ in the general sense? In what specific sense is the
word also used? 2. What is _bashfulness_? _diffidence_? _coyness_?
_reserve_?
EXAMPLES.
For silence and chaste ---- is woman's genuine praise, and to remain
quiet within the house.
If a young lady has that discretion and ----, without which all
knowledge is little worth, she will never make an ostentatious
parade of it.
His shrinking ---- was often mistaken for a proud ----.
* * * * *
MONEY (page 244).
QUESTIONS.
1. What is _money_? _specie_? _cash_? 2. How does _property_ differ from
_money_? 3. What is _bullion_? _capital_?
EXAMPLES.
I am not covetous for ----;
Nor care I who doth feed upon my cost.
For the love of ---- is the root of all evil.
He converted all his ---- into ready ----.
One who undertakes to do business without ---- is likely to be
speedily straitened for ----.
---- in reversion may be of far less value than ---- in hand.
* * * * *
MOROSE (page 245).
QUESTIONS.
1. By what characteristics are the _morose_ distinguished? the _sullen_
and _sulky_? 2. How does _sullen_ differ from _sulky_? 3. What is the
meaning of _surly_? 4. Which of these words denote transient moods and
which denote enduring states or disposition?
EXAMPLES.
My master is of ---- disposition,
And little recks to find the way to heaven
By doing deeds of hospitality.
A poet who fails in writing, becomes often a ---- critic.
He answered with a ---- growl.
Achilles remained in his tent in ---- inaction.
* * * * *
MOTION (page 246).
QUESTIONS.
1. What is _motion_? 2. How does _motion_ differ from _movement_? Give
examples. 3. In what sense is _move_ employed? 4. What is the special
sense of _motion_ in a deliberative assembly? 5. Is _action_ or _motion_
the more comprehensive word? Which is commonly used in reference to the
mind?
EXAMPLES.
That ---- is best which procures the greatest happiness for the
greatest numbers.
There is no death! What seems so is ----;
This life of mortal breath
Is but a suburb of the life elysian,
Whose portal we call Death.
The Copernican theory first clearly explained the ---- of the
planets.
* * * * *
MUTUAL (page 246).
QUESTIONS.
1. What is the meaning of _common_? _mutual_? _reciprocal_? 2. Is it
correct to speak of a _mutual_ friend?
EXAMPLES.
---- friendships will admit of division, one may love the beauty of
this, the good humor of that person.
In all true family life there is a ---- dependence which binds
hearts together.
---- action is the rule in the human body, where every part is
alternately means and end, and every action both cause and effect.
* * * * *
NAME (page 247).
QUESTIONS.
1. What is a _name_ in the most general sense? 2. In the more limited
sense, how does a _name_ differ from an _appellation_? a _title_? Give
instances of the use of these three words. 3. From what language is
_epithet_ derived? What is its primary meaning? 4. What does _epithet_
signify in literary use? 5. What part of speech is an _epithet_? Is it
favorable or unfavorable in signification? 6. What is a _cognomen_? How
does it differ from a _surname_? 7. What is _style_ considered as a
synonym of _name_?
EXAMPLES.
Those he commands, move only in command
Nothing in love: now does he feel the ----
Hang loose about him, like a giant's robe
Upon a dwarfish thief.
O magnify the Lord with me, and let us exalt his ---- together.
* * * * *
NATIVE (page 248).
QUESTIONS.
1. What does _native_ denote? _natal_? _natural_? 2. What examples are
given in the text of the correct use of these words?
EXAMPLES.
I would advise no child's being taught music who has not a ----
aptitude for it.
It was the 4th of July, the ---- day of American freedom.
* * * * *
NAUTICAL (page 248).
QUESTIONS.
1. From what is _marine_ derived? _maritime_? What do these two words
respectively signify? 2. From what is _naval_ derived? _nautical_? How
do these words differ in meaning? 3. How does _ocean_, used adjectively,
differ from _oceanic_?
EXAMPLES.
That sea-beast,
Leviathan, which God of all his works
Created hugest that swim the ---- stream.
* * * * *
NEAT (page 249).
QUESTIONS.
1. What does _clean_ signify? 2. Does _orderly_ apply to persons or
things, and in what sense? 3. What does _tidy_ denote? 4. What is the
meaning of _neat_? 5. How does _nice_ compare with _neat_? 6. What is
the significance of _spruce_? _trim_? _dapper_?
EXAMPLES.
If he (Jefferson) condescended to turn ---- sentences for delicate
ears--still, he was essentially an earnest man.
Still to be ----, still to be drest,
As you were going to a feast,
Still to be powder'd, still perfum'd.
* * * * *
NECESSARY (page 250).
QUESTIONS.
1. When is a thing properly said to be _necessary_? 2. What is the
meaning of _essential_? How does it differ from _indispensable_? 3. With
reference to what is a thing said to be _requisite_? How does
_requisite_ compare with _essential_ and _indispensable_? 4. How do
_inevitable_ and _unavoidable_ compare? To what kind of things are both
these words applied? 5. How do _needed_ and _needful_ compare with
_necessary_?
EXAMPLES.
As you grow ready for it, somewhere or other you will find what is
---- for you in a book.
The ideas of space and time are called in philosophy ---- ideas.
* * * * *
NECESSITY (page 250).
QUESTIONS.
1. What is _necessity_? 2. What do _need_ and _want_ imply? How does
_need_ compare with _want_? 3. How does _necessity_ compare with _need_?
4. What is an _essential_?
EXAMPLES.
Courage is, on all hands, considered as an ---- of high character.
No living man can send me to the shades
Before my time; no man of woman born,
Coward or brave, can shun his ----.
* * * * *
NEGLECT, _n._ (page 251).
QUESTIONS.
1. What is _neglect_? _negligence_? How do the two words compare? 2.
What senses has _negligence_ that _neglect_ has not? 3. Which of the two
words may be used in a passive sense? 4. What is the legal phrase for a
punishable _omission_ of duty?
EXAMPLES.
Ah, why
Should we, in the world's riper years, ----
God's ancient sanctuaries, and adore
Only among the crowd.
But, alas, to make
A fixed figure, for the hand of ----
To point his slow unmoving finger at.
* * * * *
NEW (page 252).
QUESTIONS.
1. What is the meaning of _new_? of _modern_? of _recent_? 2. How does
_recent_ compare with _new_? 3. What is the meaning of _novel_? of
_fresh_? 4. To what do _young_ and _youthful_ distinctively apply?
* * * * *
NIMBLE (page 253).
QUESTIONS.
1. To what does _nimble_ properly refer? 2. To what does _swift_ apply?
3. How does _alert_ compare with _nimble_? For what is _alert_ more
properly a synonym?
EXAMPLES.
Win her with gifts, if she respect not words;
Dumb jewels often, in their silent kind,
More ---- than words, do move a woman's mind.
Profound thinkers are often helpless in society, while shallow men
have ---- and ready minds.
* * * * *
NORMAL (page 253).
QUESTIONS.
1. What does _natural_ signify? _normal_? Give instances of the
distinctive use of the two words. 2. What does _typical_ signify?
_regular_? _common_?
EXAMPLES.
He does it with a better grace, but I do it more ----.
The ---- round of work may grow monotonous, but it is evidently
necessary.
* * * * *
NOTWITHSTANDING (page 254).
QUESTIONS.
1. What is the signification of _however_ as a conjunction? of
_nevertheless_? 2. Which is the most emphatic word of the group and what
does it signify? 3. How do _yet_ and _still_ compare with
_notwithstanding_? with _but_? 4. What is the force of _tho_ and
_altho_? 5. How does _notwithstanding_ as a preposition differ from
_despite_ or _in spite of_?
EXAMPLES.
---- do thy worst, old Time; despite thy wrong,
My love shall in my verse ever live young.
---- till all graces be in one woman, one woman shall not come in my
grace.
There was an immense crowd ---- the inclement weather.
* * * * *
OATH (page 254).
QUESTIONS.
1. What is an _oath_? an _affidavit_? How does the _affidavit_ differ
from the _oath_? 2. What is an _adjuration_? 3. What is a _vow_? How
does it differ from an _oath_? 4. Of what words is _oath_ a popular
synonym? 5. In what do _anathema_, _curse_, _execration_, and
_imprecation_ agree? 6. What is an _anathema_? 7. Is a _curse_ just or
unjust? 8. What does _execration_ express? _imprecation_?
EXAMPLES.
Better is it that thou shouldest not ----, than that thou shouldest
---- and not pay.
Then how can any man be said
To break an ---- he never made?
* * * * *
OBSCURE (page 255).
QUESTIONS.
1. What is _obscure_? 2. How does _obscure_ compare with _complicated_?
with _complex_? with _abstruse_? with _profound_?
* * * * *
OBSOLETE (page 256).
QUESTIONS.
1. When is a word _obsolete_? When is a word _archaic_? 2. Is an _old_
or _ancient_ word necessarily _obsolete_? 3. What is meant by saying
that a word is _rare_? 4. Is a _rare_ word necessarily _obsolete_ or an
_obsolete_ word necessarily _rare_?
EXAMPLES.
When the labors of modern philologists began, Sanscrit was the most
---- of all the Aryan languages known to them.
Atlas, we read in ---- song,
Was so exceeding tall and strong,
He bore the skies upon his back,
Just as the pedler does his pack.
It is wonderful that so few ---- words are found in Shakespeare
after the lapse of three centuries.
* * * * *
OBSTINATE (page 256).
QUESTIONS.
1. How does _headstrong_ differ from _obstinate_ and _stubborn_? 2. How
do _obstinate_ and _stubborn_ differ from each other? Which is commonly
applied to the inferior animals and to inanimate things? 3. What is the
meaning of _refractory_? How does it differ from _stubborn_? Which word
is applied to metals, and in what sense? 4. What is the meaning of
_obdurate_? _contumacious_? _pertinacious_? 5. What words do we apply to
the _unyielding_ character or conduct that we approve?
EXAMPLES.
Is it in heav'n a crime to love too well?
To bear too tender, or too ---- a heart,
To act a Lover's or a Roman's part?
"I shall talk of what I like," she said wilfully, clasping her hands
round her knees with the gesture of an ---- child.
* * * * *
OBSTRUCT (page 257).
QUESTIONS.
1. What is the literal meaning of _obstruct_? How does it compare with
_hinder_? 2. How does _obstruct_ compare with _impede_? 3. What does
_arrest_ signify in the sense here considered?
EXAMPLES.
There is a certain wisdom of humanity which is common to the
greatest men with the lowest, and which our ordinary education often
labors to silence and ----.
No, no ----ing the vast wheel of time,
That round and round still turns with onward might.
* * * * *
OLD (page 257).
QUESTIONS.
1. What does _old_ signify? 2. How do _old_ and _ancient_ compare? 3.
What contrasted senses has _old_? 4. What is the special force of
_olden_? 5. In what sense are _gray_, _hoary_, and _olden_ used of
material objects? 6. To what is _aged_ chiefly applied? 7. To what do
_decrepit_, _gray_, and _hoary_ apply, as said of human beings? 8. To
what does _senile_ apply? 9. In what sense is _elderly_ used? 10. What
are the primary and derived meanings of _remote_? 11. What does
_venerable_ express?
EXAMPLES.
The hills,
Rock-ribbed and ---- as the sun,--the vales
Stretching in pensive quietness between;
The ---- woods, ...
... and, poured round all,
---- ocean's gray and melancholy waste,--
Are but the solemn decorations all
Of the great tomb of man.
Through the sequestered vale of rural life,
The ---- patriarch guileless held
The tenor of his way.
O good ---- head which all men knew!
Shall we, shall ---- men, like ---- trees,
Strike deeper their vile root, and closer cling,
Still more enamored of their wretched soil?
* * * * *
OPERATION (page 258).
QUESTIONS.
1. What does _operation_ denote? and by what kind of agent is it
effected? 2. What do _performance_ and _execution_ denote? and by what
kind of agents are they effected? 3. How does _performance_ differ from
_execution_?
EXAMPLES.
It requires a surgical ---- to get a joke well into a Scotch
understanding.
His promises were, as he then was, mighty;
But his ----, as he is now, nothing.
* * * * *
ORDER (page 258).
QUESTIONS.
1. What does _instruction_ imply? _direction_? 2. How does _order_
compare with _direction_? 3. To what classes of persons are _orders_
especially given? How does an _order_ in the commercial sense become
authoritative? 4. How does _command_ compare with _order_? 5. In what
sense is _requirement_ used? By what authority is a _requirement_ made?
6. In what sense is _prohibition_ used? _injunction_?
EXAMPLES.
General Sherman writes in his Memoirs, "I have never in my life
questioned or disobeyed an ----."
"Ye shall become like God"--transcendent fate!
That God's ---- forgot, she plucked and ate.
* * * * *
OSTENTATION (page 259).
QUESTIONS.
1. What is _ostentation_? How does it compare with _boasting_?
_display_? _show_? 2. What is _pomp_? _pageant_ or _pageantry_? What do
the two latter words suggest, and how do they compare with _pomp_? 3.
From what is _parade_ derived? What is its primary meaning? With what
implication is it always used in the metaphorical sense? How does
_parade_ compare with _ostentation_?
EXAMPLES.
The boast of heraldry, the ---- of power,
And all that beauty, all that wealth e'er gave.
Await alike the inevitable hour;
The paths of glory lead but to the grave.
The President's salary does not permit ----, nor, indeed, is ----
expected of him.
With all his wealth, talent, and learning, he was singularly free
from ----.
* * * * *
OVERSIGHT (page 260).
QUESTIONS.
1. In what two contrasted senses is _oversight_ used? 2. How does
_superintendence_ compare with _oversight_? 3. With what special
reference is _control_ used? 4. What kind of a term is _surveillance_,
and what does it imply?
EXAMPLES.
Those able to conduct great enterprises must be allowed wages of
----.
O Friendship, equal poised ----!
Feed the flock of God which is among you, taking the ---- thereof
not by constraint, but willingly.
* * * * *
OUGHT (page 260).
QUESTIONS.
1. What does _ought_ properly signify? 2. How does _ought_ compare with
_should_? 3. In what secondary sense is _ought_ sometimes used?
EXAMPLES.
He has not a right to do what he likes, but only what he ---- with
his own, which after all is his own only in a qualified sense.
Age ---- have reverence, and ---- be worthy to have it.
* * * * *
PAIN (page 261).
QUESTIONS.
1. What is _pain_? _suffering_? 2. How does _distress_ rank as compared
with _pain_ and _suffering_? 3. What is an _ache_? a _throe_? a
_paroxysm_? 4. What is _agony_? _anguish_?
EXAMPLES.
To each his ----s; all are men,
Condemned alike to groan;
The tender for another's ----,
The unfeeling for his own.
The weariest and most loathed worldly life
That age, ----, penury, and imprisonment
Can lay on nature.
* * * * *
PALLIATE (page 261).
QUESTIONS.
1. How do _cloak_ and _palliate_ agree in original meaning? How do they
differ in the derived senses? 2. What is it to _extenuate_, and how does
that word compare with _palliate_?
EXAMPLES.
Speak of me as I am; nothing ----
Nor aught set down in malice.
We would not dissemble nor ---- [our transgressions] before the face
of Almighty God, our heavenly Father.
I shall never attempt to ---- my own foibles by exposing the error
of another.
* * * * *
PARDON, _v._ (page 262).
QUESTIONS.
1. What is it to _pardon_? 2. To what does _forgive_ refer? 3. How do
_pardon_ and _forgive_ differ in use in accordance with the difference
in meaning? 4. What is it to _remit_? to _condone_? to _excuse_?
EXAMPLES.
How many will say ----,
And find a kind of license in the sound
To hate a little longer!
I ---- him, as heaven shall ---- me.
To err is human, to ----, divine.
* * * * *
PARDON, _n._ (page 262).
QUESTIONS.
1. What is _acquittal_? How does it differ from _pardon_ as regards the
person acquitted or pardoned? 2. Is an innocent person ever pardoned? 3.
What is _oblivion_? _amnesty_? _absolution_?
EXAMPLES.
For 'tis sweet to stammer one letter
Of the Eternal's language;--on earth it is called ----.
----, not wrath, is God's best attribute.
---- to the injured does belong,
But they ne'er ---- who have done the wrong.
* * * * *
PART, _n._ (page 264).
QUESTIONS.
1. What is a _part_? 2. What is a _fragment_? a _piece_? 3. What do
_division_ and _fraction_ signify? 4. What is a _portion_? 5. What is a
_share_? an _instalment_? a _particle_? 6. What do _component_,
_constituent_, _ingredient_, and _element_ signify? How do they differ
from one another? 7. What is a _subdivision_?
EXAMPLES.
The best ---- of a good man's life,
His little, nameless, unremembered acts
Of kindness and of love.
Spirits that live throughout,
Vital in every ---- ...
Can not but by annihilating die.
Many cheap houses were built to be sold by ----s.
* * * * *
PARTICLE (page 264).
QUESTIONS.
1. What is a _particle_? 2. What does _atom_ etymologically signify?
What is its meaning in present scientific use? 3. What is a _molecule_,
and of what is it regarded as composed? 4. What is an _element_ in
chemistry?
EXAMPLES.
Lucretius held that the universe originated from a fortuitous
concourse of ----s.
But thou shalt flourish in immortal youth,
Unhurt amidst the war of ----s,
The wreck of matter and the crush of worlds.
Many aquatic animals, whose food consists of small ---- diffused
through the water, have an apparatus for creating currents so as to
bring such ---- within their reach.
* * * * *
PATIENCE (page 265).
QUESTIONS.
1. What is _patience_? 2. What is _endurance_? 3. How does _patience_
compare with _submission_ and _endurance_? 4. To what are _submission_
and _resignation_ ordinarily applied? 5. What is _forbearance_? How
does it compare with _patience_?
EXAMPLES.
With ---- bear the lot to thee assigned,
Nor think it chance, nor murmur at the load,
For know what man calls Fortune is from God.
There is, however, a limit at which ---- ceases to be a virtue.
* * * * *
PAY (page 266).
QUESTIONS.
1. What is _pay_? _compensation_? _remuneration_? _recompense_? 2. What
is an _allowance_? 3. What are _wages_? _earnings_? 4. What is _hire_?
what does it imply? 5. For what is _salary_ paid? How does it differ
from _wages_? 6. What is a _fee_, and for what given?
EXAMPLES.
I am not aware that ----, or even favors, however gracious, bind any
man's soul.
Our praises are our ----.
Carey, in early life, was a country minister with a small ----.
Laborers are remunerated by ----, and officials by ----.
* * * * *
PEOPLE (page 266).
QUESTIONS.
1. What is a _community_? a _commonwealth_? 2. What is a _people_? a
_race_? 3. What is a _state_? a _nation_? 4. What does _population_
signify? _tribe_?
EXAMPLES.
A ---- may let a king fall, and still remain a ----, but if a king
let his ---- slip from him, he is no longer a king.
Questions of ---- have played a great part in the politics and wars
of the latter half of the nineteenth century, the Germanic ----, the
Slavonic ----, the Italian, and the Greek ----s struggling to assert
their unity.
* * * * *
PERCEIVE (page 267).
QUESTIONS.
1. What class of things do we _perceive_? 2. How does _apprehend_ differ
in scope from _perceive_? 3. What does _conceive_ signify? 4. How does
_comprehend_ compare with _apprehend_? with _conceive_?
EXAMPLES.
We may ---- the tokens of the divine agency without being able to
---- or ---- the divine Being.
... Admitted once to his embrace,
Thou shalt ---- that thou wast blind before.
O horror! horror! horror! Tongue nor heart
Can not ---- nor name thee!
* * * * *
PERFECT (page 268).
QUESTIONS.
1. What is _perfect_ in the fullest and highest sense? 2. What is
_absolute_ in the fullest sense? 3. What is _perfect_ in the limited
sense, and in popular language?
EXAMPLES.
We have the idea of a Being infinitely ----, and from this Descartes
reasoned that such a being really exists.
'Shall remain'!
Hear you this Triton of the minnows? mark you
His ---- 'shall'?
* * * * *
PERMANENT (page 269).
QUESTIONS.
1. From what is _durable_ derived? to what class of substances is it
applied? 2. What is _permanent_, and in what connections used? 3. How
does _enduring_ compare with _durable_? with _permanent_?
EXAMPLES.
My heart is wax, molded as she pleases, but ---- as marble to
retain.
A violet in the youth of primy nature,
Forward, not ----, sweet, not ----,
The perfume and suppliance of a minute.
For her merchandise shall be for them that dwell before the Lord, to
eat sufficiently, and for ---- clothing.
* * * * *
PERMISSION (page 269).
QUESTIONS.
1. What is _authority_? 2. What is _permission_? 3. How does
_permission_ compare with _allowance_? 4. What is a _permit_? 5. What is
_license_? How does it compare with _authority_? with _permission_? 6.
What does _consent_ involve?
EXAMPLES.
God is more there than thou; for thou art there
Only by his ----.
Thieves for their robbery have ----,
When judges steal themselves.
Very few of the Egyptians avail themselves of the ---- which their
religion allows them, of having four wives.
* * * * *
PERNICIOUS (page 270).
QUESTIONS.
1. From what is _pernicious_ derived, and what does it signify? 2. How
does _pernicious_ compare with _injurious_? 3. What does _noisome_
denote? 4. What is the distinctive sense of _noxious_? 5. How does
_noxious_ compare with _noisome_?
EXAMPLES.
Inflaming wine, ---- to mankind.
So bees with smoke, and doves with ---- stench,
Are from their hives, and houses, driven away.
The strong smell of sulfur, and a choking sensation of the lungs
indicated the presence of ---- gases.
* * * * *
PERPLEXITY (page 270).
QUESTIONS.
1. What is _perplexity_? _confusion_? How do the two words compare? 2.
How do _bewilderment_ and _confusion_ compare? 3. From what does
_amazement_ result?
EXAMPLES.
CAIUS.--Vere is mine host _de Jarterre_?
HOST.--Here, master doctor, in ---- and doubtful dilemma.
There is such ---- in my powers
As, after some oration fairly spoke
By a beloved prince, there doth appear
Among the buzzing, pleased multitude.
* * * * *
PERSUADE (page 271).
QUESTIONS.
1. What does _convince_ denote? How does it differ from the other words
of the group? 2. What is it to _persuade_? 3. How is _convincing_
related to _persuasion_? 4. How does _coax_ compare with _persuade_?
EXAMPLES.
A long train of these practises has at length unwillingly ---- me
that there is something hid behind the throne greater than the king
himself.
He had a head to contrive, a tongue to ----, and a hand to execute
any mischief.
* * * * *
PERVERSE (page 272).
QUESTIONS.
1. What is the etymological meaning of _perverse_? What does it signify
in common use? 2. What does _petulant_ signify? _wayward_?
EXAMPLES.
And you, my lords--methinks you do not well,
To bear with their ---- objections.
Whining, purblind, ---- boy!
Good Lord! what madness rules in brainsick men
When, for so slight and frivolous a cause,
Such ---- emulations shall arise.
* * * * *
PHYSICAL (page 272).
QUESTIONS.
1. What does _material_ signify? 2. What idea does _physical_ add to
that contained in _material_? 3. To what do _bodily_, _corporal_, and
_corporeal_ apply? 4. How do _bodily_ and _corporal_ differ from
_corporeal_? 5. To what is _corporal_ now for the most part limited?
EXAMPLES.
---- punishment is practically abandoned in the greater number of
American schools.
Man has two parts, the one ---- and earthly, the other immaterial
and spiritual.
These races are all clearly differentiated by other ---- traits than
the color of the skin.
We can not think of substance save in terms that imply ----
properties.
* * * * *
PITIFUL (page 273).
QUESTIONS.
1. What was the original meaning of _pitiful_? What does it now signify?
2. How does _pitiful_ differ in use from _pitiable_? 3. What was the
early and what is the present sense of _piteous_?
EXAMPLES.
There is something pleading and ---- in the simplicity of perfect
ignorance.
The most ---- sight one ever sees is a young man doing nothing; the
Furies early drag him to his doom.
O, the most ---- cry of the poor souls!
* * * * *
PITY (page 273).
QUESTIONS.
1. What is _pity_? _sympathy_? 2. How does _sympathy_ in its exercise
differ from _pity_? 3. How does _pity_ differ from _mercy_? 4. How does
_compassion_ compare with _mercy_ and _pity_? 5. How does
_commiseration_ differ from _compassion_?
EXAMPLES.
Nothing but the Infinite ---- is sufficient for the infinite pathos
of human life.
He hallows every heart he once has swayed,
And when his presence we no longer share,
Still leaves ---- as a relic there.
* * * * *
PLEAD (page 274).
QUESTIONS.
1. What is it to _plead_ in the ordinary sense? in the legal sense? 2.
How do _argue_ and _advocate_ differ? 3. What do _beseech_, _entreat_,
and _implore_ imply? 4. How does _solicit_ compare with the above words?
EXAMPLES.
Speak to me low, my Savior, low and sweet,
. . .
Lest I should fear and fall, and miss thee so,
Who art not missed by any that ----.
Speaking of the honor paid to good men, is it not time to ---- for a
reform in the writing of biographies?
* * * * *
PLEASANT (page 275).
QUESTIONS.
1. What does _pleasant_ add to the sense of _pleasing_? 2. How does
_pleasant_ compare with _kind_? 3. What does _good-natured_ signify? How
does it compare with _pleasant_?
EXAMPLES.
Like one that wraps the drapery of his couch
About him, and lies down to ---- dreams.
When fiction rises ---- to the eye,
Men will believe because they love the lie.
... If we must part forever,
Give me but one ---- word to think upon.
* * * * *
PLENTIFUL (page 276).
QUESTIONS.
1. What kind of a term is _enough_, and what does it mean? 2. How does
_sufficient_ compare with _enough_? 3. What is _ample_? 4. To what do
_abundant_, _ample_, _liberal_, and _plentiful_ apply? 5. How is
_copious_ used? _affluent_? _plentiful_? 6. What does _complete_
express? 7. In what sense are _lavish_ and _profuse_ employed? 8. To
what is _luxuriant_ applied?
EXAMPLES.
My ---- joys,
Wanton in fulness, seek to hide themselves
In drops of sorrow.
Can anybody remember when the right sort of men and the right sort
of women were ----?
Share the advice betwixt you; if both gain all,
The gift doth stretch itself as 'tis received,
And is ---- for both.
He hasted, and opposed the rocky orb
Of tenfold adamant, his ---- shield.
* * * * *
POETRY (page 277).
QUESTIONS.
1. What is _poetry_? 2. Does _poetry_ involve _rime_? Does it require
_meter_? 3. What is imperatively required beyond _verse_, _rime_, or
_meter_ to constitute _poetry_?
EXAMPLES.
---- is rhythmical, imaginative language, expressing the invention,
taste, thought, passion, and insight of a human soul.
He knew
Himself to sing, and build the lofty ----.
And ever against eating cares,
Lap me in soft Lydian airs,
Married to immortal ----.
* * * * *
POLITE (page 277).
QUESTIONS.
1. What are the characteristics of a _civil_ person? What more is found
in one who is _polite_? 2. How does _courteous_ compare with _civil_? 3.
What does _courtly_ signify? _genteel_? _urbane_? 4. In what sense is
_polished_ used? _complaisant_?
EXAMPLES.
She is not ---- for the sake of seeming ----, but ---- for the sake
of being kind.
He was so generally ---- that nobody thanked him for it.
Her air, her manners, all who saw admired; ---- tho coy, and gentle
tho retired.
* * * * *
POVERTY (page 279).
QUESTIONS.
1. What does _poverty_ strictly denote? What does it signify in ordinary
use? 2. What does _privation_ signify? How does it compare with
_distress_? 3. What is _indigence_? _destitution_? _penury_? 4. What
does _pauperism_ properly signify? How does it differ from _beggary_ and
_mendicancy_?
* * * * *
POWER (page 279).
QUESTIONS.
1. What is _power_? 2. Is _power_ limited to intelligent agents, or how
widely applied? 3. How does _ability_ compare with _power_? 4. What is
_capacity_, and how related to _power_ and to _ability_? 5. What is
_competency_? _faculty_? _talent_? 6. What are _dexterity_ and _skill_?
How are they related to _talent_? 7. What is _efficacy_? _efficiency_?
EXAMPLES.
Bismarck was the one great figure of all Europe, with more ---- for
good or evil than any other human being possessed at that time.
The soul, in its highest sense, is a vast ---- for God.
I reckon it is an oversight in a great body of metaphysicians that
they have been afraid to ascribe our apprehensions of ---- to
intuition. In consequence of this neglect, some never get the idea
of ----, but merely of succession, within the bare limits of
experience.
* * * * *
PRAISE (page 280).
QUESTIONS.
1. What is _praise_? By how many is it given, and how is it expressed?
2. What is _applause_? by how many given? and how expressed? 3. What is
_acclamation_? How does it differ from _applause_? 4. How does
_approbation_ differ from _praise_? 5. What does _approval_ add to the
meaning of _praise_? 6. How does _compliment_ compare with _praise_? 7.
What is _flattery_?
EXAMPLES.
The ---- of listening senates to command,
The threats of pain and ruin to despise,
To scatter plenty o'er a smiling land,
And read their history in a nation's eyes.
---- no man e'er deserved who sought no more.
Gladly then he mixed
Among those friendly powers, who him received
With joy and ----s loud.
* * * * *
PRAY (page 281).
QUESTIONS.
1. What is it to _pray_ in the religious sense? 2. In what lighter and
more familiar sense may _pray_ be used? Is this latter use now common?
EXAMPLES.
Hesiod exhorted the husbandman to ---- for a harvest, but to do so
with his hand upon the plow.
I kneel, and then ---- her blessing.
* * * * *
PRECARIOUS (page 282).
QUESTIONS.
1. To what is the term _uncertain_ applied? 2. What did _precarious_
originally signify? How is it now used, and how does it differ from
_uncertain_?
EXAMPLES.
... Thou know'st, great son,
The end of war's ----.
Life seems to be ---- in proportion to its value.
* * * * *
PRECEDENT (page 282).
QUESTIONS.
1. What is a _precedent_? 2. How does _case_ fall short of the meaning
of _precedent_? 3. What is an _obiter dictum_? How does it differ from a
_precedent_?
EXAMPLES.
Where freedom broadens slowly down
From ---- to ----.
Let us consider the reason of the ----, for nothing is law that is
not reason.
* * * * *
PREDESTINATION (page 282).
QUESTIONS.
1. What is _predestination_? 2. How does _fate_ differ from
_predestination_? 3. What does _necessity_ signify in the philosophical
sense? 4. What is _foreknowledge_? Does it involve _foreordination_ or
_predestination_?
EXAMPLES.
For ---- has wove the thread of life with pain.
All high truth is the union of two contradictories. Thus ---- and
free-will are opposites; and the truth does not lie between these
two, but in a higher reconciling truth which leaves both true.
* * * * *
PREJUDICE (page 283).
QUESTIONS.
1. What is a _presumption_? On what is it founded? 2. On what are
_prejudice_ and _prepossession_ based? How do these two words differ
from each other?
EXAMPLES.
When the judgment's weak, the ---- is strong.
The ---- is always in favor of what exists.
His fine features, manly form, and perfect manners awakened an
instant ---- in his favor.
* * * * *
PRETENSE (page 283).
QUESTIONS.
1. What is a _pretense_? How does it differ from a _pretext_? 2. What is
a _ruse_?
EXAMPLES.
The claim of a stronger nation to protect a weaker has commonly been
but a ---- for conquest.
It is not poverty so much as ---- that harasses a ruined man--the
struggle between a proud mind and an empty purse.
The independent English nobility conspired to make an insurrection,
and to support the prince's ----s.
* * * * *
PREVENT (page 284).
QUESTIONS.
1. What is the original meaning of _prevent_? 2. What word is now
commonly used in that sense? 3. What is the meaning of _obviate_?
_preclude_? 4. How is _prevent_ at present used?
EXAMPLES.
The contrary supposition is obviously ----.
When the Siberian Pacific Railway is finished, what is there to ----
Russia from annexing nearly the whole of China?
There appears to be no way to ---- the difficulty.
* * * * *
PREVIOUS (page 285).
QUESTIONS.
1. What does _antecedent_ denote? 2. How does _preceding_ differ from
_antecedent_ and _previous_? 3. How is _anterior_ commonly used?
_prior_? 4. Of what is _former_ used? What does _former_ always imply?
EXAMPLES.
These matters have been fully explained in ---- chapters of this
work.
The reader will be helped to an understanding of this process by a
careful study of the diagram on the ---- page.
In ---- times many things were attributed to witchcraft that now
have a scientific explanation.
* * * * *
PRICE (page 285).
QUESTIONS.
1. What is the _cost_ of an article? the _price_? 2. How do _cost_ and
_price_ ordinarily differ? 3. In what exceptional case may _cost_ and
_price_ agree? 4. What does _price_ always imply? 5. What is the meaning
of _value_? How does market _value_ differ from intrinsic _value_? 6.
How does _value_ differ from _worth_? 7. To what are _charge_ and
_expense_ ordinarily applied?
EXAMPLES.
---- is the life-giving power of anything; ----, the quantity of
labor required to produce it; ----, the quantity of labor which its
possessor will take in exchange for it.
No man can permanently do business by making the ---- of his goods
the same as their ---- to him, however such a method may help him
momentarily in an emergency.
* * * * *
PRIDE (page 286).
QUESTIONS.
1. What is _pride_? _haughtiness_? _arrogance_? _disdain_? How do these
qualities compare with _pride_? 2. What does _superciliousness_ imply
according to its etymology? 3. How do _pride_ and _vanity_ differ? 4.
What difference is noted between _self-conceit_ and _conceit_? 5. How do
_self-respect_ and _self-esteem_ compare with each other and with the
other words of the group?
EXAMPLES.
---- may puff a man up, but never prop him up.
There is nothing ---- can so little bear with as ---- itself.
---- is as ill at ease under indifference, as tenderness is under
the love which it can not return.
* * * * *
PRIMEVAL (page 287).
QUESTIONS.
1. What is the derivation and signification of _aboriginal_?
_autochthonic_? _primeval_? 2. What do _prime_ and _primary_ denote?
What special sense has _primary_ as in reference to a school? 3. How is
_primordial_ used? 4. What does _primitive_ suggest, as in the
expressions, the _primitive_ church, _primitive_ simplicity? 5. What is
_pristine_? 6. How do _native_ and _indigenous_ compare?
EXAMPLES.
Thou from ---- nothingness didst call
First chaos, then existence, Lord.
The ---- inhabitants of America are long since extinct, for even the
races whom the white men conquered had themselves supplanted an
earlier race.
All the later ages have wondered at and admired the whole-souled
consecration of the ---- church.
* * * * *
PROFIT (page 288).
QUESTIONS.
1. What are _returns_ or _receipts_? 2. What is _profit_ in the
commercial sense? What in the intellectual and moral sense? 3. What is
_utility_? 4. What does _advantage_ originally signify? Does it now
necessarily imply having or gaining superiority to another person, or
securing anything at another's expense? 5. What is _gain_? _benefit_?
_emolument_? 6. To what does _expediency_ especially refer?
EXAMPLES.
Silence has many ----s.
No man can read with ---- that which he can not learn to read with
pleasure.
Godliness with contentment is great ----.
* * * * *
PROGRESS (page 289).
QUESTIONS.
1. What is _progress_? 2. What do _attainment_, _proficiency_, and
_development_ imply? 3. What is _advance_? How does it differ from
_progress_?
EXAMPLES.
What is thy ---- compared with an Alexander's, a Mahomet's, a
Napoleon's?
And dreams in their ---- have breath,
And tears, and tortures, and the touch of joy.
Human ---- consists in a continual increase in the number of those
who, ceasing to live by the animal life alone and to feel the
pleasures of sense only, come to participate in the intellectual
life also.
* * * * *
PROHIBIT (page 290).
QUESTIONS.
1. What is it to _prohibit_? 2. How does _forbid_ compare with
_prohibit_? 3. How does _prohibit_ compare with _prevent_?
EXAMPLES.
Tho much I want which most would have,
Yet still my mind ---- to crave.
The laws of England, from the early Plantagenets, sternly ---- the
conversion of malt into alcohol, excepting a small portion for
medicinal purposes.
Human law must ---- many things that human administration of law can
not absolutely ----; is not this true also of the divine government?
* * * * *
PROMOTE (page 291).
QUESTIONS.
1. What is it to _promote_? 2. To what does _promote_ apply? To persons
or things, and in what way?
EXAMPLES.
The outlawed pirate of one year was ---- the next to be a governor
and his country's representative.
The imperial ensign, which full high ----ed,
Shone like a meteor streaming in the wind.
* * * * *
PROPITIATION (page 291).
QUESTIONS.
1. What did _atonement_ originally denote? What is its present
theological and popular sense? 2. What does _expiation_ signify?
_propitiation_? _satisfaction_?
EXAMPLES.
---- has respect to the bearing which satisfaction has upon sin or
the sinner. ---- has respect to the effect of satisfaction in
removing the judicial displeasure of God.
When a man has been guilty of any sin or folly, I think the best
---- he can make is to warn others not to fall into the like.
Redemption implies the complete deliverance from the penalty, power,
and all the consequences of sin; ---- is used in the sense of the
sacrificial work, whereby the redemption from the condemning power
of the law was insured.
* * * * *
PROPOSAL (page 291).
QUESTIONS.
1. What does an _offer_ or _proposal_ do? 2. What does a _proposition_
set forth? 3. For what is the _proposition_ designed? the _proposal_? 4.
In what way does _proposition_ come to have nearly the sense of
_proposal_ in certain uses? 5. What is a _bid_? 6. What does an
_overture_ accomplish? In what special application is the word commonly
used?
EXAMPLES.
Garrison emphatically declared, "I can not listen to any ---- for a
gradual abolition of wickedness."
The theme in confirmation must always admit of being expressed in a
logical ----, with subject, predicate, and copula.
* * * * *
PROPOSE (page 292).
QUESTIONS.
1. How does _propose_ in its most frequent use differ from _purpose_? 2.
How is _propose_ used so as to be nearly equivalent to _purpose_? What
important difference appears in this latter use?
EXAMPLES.
I know, indeed, the evil of that I ----, but my inclination gets the
better of my judgment.
Man ----s, but God disposes.
* * * * *
PROTRACT (page 293).
QUESTIONS.
1. What is it to _protract_? 2. What is the significance of _defer_ and
_delay_, and how do these words differ in usage from _protract_? 3. How
does _elongate_ differ from _protract_? 4. Is _protract_ ordinarily
favorable or unfavorable in sense? 5. Is _continue_ favorable or
unfavorable?
EXAMPLES.
Unseen hands ----
The coming of what oft seems close in ken.
Burton, a hypochondriac, wrote the "Anatomy of Melancholy," that
marvel of learning, and ---- his life to the age of sixty-four.
* * * * *
PROVERB (page 293).
QUESTIONS.
1. In what do the _proverb_ and the _adage_ agree? In what respects do
they differ? 2. What is an _apothegm_? an _aphorism_? How do these two
words differ? 3. What is a _dictum_? a _saying_? 4. What is a _precept_?
How does it differ from a _motto_ or _maxim_? 5. How do _motto_ and
_maxim_ differ from each other?
EXAMPLES.
The ---- must be verified,
That beggars mounted, run their horse to death.
Books, like ----s, receive their chief value from the stamp and
esteem of ages through which they have passed.
* * * * *
PRUDENCE (page 294).
QUESTIONS.
1. What is the definition of _prudence_? 2. How does _providence_ differ
from _prudence_? 3. How does _care_ compare with _prudence_ and
_providence_? 4. How is _frugality_ related to _prudence_? 5. How do
_foresight_ and _forethought_ compare with each other, and both with
_providence_?
EXAMPLES.
When desp'rate ills demand a speedy cure,
Distrust is cowardice, and ---- folly.
With a ---- unknown in other parts of Scotland, the peasantry have
in most places planted orchards around their cottages.
* * * * *
PURCHASE (page 295).
QUESTIONS.
1. From what language is _purchase_ derived? 2. From what is _buy_
derived? 3. How do _buy_ and _purchase_ agree in meaning? What single
definition would answer for either? 4. How do _buy_ and _purchase_
differ in use? Give instances.
EXAMPLES.
I'll give thee England's treasure,
Enough to ---- such another island,
So thou wilt make me live.
'Tis gold which ----s admittance.
---- the truth, and sell it not.
* * * * *
PURE (page 296).
QUESTIONS.
1. What does _pure_ signify? 2. In what sense are material substances
said to be _pure_? 3. What does _pure_ denote in moral and religious
use? 4. How does _pure_ compare with _innocent_? with _virtuous_?
EXAMPLES.
Water from melted snow is ----r than rain-water, as it descends
through the air in a solid form, incapable of absorbing atmospheric
gases.
Stone walls do not a prison make,
Nor iron bars a cage;
Minds ---- and quiet take
That for a hermitage.
In every place incense shall be offered unto my name and a ----
offering, saith the Lord of hosts.
* * * * *
QUEER (page 297).
QUESTIONS.
1. What is the meaning of _odd_? _singular_? Are _odd_ and _singular_
precise equivalents? 2. When is a thing called _strange_? 3. What is the
primary meaning of _peculiar_? With what implication is it now commonly
used? 4. What is the meaning of _eccentric_? How does it differ in use
from _odd_ or _queer_? 5. How does _erratic_ compare with _eccentric_?
6. What is the primary meaning of _queer_? its common meaning? 7. What
is the significance of _quaint_? _grotesque_?
EXAMPLES.
A ----, shy man was this pastor--a sort of living mummy, dried up
and bleached by Icelandic snows.
In setting a hen, says Grose, the good women hold it an
indispensable rule to put an ---- number of eggs.
Only a man of undoubted genius can afford to be ----.
The ---- architecture of these medieval towns has a strange
fascination.
* * * * *
QUICKEN (page 297).
QUESTIONS.
1. What is it to _accelerate_? to _despatch_? 2. What does the verb
_speed_ signify? _hasten_? _hurry_? What does _hurry_ suggest in
addition to the meaning of _hasten_?
EXAMPLES.
The motion of a falling body is continually ----ed.
The muster-place is Lanrick mead!
---- forth the signal! Norman, ----!
The pulsations of the heart are ----ed by exertion.
* * * * *
QUOTE (page 298).
QUESTIONS.
1. How does _cite_ differ from _quote_? 2. What is it to _paraphrase_?
to _plagiarize_?
EXAMPLES.
A great man ---- bravely, and will not draw on his invention when
his memory serves him with a word as good.
The Devil can ---- Scripture for his purpose.
To appropriate others' thoughts or words mechanically and without
credit is to ----.
* * * * *
RACY (page 299).
QUESTIONS.
1. To what does _racy_ in the first instance refer? _pungent_? 2. How
does _piquant_ differ from _pungent_? 3. How are these words and the
word _spicy_ used in reference to literary products?
EXAMPLES.
Pure mother English, ---- and fresh with idiomatic graces.
The atmosphere was strangely impregnated with the ---- odor of
burning peat.
The spruce, the cedar, and the juniper, with their balsamic breath,
filled the air with a ---- fragrance.
* * * * *
RADICAL (page 299).
QUESTIONS.
1. What is the primary meaning of _radical_? 2. What contrasted senses
are derived from this primary meaning?
EXAMPLES.
Timidity is a ---- defect in a reformer.
Social and political leaders look to vested interests, and hence are
inclined to regard all ---- measures as ----.
* * * * *
RARE (page 300).
QUESTIONS.
1. What is the meaning of _unique_? Can any one of a number of things of
the same kind be _unique_? 2. What is the primary meaning of _rare_?
What added sense is often blended with this primary meaning? 3. Is
_extraordinary_ favorable or unfavorable in meaning?
EXAMPLES.
Nothing is so ---- as time.
That which gives to the Jews their ---- position among the nations
is what we are accustomed to regard as their sacred history.
And what is so ---- as a day in June?
Then, if ever, come perfect days.
* * * * *
REACH (page 300).
QUESTIONS.
1. What is it to _reach_ in the sense here considered? 2. What is it to
_arrive_? 3. What does _attain_ add to the meaning of _arrive_? What
does _gain_ add?
EXAMPLES.
And grasping down the boughs
I ----ed the shore.
He gathered the ripe nuts in the fall,
And berries that grew by fence and wall
So high she could not ---- them at all.
The heights by great men ----ed and kept
Were not ----ed by sudden flight,
But they, while their companions slept,
Were toiling upward in the night.
It is only in this way that we can hope to ---- at truth.
* * * * *
REAL (page 301).
QUESTIONS.
1. From what is _real_ derived? What does it mean? 2. From what is the
_real_ distinguished? 3. To what is _actual_ opposed? 4. What shades of
difference may be pointed out between the four words _actual_, _real_,
_developed_, and _positive_?
EXAMPLES.
In ---- life we do not die when all that makes life bright dies to
us.
If there was any trouble, ---- or impending, affecting those she had
served, her place was with them.
This was regarded as proof ---- of conspiracy.
* * * * *
REASON, _v._ (page 302).
QUESTIONS.
1. What is it to _reason_ about a matter? 2. From what is _argue_
derived, and what does it mean? 3. What is it to _demonstrate_? to
_prove_? How do these two words agree and differ?
EXAMPLES.
There are two ways of reaching truth: by ----ing it out and by
feeling it out.
In ----ing, too, the person owned his skill,
For e'en tho vanquished, he could ---- still.
A matter of fact may be ----ed by adequate evidence; only a
mathematical proposition can be ----ed.
* * * * *
REASON, _n._ (page 302).
QUESTIONS.
1. How does _cause_ differ from _reason_ in the strict sense of each of
the two words? 2. How is _reason_ often used so as to be a partial
equivalent of _cause_?
EXAMPLES.
No one is at liberty to speak ill of another without a justifiable
----, even tho he knows he is speaking truth.
I am not only witty myself, but the ---- that wit is in other men.
Necessity is the ---- of tyrants; it is the creed of slaves.
Alas! how light a ---- may move
Dissension between hearts that love!
* * * * *
REASONING (page 303).
QUESTIONS.
1. What do _argumentation_ and _debate_ ordinarily imply? 2. How does
_reasoning_ differ from both the above words in this respect? 3. To what
kind of _reasoning_ were _argument_ and _argumentation_ formerly
restricted? How widely are the words now applied? 4. How do _argument_
and _argumentation_ compare with _reasoning_ as regards logical form?
EXAMPLES.
All ----, Inductive or Deductive, is a reaching of the unknown
through the known; and where nothing unknown is reached there is no
----.
Early at Bus'ness, and at Hazard late,
Mad at a fox-chase, wise at a ----.
If thou continuest to take delight in idle ----, thou mayest be
qualified to combat with the sophists, but never know how to live
with men.
* * * * *
REFINEMENT (page 305).
QUESTIONS.
1. To what does _civilization_ apply, and what does it denote? 2. What
is _refinement_? 3. What is the primary meaning of _cultivation_? the
derived meaning? 4. By what word is _cultivation_ now largely
superseded? 5. What does _culture_ denote?
EXAMPLES.
What is ----? It is the humanization of man in society, the
satisfaction for him in society of the true law of human nature.
Giving up wrong pleasure is not self-sacrifice, but self-----.
This refined taste is the consequence of education and habit; we are
born only with a capacity of entertaining this ----.
* * * * *
RELIABLE (page 306).
QUESTIONS.
1. What is to be said of the controversy regarding the formation and use
of the word _reliable_? 2. What do _trusty_ and _trustworthy_ denote? 3.
How does _reliable_ compare with these words? 4. What meaning may
_reliable_ convey that _trusty_ and _trustworthy_ would not?
EXAMPLES.
Good lack! quoth he, yet bring it me
My leathern belt likewise,
In which I bear my ---- sword,
When I do exercise.
The first voyage to America, of which we have any perfectly ----
account, was performed by the Norsemen.
* * * * *
RELIGION (page 307).
QUESTIONS.
1. What is the original sense of _piety_? the derived sense? 2. What is
_religion_? What does it include? 3. What is _worship_? _devotion_? 4.
What is _morality_? _godliness_? _holiness_? 5. How is _theology_
related to _religion_?
EXAMPLES.
---- is man's belief in a being or beings, mightier than himself and
inaccessible to his senses, but not indifferent to his sentiments
and actions, with the feelings and practises which flow from such
belief.
----, whose soul sincere
Fears God, and knows no other fear.
To deny the freedom of the will is to make ---- impossible.
Systematic ---- may be defined as the substance of the Christian
faith in a scientific form.
* * * * *
REND (page 309).
QUESTIONS.
1. To what are _rend_ and _tear_ usually applied? Which is the stronger
word? 2. In what connection is _rive_ used, and in what sense? 3. What
does _lacerate_ signify? 4. How does _mangle_ compare with _lacerate_?
5. What do _burst_ and _rupture_ signify? Which is the stronger word?
When is a steam-boiler said to be _ruptured_? 6. What does _rip_
signify?
EXAMPLES.
Storms do not ---- the sail that is furled.
Oh, it offends me to the soul to hear a robustious, periwig-pated
fellow ---- a passion to tatters, to very rags, to split the ears of
the groundlings.
And now a bubble ----s, and now a world.
The first blood shed in the revolutionary struggle; a mere drop in
amount, but a deluge in its effects, ----ing the colonies forever
from the mother country.
* * * * *
RENOUNCE (page 309).
QUESTIONS.
1. From what is _renounce_ derived, and in what sense used? _recant_?
_retract_? 2. What is it to _discard_? 3. How does _revoke_ compare with
_recall_ in original meaning and in present use? 4. What is the
derivation and the distinctive meaning of _abjure_? 5. In what sense is
_repudiate_ used?
EXAMPLES.
On his knees, with his hand on the Bible, Galileo was compelled to
---- and curse the doctrine of the movement of the earth.
He adds his soul to every other loss, and by the act of suicide,
---- earth to forfeit heaven.
He had no spiritual adviser, no human comforter, and was entirely in
the hands of those who were determined that he should ---- or die.
* * * * *
REPENTANCE (page 310).
QUESTIONS.
1. What is _regret_? 2. What does _penitence_ add to _regret_? 3. How
does _repentance_ surpass the meaning of _penitence_, _regret_,
_sorrow_, etc.? 4. What is _compunction_? _contrition_? 5. What is
_remorse_, and how does it compare with _repentance_?
EXAMPLES.
What then? what rests?
Try what ---- can: what can it not?
Forgive me, Valentine, if hearty ----
Be a sufficient ransom for offense,
I tender't here.
So writhes the mind ---- has riven,
Unmeet for earth, undoomed to heaven,
Darkness above, despair beneath,
Around it flame, within it death.
* * * * *
REPROOF (page 311).
QUESTIONS.
1. Are _blame_, _censure_, and _disapproval_ spoken or silent? 2. Are
_comment_, _criticism_, _rebuke_, _reflection_, _reprehension_, and
_reproof_ expressed or not? 3. How of _admonition_ and _animadversion_?
4. Are _comment_ and _criticism_ favorable or unfavorable? Do they imply
superiority on the part of commentator or critic? 5. Do _reflection_ and
_reprehension_ imply such superiority? How are these two words
discriminated? 6. What does _rebuke_ literally signify? To what kind of
person is a _rebuke_ administered? 7. To what kind of person is
_reproof_ administered? 8. What do _rebuke_ and _reproof_ imply on the
part of him who administers them? 9. What is _animadversion_?
_admonition_?
EXAMPLES.
A ---- is intolerable when it is administered out of pride or
hatred.
The best preservative to keep the mind in health is the faithful
---- of a friend.
Open ---- is better than secret love.
* * * * *
REPROVE (page 312).
QUESTIONS.
1. What is it to _censure_? to _reprove_? to _reprimand_ 2. How does
_admonish_ compare with the other words in the group? Is its reference
to the past or to the future? 3. What is it to _reproach_? Does this
word imply authority or superiority? 4. What is the force of
_expostulate_ and _remonstrate_?
EXAMPLES.
He that oppresseth the poor ----eth his Maker.
Her answer ----ed me; for she said, "I never ask their crimes, for
we have all come short."
Moses was ----ed of God when he was about to make the tabernacle:
for, see, saith he, that thou make all things according to the
pattern shewed to thee in the mount.
This witness is true. Therefore ---- them sharply, that they may be
sound in the faith.
* * * * *
REST (page 313).
QUESTIONS.
1. What is _ease_? _quiet_? _rest_? 2. What is _recreation_, and how is
it related to _rest_? 3. What is _repose_ in the primary, and what in
the derived, sense? 4. How does _repose_ compare with _rest_? 5. What is
a _pause_? 6. How does _sleep_ compare with _repose_ and _rest_?
EXAMPLES.
Seek out, less often sought than found,
A soldier's grave--for thee the best;
Then look around, and choose thy ground,
And take thy ----.
Her manners had not that ----
That stamps the cast of Vere de Vere.
Shall I not take mine ---- in mine inn?
* * * * *
RESTRAIN (page 315).
QUESTIONS.
1. What is it to _restrain_? 2. How does _constrain_ differ from
_restrain_? 3. How does _restrain_ differ from _restrict_? 4. How does
_repress_ compare with _restrain_? _suppress_?
EXAMPLES.
The English Puritans, ----ed at home, fled for freedom to America.
In no political system is it so necessary to ---- the powers of the
government as in a democratic state.
* * * * *
REVENGE (page 316).
QUESTIONS.
1. What is _revenge_? 2. How does _retaliation_ compare with _revenge_?
3. What did _vengeance_ formerly mean, and what does it now imply? 4.
What is a _requital_? 5. How do _avenging_ and _retribution_ differ from
_retaliation_, _revenge_, and _vengeance_? 6. What difference may be
noted between _avenging_ and _retribution_?
EXAMPLES.
According to the wish of Sulla himself, ... his monument was erected
in the Campus Martius, bearing an inscription composed by himself:
"No friend ever did me a kindness, no enemy a wrong, without
receiving full ----."
By the spirit of ----, as we sometimes express it, we generally
understand a disposition, not merely to return suffering for
suffering, but to inflict a degree of pain on the person who is
supposed to have injured us, beyond what strict justice requires.
In all great religions we find one God, and in all, personal
immortality with ----.
* * * * *
REVOLUTION (page 317).
QUESTIONS.
1. What is the essential idea of _revolution_? 2. Does a _revolution_
necessarily involve war? 3. What is _anarchy_? _insubordination_?
_sedition_? _revolt_? _rebellion_? 4. How does _rebellion_ differ from
_revolution_? 5. By what class of persons is _insurrection_ made?
_mutiny_?
EXAMPLES.
----s are not made; they come.
---- to tyrants is obedience to God.
Since government is of God, ---- must be contrary to his will.
* * * * *
REVOLVE (page 318).
QUESTIONS.
1. When is a body said to _roll_? to _rotate_? to _revolve_? 2. In what
sense may the earth be said to _revolve_? and in what sense to _rotate_?
3. What are some of the extended uses of _roll_? 4. What kind of a word
is _turn_, and what is its meaning?
EXAMPLES.
Any bright star close by the pole is seen to ---- in a very small
circle whose center is the pole itself.
The sun ----s on an axis in the same direction in which the planets
---- in their orbits.
Human nature can never rest; once in motion it ----s like the stone
of Sisyphus every instant when the resisting force is suspended.
* * * * *
RIGHT (page 319).
QUESTIONS.
1. What is a _right_? Is it general or special? 2. What is a
_privilege_? an _exemption_? an _immunity_? 3. What is a _franchise_? a
_prerogative_?
EXAMPLES.
Friendship gives no ---- to make ourselves disagreeable.
All men are created equal, and endowed with certain inalienable
----s.
* * * * *
RUSTIC (page 321).
QUESTIONS.
1. From what are _rural_ and _rustic_ alike derived? How do the two
words agree in general signification? How are they discriminated in use?
2. What is the meaning of _pastoral_? of _bucolic_?
EXAMPLES.
How still the morning of the hallowed day!
Mute is the voice of ---- labor, hush'd
The plowboy's whistle and the milkmaid's song.
The ---- arbor which the summit crowned
Was woven of shining smilax, trumpet-vine,
Clematis, and the wild white eglantine.
When hunting tribes begin to domesticate animals, they enter usually
upon the ---- stage.
* * * * *
SACRAMENT (page 321).
QUESTIONS.
1. What is a religious _service_ in the extended sense? 2. What is a
_sacrament_? 3. What is an _observance_? an _ordinance_? 4. How do
_sacrament_ and _ordinance_ differ? 5. What is a _rite_?
EXAMPLES.
Religion will glide by degrees out of the mind unless it be
invigorated and reimpressed by external ----s.
Nothing tends more to unite men's hearts than joining together in
the same prayers and ----s.
* * * * *
SALE (page 323).
QUESTIONS.
1. What is _change_ or _exchange_? 2. What is _barter_? _sale_? 3. What
is a _bargain_ in the strict sense? 4. What is _trade_ in the broad and
in the limited sense?
EXAMPLES.
Honor sits smiling at the ---- of truth.
I'll give thrice as much land to any well-deserving friend,
But in the way of ----, mark ye me,
I'll cavil on the ninth part of a hair.
Stamps God's own name upon a lie just made
To coin a penny in the way of ----.
* * * * *
SAMPLE (page 323).
QUESTIONS.
1. What is a _sample_? a _specimen_? 2. How do _sample_ and _specimen_
compare as indications of the quality of that which they respectively
represent?
EXAMPLES.
There is, therefore, in this country, an implied warranty that the
goods correspond to the ----.
Curzola is a perfect ---- of a Venetian town.
* * * * *
SCHOLAR (page 324).
QUESTIONS.
1. What is the primary sense of _scholar_? the derived sense? 2. What
does _pupil_ signify? How is it technically used in educational work? 3.
In what sense is _student_ employed?
EXAMPLES.
The accent or turn of expression of a single sentence will at once
mark a ----.
The State of New York supplies all needed text-books free of charge
to the ----s in the public schools.
The ----s in American colleges have taken up athletics with intense
enthusiasm.
* * * * *
SCIENCE (page 325).
QUESTIONS.
1. How does _science_ compare with _knowledge_? 2. How does _art_
compare with _science_? 3. What two senses of _art_ must be
discriminated from each other? 4. In which sense is _art_ a system of
rules? 5. In which sense does _art_ transcend rule?
EXAMPLES.
Beethoven took his ---- as seriously as a saint and martyr takes his
religion.
Modern ---- may be regarded as one vast miracle, whether we view it
in relation to the Almighty Being, by whom its objects and its laws
were formed, or to the feeble intellect of man, by which its depths
have been sounded, and its mysteries explored.
Printing has been aptly termed the ---- preservative of all other
----s.
* * * * *
SECURITY (page 326).
QUESTIONS.
1. Of what kind of value or property must an _earnest_ consist? 2. How
do _pledge_ and _security_ differ from _earnest_? 3. How does _security_
differ from _pledge_? 4. What is _bail_? _gage_?
EXAMPLES.
The ---- for a national or state debt is the honesty of its people.
The surest ---- of a deathless name
Is the silent homage of thoughts unspoken.
And for an ---- of a greater honor,
He bade me, from him, call thee Thane of Cawdor.
* * * * *
SENSATION (page 328).
QUESTIONS.
1. What is a _sensation_? a _perception_? 2. How does an _emotion_
differ from a _sensation_? 3. How does the popular term _feeling_
compare with _sensation_ and _emotion_? 4. What is a _sense_?
EXAMPLES.
But ----, in the technical and limited sense of the term, is
appropriated to the knowledge of material objects, and of the
external world. This knowledge is gained or acquired by means of the
----s, and hence, to be more exact, we call it sensible ----, or,
more briefly, sense ----.
----s sweet,
Felt in the blood, and felt along the heart.
* * * * *
SENSIBILITY (page 328).
QUESTIONS.
1. What is _sensibility_ in the philosophical sense? in popular use? 2.
What does _sensitiveness_ denote? 3. What is _susceptibility_? How does
it compare with _sensitiveness_? 4. How are _susceptibility_ and
_sensitiveness_ discriminated in physics?
EXAMPLES.
The ---- of the external surface of the body is a special endowment
adapted to the elements around and calculated to protect the
interior parts from injury.
---- to pleasure is of necessity also ---- to pain.
Every mind is in a peculiar state of ---- to certain impressions.
* * * * *
SEVERE (page 329).
QUESTIONS.
1. What is _severe_? _rigid_? _strict_? 2. How does _rigorous_ compare
with _rigid_? 3. What does _austere_ signify? What element is always
found in an _austere_ character?
EXAMPLES.
In mathematics we arrive at certitude by ---- demonstration.
He who the sword of heaven will bear
Should be as holy as ----.
---- law is often ---- injustice.
By ---- adherence to truth in official dealing with the natives, the
English have come to be always believed in India.
* * * * *
SHELTER, _v._ (page 331).
QUESTIONS.
1. When is anything said to be _covered_? 2. How does _shelter_ compare
with _cover_? 3. What does _defend_ signify? 4. What does _guard_ imply?
5. How does _protect_ surpass _guard_ and _defend_? 6. What does
_shield_ signify? How does it compare with _guard_ or _defend_? 7. In
what sense is the verb _harbor_ commonly used?
EXAMPLES.
He that ----eth his sins shall not prosper, but he that forsaketh
them shall find mercy.
Thou who trod'st the billowy sea,
---- us in our jeopardy!
In youth it ----ed me,
And I'll protect it now.
* * * * *
SIN (page 332).
QUESTIONS.
1. What is _sin_? 2. How is _transgression_ discriminated from _sin_ in
the general sense? 3. What is _crime_? _guilt_? _depravity_?
EXAMPLES.
Commit
The oldest ----s the newest kind of ways.
---- is not punished as an offense against God, but as prejudicial
to society.
How ---- once harbored in the conscious breast,
Intimidates the brave, degrades the great.
* * * * *
SKETCH (page 334).
QUESTIONS.
1. What is a _sketch_? How does it compare with _outline_? 2. In what
special connection are _draft_ and _plan_ used? 3. How does a mechanical
_drawing_ differ from a _draft_? 4. What is a _design_? How does it
exceed the meaning of _drawing_? 5. What is an _outline_ in written
composition? How does a _sketch_ in this sense compare with an
_outline_? 6. What is an _outline_ of a sermon technically called? 7.
What is a lawyer's _brief_? How does it compare with an _outline_ or
_sketch_?
EXAMPLES.
A ---- that is without vigor, and in which the anatomy has not been
defined, is a bad foundation for a good picture.
A little model the master wrought,
Which should be to the larger ----
What the child is to the man.
* * * * *
SKILFUL (page 335).
QUESTIONS.
1. What does _skilful_ signify? 2. How does _dexterous_ compare with
_skilful_? 3. How does a _skilled_ compare with a _skilful_ workman?
EXAMPLES.
So ---- seamen ken the land from far,
Which shows like mists to the dull passenger.
Thousands of ---- workmen are thrown into enforced idleness by the
strikes and lockouts of every year.
Much that has been received as the work of disembodied spirits has
been but the ---- sleight of hand of spirits embodied.
* * * * *
SLANDER (page 336).
QUESTIONS.
1. What is it to _slander_? to _defame_? to _libel_? 2. When is _defame_
equivalent to _slander_? When is it equivalent to _libel_? 3. What is it
to _asperse_? to _malign_? to _traduce_? to _disparage_? 4. How do
_slander_ and _libel_ differ in legal signification from the other
words? 5. Which words of the group apply to open attack in one's
presence, and which to attack in his absence?
EXAMPLES.
----ed to death by villains
That dare as well answer a man, indeed,
As I dare take a serpent by the tongue.
If the Scriptures seem to ---- knowledge, it is the knowledge that
despises virtue.
Challenging each recreant doubter
Who ----ed her spotless name.
* * * * *
SLANG (page 336).
QUESTIONS.
1. What is a _colloquialism_? 2. What is _slang_ in the primary and
ordinary sense? in special senses? 3. What is a _vulgarism_? 4. What is
_cant_ in the sense here considered?
EXAMPLES.
There is a ---- bred of vileness that is never redeemed; there is
also a ---- that is the vigorous utterance of uncultured wit, that
fills a gap in the language and mounts ultimately to the highest
places.
A ---- is worse than ----, because it bears the ineffaceable stamp
of ignorance.
* * * * *
SOCIALISM (page 338).
QUESTIONS.
1. What is _socialism_? What term do many of its advocates prefer? 2.
What is _communism_? _anarchism_?
EXAMPLES.
---- in its full sense means the abolition of inheritance, the
abolition of the family, the abolition of nationalities, the
abolition of religion, the abolition of property.
----, in some modified form, is steadily making its way among
thinking men under the guise of cooperation.
---- is the offspring of sore hearts and shallow brains. It is the
wisdom of the man who burned down his house because his chimney
smoked.
* * * * *
SPONTANEOUS (page 340).
QUESTIONS.
1. When is anything properly said to be _spontaneous_? _voluntary_?
_involuntary_? 2. How do _voluntary_ and _involuntary_ compare with each
other? both with _spontaneous_?
EXAMPLES.
---- is opposed to reflective. Those operations of mind which are
continually going on without any effort or intention on our part are
_spontaneous_.
No action that is not ---- has any merit.
* * * * *
SPY (page 340).
QUESTIONS.
1. In what are the _spy_ and the _scout_ alike? 2. In what do they
differ? 3. What are their respective rights in case of capture? 4. What
is an _emissary_?
EXAMPLES.
A daring ---- of General Stuart made his way to my quarters, and
informed me that General Imboden had planned an attack upon the
town.
I had grown uneasy in regard to the disjointed situation of our army
and, to inform myself of what was going on, determined to send a
---- into the enemy's lines.
* * * * *
STATE, _v._ (page 341).
QUESTIONS.
1. From what is _state_ derived? What does it mean? 2. What is the
significance of _assert_? What element is prominent in this word? 3.
What is the relative force of _affirm_ and _assert_? _asseverate_?
_aver_? _assure_? 4. What does _affirm_ signify in legal use, and how
does it differ from _swear_? 5. What is it to _certify_? 6. What does
_vindicate_ signify?
EXAMPLES.
The first condition of intelligent debate is that the question be
clearly ----ed.
We ---- that the sciences dispose themselves round two great axes of
thought, parallel and not unrelated, yet distinct--the natural
sciences held together by the one, the moral by the other.
It is impossible for the mind to ---- anything of that of which it
knows nothing.
* * * * *
STORM (page 343).
QUESTIONS.
1. What is the essential meaning of _storm_? 2. What is a _tempest_?
EXAMPLES.
The ---- is hard at hand will sweep away
Thrones, churches, ranks, traditions, customs, marriage.
Were any considerable mass of air to be suddenly transferred from
beyond the tropics to the equator, the difference of the rotatory
velocity proper to the two situations would be so great as to
produce not merely a wind, but a ---- of the most destructive
violence.
* * * * *
STORY (page 343).
QUESTIONS.
1. What is a _story_? Is it true or false? 2. What is an _anecdote_? a
_narrative_ or _narration_?
EXAMPLES.
There are ----, common to the different branches of the Aryan
stock.... They are ancient Aryan ----, ... older than the Odyssey,
older than the dispersion of the Aryan race.
----s are relations of detached, interesting particulars.
Fairy ----s have for children an inexhaustible charm.
* * * * *
SUBJECTIVE (page 345).
QUESTIONS.
1. What is the meaning of _subjective_? of _objective_? 2. How are these
words illustrated in the case of a mountain? 3. What matters are purely
_subjective_? 4. What matters are purely _objective_? 5. What is meant
by saying that an author has a _subjective_ or an _objective_ style?
EXAMPLES.
Subject therefore, denotes the mind itself; and ----, that which
belongs to, or proceeds from, the thinking subject. Object is a term
for that about which the knowing subject is conversant, ... while
---- means that which belongs to, or proceeds from, the object
known, and not from the subject knowing; and thus denotes what is
real, in opposition to what is ideal,--what exists in nature, in
contrast to what exists merely in the thought of the individual.
* * * * *
SUGGESTION (page 347).
QUESTIONS.
1. In what way does a _suggestion_ bring a matter before the mind? 2.
What is an _intimation_? a _hint_? 3. What are the special
characteristics of _insinuation_ and _innuendo_?
EXAMPLES.
Behold in the bloom of apples,
And the violets in the sward,
A ---- of the old, lost beauty
Of the garden of the Lord!
Time is truly the comforter, at once lessening the tendency to ----
of images of sorrow, and softening that very sorrow when the images
arise.
An ---- is cowardly because it can seldom be directly answered, and
the one who makes it can always retreat behind an assumed
misconstruction of his words; but the ---- is the stab in the back,
sneaking as it is malicious.
* * * * *
SUPERNATURAL (page 347).
QUESTIONS.
1. What is the original meaning of _supernatural_? of _preternatural_?
2. What is commonly implied in the use of _preternatural_? 3. In what
sense do some hold a miracle to be _supernatural_? What descriptive term
would others prefer? 4. What is the meaning of _superhuman_? In what
secondary sense is it often used?
EXAMPLES.
It was something altogether ----, as when God said, 'Let there be
light,' and there was light.
With an imagination of intense vividness and ---- activity, Choate
was as practical as the most sordid capitalist that ever became an
"incarnation of fat dividends."
* * * * *
SUPPORT (page 348).
QUESTIONS.
1. What do _support_ and _sustain_ alike signify? 2. How does _sustain_
surpass _support_ in meaning and force? 3. What is the force and use of
_bear_ in this connection? 4. What is it to _maintain_? 5. How does
_maintain_ compare with _support_ as to fulness and as to dignity? 6.
What is it to _prop_? What is the limit upon the meaning of this word?
EXAMPLES.
And Cain said, My punishment is great than I can ----.
You take my house when you do take the prop
That doth ---- my house.
Can a soul like mine,
Unus'd to power, and form'd for humbler scenes,
---- the splendid miseries of greatness?
While less expert, tho stronger far,
The Gael ----ed unequal war.
* * * * *
SUPPOSE (page 348).
QUESTIONS.
1. What is it to _suppose_? 2. How does _conjecture_ differ from
_suppose_? 3. What does _think_ signify in the sense here considered?
How does it compare with _conjecture_ or _suppose_?
EXAMPLES.
Newton ----ed that if the earth were to be so compressed as to be
absolutely without pores, its dimensions might not exceed a cubic
inch.
Let it not be ----ed that principles and opinions always go
together.
* * * * *
SYNONYMOUS (page 349).
QUESTIONS.
1. Are there any _synonymous_ words in the strict sense of the term? 2.
What is meant by _synonymous_ words? 3. What are the two common faults
with reference to _synonymous_ words or _synonyms_?
EXAMPLES.
The great source of a loose style is the injudicious use of those
words termed ----.
To raise, with fitting observances, over the ruins of the historic
fortress [Sumter] the ---- flag which had waved over it during its
first bombardment.
* * * * *
SYSTEM (page 350).
QUESTIONS.
1. What is _order_, in the sense here considered? 2. What does _method_
denote? 3. What is a _system_? 4. To what does _manner_ refer? 5. To
what does _regularity_ apply? 6. Can there be _order_ without
_regularity_ or _regularity_ without _order_, and how?
EXAMPLES.
If this be madness, there is ---- in it.
A ---- is ... an organized body of truth, or truths arranged under
one and the same idea, which idea is as the life or soul which
assimilates all those truths.
* * * * *
TEACH (page 353).
QUESTIONS.
1. What is it to _teach_? 2. How does _instruct_ surpass _teach_ in
signification? 3. What secondary sense has _instruct_? 4. What is the
full meaning of _educate_? 5. What is it to _train_? 6. To what is
_train_ commonly applied where _educate_ could not well be used? 7. What
is it to _discipline_? 8. What does _nurture_ signify, and how does it
compare with _educate_?
EXAMPLES.
Plato returned to Athens and began to ----; like his master, he ----
without money and without price.
For the most effective mechanical work both mind and hand must be
----ed in childhood.
The Highlanders flocking to him from all quarters, though ill-armed,
and worse ----ed, made him undervalue any enemy who, he thought, was
yet to encounter him.
* * * * *
TERM (page 354).
QUESTIONS.
1. What is the literal meaning of _term_? 2. Is this meaning retained in
the figurative uses of the word? 3. What are the _articles_ of a
contract? the _terms_ of a contract? 4. What is a _condition_? 5. What
is a _term_ in the logical sense? 6. How does _term_ in ordinary use
compare with _word_, _expression_, or _phrase_?
EXAMPLES.
For beauty's acme hath a ---- as brief
As the wave's poise before it break in pearl.
But what are these moral sermons [of Seneca]? ----s, nothing but
----s.
The very ---- miser is a confession of the misery which attends
avarice.
* * * * *
TERSE (page 354).
QUESTIONS.
1. What is the meaning of _short_ or _brief_? 2. What is the derivation
and meaning of _concise_? of _condensed_? of _compendious_? 3. What is
the derivation and meaning of _succinct_? of _terse_? 4. What is the
force of _summary_? 5. What is a _sententious_ style? a _pithy_
utterance?
EXAMPLES.
With all his lucidity of statement, Hamilton was not always ----.
In most cases it will be found that the Victorian idiom is clearer,
but less ---- than the corresponding Elizabethan idiom which it has
supplanted.
* * * * *
TESTIMONY (page 355).
QUESTIONS.
1. What is _testimony_? 2. How does it compare with _evidence_? 3. How
does a _deposition_ differ from an _affidavit_?
EXAMPLES.
The word ----, in legal acceptation, includes all the means by which
any alleged matter of fact, the truth of which is submitted to us
for investigation, is established or disproved.
As to the fruits of Sodom, fair without, full of ashes within, I saw
nothing of them, tho from the ---- we have, something of this kind
has been produced.
* * * * *
TIME (page 356).
QUESTIONS.
1. To what do _sequence_ and _succession_ apply? 2. What does _time_
denote? How is it conceived of with reference to events? 3. How do
_duration_ and _succession_ compare with _time_?
EXAMPLES.
Every event remembered is remembered as having happened in ----
past. This gives us the idea in the concrete.... We can now, by a
process of abstraction, separate the ---- from the event, and we
have the abstract idea of _time_.
The ---- of each earthquake is measured generally only by seconds,
or even parts of a second.
It has been conjectured that our idea of ---- is founded upon the
conscious ---- of sensations and ideas in our own minds.
* * * * *
TOOL (page 358).
QUESTIONS.
1. What is a _tool_? 2. How does _instrument_ compare in meaning with
_tool_? 3. What special _tools_ are ordinarily called _instruments_? 4.
What is an _implement_? 5. What is a _utensil_? In what special
relations is the word used? 6. What is an _appliance_? How does
_appliance_ compare with _tool_? 7. What is a _mechanism_? 8. What is a
_machine_ in the most general sense? in the technical and common use? 9.
What is an _apparatus_? 10. Which of these words have figurative use?
11. How are _instrument_ and _tool_ contrasted in figurative use?
EXAMPLES.
The time is coming when the ----s of husbandry shall supplant the
weapons of war.
Mix salt and sand, and it shall puzzle the wisest of men, with his
mere natural ----s, to separate all the grains of sand from all the
grains of salt.
The pick, stone-saw, wedge, chisel, and other ----s were already in
use when the pyramids were built.
* * * * *
TOPIC (page 359).
QUESTIONS.
1. From what is _topic_ derived, and with what meaning? 2. How is
_question_ used in a similar sense, and why? 3. Is the general _subject_
or _theme_ properly known as the _topic_? To what is that name more
appropriately given?
EXAMPLES.
My father ... always took care to start some ingenious or useful
---- of discourse, which might tend to improve the minds of his
children.
One of the most important rules in a deliberative assembly is, that
every speaker shall speak to the ----.
The ---- of the Iliad is not the war of Troy, but the wrath of
Achilles exhibited during and in connection with the war of Troy.
* * * * *
TRANSACT, TRANSACTION (page 360).
QUESTIONS.
1. How does _transact_ differ from _do_? 2. How does _transact_ differ
from _treat_ and _negotiate_? 3. How does _negotiate_ compare with
_treat_? 4. How do _transactions_ differ from _proceedings_?
EXAMPLES.
In the first Parliament of James the House of Commons refused for
the first time to ---- business on a Sunday.
The treaty of peace that closed the war of 1812 had been already
---- before the battle of New Orleans was fought.
Any direction of Christ or any direction or act of his apostles
respecting the ---- of business in the church, is binding upon us,
unless such direction or act was grounded upon peculiar
circumstances then existing.
* * * * *
TRANSIENT (page 361).
QUESTIONS.
1. What is the derivation of _transient_ and _transitory_? 2. How does
_transient_ differ in signification from _transitory_? 3. What is the
distinctive meaning of _temporary_? 4. From what is _ephemeral_ derived,
and with what sense? 5. How does _ephemeral_ differ from _transient_ or
_transitory_? 6. What does _ephemeral_ suggest besides brevity of time?
7. What is the derivation and meaning of _fugitive_? 8. What is the
distinctive meaning of _evanescent_?
EXAMPLES.
Mirth is short and ----, cheerfulness fixed and permanent.
Neither gratitude nor revenge had any share in determining his
[Charles II.'s] course; for never was there a mind on which both
services and injuries left such faint and ---- impressions.
A ---- chairman is commonly appointed at the opening of a meeting to
conduct proceedings till a permanent presiding officer shall be
elected.
* * * * *
UNION (page 362).
QUESTIONS.
1. What is _unity_? 2. What is _union_? 3. How are _unity_ and _union_
contrasted? 4. When may _unity_ be predicated of that which is made up
of parts?
EXAMPLES.
Behold how good and how pleasant it is for brethren to dwell
together in ----.
Out of the ---- of Roman and Teutonic elements arose the modern
world of Europe.
* * * * *
UTILITY (page 363).
QUESTIONS.
1. From what is _utility_ derived, and what is its primary meaning? 2.
How is _utility_ discriminated from _use_ and _usefulness_? 3. What is
the derivation and primary meaning of _expediency_? 4. How are
_expediency_ and _utility_ used as regards moral action? Which is the
inferior word in such use? 5. How does _policy_ in such use compare with
_expediency_ and _utility_?
EXAMPLES.
Principle is ever my motto, not ----.
Two words form the key of the Baconian doctrine, ---- and progress.
The ancient philosophy disdained to be useful, and was content to be
stationary.
Justice itself is the great standing ---- of civil society, and any
departure from it, under any circumstances, rests under the
suspicion of being no ---- at all.
The fundamental objection to the doctrine of ----, in all its
modifications is that taken by Dr. Reid, viz., "that agreeableness
and ---- are not moral conceptions, nor have they any connection
with morality. What a man does merely because it is agreeable is not
virtue."
* * * * *
VACANT (page 363).
QUESTIONS.
1. What is the meaning of _empty_? of _vacant_? 2. To what does _vacant_
especially refer? 3. What is the difference between an _empty_ house and
a _vacant_ house? 4. What is the difference in dignity between the two
words? 5. What is the significance of _void_ and _devoid_? 6. What does
_waste_ imply? 7. In what sense is _vacuous_ used?
EXAMPLES.
---- heads console with ---- sound.
The watch-dog's voice that bay'd the whispering wind
And the loud laugh that spoke the ---- mind.
* * * * *
VENAL (page 365).
QUESTIONS.
1. From what is _venal_ derived, and with what meaning? _mercenary_?
_hireling_? 2. How are _mercenary_ and _venal_ discriminated from
_hireling_?
EXAMPLES.
The closing quarter of the nineteenth century may be termed the ----
era of American politics. Never before has legislation been so
universally, so unscrupulously, and unblushingly for sale.
The body of Greeks, immortalized under the name of the Ten Thousand,
... though embarking on a foreign ---- service, were by no means
outcasts, or even men of extreme poverty.
It is not the hire, but the working only for the hire that makes the
----.
* * * * *
VENERATION (page 366).
QUESTIONS.
1. By what qualities is _awe_ inspired? 2. What elements are present and
what lacking in _awe_? 3. What is _dread_ and by what aroused? 4. How do
_reverence_ and _veneration_ differ from _awe_ or _dread_? 5. How does
_adoration_ compare with _veneration_?
EXAMPLES.
Man craves an object of ----; and if not supplied with that which
God has appointed, will take what offers.
The Italian climate robs age of its ----, and makes it look newer
than it is.
* * * * *
VENIAL (page 367).
QUESTIONS.
1. From what is _venial_ derived, and what does it signify? 2. How does
_venial_ compare with _pardonable_? 3. How does _excusable_ differ from
the above words? 4. What very different word is sometimes confounded
with _venial_?
EXAMPLES.
Theft on the part of a starving man is one of the most ---- of
offenses.
Under all the circumstances, the error was ----.
* * * * *
VERACITY (page 367).
QUESTIONS.
1. Do _truth_ and _verity_ apply to thought and speech or to persons? 2.
To what does _veracity_ apply? _truthfulness_? 3. Into what two classes
may the words in this group of synonyms be divided, and what words will
be found in each class?
EXAMPLES.
On a certain confidence in the ---- of mankind is founded so much of
the knowledge on which we constantly depend, that, without it, the
whole system of human things would go into confusion.
If all the world and love were young,
And ---- in every shepherd's tongue,
These pretty pleasures might me move
To live with thee and be thy love.
* * * * *
VIRTUE (page 370).
QUESTIONS.
1. What is the prominent idea in _virtue_? 2. How does _goodness_ differ
from _virtue_? 3. Of what relations are _honesty_ and _probity_ used? 4.
How is _honesty_ used in a sense higher than the commercial? 5. What, in
the full sense, is _integrity_? 6. What is _honor_? 7. What is _purity_?
_duty_? 8. What do _rectitude_ and _righteousness_ denote? 9. To what
does _uprightness_ especially refer? 10. What is _virtuousness_?
EXAMPLES.
---- is the fruit of exertion; it supposes conquest of temptation.
In seeing that a thing is right, we see at the same time that it is
our ---- to do it.
It is true that ---- is the best policy; but if this be the motive
of honest dealing, there is no real ----.
Where is that chastity of ---- that felt a stain like a wound?
INDEX.
_abandon_, 1
" _renounce_, 309
" _surrender_, 349
abandoned, _addicted_, 19
_abase_, 2
_abash_, 3
_abate_, 3
" _abolish_, 6
" _alleviate_, 33
_abbreviation_, 4
" _abridgment_, 7
abdicate, _abandon_, 1
aberration, _insanity_, 221
_abet_, 4
" _help_, 195
abetter, _accessory_, 13
abettor, _accessory_, 13
_abhor_, 5
abhorrence, _abomination_, 7
" _antipathy_, 48
" _hatred_, 193
_abide_, 5
" _endure_, 150
abiding, _permanent_, 269
ability, _power_, 279
abject, _pitiful_, 273
abjure, _abandon_, 1
" _renounce_, 309
able, _adequate_, 21
" _clever_, 109
" _sagacious_, 322
abode, _home_, 201
_abolish_, 6
" _cancel_, 92
abominable, _criminal_, 120
abominate, _abhor_, 5
_abomination_, 7
aboriginal, _primeval_, 287
abortive, _vain_, 364
abounding, _plentiful_, 276
aboveboard, _candid_, 93
abridge, _restrain_, 315
_abridgment_, 7
" _abbreviation_, 4
abrogate, _abolish_, 6
" _cancel_, 92
abrupt, _bluff_, 83
" _steep_, 342
absent, _abstracted_, 11
absent-minded, _abstracted_, 11
_absolute_, 8
" _infinite_, 216
" _perfect_, 268
" _pure_, 296
absolution, _pardon_, 262
_absolve_, 9
" _pardon_, 262
_absorb_, 9
absorbed, _abstracted_, 11
abstain, _cease_, 98
abstemiousness, _abstinence_, 10
_abstinence_, 10
_abstract_, _v._, 10
abstract, _n._, _abridgment_, 7
_abstracted_, 11
abstruse, _complex_, 112
" _mysterious_, 247
" _obscure_, 255
_absurd_, 11
" _incongruous_, 214
abundant, _large_, 229
" _plentiful_, 276
_abuse_, 12
" _abomination_, 7
abutting, _adjacent_, 22
accede, _agree_, 25
accelerate, _quicken_, 297
accept, _agree_, 25
" _assume_, 61
" _confess_, 114
acceptable, _delightful_, 126
accepted, _authentic_, 67
access, _entrance_, 154
accessible, _friendly_, 178
accession, _entrance_, 154
accessory, _a._, _auxiliary_, 67
_accessory_, _n._, 13
" _appendage_, 53
_accident_, 14
" _hazard_, 194
acclaim, _praise_, 280
acclamation, _praise_, 280
accompaniment, _appendage_, 53
" _circumstance_, 105
accompany, _follow_, 174
accomplice, _accessory_, 13
" _associate_, 60
accomplish, _attain_, 64
" _do_, 135
" _transact_, 360
accomplished, _polite_, 277
" _skilful_, 335
accomplishment, _act_, 16
" _end_, _n._, 148
accord, _v._, _agree_, 25
accord, _n._, _harmony_, 191
accordance, _harmony_, 191
accordingly, _therefore_, 355
accost, _address_, _v._, 19
account, _v._, _calculate_, 90
account, _n._, _history_, 200
" _reason_, _n._, 302
" _record_, 304
" _report_, 311
" _story_, 343
accountability, _duty_, 142
accouterments, _arms_, 55
" _caparison_, 93
accredited, _authentic_, 67
accumulate, _amass_, 38
accurate, _perfect_, 268
accuse, _arraign_, 56
accustomed, _addicted_, 19
" _usual_, 362
acerb, _bitter_, 81
acerbity, _acrimony_, 15
acetous, _bitter_, 81
ache, _pain_, 261
achieve, _attain_, 64
" _do_, 135
" _get_, 183
" _succeed_, 346
achievement, _act_, 16
" _career_, 95
" _end_, _n._, 148
" _victory_, 369
" _work_, 374
acid, _bitter_, 81
acidulated, _bitter_, 81
acidulous, _bitter_, 81
acknowledge, _avow_, 69
" _confess_, 114
acknowledgment, _apology_, 51
_acquaintance_, 15
" _knowledge_, 227
acquiesce, _agree_, 25
acquire, _attain_, 64
" _get_, 183
" _purchase_, 295
acquit, _absolve_, 9
" _pardon_, 262
acquittal, _pardon_, 262
acrid, _bitter_, 81
acrimonious, _bitter_, 81
" _morose_, 245
_acrimony_, 15
" _enmity_, 152
act, _v._, _transact_, 360
_act_, _n._, 16
" _exercise_, 162
" _motion_, 245
" _transaction_, 360
action, _act_, 16
" _battle_, 74
" _behavior_, 79
" _exercise_, 162
" _motion_, 245
" _operation_, 258
" _transaction_, 360
" _work_, 374
_active_, 17
" _alert_, 28
" _alive_, 30
" _industrious_, 215
" _nimble_, 253
activity, _exercise_, 162
actor, _agent_, 24
" _cause_, 98
actual, _real_, 301
actualize, _do_, 135
actuate, _influence_, 217
_acumen_, 18
acute, _astute_, 62
" _sagacious_, 322
acuteness, _acumen_, 18
adage, _proverb_, 293
adapted, _adequate_, 21
_add_, 18
addendum, _appendage_, 53
_addicted_, 19
addition, _appendage_, 53
_address_, _v._, 19
_address_, _n._, 20
" _speech_, 339
adduce, _allege_, 31
adept, _skilful_, 335
_adequate_, 21
" _plentiful_, 276
adherence, _attachment_, 63
_adherent_, 21
adhesion, _attachment_, 63
_adhesive_, 22
adieu, _farewell_, 168
adit, _entrance_, 154
_adjacent_, 22
adjoin, _add_, 18
adjoining, _adjacent_, 22
adjunct, _appendage_, 53
adjuration, _oath_, 254
administer, _execute_, 161
admiration, _amazement_, 39
_admire_, 23
admission, _entrance_, 154
admit, _agree_, 25
" _allow_, 35
" _avow_, 69
" _confess_, 114
admittance, _entrance_, 154
admixture, _alloy_, 36
admonish, _reprove_, 312
admonition, _reproof_, 311
adolescent, _youthful_, 375
adoration, _veneration_, 366
adore, _admire_, 23
" _venerate_, 366
_adorn_, 23
adroit, _clever_, 109
" _skilful_, 335
adroitness, _address_, _n._, 20
" _dexterity_, 129
adulation, _praise_, 280
adulteration, _alloy_, 36
advance, _v._, _allege_, 31
" _amend_, 41
" _promote_, 291
" _quicken_, 297
advance, _n._, _progress_, 289
advancement, _progress_, 289
advantage, _profit_, 288
" _utility_, 363
" _victory_, 369
adventure, _accident_, 14
adventurous, _brave_, 85
adversary, _enemy_, 151
adversity, _misfortune_, 242
advert, _allude_, 36
advertise, _announce_, 46
advised, _conscious_, 116
advocate, _abet_, 4
" _plead_, 274
aerial, _airy_, 27
affable, _friendly_, 178
affair, _battle_, 74
" _business_, 88
" _transaction_, 360
affect, _assume_, 61
affectation, _hypocrisy_, 204
" _pretense_, 283
affection, _attachment_, 63
" _disease_, 134
" _friendship_, 179
" _love_, 235
affectionate, _friendly_, 178
affidavit, _oath_, 254
" _testimony_, 355
affinity, _analogy_, 43
" _kin_, 227
affirm, _allege_, 31
" _state_, 341
affirmation, _testimony_, 355
afflict, _chasten_, 103
affliction, _grief_, 187
" _misfortune_, 242
affix, _add_, 18
affluent, _plentiful_, 276
afford, _endure_, 150
affray, _feud_, 170
affright, _n._, _alarm_, 28
" _fear_, 168
affright, _v._, _frighten_, 180
_affront_, 24
age, _time_, 356
aged, _old_, 257
agency, _operation_, 258
_agent_, 24
" _cause_, 98
aggravate, _affront_, 24
aggregate, _amass_, 38
aggression, _attack_, _n._, 64
aggrieve, _abuse_, 12
agile, _active_, 17
" _nimble_, 253
agitate, _shake_, 330
agitation, _storm_, 343
agnomen, _name_, 247
agnostic, _skeptic_, 334
agony, _pain_, 261
_agree_, 25
agreeable, _amiable_, 42
" _comfortable_, 110
" _delightful_, 126
" _pleasant_, 275
agreement, _contract_, 118
" _harmony_, 191
agricultural, _rustic_, 321
_agriculture_, 25
aid, _v._, _abet_, 4
" _promote_, 291
aid, _n._, _adherent_, 21
" _auxiliary_, 67
" _help_, 195
" _subsidy_, 345
aider, _adherent_, 21
ailment, _disease_, 134
_aim_, 26
" _design_, 128
" _direction_, 132
" _reason_, _n._, 302
_air_, 27
" _pretense_, 283
_airy_, 27
akin, _alike_, 30
_alarm_, 28
" _frighten_, 180
alarming, _awful_, 70
_alert_, 28
" _active_, 17
" _alive_, 30
" _nimble_, 253
" _vigilant_, 369
_alien_, _a._ & _n._, 29
alienate, _surrender_, 349
alienation, _insanity_, 221
_alike_, 30
" _synonymous_, 349
aliment, _food_, 175
_alive_, 30
all, _every_, 158
_allay_, 31
_allege_, 31
" _state_, 341
_allegiance_, 32
_allegory_, 33
" _fiction_, 170
_alleviate_, 33
" _allay_, 31
alley, _way_, 372
_alliance_, 34
" _association_, 60
" _kin_, 227
_allot_, 34
" _apportion_, 54
_allow_, 35
" _confess_, 114
" _endure_, 150
allowance, _pay_, 266
" _permission_, 269
" _subsidy_, 345
_alloy_, 36
_allude_, 36
_allure_, 37
" _draw_, 138
" _persuade_, 271
ally, _n._, _accessory_, 13
" _adherent_, 21
" _associate_, 60
" _auxiliary_, 67
almsgiving, _benevolence_, 80
_also_, 37
alter, _change_, _v._, 100
alteration, _change_, _n._, 101
_alternative_, 38
altho, _notwithstanding_, _conj._, 254
_amass_, 38
_amateur_, 39
_amazement_, 39
" _perplexity_, 270
ambiguous, _equivocal_, 155
" _obscure_, 255
_ambition_, 40
ameliorate, _amend_, 41
amenable, _docile_, 136
_amend_, 41
_amiable_, 42
amicable, _friendly_, 178
_amid_, 42
amidst, _amid_, 42
amity, _friendship_, 179
" _harmony_, 191
amnesty, _pardon_, 262
among, _amid_, 42
amongst, _amid_, 42
ample, _large_, 229
" _plentiful_, 276
_amplify_, 43
" _add_, 18
amuse, _entertain_, 152
amusement, _entertainment_, 153
analogous, _alike_, 30
_analogy_, 43
analysis, _abridgment_, 7
anarchism, _socialism_, 338
anarchy, _revolution_, 317
anathema, _oath_, 254
ancient, _antique_, 48
" _obsolete_, 256
" _old_, 257
" _primeval_, 287
and, _but_, 89
anecdote, _story_, 343
_anger_, 44
" _hatred_, 193
anguish, _anxiety_, 49
" _pain_, 261
animadversion, _reproof_, 311
animal, _a._, _brutish_, 87
_animal_, _n._, 45
animate, _alive_, 30
animated, _airy_, 27
" _alive_, 30
" _eager_, 142
animosity, _anger_, 44
" _enmity_, 152
" _feud_, 170
" _hatred_, 193
annals, _history_, 200
annex, _add_, 18
annihilate, _abolish_, 6
" _exterminate_, 163
annotation, _remark_, 308
_announce_, 46
" _speak_, 339
annoy, _affront_, 24
annoyance, _abomination_, 7
annul, _abolish_, 6
" _cancel_, 92
anomalous, _absurd_, 11
" _queer_, 297
_answer_, 46
antagonism, _antipathy_, 48
" _enmity_, 152
antagonist, _enemy_, 151
antecedent, _a._, _previous_, 285
antecedent, _n._, _cause_, 98
" _precedent_, 282
antepast, _anticipation_, 48
anterior, _previous_, 285
_anticipate_, 47
" _abide_, 5
" _prevent_, 284
_anticipation_, 48
_antipathy_, 48
" _hatred_, 193
antiquated, _antique_, 48
" _obsolete_, 256
" _old_, 257
_antique_, 48
" _old_, 257
_anxiety_, 49
" _care_, 94
anxious, _eager_, 142
any, _every_, 158
_apathy_, 50
" _stupidity_, 344
" _stupor_, 344
aphorism, _proverb_, 293
_apiece_, 51
apocalypse, _revelation_, 316
apologize for, _palliate_, 261
apologue, _fiction_, 170
_apology_, 51
" _defense_, 123
apothegm, _proverb_, 293
appal, _frighten_, 180
appalling, _awful_, 70
apparatus, _tool_, 358
apparel, _dress_, 140
_apparent_, 52
" _clear_, 107
" _evident_, 159
appeal, _address_, _v._, 19
_appear_, 52
appearance _or_ semblance of, have, _appear_, 52
appearance, _air_, 27
appease, _allay_, 31
appellation, _name_, 247
append, _add_, 18
_appendage_, 53
appendix, _appendage_, 53
appetency, _appetite_, 54
" _desire_, 128
_appetite_, 54
" _desire_, 128
applaud, _admire_, 23
applause, _praise_, 280
appliance, _tool_, 358
application, _exercise_, 162
" _industry_, 216
appoint, _allot_, 34
" _apportion_, 54
_apportion_, 54
" _allot_, 34
appreciate, _esteem_, _v._, 156
apprehend, _anticipate_, 47
" _arrest_, 57
" _catch_, 97
" _perceive_, 267
apprehension, _alarm_, 28
" _anticipation_, 48
" _anxiety_, 49
" _fear_, 168
" _idea_, 206
" _knowledge_, 227
apprised, _conscious_, 116
approach, _address_, _v._, 19
approach, _n._, _approximation_, 55
" _entrance_, 154
approbation, _praise_, 280
appropriate, _abstract_, 10
" _apportion_, 54
" _assume_, 61
approval, _praise_, 280
approve, _admire_, 25
" _agree_, 25
_approximation_, 55
appurtenance, _appendage_, 53
apostrophize, _address_, _v._, 19
a priori, _transcendental_, 361
apt, _clever_, 109
" _likely_, 232
" _sagacious_, 322
" _skilful_, 335
aptitude, _dexterity_, 129
" _power_, 279
arbiter, _judge_, 224
arbitrary, _absolute_, 8
arbitrate, _interpose_, 222
arbitrator, _judge_, 224
archaic, _obsolete_, 256
archetype, _example_, 160
" _idea_, 206
" _ideal_, 206
" _model_, 243
archive, _record_, 304
archives, _history_, 200
ardent, _eager_, 142
ardor, _enthusiasm_, 153
arduous, _difficult_, 132
argue, _plead_, 274
" _reason_, _v._, 302
argument, _reason_, _n._, 302
" _reasoning_, 303
argumentation, _reasoning_, 303
arise, _rise_, 319
arising, _beginning_, 78
armament, _army_, 56
armor, _arms_, 55
_arms_, 55
_army_, 56
" _array_, 57
_arraign_, 56
arrangement, _array_, 57
" _contract_, 118
_array_, 57
" _army_, 56
" _dress_, 140
_arrest_, 57
" _obstruct_, 257
arrive, _attain_, 64
" _reach_, 300
arrogance, _assurance_, 61
" _pride_, 286
arrogant, _absolute_, 8
" _dogmatic_, 137
arrogate, _assume_, 61
art, _artifice_, 58
" _business_, 88
" _science_, 325
article, _term_, 354
article of belief, _doctrine_, 136
" of faith, _doctrine_, 136
articulate, _speak_, 339
_artifice_, 58
" _fraud_, 177
artificer, _artist_, 58
artisan, _artist_, 58
_artist_, 58
artistic, _tasteful_, 352
artless, _candid_, 93
" _rustic_, 321
as, _because_, 77
ascend, _rise_, 319
ascertain, _discover_, 133
ascribe, _attribute_, _v._, 65
ashes, _body_, 84
_ask_, 59
" _plead_, 274
" _pray_, 281
asperity, _acrimony_, 15
asperse, _slander_, 336
asphyxia, _stupor_, 344
aspiration, _aim_, 26
" _ambition_, 40
" _desire_, 128
assail, _attack_, _v._, 63
assassinate, _kill_, 226
assault, _v._, _attack_, _v._, 63
assault, _n._, _attack_, _n._, 64
assemblage, _company_, 110
assemble, _convoke_, 120
assembly, _company_, 110
assent, _v._, _agree_, 25
assent, _n._, _faith_, 164
assert, _allege_, 31
" _state_, 341
assertion, _assurance_, 61
asseverate, _allege_, 31
" _state_, 341
assiduity, _industry_, 216
assiduous, _industrious_, 215