copiously described by several ingenious French writers, particularly
L’Hôte, Saverien, Morogues, Bourdé, and Ozane; who have given accurate
instructions, deduced from experience, for putting it in practice when
occasion requires. As it is not properly a term of the British marine,
a more circumstantial account of it might be considered foreign to our
plan. It has been observed in another part of this work[53], that the
French have generally exhibited greater proofs of taste and judgment
in the sculpture, with which their ships are decorated, than the
English; the same candour and impartiality obliges us to confess their
superior dexterity in this movement.
Footnote 53:
See the article HEAD.
Footnote 54:
Le Blond’s Elements of War.
Footnote 55:
Mr. Robertson, librarian of the Royal Society, favoured the author
with an inspection of several curious remarks concerning the history
of modern navigation; in which it appears, that the most early
discoveries with regard to the magnetical variation were made about
the year 1570. Mr. Robert Norman, from a variety of observations made
by him nearly at that time, ascertains it to have been 11° 15´
easterly, or one point of the compass.
Footnote 56:
Euler. De la Lande.
Footnote 57:
I had often seen water-spouts at a distance, and heard many strange
stories of them, but never knew any thing satisfactory of their nature
or cause, until that which I saw at Antigua; which convinced me that a
water-spout is a whirlwind, which becomes visible in all its
dimensions by the water it carries up with it.
There appeared, not far from the mouth of the harbour of St. John’s,
two or three water-spouts, one of which took its course up the
harbour. Its progressive motion was slow and unequal, not in a strait
line, but as it were by jerks or starts. When just by the wharf, I
stood about 100 yards from it. There appeared in the water a circle of
about twenty yards diameter, which to me had a dreadful though
pleasing appearance. The water in this circle was violently agitated,
being whisked about, and carried up into the air with great rapidity
and noise, and reflected a lustre, as if the sun shined bright on that
spot, which was more conspicuous, as there appeared a dark circle
around it. When it made the shore, it carried up with the same
violence shingles, staves, large pieces of the roofs of houses, &c.
and one small wooden house it lifted entirely from the foundation on
which it stood, and carried it to the distance of fourteen feet, where
it settled without breaking or oversetting; and, what is remarkable,
tho’ the whirlwind moved from west to east, the house moved from east
to west. Two or three negroes and a white woman were killed by the
fall of timber, which it carried up into the air, and dropt again.
After passing through the town, I believe it was soon dissipated; for,
except tearing a large limb from a tree, and part of the cover of a
sugar-work near the town, I do not remember any farther damage done by
it. I conclude, wishing you success in your enquiry, and am, &c.
W. M.
Footnote 58:
The swiftness of the wind in a great storm is not more than 50 or 60
miles in an hour; and a common brisk gale is about 15 miles an hour.
_Robertson’s Navigation._
_SUPPLEMENT_ and _ERRATA_.
A.
_In the article_ ABACK, _line_ 19. _for_ fig. 1. _read_ fig. 14. _and in
line_ 22, _read_ fig. 13.
_After the_ ANCHOR is a cock bill, _read_ à la veille.
AN-END, _debout_, the situation of any mast or boom, when erected
perpendicularly on the plane of the deck, tops, &c. The top-masts are
also said to be an-end when they are hoisted up to their usual station,
at the head of the lower masts, as in fig. 3. plate VI.
_In line_ 24. _page_ 2. _of_ Naval ARCHITECTURE, _dele_ see the article
Elevation, _and line_ 21. _under this in the same page, for_ plate V.
fig. 4. _read_ plate IV. fig. 11.
_In the explanation of the_ pieces of the Hull, _page_ 6. _of_ Naval
ARCHITECTURE, _line_ 31. _for_ sternpost, _read_ dead-wood, _and two
lines lower, for_ sleepers, _read_ knees.
_In line_ 34. _page_ 9. _of the same article, for_ O K, _read_ O _k_.
_Top_-ARMOUR. See the article TOP.
AVAST, the order to stop, or pause in any exercise.
_In the article_ AWEIGH, _after the words_ perpendicular direction,
_read_ as in fig. 6. plate 1.
B.
To BAGPIPE _the Mizen_, is to lay it _aback_, by bringing the sheet to
the mizen shrouds.
BILL, the point or extremity of the fluke of an anchor.
BLOCK AND BLOCK, the situation of a tackle when the two opposite blocks
are drawn close together, so that the mechanical power becomes
destroyed, till the tackle is again _over-hauled_ by drawing the blocks
asunder.
_In the 2d page of the article_ BOAT, _line_ 13. _from the bottom, for_
of framed iron, _read_ framed of iron.
BOLD, an epithet applied to the sea coast, signifying steep, or abrupt,
so as to admit the approach of shipping without exposing them to the
danger of being run a-ground, or stranded.
For the articles BOLT and BOOM-IRON, see IRON-WORK, as corrected below.
BONNET, an additional part laced to the bottom of the main sail and fore
sail of some small vessels, in moderate winds.
_In the article_ BREAM, _the last line except one, read_ or by docking.
In-BULK, _see_ LADEN.
BUM-BOAT, a small boat used to sell vegetables, &c. to ships lying at a
distance from the shore.
C.
_In the article_ Can-BUOYS, _for_ fig. 8. _read_ fig. 6. _and in_
Nun-BUOYS, _for_ fig. 9. _read_ fig. 7.
_In_ Can-HOOKS, _dele_ and 9.
_In the 4th page of the article_ CANNON, _line 22. for_ fig. 17. _read_
fig. 10. _and in the 5th page of the same article, line 11. read the
figures_ 8. and 10.
_Line 14. of_ CAPSTERN, _for_ fig. 10. _read_ fig. 11. and 12.
CAST-AWAY, the state of a ship which is lost or wrecked on a lee-shore,
bank, or shallow.
COMING-TO. See the article TRYING.
COMPLEMENT, the limited number of men employed in any ship, either for
navigation or battle.
CROWFOOT, _line 3. for 27. read 28._
D.
DAVIT, _line 2. for 28. read 29._
_In the explanation of_ DECK, plate III. _for_ L the deck-transom,
_read_ L the wing-transom, _and nine lines lower, read_ Q the
wing-transom-knee.
_In_ DIVISION, _line 7. after_ cannon, _read_ each.
DOUBLE-BANKED, the situation of the oars of a boat when two opposite
ones are managed by rowers seated on the same bench, or _thwart_. The
oars are also said to be double-banked when two men row upon every
single one.
DRAWING, the state of a sail when it is inflated by the wind, so as to
advance the vessel in her course.
E.
_In the 12th page of the article_ ENGAGEMENT, _line 18. for_ have as
many, _read_ save as many.
F.
FIRE-SHIP, _line 10. after_ bulk-head, _for_ I, _read_ L.
FLAW, a sudden breeze, or gust of wind.
FLUSH. See the article DECK.
G.
GAMMONING, _line 4. for_ fig. 7. _read_ fig. 6, 8, and 9.
GRIPE, the same with FORE-FOOT. See that article.
GUY, line 1. _read_ to keep steddy.
H.
HAUSER, a large rope which holds the middle degree between the _cable_
and _tow-line_, in any ship whereto it belongs, being a size smaller
than the former, and as much larger than the latter.
_In the 3d page of the article_ HEAD, _line 26. after_ beams, _read_ or;
_and six lines lower, read_ the head, and part, &c.
I.
_In the article_ IRON-WORK, _line 14. dele_ as in fig. 1. and 2. plate
II. _and two lines lower, for_ fig. 4. _read_ fig. 1. plate II. _and in
the next line, for_ fig. 5, 6, and 39. _read_ fig. 3, and 39. _Seven
lines below this, after_ barbs, _read_ fig. 2. _and in the 2d line from
the bottom, for_ fig. 7. _read_ fig. 5.
K.
_To_ KEEP-OFF _for_ alargeer, _read_ alarguer.
_In line 9. of the article_ KETCH, _after_ war, _read see_ fig. 5. plate
VII.
L.
LANCH, the order to let go the _top-rope_, after any top mast is
_fidded_.
LEDGES, certain small pieces of timber placed _athwart-ships_, under the
decks of a ship, in the intervals between the beams, as exhibited in the
representation of the deck, plate III.
LEDGE, is also a long ridge of rocks, near the surface of the sea.
_Line 10. of the article_ LINE, _for_ fig. 5. _read_ fig. 6.
M.
MIDSHIPMAN, _line 4. for_ all other, _read_ several other.
_In page 2d of the article_ MORTAR, _line 9. after_ distance, _read_
from the object, &c. _and in page 3. of the same article, line 2. for_
fig. 14. plate VII. _read_ fig. 5. and 20. plate VII. the former of
which exhibits the transverse section of a bomb-vessel, with the mortar
fixed in its place, at an elevation of forty-five degrees. See RANGE.
Q.
QUARTERING-WIND. See the article SAILING.
R.
RACK, _rasteau_, a frame of timber, containing several _sheaves_, and
usually fixed on the opposite sides of a ship’s bow-sprit, to direct the
sailors to the respective ropes passing through it, all of which are
attached to the sails on the bowsprit.
_In page 4. of the article_ RATE, _line 14. for_ without, _read_ to
avoid.
_After the article_ RIDING, _read_, a rope is said to ride, when one of
the turns by which it is wound about the _capstern_ or _windlass_ lies
over another, so as to interrupt the operation of heaving.
S.
SALLY-PORT. See the article FIRE-SHIP.
SCUD, a name given by seamen to the lowest and lightest clouds, which
are most swiftly wafted along the atmosphere by the winds.
SHALLOP, a sort of large boat with two masts, and usually rigged like a
_schooner_.
SHIVERING, the state of a sail when it shakes or flutters in the wind,
as being neither _full_ nor _aback_, but in a middle degree, between
both, as well with regard to its absolute position, as to its relative
effect on the vessel.
_In line 9. of the article_ STERN, _for_ fig. 1. _read_ fig 3. _and
thirteen lines lower, after_ third transoms, _dele_ with _l_, _m_, _n_,
_o_, four intermediate transoms, _and read_ the 4th, 5th, and 6th
transoms are placed immediately under these: and that which lies between
the wing and deck-transoms, is called the filling-transom.
T.
THICK-STUFF. See the articles Ship-BUILDING and MIDSHIP-FRAME.
_In page 2. of the article_ TOP, _line 19. for_ fig. 2. plate VI. _read_
fig. 1. plate IX.
A
TRANSLATION
OF THE
PHRASES AND TERMS OF ART
IN THE
FRENCH MARINE.
ERRATA.
In the Article
ALLER en course, read, in search of an enemy.
AMURÉ, r. larboard or starboard-tacks.
BARRES _de panneaux_, &c. r. under the covers of the hatchways.
CHEVILLE _œillets_, &c. r. CHEVILLE _à œillets_, &c.
CLEF _des etains_, for cheek, r. chock.
CORDE _de retenue_ (art. 2d.) r. also the pendant, &c.
COUP _de partance_, r. as a signal, &c.
For DEPLOER, r. DEPLOIER.
FAIRE _honneur_, for _a quelqu’_ r. _à quelqu’_, &c.
FAIRE _le petit_, r. FAIRE _la petit_, &c.
FERS, r. _de boute-dehors_.
FILET, &c. for _merlin_, a marling, r. _merlin_, marline, &c.
For _La lune à_ MANGÉ, r. _la lune a_ MANGÉ, &c.
MARCHE-PIED, for draw their boats, r. drawboats, &c.
OLOFÉE, for spring, r. springing, &c.
PACFI, after PAFI, r. a course, _as le grand_ &c.
PIECE _de charpente_, for pieces, r. piece.
POMPE, for _Vénitienne_, r. _Vénetienne_.
_Longue_ RIME, for along stroke, r. a long stroke.
After SOU-BARBE, r. the bob-stay; also a bracket, &c.
SOULIE, for on shore, r. or shore.
TIERS _point_, for LATEEN, r. LATINE.
TREMUE, for comeings, r. coamings.
A
TRANSLATION
OF
FRENCH SEA TERMS and PHRASES.
A.
ABATÉE, or ABBATÉE, fallen off to a certain point; expressed of a ship
when she lies by, with some of her sails aback.
ABATTRE, to bear away, to drive, to edge farther to leeward.
ABATTRE _un vaisseau_, to heave down or careen a ship.
_Le vaisseau s’_ABAT, the ship drives or falls to leeward. This phrase
is more peculiar to the motion of a ship when her anchor is loosened
from the ground.
ABORDAGE, the shock or concussion produced by two vessels striking
each other in battle or otherwise; also the assault of boarding.
_Aller à l’_ABORDAGE, _sauter à l’_ABORDAGE, to board or enter an
enemy’s ship in an hostile manner.
ABORDER, to fall or drive aboard a ship, by accident, or neglect of
the steersman; spoken of two vessels when one or both are under
sail, or otherwise in motion.
ABORDER _un vaisseau de bout au corps_, to lay a ship aboard by
running the bowsprit over her waist.
ABOUGRI, or RABOUGRI, cross-grained, or knotty; a term applied by
shipwrights to timber which is, by this quality, rendered unfit for
ship-building.
ABOUT, the butt or end of any plank: also the place where the ends of
two planks are joined on the ship’s side, &c.
ABRI, a place of anchorage under shelter of the weather-shore. Hence
ABRIÉ, becalmed, sheltered from the wind.
ACASTILLAGE, or rather ENCASTILLAGE, a general name for the
quarter-deck, poop, and fore-castle. Hence _accastillé_ answers to
deep-waisted.
ACCLAMPER, to fortify a piece of wood by attaching another piece
thereto; as the fishes which are fixed on the masts.
ACCON, a small flat-bottomed boat, for fishing of cockles.
ACCORD, the order to pull together on a rope or tackle; also to row
together, or pull uniformly with the oars.
ACCORDS, or ACCORES, props or shoars fixed under a ship’s wales, to
keep her upright, before she is launched, or when she is brought
into dock, or laid aground.
ACCORD _droit_, an upright shoar or prop.
ACCORER, to prop or sustain any weighty body, as a ship on the ground.
ACCOSTE, come aboard, or come along-side; the order given to a small
vessel or boat, to approach a ship.
ACCOSTER, or ACCOTER, to pull or thrust any thing near or close to
some other, as the two blocks of a tackle, &c.
ACCOSTER _les huniers ou les perroquets_, to haul home the top-sail
sheets, or top-gallant sheets.
ACCOTAR, the gunnel-plank of a ship. See PLAT-BORD.
ACCOURSIE, a passage formed in a ship’s hold, by a separation of her
stores, cargo, or provisions, when she is laden, to go fore and aft,
as occasion requires.
ACCROCHER, the act of boarding and grappling an enemy’s ship.
ACCUL, the depth of a bay, or small road,
ACCULEMENT, the concavity and figure of those timbers which are placed
upon the keel, towards the extremities of a ship.
ACROTERE, a cape, head-land, or promontory.
ACTE _de delai_, an act by which a debtor loses all his effects by
shipwreck.
ADIEU-VA, an expression of command, used by the master or pilot, to
bid the ship’s crew prepare for tacking, or veering, when the course
is to be changed.
ADDONER, to scant, or veer forward; expressed of the wind when it
becomes unfavourable.
AFFALE, the order to lower or let down any thing.
AFFALÉ, to be embayed, or forced, by the violence of the wind, or
current, near to a lee shore.
AFFALER, to lower any thing by a tackle, as a yard, sail, cask, &c.
AFFINE, it clears away, or becomes fair: understood of the weather,
after having been cloudy or over-cast for some time.
AFFOLÉE, erroneous or defective; spoken of a magnetical needle which
has lost its virtue.
AFFOURCHER, to moor, or let go a second anchor, so that a ship may
ride between the two, which will bear an equal strain.
AFFRANCHIR, to free the ship, or clear her hold of water by the pumps.
AFFRÉTEMENT, the freight of a merchant-ship. Hence
AFFRETER, to freight.
AFFUT _de mer_, the carriage of a cannon used at sea.
AGITER, to swell, or run high; expressed of a turbulent sea.
AGRÉER, to rig a ship, or equip her with yards, sails, rigging, &c.
AGREILS, or AGRÈS. There is no sea-term in English which answers to
this expression, in its full extent; unless we adopt the obsolete
word _Tackling_, which is now entirely disused by our mariners. The
French term comprehends the rigging, yards, sails, blocks, cables,
and anchors; and is probably better translated, machinery or
furniture.
AIDE _major_, an officer whose duty resembles that of our adjutant of
marines.
AIDE _de canonnier_. See CANONNIER.
AIGU, sharp or narrow towards the two ends, afore and abaft.
AIGUADE, a watering-place for shipping; also the provision or quantity
of fresh water necessary for a sea-voyage.
AIGUILLE, part of a ship’s cut-water. See EPERON. This term appears to
be obsolete, as it is not once mentioned by M. Du Hamel, who is very
minute in describing the several pieces of the cut-water.
AIGUILLE also implies a top-mast, or such like piece of timber
employed to support a lower-mast, in the act of careening.
AIGUILLE _de fanal_, an iron crank or brace, used to sustain the
poop-lanthern.
AIGUILLE _aimantée_, the magnetical needle.
AIGUILLES _de tré_ or _de trevier_, sail-needles, bolt-rope-needles.
AIGUILLETES. See PORQUES.
AILURES. See ILLOIRES.
AIMANT, the magnet or loadstone.
AIR _de vent_, the point of the compass in which the wind fits.
AISEMENT, a place of convenience in the gallery or head of a ship.
AISSADE, that part of the poop where the ship’s breadth begins to
diminish as it approaches the stern.
A LA BOULINE, close hauled. See ALLER _à la bouline_.
ALARGUER, to sheer off; to sail aloof from the shore or some
contiguous object.
A L’AUTRE, an exclamation pronounced by the sailors of the watch, at
the striking of the watch-bell, every half hour to signify to the
pilot that they keep a good look-out. See LOOK-OUT AFORE.
ALIDADE, the index of a nocturnal or sea-quadrant. See OCTANT.
ALIZÉ, the reigning wind of a particular season or region.
ALLEGE, a lighter or pram.
ALLÉGER _un vaisseau_, to lighten a ship by taking out part of her
lading.
Alléger _le cable_, to buoy up the cable by attaching barrels, or
pieces of timber, to it lengthwise, to float it up from a rocky or
foul ground: also to veer away the cable.
ALLER _à la bouline_, to sail close by the wind, or close hauled.
ALLER _à grasse bouline_, to sail with the wind upon the beam, or
large.
ALLER _à la derive_, to try under bare poles, or to try a hull. See
DÉRIVE.
ALLER _au plus près du vent_, to sail as near the wind as possible.
ALLER _de bout au vent_, to go head to wind, to sail right in the
wind’s eye.
ALLER _en course_, to cruise against, or in search of, an enemy.
ALLER _entre deux écoutes_, to sail right afore the wind, or with both
sheets aft.
ALLER _vent largue_, to sail large, or with a large wind.
ALLER _terre à terre_, to coast, or sail along shore.
ALLONGE, a futtock, or top-timber. See COUPLE and VARANGUE.
ALMADIE, a small African canoe, formed of the bark of a tree.
ALONGER _un vaisseau_, to lay a ship along-side of another.
ALONGER _le cable_, to haul up a range of the cable upon deck.
ALONGER _la vergue de civadiere_, to get the sprit-sail yard fore and
aft under the bowsprit.
ALONGER _la terre_, to sail along shore.
AMARQUE, the beacon, or buoy, of a shoal, flat, or sand-bank.
AMARRAGE, the ground-tackling, or furniture for mooring a ship.
_Ligne d’_AMARRAGE, a seising or lashing.
AMARRE, the order to fasten or belay a rope.
AMARRE _de bout_, the head-fast, the head-cable, or hawser with its
anchor.
AMARRER, to make fast, seise, or belay.
AMATELOTER, to mess together, to associate as comrades or mess-mates.
AME _d’un gross cordage_, the middle strand of a four stranded rope.
AMENER, to lower or strike. Hence AMENE, lower away, or strike.
AMENER _une terre_, to make the land, &c.
AMIRAL, Admiral. Hence
AMIRAUTÉ, the admiralty.
AMOLETTES or AMELOTES, the bar-holes of the capstern or windlass.
AMORCER, to prime a cannon or other fire-arm.
AMPOULETTE, the watch-glass, kept in the binacle.
AMURÉ _à babord_, or _à stribord_, to have the larboard tacks aboard.
AMURER, to haul aboard the main or fore-tack.
AMURER _la grand voile_, to bring aboard the main tack. Hence
AMURER _tout bas_ implies to get the tacks close aboard, or down as
close as possible.
AMURES. See DOGUE _d’Amure_.
AMURES _d’une voile_, the tacks of boom-sails and stay-sails.
ANCETTES, the bow-line cringles in the bolt-rope of a sail.
ANCRE, an anchor. Hence ANCRAGE, the duty of anchorage. See MOUILLAGE.
ANCRE _à demeure_, a large anchor sunk in a road or harbour, to warp
ships in and out, or ride them a short time.
ANCRE _à la veille_, an anchor which is ready to be sunk from the
ship.
ANCRE _de flot_, _&_ ANCRE _de jussant_, the flood-anchor and
ebb-anchor.
ANCRE _de terre_, the shore-anchor, or that which lies towards the
shore.
ANCRE _du large_, the sea-anchor, or that which lies towards the
offing.
_L’_ANCRE _a quitté_, _l’_ANCRE _est dérangée_, the anchor is a-trip,
or a-weigh.
_L’_ANCRE _est au bossoir_, the anchor is at the cat-head.
_A l’_ANCRE, see VAISSEAU _à l’ancre_. _Bosser l’_ANCRE, see BOSSER.
_Caponner l’_ANCRE, see CAPON.
_Faire venir l’_ANCRE _à pic_, or _à pique_, _virer à pic_, to heave
a-peek upon the anchor.
_Gouverner sur l’_ANCRE, to sheer the ship to her anchor, when heaving
a-head.
_Lever l’_ANCRE, to heave up the anchor, to weigh.
_Chasser sur les_ ANCRES, to drag the anchors, to drive at anchor.
_Filer sur les_ ANCRES. See FILER.
_Leve l’ANCRE avec la chaloupe_, go and weigh the anchor with the
long-boat.
_Leve l’_ANCRE _d’affourché_, the order to veer away one cable, and
heave upon the other.
ANCRER, or _Jetter l’ancre_, _Mouiller l’ancre_, or simply _Mouiller_,
_Donner fond_, _Mettre_, or _Avoir le vaisseau sur le fer_,
_Toucher_, _Laisser tomber l’ancre_. All these terms are synonimous,
and signify to bring up, to anchor, to come to anchor, or to let go
the anchor.
ANGE, chain-shot.
ANGUILLERES, ANGUILLES, or ANGUILLÉES, _Lumieres_, _Vitonnieres_,
synonimous terms, which signify the limber-holes.
ANNEAU _pour attacher les vaisseaux_, a mooring-ring on a wharf, buoy,
&c.
ANNEAU _de corde_, a slipping-noose, a running bowline-knot.
ANNEAUX _d’écoutilles_, or _boucles_, ring-bolts of the deck, &c.
ANNEAUX _d’étai_, the hanks of a stay-sail. See DAILLOTS.
ANNEAUX _de sabords_, ring-bolts of the gun-ports.
ANORDIE, a northerly storm peculiar to the gulph of Mexico, and the
adjacent coasts, at certain seasons of the year, called by the
English Creoles, a North.
ANSE, a bight or small bay.
ANSPECT, a handspike or lever.
ANTENNE, a lateen sail-yard. See VERGUE.
ANTOIT, a crooked instrument of iron, used to bind the side-planks
round the timbers in ship-building. English artificers perform this
operation by wraining-bolts and staffs.
A PIC, a-peek, perpendicularly above the anchor, with a tight cable.
APIQUER _une vergue_, to top a sail-yard, or peek it up.
APLESTER, or APLESTRER, to unfurl and set the sails, ready for putting
to sea.
APOSTIS, the row-locks of a galley.
APOTRES, the hawse-pieces of a ship.
APPARAUX, or APARAUX, the whole furniture of a ship, as the sails,
yards, blocks, anchors, cables, helm, and artillery. This term is
therefore more comprehensive than _Agrès_, and less so than
_Equippement_, which, besides the above, includes the seamen,
soldiers, and their provision.
APPARCELADO, a flat, equal and uniform bottom of the sea.
APPAREIL _de carene_, the careening-purchases; also the necessary
implements and materials employed in careening.
APPAREIL _de pompe_, the pump-gear, as the boxes, brake, spear, &c.
APPAREILER, to make ready for sailing, to get under sail.
APPARTEMENT, a birth, cabin, or store room, in a ship.
APPOINTÉ, a mariner whose passage is paid by the state, and who is not
obliged to work in the ship that carries him.
APPROCHER _du vent_. See ALLER _à la bouline_.
AQUE, or ACQUE, a sort of flat bottomed lighter employed on the Rhine.
ARAIGNÉES, the crow-feet of the tops.
ARAMBER, to close in with a ship and grapple her.
ARBALETE, a cross-staff or fore-staff.
ARBALETRIERE, a platform, or gangway, on which the soldiers stand to
fire their musquetry in a row-galley.
ARBORER _un mât_, to step or set up a mast, to get the mast an end.
ARBORER _un pavillon_, to hoist and display a flag or ensign.
ARBRE, a mast, in the dialect of Provence. See MAT.
ARC, or _ligne courbe de l’éperon_, the curve of the prow or cutwater.
ARCANNE, a sort of red chalk used by shipwrights in France, to mark
the timber in hewing or forming it.
ARCASSE, the stern of a ship; also the shell of a block.
ARCBOUTANT, a spar or small mast; more particularly, a boom to extend
the bottom of a studding-sail, square-sail, or driver.
ARCBOUTANT _d’échafaud_, the prop or shoar of a scaffold used in
ship-building.
ARCEAUX, a name formerly given to the rails of the head. See LISSE _de
poulaine_.
ARCENAL _de marine_, a royal dock-yard, with its warren or gun-wharf.
ARCHE, a thin covering of lath or shingle, and sometimes of rope,
which cases the ship’s pump like a sheath, to preserve and keep it
tight.
ARCHIPOMPE, the pump-well.
ARCHITECTURE _navale_, the art of ship-building.
ARDENT, a corposant, or meteor, often seen at sea in a storm. See FEU
_St. Elme_.
ARDENT, the quality of griping in the steerage, or carrying a
weatherly helm.
ARER, or CHASSER, to chase. See CHASSER.
ARGANEAU, or ORGANEAU, a ring-bolt of the deck or sides of a ship.
ARGANEAU _d’ancre_, the anchor-ring.
ARGOUSIN, a petty officer in the gallies, whose duty it is to fix on,
or take off the shackles of the slaves, and to prevent them from
escaping. It answers nearly to the corporal of a ship of war. See
PREVÔT.