Fish 81, 156
Plants 149
Horns 16
Shells 18, 43, 48, 93, 96, 107, 108,
113, 116, 135, 137, 148, 149, 151
Art.
Mr. _Ashe’s_ Garden 55
_Enston_ water-works 48
_Gothic_ architecture commended 67
Whence their ill taste 124
Mineralogy.
Lead mines 54
Salt-springs 57, 69
Salt works 58
Tobacco-pipe clay 37
Coal mines 54, 63, 74, 149
Fullers earth 115
Geography.
Memoirs towards a _British_ map of soils 27, 29, 47, 62,
64, 100, 115, 116, 120, 146,
157, 177, 179, 190, 192, 193,
195, 202, 204
Natural.
Composure of stones 18, 49, 55, 116, 159, 162, 192
The earth an oblade sphæroid 5
Proofs of the rotation of the globe 4, 29, 49, 67, 73, 77,
93, 96, 101, 108, 115, 120,
121, 130, 137, 138, 141, 146,
148, 151, 157, 159, 202
The drumming well at _Oundle_ 36
_Pool’s_ hole 57
Another 149
Remarkably large stone 137
Flints in chalk 120, 141
Echo 46, 172
Beach of pebbles 124, 126, 127, 159
Of the noise of the ocean 126
Springs flowing with the tide 94
Petrifying springs 37, 108, 112
Springs swallowed up 131
Floating island 57
The philosophy of making drains 17
———— of harbours 130
———— of oars 130
An account of the solar eclipse 179
Medicinal.
Chalybeat spring 9
Ossification in a sheep 20
Sheep without horns 17
Prodigious memory 69
_Buxton_ bath 56
_Bath_ waters 146
Case of a greyhound bitch 155
_Bronchocele endemic_ 54
The symbol of medicine 148
_Scribonius_, physician to _Claudius_ 148
One aged 126 37
Of the gout 157
Richness of soil in old cities 41, 106
West side of the island }
most healthy } 59, 60, 74, 146
Botany 16, 32, 44, 53, 57, 59, 73, 95,
110, 113, 117, 126, 128, 131,
137, 149, 151, 154, 159, 160,
189, 190, 203
Extravagant bulk of plants 72
_Celtic_ names of plants 190
_Roman_ Roads.
57, 65, 69, 73, 76, 87, 96, 109, 120, 127, 137, 151, 156,
158, 162, 179, 184, 192, 195, 200, 202, 203
Artifice of them 108, 141, 187
Manner of paving 106, 110, 155
_Hermen-street_ 5, 76, 81, 88, 202
—— name 6
—— the new 85, 93
Old _Hermen-street_ 7
by whom made 7, 84
_Brigantian Hermen-street_ 92
_Akeman-street_ 41, 43, 47
name 43
_Ricning-way_ 54, 61, 68, 69, 148
name 54, 148
_Icening street_ 63, 77, 79, 115, 160, 179, 182, 187
name 161
extent 161
_Foss_ road 66, 87, 103, 145, 154, 155
name 103
extent 156
_Watling-street_ 59, 61, 111, 119, 121, 127
name 111
directed to _Rome_ 111
_Via Trinovantica_ 118, 177, 205
Stone streets 122, 132, 204
_Ravens-bank_ 15
_Via Badonica_ 62, 63, 140
_Brig-end_ causeway 15
In _Holland_, _Lincolnshire_ 14
_English_ Towns.
_Ambsbury_ 137
_Blandford_ 189
_Boston_ 31
_Buxton_ 56
_Bewdley_ 74
_Crowland_ 33
_Chip. norton_ 48
_Coventry_ 49
_Connington_ 81
_Colsterworth_ 85
_Chard_ 156
_Derby_ 54
_Fereby_ 99
_Feversham_ 121
_Fleet_ 12
_Frieston_ 25
_Fotheringhay_ 35
_Glassonbury_ 151
_Gedney_ 12
_Holbech_ 12
_Hyth_ 131
_Hereford_ 71
_Islip_ 44
_Kirkton_ 32
_Lichfield_ 61, 66
_Leominster_ 72
_Ludlow_ 73
_Moulton_ 22
_Malvern_ 69
_Newark_ 104
_Nottingham_ 52
_Oundle_ 36
_Oxford_ 44
_Petherton_ 156
_Portsmouth_ 193
_Rotherston_ 57
_Reading_ 62
_Somerton_ 154
_Steeple-ashton_ 145
_Southampton_ 192
_Stukeley_ 80, 114
_Stanford_ 35
_Tamworth_ 61
_Wight_ island 195
_Wrexham_ 59
_Roman_ Towns.
_Ancaster_ 86
_Brigcasterton_ 84
_Brentford_ 205
_Crekelade_ 65
_Caster_ 101
_Grantham_ 52
_Hartford_ 77
_Laurance Waltham_ 62
_Northfleet_ 120
_Newington_ 122
_Royston_ 79
_Sleaford_ 9
_Stanfield_ 9
_Stunsfield_ 47
_Spittal_ on the street 94
_Towcester_ 40
_Wintringham_ 95
_Roman_ cities.
_Abontrus_ 96
_Alauna_, Aldcester 40
_Ad spinam_ 63
_Ariconium_ 69
_Agelocum_ 93
_Aquis_ 96
_Ad pontem_ 105
_Alauna_, Wimborn 190
_Arminis_ 191
_Aquæ solis_ 146
_Andaoreon_ 179
_Brigæ_ 184
_Bolnelaunium_ 190
_Benavona_ 114
_Benonis_ 110
_Branonium_ 68
_Bonium_ 59
_Branavis_ 48
_Banovallum_ 30
_Condate_ 57
_Cunetio_ 63
_Corinium_ 66
_Camboritum_ 78
_Causennis_ 85
_Crocolana_ 103
_Caleva Atrebatum_ 202
_Colomeæ_ 150
_Derventio_ 54
_Deva_ 59
_Durocinonte_ 80
_Durobrivis_ 82
_Durocobrivis_ 116
_Durobrovis_ 120
_Durolenum_ 121
_Durovernum_ 122
_Dubris_ 127
_Durnovaria_ 161
_Eltabona_ 37
_Etocetum_ 61
_Garionenum_ 152
_Glevum_ 67
_Isca Dumnoniorum_ 156
_Ischalis_ 154
_Ibernium_ 189
_Leucomagus_ 64
_Lindum_ 88
_Lactorodum_ 114
_Londinium_ 119
_Lapis Tituli_ 131
_Lemanis_ 132
_Londinis_ 160
_Moridunum_ 159
_Moriconium_ 190
_Mida_ 202
_Mantantonis_ 201, 202
_Magiovinium_ 115
_Margidunum_ 106
_Mancunium_ 58
_Noviomagus_ 119
_Præsidium_ 49
_Pennocrucium_ 61
_Portus magnus_ 193
_Punctuobice_ 144
_Pontes_ 205
_Rutupiæ_ 124
_Regnum_ 190
_Ratæ_ 108
_Salinis_ 69
_Salinæ_ 78
_Sorbiodunum_ 182
_Suellaniacis_ 118
_Tamese_ 43
_Tripontium_ 112
_Trausantum_ 193
_Vindoma_ 177
_Verlucio_ 142
_Vagniacis_ 120
_Verolanium_ 116
_Vernometum_ 108
_Venta Belgarum_ 191
_Vindogladia_ 188
_Vainona_ 28
_Ypocessa_ 69
Roman Forts.
_Burgh_ 16, 29
_Boston_ 16
_Spalding_ 14
_Wisbech_ 14, 16
_Brancaster_ 16
_Richborough_ 125
_Farnborough_ 204
Many more 8
Roman Camps.
_Arbury hill_ 114
_Audleyn_ 79
_Bury hill_ 43
_Bury hill_ 179
_Burrough hill_ 113
_Barbury_ 140
_Badbury_ 140
_Badbury_ 140
_Badbury_ 189
_Castledikes_ 114
_Cheselbury_ 135
_Cheselbury_ 139
_Chloridunum_ 137
_Dinder-hill_ 70
_Gildsborough_ 38
_Hexton_ 77
_Honington_ 87
_Hamden hill_ 156
_Honey ditches_ 159
By _Kingsclere_ 179
_Maiden castle_ 162
_Martinshall_ 139
_Oldbury_ 141
_Poundbury_ 162
_Ring hill_ 202
_St. Roc’s hill_ 70
_Sutton walls_ 79
_Vespasian’s camp_ 138
_Wodbury_ 189
_Yarborough_ 101
_Yarnbury_ 137
Roman remains.
_Old Sea-dike_ 13
The _Cardike_ 7
Gate at _Lincoln_ 89
At _Canterbury_ 13, 122
_Mintwall_, at _Lincoln_ 89
At _Exeter_ 157, 158
_Jewrywall, Leicester_ 109
At _Ariconium_ 70
At _Rochester_ 120
_Temples_ 66, 79, 146
Manner of _Roman_ walls 89, 104, 117, 120, 122, 125,
129, 132, 161, 165, 177
_Lolham_ bridges 7
_Pharos_ at _Dover_ 129
Their mortar 89, 101
Proportion of bricks 70, 117
Imbanking of _Holland_ 12
Piles of oak 105, 109
Amphitheatres 125, 163, 164, 178
_Julian_’s bower 31, 95
The meaning 97
_Chichester_ inscription 196
_Lapis milliaris_ 14, 87, 94, 179
_Lares_ 42, 66, 118, 145
_Thyrsus_ 31
Antiquities in _Holland_ 12, 13
At _Rauceby_ 12
_Wells_ 54, 83
_Hypocausts_ 59, 70, 123
Coins found 9, 13, 40, 42, 48, 52, 54, 59, 60, 62,
66, 70, 78, 80, 83, 84, 85, 86, 91, 94,
95, 101, 104, 107, 112, 114, 116, 139,
141, 142, 145, 149, 150, 154, 156, 158,
175, 177, 182, 188, 202, 205
_Mosaics_ 47, 66, 70, 81, 83, 84, 105, 107, 109,
117, 155, 158, 162, 202
_Cæsar’s_ landing place 127
_Julia Domna_’s head 157
_Arundel_ Collection _Preface_, 38, 45, 84
_Runway_ 141
_Rumsey_ 191
_Ramsgate cliff_ 124
_Ravensbank_ 15
VII. } { 203
_Antoninus_’s Iter XIII. } corrected { 143
XIV. } { 144
XV. } { 204
Inscriptions 67, 91, 148, 169
Celtic Antiquities.
_Tumuli_ 5, 19, 29, 30, 38, 43, 74, 106, 107,
113, 115, 118, 127, 131, 135, 156, 160,
162, 165, 179, 184, 188, 189, 191, 202
Instruments dug up 12, 57, 58, 59, 91
_Oppida_ 53, 77, 78, 124, 135, 138, 182, 191
_Cursus_ 109
Temples 48, 100, 136, 140, 149
_Grimesditch_ 47, 179
_Flightditch_ 79
_Brentditch_ 79
Boundary of the _Belgic_ kingdom I. 189
II. 187
III. 138
_Wansdike_ IV. 64, 142, 145
The _Albionites_ 189
These _Celtic_ works ancienter than the _Roman_ 141, 142, 188
British Camps.
_Aukbury_ 138
_Credon hill_ 70
_Bushill_ 77
By East _Hamstead_ 177
_Harbury banks_ 78
_Maiden bower_ 115
_Wilbury_ 77
_Warmleighton_ 49
_Tadmerton_ 49
_Burbich_ 139
_Mentaris Æstuarium_ 5
_Cavata_ 85
_Victius_ 88
_Bibroci_ 62, 204
_Atrebates_ 202
_Nadre_ 135
_Antona_ 193, 201
_Belgæ_ 135
_Dobuni_ 140, 197
Religious Houses.
_Vaudy_ 12
_Sempringham_ 12
_Skirbec_ 25
_Frieston_ 25
_Hagnaby_ 29
_Crowland_ 32
_Northampton_ 37
_Bicester_ 43
_Tame_ 44
_Osney_ 45
_Ruleigh_ 45
_Godstow_ 46
_Chipping Norton_ 48
_Dale_ 53
_Chester_ 59
_Reading_ 62
_Marlborough_ 63
_Hereford_ 71
_Leominster_ 72
_Ludlow_ 74
_Ramsey_ 81
_Nocton_ 88
_Kyme_ 88
_Barlings_ 88
_Bardney_ 88
_Tupholme_ 88
_Stickswold_ 88
_Kirksted_ 88
_Revesby_ 88
_Risby_ 95
_Gokewell_ 95
_Thornton_ 100
_Leicester_ 109
_Sopwell_ 117
_Feversham_ 121
_Glassenbury_ 151
_Cowic_ 158
_Exeter_ 158
_Wimburn_ 190
FOOTNOTES:
[1] The late John Ives, Jun. Esq; of Great Yarmouth, F. R. & A. S. who
was possessed of these Plates, kindly lent that of Sir Henry Spelman
for this Edition: the other was re-engraved before the Editor knew in
whose possession they were.
[2] Cum perpetui ferè & asperrimi montes sint versus occasum.—Baxteri
Glossarium, voce _Otodini_.
[3] At Hall, by Inspruck, salt-rocks, says Mr. Addison in his Italian
Travels.
[4] Cæsar calls Arminius a German general, whose proper name was
_Harman_, or _Herman_, which signifies in that language the General
of an Army.
[5] The 6th of August, 1733, I went to meet Mr. Roger Gale coming from
Peterborough. I staid at the Roman road, on that high hill, they have
lately afresh plowed up some of the heath. It is surprizing to see
how thick the fossil shells lay just under the surface, turned to
stone; cockles, muscles, bivalves, whilks, and many more. I measured
the adventitious turf grown over the Roman road: at a breach, it is
almost six inches.
[6] Lolham and Torphall, two royal manors belonging to Margaret
countess of Richmond, who lived at Colliweston, a great old house at
Lolham, which has been moted about. At Torphall the foundation of an
antient tower forty foot square.
Mr. Samuel Parker gave me, 1735, a silver Antoninus found by the
Cardike on the back of Peterborough minster: the reverse, COS. III.
DES. IIII. Many Roman coins found in digging in the ruins of the
minster.
At Moreton upon the Cardike, much Roman coin found.
[7] _Cardike_ is British: _Cæirs_ is _palus_
[8] Oslac, ambassador from Athelwolf, king of the West Saxons, anno
851, to Bertulf, king of Mercia, witness to a charter of Bertulf’s
to Croyland abbey, Ingulf, p. 490. This was done at a parliament
held at Kingsbury, a manor of the kings of Mercia, near Verolanum,
and near where Offa had built the monastery to St Alban. I suppose
Oslac, often mentioned in charters about 966, in Ingulf and others,
to be Oslac, in the time of king Edgar, partner with earl Osul in the
government of Northumberland, by king Edred constituted. His hand
is at king Edred’s charter to Croyland, anno 948; to that of king
Edgar, in 966; and to that of king Edgar to Peterborough, 970. Roger
de Hoveden, p. 243. Oslac, butler to Athelwolf, was a Goth by origin,
says Rog. de Hoveden, descended from Stuf and Withgar, two earls
and brothers, who received the Isle of Wight from their uncle, king
Cerdie, and Cinvic his son, their cousin.
[9] Ralf, or Radinus Scalre, son to Goda, sister to king Edward: he is
buried at Peterborough. Leofric, lord of Brun, was cousin to him.
Earl Rodulf was son to Goda. William Malmsbury, p. 45. _b._ Earl Rolf
was one of king Edward’s admirals against earl Godwin.
[10] Morcar had these manors following, in the time of Domesday book:
Colstewrde (Colsterworth) Basingheham, Shillington, Cherchebi
(Kirkby) Chime (Kime) Bodebi, Wellingoure, Castre, Cotes, Barewe,
Stroustone, Nort Stoches, Carletune, Bredesthorp, Wes-Bitham,
Bortone, Brune, and Stapleford.
Bodebi belonged of right to Crowland.
[11] Morchar, or Macher, as William Malmsbury calls him, son of Elgar,
or Algar, p. 46. _b._ was made earl of Northumberland; Tostin, son
of Earl Godwin, losing it for his severity: and at the end of king
Edward’s life, Tostin coming out of Flanders to invade the coasts
of Northumberland in a piratical manner, was repelled by the forces
of Morcar, and his brother Edwin. Tostin goes into Scotland, there
meets Harold Harfag, the Norwegian, with three hundred ships upon an
invasion: they agree to join forces, land in Northumberland, surprise
the two brothers overjoyed at their late victory, and shut them up in
York city till king Harold relieved them.
Tostin, son of earl Godwin, was earl of Northumberland, and turned
out, by instigation of his brother, at the end of Edward the
Confessor’s life, and Morchar made earl in his stead. Morcar, and
his elder brother Edwin, lived there very lovingly together, and
when Harold the king was slain by William the Conqueror, offered
themselves to the people, who might chuse one of them for their king.
Harold and they were cousins; and they were at London at the time of
the battle of Hastings: but William the Conqueror’s fortune prevailed
both in getting the battle, and in getting the kingdom. Afterwards
they disturbed the Conqueror by little inroads and vexations, and
were sometimes taken prisoners; yet he pardoned them, and married
them to his relations. At length they were slain perfidiously by
their own men, and the king was much grieved at their death.
[12] Hereward married Turfrida in Flanders.
[13] The Duke of Ancaster, 1726, showed me a large brass Hadrian, but
defaced, dug up in his garden, near the _tumulus_ at the end: he says
more coins have been found about the stone pits in the park. That
_tumulus_ perhaps was the burial-place of Grime, who denominated the
place Grimsthorp, or Grime’s farm, probably some great Saxon, or
Dane. I observe there are a few more _tumuli_ upon hills hereabouts,
as one on the heath by Corby. I think the country hereabouts
extremely fine and delightful: an excellent kind of stone is dug
up in Grimsthorp park; and here and there a vein of good marble of
a darkish colour: the blueish marble lies uppermost in a bed of
about four foot; then a bed of twenty foot thick, of an excellent
whitish stone, with reddish veins where they can cut blocks of any
dimensions. Anno 1731, in digging in the court yard, they found an
old brass seal, a coat of arms, two bars ermine; the epigraphe, as
well as I could make it out, thus:
SEEL. DES. OBLIG[AT symbol]CIONS. DE. RCE.
[14] Later, about 1701 or 1702.
[15] At Grantford, by March, 1732, several Roman urns found.
[16] Holbech seems to have been _Holbergh_, as Wisbech _Wousbergh_.
[17] Anno 1727, at Walpole, by the side of Wisbech river, abundance of
Roman aqueducts were dug up, and Roman bricks, &c. and Mr. Colburn,
minister there, sent me an aqueduct.
[18] Wisbech is called _Wiseberch_, i. e. burgh, in king Wulfhere’s
charter to Peterburgh. Mr. Peck’s Ant. Stanf. p. 21. Many Roman
aqueducts dug up at Wisbech castle, when they built the present
structure, as Mr. Beaupre Bell tells me; such as were found at
Walpole, whereof I have one. William the Conqueror built a castle
upon the Roman work.
[19] No less than eight canoos were found in draining Martin mere. Dr.
Leigh’s _Lancaster_. A moss-deer’s skeleton found fourteen foot under
ground in the fens by the river Witham, Lincolnshire. I saw part of
a moss-deer’s horn at the Society in Peterborough, found in the fens
there.
[20] The bed wherein Margaret lay, has since been removed to a
farm-house by the fen-side, called Wrigbolt, where I have seen it.
It is a very old-fashioned oak bed with panels of odd embossed work,
like many we see in old country houses.
[21] Pliny says they eat ducks in Britain as a great delicacy.
[22] Radulfus de Holbech officium custod. resignat, & resumit locum
focii ap. Æd. Petri Cant. 1349.
[23] Algar the Count, called the Younger, with his two stewards,
Wibert and Leofric, who gave names to these three towns, Algarkirk,
Wiberton, Leverton, with other warriors, obtained a great victory
over the Danes, anno 870. (Chron. Joan. Abb. S. Petri de Burgo, ed.
a Spark, p 15. from Ingulf) but were slain the next day. 9 Ed. I.
Ranulf de Rye obtained of the king a licence for a market every week,
on the Monday, at his manor of Gosberchurch, and free warren there,
as at his lands at Swinflete, Quadavering, Donington, Iwardby, and
Housthorp.
[24] Thoroton’s Hist. of Nott. gives part of this Pedigree, p. 174.
[25] That monument in the church-yard was probably that of St.
Botulphus, who was buried in this town, and famous for miracles
before and after death.
[26] The old church, built after the Danish devastation in 870, was of
Turketil’s raising, who died 975. The new part of Crowland abbey was
built in 1114.
[27] The names of Croyland bells are mentioned by Ingulf, p. 505. _b_.
The first was made by Turketil, _Guthlac_ the greatest: the five
others were made by his successor, abbot Egelric; _Bartholomew_,
_Bettelin_, _Turketyl_, _Tatwin_, _Pega_ and _Bega_.
[28] The abbot of Croyland’s chair is at Mr. Dove’s seat at Upton by
Peterborough, a descendant of bishop Dove’s: upon it, +BENEDICITE
FONTES DN̄O+. I suppose the abbot’s name was _Fountain_.
[29] St. Guthlake’s hermitage ruins pulled down about 1720.
[30] The triangular bridge of Croyland is mentioned in the time of king
Edred, anno 948. St. Guthlake’s cross, Plate XI. was set up by abbot
Thurketil a little before that time.—Ingulf, p. 497. _b._
[31] Of these crosses thus Walsingham, Hist. Angl. anno 1291. Dura
(rex) finibus Scotiæ, &c.
[32] Grantham and Stamford were two stages. Mr. Howgrave says there was
a queen’s cross at Stanford; and the like is affirmed of Grantham,
and that it stood in the open place in the London road: and I saw a
stone, carved with foliage work, said to be part of it; and I believe
it, seeming of that sort of work: if so, then Newark and Leicester
must be left out, and they travelled with the queen’s corpse by way
of Oundle to Geddington from Stanford, I suppose the present London
road from Stanford being unpassable, or not having at that time royal
seats, manors, or abbeys, by the way, sufficient to entertain the
cavalcade. Mr. Peck, in his Stanford Antiquities, asserts Grantham
and Stanford two of the stages, and where crosses were erected, no
doubt, that at Grantham flood in the open London road before my
neighbour Hacket’s house, called Peter-church hill; and the people
have some memory of it. Mr. Peck puts in Woburn between Dunstable
and St. Alban’s; upon what authority I know not.—Geddington was a
manor of the king’s, V. Regist. Hon. Richmond, p. 280.—Camden in his
Remains, p. 208, who doubtless had seen them, inserts Grantham and
Stanford, V. p. 116.
[33] At Naseby, round the font an inscription, ΝΙΨΟΝ
[34] The Rev. Mr. Bertie of Uffington gave me 1735, several Roman coins
found in this city; a very fair silver Hadrian, +IMP. CÆSAR TRAIAN
HADRIANVS AVG.+ reverse, a sitting figure. +PM TRP COS. III.+
[35] Jan. 1718, between Broadwel and Stow in the Wold, Gloucestershire,
a countryman digging a ditch to divide a pasture, found an urn of a
green colour: at top it had foliage work; in it thirty pound weight
of copper Roman coin, which he sold for six-pence per pound. About a
dozen were sent to Dr. Mead, of Constans, Constantine, and Magnentius.
[36] _Acha_, in Irish, is a dike, mound, or bank.
[37] The countess of Warwick was abbess here. _Tiber._ B. XIII. 5.
Bibl. Cotton. is her elegium.
[38] Holinshed, in his Hist. Engl. p. 92. says a stone trough full of
Roman coin was found at Grantham forty years before: he there gives
an account of the golden helmet, &c. found at Harlaxton.
[39] The castle was in the close by the river east of the church:
people alive remember foundations of it being dug up. I saw this
year, 1726, a large brass Antoninus coin, found near Slade mill, in
possession of Mrs. Vincent. Some think the castle was at Captain
Hacket’s house, and that it was John of Gaunt’s castle, who had a
manor here: however, great foundations are at the place, and arches
have been taken up by the Captain; whether belonging to that manor
house, castle, or the adjoining St. Peter’s church, now demolished, I
know not.
[40] It is a mistake I was led into by the vulgar opinion of the people
of Grantham: Mr. Stokes was master of the school in Sir Isaac’s time.
[41] 1726, I saw the tomb-stone of this Robert new dug up, in a stable
where was the priory chapel:
ROBERT DE TODĒILE FVDEVR
wrote in large letters with lead cast in them.
[42] I have a brass Claudius, found in Grantham, reverse, +CERES
AVGVSTA+, struck on occasion of that universal dearth mentioned by
St. Luke. Josephus takes notice of it, Ant. Jud. III. 18.
[43] It contains 26,586 principal wheels, any one of which may be
stopped separately, and independent of the rest: one regulator
governs the whole work. It works 73,728 yards of silk every time the
water-wheel goes round, which is thrice in a minute; 318,504,960
yards of silk in a day and night. A girl of eleven years old does the
work of thirty-five persons. One chimney conveys warm air into every
room.
[44] Walter Laci gave to the canons of Lanthony the whole valley where
the abbey was situate, viz. from Kenentesset and Askareswey, by the
_Rudgewey_, to Antefin, and from Haterell, from the land of Sesil
Fitzgilbert, by the _Ruggewey_, to the bounds of Talgarth.
[45] An account of these shells in Phil. Trans. p. 427. V. II.
Mr. collector Terry tells me they find here vast quantities of
antediluvian fir-trees, and peat very deep in the earth: amongst it,
a large hollow gold ring, an inch and a half diameter; and a broad
thick coin of base gold, full of strange unknown characters on both
sides, sold to a goldsmith there; probably an invaluable curiosity.
[46] At Frilsham, a Roman villa by _ad Spinam_, a Roman altar dug up,
dedicated to Jupiter, 1730, in the earl of Abingdon’s grounds.
[47] At Froxfield, south of Ramesbury, upon the _via Trinobantica_, a
Roman villa discovered anno 1724. under a wood two Mosaic pavements.
Lord Winchelsea has the drawings of them. Many antiquities found here.
Howhill near here.
[48] _Lod_ and _Lud_, &c. is a general name for rivers. The river
_Loddon_ runs into the Thames between Reading and Henley. _Loddon_,
the name of a town upon a rivulet running into the Yare near
Yarmouth, Norfolk. _Lutton_, in Holland, Lincolnshire, where all
the drains of the country meet. _Ludlow_, and _Ludford_ near it,
from the river. _Lidston_, in Devonshire, and _Lidford_, anciently a
large town upon the river _Lid_, a branch of the Tamar. _Lidbury_,
upon the river _Liden_, Herefordshire. River _Lid_, in Cumberland.
_Lidesdale_, _Loder_, in Westmoreland. _Luda_ river and town
(Louth) Lincolnshire. _Ludham_, upon a river in Norfolk. _Lug_, in
Herefordshire, a river of note. _Loghor_, a river in Glamorganshire.
Hence _Luguballia_, _Lugotitia_, _Ludgate_, &c.
[49] Wm. of Malmsbury, p. 65 tells a story he had from this Walkerius.
[50] _In longas orbem qui secuere vias._ +Ovid.+ Amor. II. 16.
[51] Among the old Egyptians, Herodotus tells us, (_Euterpe_) one sort
of soldiers was called _Hermotybiæ_; latui _arma_.
[52] The Roman station between London and Hertford (I suppose they
had one every ten miles, if conveniently it could be) was probably
at Cheshunt, anciently _Cestrehunt_; and it is likely there was a
fortification there. Wadesmill retains the name of _Vadum_.
It is very easy to discern where the old Roman road becomes the
present road northward, by the alteration of its direction, near a
little rill between Wadesmill and Ware. Wadesmill was a Roman ford,
_vadum_, _wath_; whence its name: and from hence the Roman road is
the common one, or post road, to Chesterton, or _Durobrivæ_, upon the
river Nen.
K. Edward senior, in 909, the 9th year of his reign, built a castle
there, says H. Hunt; where it is printed _Herefordiam_ instead
of _Hertfordiam_. _Castrum non immensum, sed pulcherrimum, inter
Beneficiam_ (the Bean) _& Mimera & Luge flumina, &c._
Cestrehunt, Cheshunt, is _via ad castrum_. _Huynt_, _hynt_, is in
Welsh a gang, or road, a by-road, short road.
[53] Vast quantities of coins found at Gamlingay, as I am told by Mr.
Peck.
[54] June 11, 1729, Mr. Welby of Denton tells me, Gardiner, who keeps
the Crown inn at _Camboritum_, lately found many Roman coins there,
and sells them for four pence a piece.
[55] Dr. Brady, in his History of England, p. 48. mentions this city.
Hollingshed, p. 92. _b._ of his History of England, says a gate of it
was standing in his time.
[56] _Et_ camuris _hirtæ sub cornibus aures._ +Virg.+ G. III.
[57] The chalk ends about two miles north of Baldoc and Royston.
[58] The market-place at Royston is a large square area, seemingly of
Roman design.