page 107.
_Acroterion_, A.
_Ægis_, a breastplate adorned with the head of a Gorgon and a
fringe of serpents, an attribute of Zeus and Athena.
_Agora_, market-place.
_Amphictyony_, neighbouring states grouped in a religious union.
_Amphiprostyle_, a building with columned porch at both ends.
_Aniconic_, without images, an early stage of religion.
_Anthropomorphism_, the religious habit of representing gods as
men.
_Architrave_, A.
_Archon_, a ruler or magistrate; a board of nine at Athens.
_Aretē_, virtue; strictly, the quality of a man.
_Aulētris_, female player on the clarinets.
Βασιλεἴς, kings or chiefs.
_Caduceus_, the snake-wreathed wand carried by Hermes.
_Caryatid_, a column carved to represent a maiden.
_Cella_, the nave or main chamber of a temple.
_Chiton_, a tunic fastened on the left shoulder.
_Chlamys_, a short mantle worn by Spartans and soldiers.
_Chthonic animism_, worship of subterranean spirits, generally
including cult of the dead and of the reproductive powers of
Nature.
_Choregus_, the man who equipped a chorus for a stage play;
generally a man of wealth on whom this duty was laid as a sort of
tax.
_Chryselephantine_, made of gold and ivory.
_Decadrachm_, a coin of ten drachms (francs).
_Deme_, a parish.
_Dōma_, house-place, resembling the medieval hall.
_Ecclesia_, the Athenian assembly.
_Echinus_, A.
_Entablature_, that part of a classical building which rests upon
the columns and supports the roof; it includes architrave and
frieze.
_Entasis_, a system of optical correction employed in Greek
architecture (see page 161).
_Ephebus_, a youth of about eighteen.
_Ephorate_, the board of “overseers” at Sparta.
ἦθος, character, spiritual quality.
_Gerousia_ }
_Gerontes_ } Senate and senators of Sparta.
_Guttæ_, A.
_Harmosts_, Spartan governors of conquered cities.
_Hegemony_, leadership, undefined suzerainty.
_Hexastyle_, with six columns.
_Hierophant_, a priest of the mysteries.
_Hoplites_, heavy armed infantry.
_In antis_, columns at the end of a building, between the ends of
the side walls produced, are said to be in antis.
_Iconic_, with images, a stage of religious worship.
_Kuanos_, a blue transparent paste, resembling glass.
_Kylix_, a goblet.
_Lecythus_, oil-jar, a certain shape of Greek pottery.
_Liturgy_, a public duty imposed as a tax upon the rich.
_Megaron_, hall.
_Metopes_, A.
_Palæstra_, wrestling-ground.
_Parabasis_, an ode sung by the chorus in Greek drama at their
entrance on the stage.
_Peplos_, a long female robe or mantle.
_Perioikoi_, neighbours, the second class in the Spartan caste
system.
_Peripteral_, surrounded with colonnades.
_Peristyle_, the colonnades surrounding a building.
_Pictographic script_, a form of writing in which the symbols are
rudimentary pictures.
_Pnyx_, a hill at Athens, where the Assembly met.
_Prodomos_, fore-court.
_Satrap_, a Persian viceroy.
_Skolion_, a drinking-song in which the guests took part in turns.
_Stasis_, civil strife, party-feeling, treason.
_Stēlē_, a monument in the form of an erect slab, a gravestone.
_Strategoi_, generals, an Athenian magistracy.
_Strigil_, an instrument used by athletes for scraping off the oil
and sand of the palæstra.
_Stylobate_, the floor from which the columns rise (A).
_Telos_, goal or end in view.
_Thalamos_, inner chamber, bed-chamber of the master of the house.
_Thalassocracy_, maritime supremacy.
_Tholos_, a vault or dome, any round building.
_Triglyphs_, A.
_Xoanon_, an image mainly in the form of a tree-trunk.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
[The following list of books will serve two purposes, as a guide to the
reader who wishes to inquire further on any special point, and as an
acknowledgment of some of the obligations of the writer. Only works in
English are here included.]
_General Histories of Greece_
BURY, PROFESSOR J. B. A History of Greece. Macmillan.
The most up-to-date “student’s history”; copiously illustrated; a
storehouse of facts in narrow compass.
GROTE, G. History of Greece. From the Earliest Times to the Death of
Alexander. 10 vols. Murray.
HOLM, ADOLF. The History of Greece from its Commencement to the Close of
the Independence of the Greek Nation. Translated by F. Clarke. 4 vols.
Macmillan.
Short chapters with elaborate notes, written from a liberal and
sympathetic point of view.
_Special Works on the Early Periods_
BURROWS, PROFESSOR R. M. The Discoveries in Crete and their Bearing on
the History of Ancient Civilisation. Murray.
EVANS, SIR ARTHUR. Principal work of, is to be found in the Annuals of
the British School at Athens. Macmillan.
GRUNDY, DR. G. B. The Great Persian War and its Preliminaries. A Study
of the Evidence, Literary and Topographical. Murray.
LANG, ANDREW. Homer and his Age. Longmans.
MOSSO, ANGELO. The Palaces of Crete and their Builders. Fisher Unwin.
MURRAY, PROFESSOR GILBERT. The Rise of the Greek Epic. Clarendon Press.
RIDGEWAY, PROFESSOR W. The Early Age of Greece. 2 vols. Cambridge
University Press.
---- Minos the Destroyer rather than the Creator of the so-called Minoan
Culture of Cnossos. (A lecture delivered before the British Academy, May
26, 1909.)
_Politics_
BARKER, E. The Political Thought of Plato and Aristotle. Methuen.
FOWLER, W. WARDE. The City State of the Greeks and Romans. Macmillan.
GREENIDGE, A. H. J. A Handbook of Greek Constitutional History.
Macmillan.
WHIBLEY, L. Greek Oligarchies: their Organisation and Character.
Methuen.
---- Political Parties in Athens during the Peloponnesian War. Prince
Consort Dissertation. 1888. Cambridge University Press.
_Mythology and Religion_
FARNELL, L. R. The Cults of the Greek States. 5 vols. Clarendon Press.
FRAZER, J. G. Adonis, Attis, Osiris. Macmillan.
HARRISON, JANE E., and VERRALL, M. DE G. Mythology and Monuments of
Ancient Athens. 1890.
LAWSON, J. C. Modern Greek Folklore and Ancient Greek Religion.
Cambridge University Press.
REINACH, SALOMON. Orpheus. A General History of Religions. Heinemann.
_Sculpture and Art_
GARDNER, PROFESSOR E. A. A Handbook of Greek Sculpture. New Edition,
with Appendix. In two Parts; Appendix separately. Macmillan.
JONES, H. STUART. Select Passages from Ancient Writers, Illustrative of
the History of Greek Sculpture. Macmillan.
MURRAY, A. S. A Handbook of Greek Archæology. Murray.
PERROT AND CHIPIEZ. History of Art in Primitive Greece. 2 vols. Chapman
and Hall.
WALDSTEIN, CHARLES. Essays on the Art of Pheidias. Cambridge University
Press.
WALTERS, H. B. Greek Art. Methuen.
---- The Art of the Greeks. Methuen.
_Coinage_
HEAD, B. V. Historia Numorum. A Manual of Greek Numismatics. Clarendon
Press.
HILL, G. F. Greek and Roman Coins. Macmillan.
_Bronzes_
MURRAY, A. S. Greek Bronzes. Seeley.
British Museum Catalogue.
_Vases_
British Museum Catalogues: Greek and Etruscan, White Athenian Vases.
_Literature_
JEBB, SIR RICHARD. A Primer of Greek Literature. Macmillan.
JEVONS, F. B. A History of Greek Literature from the Earliest Period to
the Death of Demosthenes. Griffin.
_Topography, Social Life, &c._
BAEDEKER’S Greece. Fisher Unwin.
BECKER, W. A. Charicles: or, Illustrations of the Private Life of the
Ancient Greeks. Translated by the Rev. F. Metcalfe. Longmans.
FRAZER, J. G. Pausanias’ Description of Greece. 6 vols. Macmillan.
FREEMAN, K. J. Schools of Hellas. Macmillan.
GARDINER, E. NORMAN. Greek Athletic Sports and Festivals. Macmillan.
INDEX
Academy, the, 253
Acanthus, the, 226
Accents, Greek system of, 248
Achæan League, the, 237, 245
Achæans, the, from the North, 37;
and Homer, 40-42
Achaia, a Roman province, 261
Achilles, worship of, 41;
the Shield of, 42-47
Acragas, temple at, 130;
Telamones of, 166
Acrocorinthus, 7
Acropolis, the, 7, 95, 96, 102, 138, 157;
its architecture, 163-165
Actors, 174
Acusilaus, 78
Admetus, 179
Adonis, 190, 251
Adultery in Sparta, 90
Ægean civilisation, 16;
culture, 17 _et seq._;
decay, 31;
art, 32 _et seq._;
dress of warriors, 38;
worship, 65
Ægean Sea, 15
Ægeus, 15, 165
Ægina, commerce, 127;
war with, 135;
pedimental figures from, 147
Ægis, the, 95
Ægospotami, 144
Æolians, the, 42
Æschylus at court of Hiero, 113, 129;
and the Oriental host, 136;
the drama of, 174;
the “Persæ,” 176;
the poet of Marathon, 177;
number of plays, 182;
in the “Frogs” of Aristophanes, 184
Æsculapius, 70
Ætolian League, 237
Agamemnon, tomb of, 13, 29;
worship of, 41;
in the Iliad, 49, 58;
in tragedy, 181
Agariste, 109
Agathocles, 250
Agathon, 227, 239
Agelâdas of Argos, 147
Agesilaus, King of Sparta, 81, 85, 200, 228, 241
Agias (statue), 169, 218
Agis, King of Sparta, 85, 93
Agora, the, 167
_Aidōs_, 10, 137, 187
Ajax, 147, 176
Alaric the Goth, 170, 262
Alcæus, 119, 121
Alcamenes, 70, 159
“Alcestis” of Euripides, 179
Alcibiades, 78, 99, 144, 146, 170, 195, 196
Alcinous, 48
Alcmæonids, the, 99, 115, 116
Alcman, 88, 104
Alexander the Great, career of, 11;
romantic, 180;
Agesilaus and, 201;
Lysippus sculptor to, 218;
and the temple at Ephesus, 221;
portraiture on coinage, 226;
Macedon under, 237, 241-245;
in art, 245-247
Alexandria, 243;
laid out by Greek architects, 247;
commerce, 247;
the greatest city, 247;
library of, 248;
culture, 248;
the Museum, 248;
and poetry, 249
Amazons, battle of (sculpture), 222
Amen-Ra, 251
Ammon, 243
Amphictyons, 72
Amphidamas, 63, 76
Amphipolis, 240
Anacreon, 113, 121, 122, 129
Anaxagoras, 145, 146
Anaximander, 122
Ancestor-worship, 30, 34, 50
Andromache, 55, 59
Animal deities, 65
“Answerers,” 174
Antenor’s “Harmodius and Aristogeiton,” 115
Anthela, 72
Anthropomorphic religion, 67
Antigone, 176, 178
Antioch, 251
Antiochus the Great, 116
Antiphon, 229
Anytus, 232
Apelles, 213, 223, 242, 245
Aphaia, temple of, Ægina, 147
Aphrodite in Homer, 50;
worship of, in Corinth, 108;
on the Parthenon frieze, 155;
in fourth-century art, 211;
the Cnidian Aphrodite, 213, 214;
in Alexandria, 251;
Aphrodite of Melos, 251
Apollo, the coming of, 65-74;
the Apollo Belvedere, 71;
Apollo of Delos, 112;
on the Parthenon frieze, 155;
temple of Phigaleia, 169;
statue at Delphi, 169;
and Orestes in drama, 181;
in fourth-century art, 211;
Apollo Sauroctonos, 217;
Palatine Apollo, 218;
and Niobe, 222;
“Apollo and Marsyas,” 216
Apollonius the Rhodian, 249
Apoxyomenus, 81, 218
Arcadians, the, 206, 207
Arcady, 167
Archelaus, 239
Archilochus, 104, 121, 122
Archimedes, 248
Architecture, prehistoric, 24;
Doric, 106;
temples, 161;
the Parthenon, 161-163;
the Acropolis, 163, 165;
the Erechtheum, 165-167;
other Athenian buildings, 167-168;
other Greek buildings, 168-171;
fourth-century, 226;
the Corinthian order 226;
Græco-Roman, 263
_Archons_, 117
Areian Hill, 117
Areopagus, Solon and the, 100;
its powers, 117;
its influence, 133;
under democracy, 141;
power taken away by Pericles, 142;
meeting-place, 167
Ares, 77, 154;
the Ludovisi, 220
Arethusa, 131;
coins, 225
Arginusæ, 195, 232
Argives, the, 109
Argonautic expedition of Jason, 249
Argos, 28, 109, 245
Ariadne, 15
Arion, 122, 173
Aristarchus, the Father of Criticism, 248
Aristeides, 135, 140, 141
Aristion, stēlē of, 114
Aristocracies, 86, 119, 145, 256
Aristogeiton, 115, 180
Aristophanes and “the Harmodius,” 116;
champions the hoplites, 140;
and Cleon, 144;
and liberty of speech, 145;
and Pheidias, 157;
humour of, 183
Aristotle on Spartan government, 86;
on tragedy, 181;
and state payment, 197;
his greatness and birth, 253;
disciple of Plato, 253;
teacher of Alexander, 253;
his writings, 254;
“The Politics,” 255;
his influence, 261
Arnold’s, Matthew, “Thyrsis,” 250
Art, Greek, its perfection, 10, 103;
qualities, 56;
the cults and, 103;
simplicity, 153, 162;
subordination of the artist, 158;
in the fourth century, 208;
continuance and decadence, 262-263;
Græco-Roman, 265;
perishes from vulgarity, 266
Artaphernes, 134
Artaxerxes, 201, 204
Artemis, 202, 222;
of Brauron, 99, 165;
temple of, at Ephesus, 221;
“Artemis and Apollo,” by Praxiteles, 216
Artemisia, wife of Mausolus, 221
Ascra, 62
Ashtaroth, 108
Asia, 244
Aspasia, 146
Athena, statue of, at Troy, 54;
Pallas Athena, 51, 94;
birth and worship, 94;
Northern origin, 95;
an Achæan goddess, 95, 102;
hoplite goddess, 95;
and the name of Athens, 95;
gift of olive-tree, 97;
origin of Athena, 99;
and Erechtheus, 102;
shrine and image, 102, 165, 166;
Athena Parthenos, 148, 156;
in Parthenon sculptures, 151, 152, 154;
statues of, 157;
the Mourning Athena, 160, 192;
Athena Promachos, 102, 165;
Athena the Crafts-woman, 165;
Athena type of coins, 225;
Athena and Marsyas, 165
Athenian drama, 172
Athenian mysteries, 98
Athens and the sea, 6;
and silver-mines, 6;
the state, 9;
pays tribute to Minos, 16;
occupations of the Athenians, 40;
Pallas Athena and, 95;
Theseus and, 97;
agricultural, 97, 98;
Eupatridæ, 97;
democracy, 97;
religious customs, 98;
law-giving, 99;
Homer and, 102;
and the tyrants, 104, 115;
Peisistratus and, 110;
police, 111;
state cults, 111;
freedom of, 115;
government, 116;
the rise of, 132;
attacks by Medes and Persians, 134-140;
and a navy, 135;
Athenian civilisation, 140;
a democratic city-state, 140;
Athenian empire, 141;
Pericles and liberty, 142;
conflict with Sparta, 143;
Peloponnesian War, 143;
capitulates, 144;
freedom in, 145;
Pericles’ ideal, 146;
Pericles’ Athens, 150;
the Long Walls, 163, 195, 198;
buildings of, 167;
aristocracy, 172;
downfall and restoration, 194;
popular government, 195, 197;
oligarchy, 196;
the Thirty Tyrants, 197;
finance, 198;
fourth-century Athens, 209;
coinage, 225;
legal system, 229;
rebellion against aliens, 238;
and Macedon, 240;
oppressions, 244;
enslaved by Demetrius, 252;
her philosophers, 252;
and Aristotle, 253;
“Polity of Athens,” 255;
intellectual life of the third century, 258;
self-government under the Romans, 261;
schools of philosophy, 261;
Frankish dukes, 262.
_See also_ Attica.
Athens and Sparta, 40, 83, 94, 195, 206, 231
Athletics, Greek, antiquity of, 74, 76;
religious significance, 74, 75, 76;
a modernised programme of sports, 74;
Pythian Games, 76;
Olympian Games, 76, 78;
nature of the contests, 77;
sacrifice and ritual, 77;
the competitors, 77;
the judges, 77;
the prize and honours, 78;
discreditable practices, 78;
anecdotes of Pausanias, 78;
Euripides’ tirade against, 79;
inspires sculpture, 80;
nudity, 81
Atreus, 181
Attalids, 251
Attalus, 238
Attica and Northern invasion, 96;
a city-state, 97, 111;
the older worship of, 98
Attica, plain of, 9
Augustus and Alexander the Great, 242
_Aule_, 59
Aulis, 63
Autocracy, civilisation and, 32
Babylon, 241
Bacchiads, the, 104
Bacchylides, 113, 129
Bacon, 261
“Basileis,” 104
Basileus, 47
Bassæ, temple at, 169, 226
Beauty, Hellenism and, 4
Bentley, Richard, 129
Bias of Priene, 101, 122
Bion, 250
Black Sea, the, 110
Bœotia, 9, 142
Boethos, 220
Boston Museum, slabs in, 125
Boy Victor (statue), 160
Boy with thorn in foot (statue), 160
Branchidæ figures, 54
Brasidas, 93, 229
Breathings and accents, Greek, 248
British Museum, Elgin Marbles, 151, 164, 166;
Strangford Shield, 156;
frieze from Phigaleia, 170;
statue of Demeter, &c., 219;
head of Hypnos, 220;
Mausolus, 221;
Tanagra figures, 227;
Head of Alexander, 246;
the Portland Vase, 263
Bronze Age, the, 16, 19, 36
Bronzes, 220
Brunn on the Parthenon figures, 151
Bucchero nero, 18
Bucephalus, 242, 245
Bull, the Farnese (sculpture), 265
Bull-baiting, Cnossian, 25
Burial of the dead, 190
Burke, Edmund, 230
Burrows, Prof., on Minoan drains, 26;
date of the fall of Minoan empire, 38
Butler, Samuel, on Homer, 58
Byron, Lord, 262;
on Anacreon, 113
Calamis, 159
Callimachus, 166, 226, 249
Callinus, 122
Calydonian boar-hunt, 218
Cameo-engraving, 263
Candahar, 243
Capitoline Gallery, 214
Carcinus, 187
Caria, 221, 237
Carneades, 259
Carrara marble, 147
Carrey’s Parthenon drawings, 150
Carthage, 129
Carthaginian invaders of Sicily, 250
Caryatids, 131, 166
Cassandra, 58
Cat, the, 193
Catabasis, the, 202
Cato, 259
Cave of Pan, 168
Caves as dwellings, 18
Cecropia, 95
Cecrops, 96, 166
Cephisodotus, 213
Cerameikos cemetery, 192
“Cerberus, sop to,” 189
Chæroneia, 238, 241
Chalcidian peninsulas, 240
Chalcis, 63
Chariot-races, 78
Charioteer, the long-robed (statue), 81, 169
Charon, 189
Charondas of Catane, 73, 128
Cheirisophos, 201
Child-birth, goddess of, 98
Children, Spartan, 91
Chios, 142
Chorus, the, 173, 182
Christianity and Stoicism, 257, 261
Chronology, system of, 249
Chryseis, 58
Cicero, 128, 230
Cinadon, conspiracy of, 200
Cithara, 68, 224
City-state, the, 7, 10, 206, 238;
and patriotism, 145;
the ideal, 255, 257
Civilisation, prehistoric, 18
Classicism, “Greek” and, 2
Clearchus, 201
Cleisthenes, 99, 109, 116, 117, 133
Cleombrotus, 85, 205
Cleomenes, 85
Cleomenes III., 239
Cleon, 144, 160, 183, 187
Cleonymus, 186
Clytæmnestra, 58, 181
Cnidos, 213
Cnossos, 16, 20 _et seq._;
destruction of, 31;
athletics of, 74
Cockerell, C. R., 147
Coins, Sparta and, 89;
Ionian, 123;
of Syracuse, 129, 131, 225;
of Elis, 148;
art of coins, 225;
Athena type, 225;
gold, 225;
Corinthian,
and others, 225, 226;
with portraits of Alexander, 247
Comedy, 173, 183-186
Commerce, Hermes the god of, 68
Common sense of the Greeks, 180
Communism, Platonic, 255
Companions of the King, the (Macedon), 240
Conon, 198, 226
Constantinople Museum, Sidon sarcophagus, 246
Constitution, free, 256;
Mixed, 257;
Mixed, of Sparta, and political science, 86
Constitutional history, contradictions in, 228
Corcyra (Corfu), 105, 108, 137
Corinth and commerce, 105, 127;
art, 105;
and Egypt, 106;
under the Cypselid tyrants, 108;
worship of Aphrodite, 108;
and the Bacchiads, 104;
and the Leagues, 245;
destroyed by the Romans, 261, 263
Corinth, Isthmus of, 137
Corinthian Gulf, the, 7
Corinthian War, the, 203
Cory, Wm. Johnson, 249
Cos, 213
Council of Ten, Spartan, 200
Courtesans of Corinth, 108
Crabbe (Carcinus), 187
Cremation, 189
Creon, 178
Cresilas, 160
Crete, 14 _et seq._;
Stone Age in, 18;
palaces, 24
Cripple, 46
Critias, 197, 232
Criticism, Aristotle and, 254
Crito, 233
Crœsus, King of Lydia, 71, 123
Cronos, 66
Croton, 127
Crown of wild olive, 78
Crusaders, Latin, 262
Cunaxa, 201
Cupbearer frieze, the, 23, 25, 32
Curses, the, 66
Cybele, worship of, 251
Cyclopes, 36
Cylon, 99, 104, 110
Cyme, 62
Cynics, the, 258
Cyprus, 17, 142, 237
Cypselid tyrants, 108
Cypselus, tyrant of Corinth, 104, 105, 109
Cyrus, 72, 123, 201
Cythera, figure found at, 220
Dædalus, 15, 166
“Daimonion,” 232
Damagetus, 78
Damon the musician, 146
Dancing-floors, 173
Daphnis, 250
Dardanelles, the, 136
Darius, 72, 134, 245
Datis, 134
Death, Greek ideas of, 190;
sculpture representing, 126, 220;
according to the Epicureans, 258
Deianira, 176
Deities, names for, 66
Delos, shrine of Apollo, 68;
removal of dead from, 112;
confederacy of, 141
Delphi, shrine of Apollo, 68, 71;
spoils of war, 168;
treasures of, 238
Delphic Amphictyony, 72
Delphic Oracle and priests, 71-73;
and art, 103;
and the Persian invasion, 137;
Lysander and, 200
Demaratus, 137
Demeter, or Mother Earth, an early deity, 66;
shrine of, at Anthela, 72;
Eleusinian mysteries, 98, 190;
Persephone and, 124;
worship of, 170;
Demeter of Cnidos (statue), 219
Demetrius, the Besieger of Cities, 252
Democracy, Spartan, 84;
Athenian, 98, 100, 118, 141, 172, 195, 197;
and the Free Constitution, 256
Democritus, 258
Demosthenes, 194, 229, 230, 240
“Diadumenus,” 81, 159
Diagoras, 78
Diana of the Ephesians, 34, 118;
temple of, 219
Diipolia, 98
Diodorus, 128
Diogenes, 258
Dionysius I. and II., tyrants of Syracuse, 250, 255;
coins, 225
Dionysus on the Parthenon frieze, 154;
in the “Frogs” of Aristophanes, 184;
the drama and festivals of, 112, 173, 184;
theatre of, 168
Dipylon Gate, 168
Dipylon Style, the, 56
“Discobolus,” 80, 159
Dithyramb, the, 106, 113, 173
Dogs on tombstones, 193
_Dōma_, 59
Domestic life in Homer, 58
Dorian Mode in music, 223
Dorians, the, origin of, 38;
dress of warriors, 38;
religious beliefs, 38;
ignored by Homer, 42;
communism, 88;
Apollo, god of the, 69;
Dorian greatness, 70
Doric architecture, 106, 161, 171
Dörpfeld, Dr., 166
“Doryphorus,” 81, 159
Douris, 225
Dracon, 99
Drainage work, Cnossian, 26
Drama, Athenian, 112;
the Greek, 172-187;
as instrument of public education, 172;
“Middle Comedy,” 227;
the New Comedy of manners, 228, 253;
the mime, 250;
“contamination,” 253
Earth, circumference of the, 248
East and West, conflict between, 11
Ecclesia, 116
Education, Spartan, 89;
Platonic, 255
Egypt, Greek learning from, 119;
Athens and the affairs of, 142;
under the Ptolemies, 244.
_See also_ Alexandria
Egyptian influence in Crete, 20, 33
Egyptologists and dates, 17
Eilithuia, 151
Eleatic school of philosophy, 128
Eleusinian mysteries, 34, 98, 170
Eleusinian relief, the (sculpture), 160
Eleusis, the Great Temple of the Mysteries, 170
Eleutheria, 94
Elgin, Lord, and the Parthenon marbles, 151
Elis, citizens of, and Olympian Games, 77;
coins of, 148
Empire and democracy, 11
Empires, Greek, 11
Epaminondas the Theban, 180, 204-208, 240
Ephesus, wealth, &c., 112, 118;
column from, 123;
temple of Artemis, 218, 221;
new temple at, 226
Ephorate, Spartan, 85
Ephorus, 228
Epictetus, 257
Epicureanism, 258
Epicurus, 257, 258
Epidaurus, 104
Epimenides the Cretan, 15, 101
Epinikia, the, 76
Epirus, 245
Eratosthenes, 248
Erechtheum, the, 102, 165-167
Erechtheus, 95, 96, 102, 110, 112
Eretria, 133
Eros, 155, 211;
Eros of Thespiæ, 213, 215;
Eros of Centocelle, 215
Ethics, 235;
of Aristotle, 254;
politics a branch of, 256
Etruscan art, 17
Etruscans, 127
Euænetus, 225
Eubœa, 63, 196
Eubouleus, 190
Eucleides, 197
Euclid, 248
Eugenics, Spartan, 89
Euhemerism, 122
Eumæus, 47
_Eunomia_, 73, 94
Eupatridæ, 97
Euploia, 213
Euripides, against athletes, 79;
the chorus in, 174;
the sceptic and prophet of the new age, 177;
the “Alcestis,” 179;
number of his works, 182;
in the “Frogs” of Aristophanes, 184, 186;
and social problems, 210;
influence on art, 211;
Archelaus and, 239
European civilisation and modern discoveries, 14;
early civilisation, 247
Eurotas, Vale of, 204
Eurymedon, 142
Euxine, the, 202
Evagoras, 238
Evans, Sir Arthur, discoveries of, 17, 24, 25, 30
Fashions (dress), Cnossian, 25
Fates, the, 66, 123, 189
Federal systems, 238
Flagellation, Spartan, 92
Fortresses of Tiryns, &c., 28
Four Hundred, government of the, 196
François Vase, 43, 57
Frere’s, Hookham, translation of Aristophanes, quoted, 184
Frieze of the Parthenon, 153
Funeral customs, 188
Furies, the, 181
Furtwängler, Adolf, 151, 158
Gaia (Earth), 152
Games, the--_see_ Athletics
Gardner, Prof. Ernest, on the Parthenon sculptures, 150, 154
Gauls, the, 238
Gelo of Syracuse, 130, 131, 137, 225
Gem-engraving, 263
Gems, 225
Genius, the rise of, 132;
Greek impersonal genius, 158
Geometric style in art, 56
Gerontes, Spartan, 84
Gerousia, or Senate, 84
Ghost-worship, 66
Glaucus, 79
God, Socrates and, 232
Gods in Homer, 50
Gorgias of Leontini, 230
Gorgon, the, 57
Goths, the, 262
Government of the Greek States, 83, 116;
popular government in Athens, 195;
Platonic government, 255
Græco-Roman art, 265
“Greece,” and “Greek,” ideas conveyed by, 1
Greece, the country, 5;
and the sea, 5;
climate, 7;
scenery, 9;
the Dark Ages, 36;
the earlier civilisation, 74;
government, 116;
invaders of, 262;
its decline, 263
Greece, modern, 261;
War of Independence, 262;
war with Turkey, 262
Greek character, the, 10
Greek culture, its continuing influence, 260
Greek history, new discoveries and, 12
Greek poetry, 53
Greek states, government of the, 83
Greek world, the, under Alexander, 244
Greeks inherently aristocratic, 171;
racial character of modern Greeks, 8
Griffin, the, 58
“Grin, the archaic,” 70
Grundy, Dr. G. B., 138
Gylippus, 93
Hades, 123, 124, 190, 233
Hadrian, Emperor, 111, 261
Hæmon, 178
Halicarnassus, coin, 123;
mausoleum at, 221
Happiness, 258
Harmodius and Aristogeiton, legend of, 115, 180;
statue by Antenor, 115;
“the Harmodius,” 116;
group from Ægina, 147
Harold Hardrada, 262
Harp, the, 39;
and Spartans, 224
Harpies, the, 66, 189
Harpy tomb, 123
Heavenly twins, the, 245