The long expected work of LEUTZE, _Washington Crossing the Delaware_, is

now at the Stuyvesant Institute, and it appears generally to have given the

most perfect satisfaction to the critics; to be regarded indeed as the best

picture yet given to the world in illustration of American history. Our

readers will remember that we have already given in the _International_ a

particular description of it, from a German writer who saw it at

Duesseldorf: so that it is unnecessary here to enter further into details on

the subject. We are pleased to learn that Messrs. Goupil, who own it,

intend to have this work engraved in line by Girardet in the highest style,

and upon a plate of the largest size ever used. The print will indeed cover

a surface equal to that of the famous one of Cardinal Richelieu, which some

of our readers will not fail to remember.

Noctes Amicae.

The "figure we cut" in the Crystal Palace was for a long time a subject of

sneers by amiable foreign critics, and a cause of ingenuous shame by too

sensitive young gentlemen in white gloves, who went over from New-York and

Boston to see society and the show. We remember that Mr. Greeley was said

to be making himself appear excessively ridiculous by writing home that we

should come out very well notwithstanding we had no Kohinoor, and but

little to boast of in the way of fancy articles in general. An excellent

neighbor of ours down Broadway, who left London before the tide turned,

sent a letter to the _Evening Post_, we believe, of the regret felt by the

"respectable Americans in Europe" that we had been so weak as to enter into

this competition at all. But see what the _Times_ has said of the matter

since the first of October:

"One point that strikes us forcibly on a survey of the

last few months is, the extraordinary contrast which

the attractive and the useful features of the display

present. It will be remembered that the American

department was at first regarded as the poorest and

least interesting of all foreign countries. Of late it

has justly assumed a position of the first importance,

as having brought to the aid of our distressed

agriculturists a machine which, if it realizes the

anticipations of competent judges, _will amply

remunerate England for all her outlay connected with

the Great Exhibition_. The reaping machine from the

United States is the most valuable contribution from

abroad to the stock of our previous knowledge that we

have yet discovered."

Again:

"It seems to us that the great event of 1851 will

hereafter be found blemished by a _grand oversight_.

Attracted by the novelty and splendid success of the

occasion, we have certainly yielded more admiration to

the grand and the beautiful than to the unostentatious,

the practical, and the useful. The captivating luxuries

which are adapted to the few have entered more largely

into our imaginations and our hearts, than those

objects which are adapted to supply the homely comforts

and the unpretending wants of the many. We have thought

more of gold and silver work--of silks, satins, and

velvets--of rich brocades, splendid carpets, glowing

tapestry, and all that tends to embellish and adorn

life, than of the vast and still unexplored fields

which the necessities of the humbler classes all over

the world are constantly opening up to us. France has

thus been enabled to run quietly away with fifty-six

out of about one hundred and sixty of our great medals,

while to the department of American "notions" we owe

the most confessed and the most important contribution

to our industrial system."

Again:

"Well worthy of notice is the Maynard primer, a

substitution for the percussion-cap, which is simply a

coil of paper, at intervals in which spots of

detonating powder are placed. The action of the doghead

carries out from the chamber in which it is contained

this cheap and self-acting substitute for the ordinary

gun apparatus, which is a vast economy in expense as

well as in time. In its character the invention is one

which admits of being easily adapted to every

description of firearms at present commonly in use, and

that at a trifling cost."

In the same pleasant way are noticed our Mr. Hobbs, his locks, and a score

or so of similarly ingenious productions; and as for Mr. Palmer's _leg_, it

is declared the chief astonisher contributed by all the world--so perfect,

indeed, that some of the journals recommend a general cutting off of

natural understandings in order to adopt the always comfortable and

well-conditioned substitute introduced by our countryman.

* * * * *

A considerable number of shameless women and feeble-minded men met in

convention--a sort of caldron of sickly sentimentalism, brazen atheism, and

whatever is most ridiculous and disgusting in the diseases of society,--at

Worcester in Massachusetts, on the 14th of October, and continued in

session three days. A Mrs. Rose (who, we understand, generally makes the

leading speeches of the Tom Paine birth-night festivals in New-York), and

Abby Kelley Foster, and William L. Garrison, were among the principal

actors. The main propositions before this convention, so far as they can be

ascertained from the newspaper reports, involve the setting aside of the

laws of God as they are revealed in the Bible; the laws of custom in all

savage and civilized, pagan and Christian communities, in every age; and

the laws of analogy--vindicating the existing order of society--in every

grade of animated nature. Complaints have been made that persons of

character, like the Rev. H. W. Beecher of Brooklyn, in some way sanctioned

the mummery by writing letters to its managers. Such eccentricities may be

pardonable, but the public will be sure to remember them.

* * * * *

A female, probably a cheap dress maker, named Dexter, has been lecturing in

London on the "Bloomer costume;" and it appears to have been assumed by

her, as well as in many English journals, that this ridiculous and indecent

dress is common in American cities, where, as of course our readers know,

if it is ever seen, it is on the persons of an abandoned class, or on those

of vulgar women whose inordinate love of notoriety is apt to display itself

in ways that induce their exclusion from respectable society. _Punch_ has

some very clever caricatures of "Bloomerism," but it would surprise the

conductor of that sprightly paper to learn, that, except persons who walk

our St. Giles's at late hours, scarcely any New-Yorker has ever seen such a

dress.

* * * * *

There have never been remarked so many sudden deaths and suicides in Paris

and in the suburbs, as within the last few weeks. The following is one of

the most extraordinary cases of suicide:

"The body of a young man was found floating in the

Seine, near St. Cloud. The corpse appeared to have

remained some days in the water. The deceased appeared

to have been about 25 years of age, and to have

belonged to the higher class of society. His features

were handsome, his hair brown, and his beard long and

black. His linen was of the finest quality, and his

other clothing made in the latest fashion. A small

glass bottle, corked and sealed, was suspended from his

neck, in which was a paper writing, containing the

following words:--"I am about to die! young, it is

true! and if my body be discovered a complaint may

perhaps be made. This I do not wish. An angel appeared

to me in a dream, who said to me, 'I am the Genius of

France. Royal blood circulates in your veins; but

before you occupy the sovereign power, which parties

are disputing in France, you must go to see the Eternal

Sovereign of all things.... God! ... die. Let the

waters of the Seine swallow your body. Fear not, you

shall revive when the hour of your triumph shall have

struck! I have spoken!' and the angel disappeared. I

have accomplished his desire. But I leave this writing

in case the celestial envoy may have deceived me. I

pray the Attorney-General to prosecute him,

"THE FUTURE KING OF FRANCE."

The body has not been claimed, and the police authorities have instituted

an inquiry to discover his family.

* * * * *

The following clever and extraordinary story is told in the Paris _Droit_:

"A commercial traveller, whose business frequently

called him from Orleans to Paris, M. Edmund D----, was

accustomed to go to an hotel, with the landlord of

which he was acquainted. Liking, like almost all

persons of his profession, to talk and joke, he was the

favorite of everybody in the hotel. A few days ago he

arrived, and was received with pleasure by all, but it

was observed that he was much less gay than usual. The

stories that he told, instead of being interesting as

formerly, were of a lugubrious character. On Thursday

evening, after supper, he invited the people of the

hotel to go to his chamber to take coffee, and he

promised to tell them a tale full of dramatic incident.

On entering the room, his guests saw on the bed, near

which he seated himself, a pair of pistols. 'My story,'

said he, 'has a sad _denouement_, and I require the

pistols to make it clearly understood.' As he had

always been accustomed, in telling his tales, to

indulge expressive pantomime, and to take up anything

which lay handy, calculated to add to the effect, no

surprise was felt at his having prepared pistols. He

began by narrating the loves of a young girl and a

young man. They had both, he said, promised, under the

most solemn oaths, inviolable fidelity. The young man,

whose profession obliged him to travel, once made a

long absence. Whilst he was away, he received a legacy,

and on his return hastened to place it at her feet. But

on presenting himself before her he learned that, in

compliance with the wishes of her family, she had just

married a wealthy merchant. The young man thereupon

took a terrible resolution. 'He purchased a pair of

pistols, like these,' he continued, taking one in each

hand, 'then he assembled his friends in his chamber,

and, after some conversation, placed one under his

chin, in this way, as I do, saying in a joke that it

would be a real pleasure to blow out his brains. And at

the same moment he pulled the trigger.' Here the man

discharged the pistol, and his head was shattered to

pieces. Pieces of the bone and portions of the brain

fell on the horrified spectators. The unfortunate man

had told his own story."

* * * * *

We find in the _Evening Post_ the following notice of the citation of Mr.

G. P. R. JAMES in the courts, under the head of "Brown Linen against Law

Calf:"

"Immediately previous to the sort of intermittent

equinoctial which has recently prevailed, the full

bench of the Supreme Court of Massachusetts, presided

over by Chief Justice Shaw, were at session at Lenox,

in the county of Berkshire. Among the cases that were

brought up for adjudication, was an action of _trespass

quare clausum fregit_, brought by a farmer against a

number of individuals, who in common with many others,

had, at a time last winter, when the public highway was

rendered impassible by ice and snow, made a temporary

road over the farmer's grounds without leave or license

first had and obtained. Mr. Sumner, of Barrington, the

leading counsel of the county, appeared for the

defence, and in enforceing his views, took occasion to

read from Macaulay's late History of England, several

passages to illustrate the state of land communication

in that county, at the time of which he writes. From

that author it appears that upon one occasion, worthy

Mr. Pepys, our friend of the 'naif' diary, while

travelling somewhere (we think in Lincolnshire, but

have not the book before us for reference), got his

'_belle voiture_', as Cardinal Richelieu used to call

his antediluvian vehicle, stuck in the mud so that it

could not be extricated, and Mr. Sumner went on to

argue, that by the common law, Mr. Pepys then was, and

anybody now is, justified, in cases of necessity, in

passing over private domains without becoming liable to

the owner in damages. Mr. Porter, recently District

Attorney, was for the plaintiff, and, in answering that

part of his adversary's argument, to which we have

above alluded, claimed the indulgence of the court to

state, that a certain author had been quoted upon the

other side, who had hardly as yet been recognized as

authority in a court of justice, upon a mere law

question, at least; that such being the case, he

claimed the liberty to read from another writer, the

late historiographer royal of Great Britain, a

gentleman whose statements were certainly entitled to

overrule the others in a question of that sort; and

thereupon Mr. Porter commenced reading the first

chapter of Mr. G. P. R. James's new novel of 'The

Fate,' in which he so indignantly denounces the falsity

of Macaulay's picture of the social condition of

England two centuries ago. This created no little

merriment, both on the bench and among the gentlemen of

the robe, all admitting that it was the first time

within their knowledge, that the black linen and the

brown paper had usurped the place of the consecrated

law calf, before an American tribunal at least."

* * * * *

A French critic has just revealed a portrait of the favorite of Lamartine

and numerous other writers on the Revolution--St. Just, from which it

appears that he was the author of a long poem entitled _Orgaut_. The

opinion which the historians have caused the public to form of this man

was, that he was a fanatic--implacable, but sincere--a ruthless minister of

the guillotine, but deeming wholesale slaughter indispensable for securing,

what he conscientiously considered, the welfare of the people. He was, we

might imagine, something like the gloomy inquisitors of old, who thought it

was doing God service to burn heretics at the stake.

A correspondent of the _Athenaeum_ observes, that "To

justify this opinion, one would have expected to have

found in a poem written by him when the warm and

generous sentiments of youth were in all their

freshness, burning aspirations for what it was the

fashion of his time to call _vertu_, and lavish

protestations of devotedness to his country and the

people. But instead of that, the work is, it appears,

from beginning to end, full of the grossest

obscenity--it is the delirium of a brain maddened with

voluptuousness--it is coarser and more abominable than

the 'Pucelle' of Voltaire, and is not relieved, as that

is, by sparkling wit and graces of style. In a moral

point of view, it is atrocious--in a literary point of

view, wretched. The discovery of such a production will

be a sad blow to the stern fanatics of these days, who

look on the blood-stained men of the Revolution with

admiration and awe--who make them the martyred saints

of their calendar--and whose hope by day and dream by

night is to have the opportunity of imitating them. Of

the whole band St. Just has hitherto been considered

the purest--he has always been accepted as the very

personification of 'virtue' in its most sublime form.

Even the immaculate Maximilien Robespierre himself has

never had the honor of having admitted that he

approached him in moral grandeur. And now, behold! this

'virtuous' angel is proved to have been a debauched and

loathsome-minded wretch! But, to be sure, that was

before he began cutting off heads, and wholesale

murders on the political scaffold redeem a multitude of

sins."

* * * * *

A few days ago the French President received a gift of the most rich

bouquets from the market women of Paris, and at the same time an

application for permission to visit him at the palace. This was granted,

and full three hundred of the flower of the female merchants in fruit and

vegetables of the faubourgs, dressed in their utmost finery, were received

by the officers in attendance, and ushered through the saloons of the

Elysee.

The London _Times_ correspondent says:

"After admiring the furniture, paintings, &c., they

were conducted to the gardens, where they enjoyed

themselves for some time. Refreshments were then laid

out in the dining-room, and they were invited to

partake of the President's hospitality. The champagne

was passing round pretty freely when the President

entered. They received him with acclamations of '_Vive

Napoleon!_' The President, after the usual salutations,

took a glass of wine, and proposed the toast, '_A la

sante des dames de la Halle de Paris!_' which was

responded to in a becoming manner; and '_La sante de

Napoleon!_' was in turn proposed by an elderly matron,

and loudly cheered. The ladies were particularly

pleased at finding the bouquets presented yesterday

arranged in the dining-room. Louis Napoleon chatted for

some time with his visitors, and expressed, in warm

terms, the pleasure he felt at seeing them under his

roof. The ladies requested that one of their

companions--the most distinguished for personal

attractions, as for youth--should be allowed to embrace

him in the name of the others. _Such_ a request no man

could hesitate to grant, and the fair one who was

deputed to bestow the general salute advanced, blushing

and trembling, to perform the duty. Louis Napoleon went

through the pleasing ceremony with much credit to

himself, and apparently to the great satisfaction of

those present. In a short time the visitors asked

permission to retire, after again thanking the

President for the honor he did them. Before separating

they united in one last and loud acclamation of '_Vive

Napoleon_.'"

* * * * *

JOHNSON J. HOOPER, the author of _Captain Simon Suggs_, and several other

works similar to that famous performance in humor and in the

characteristics of southern life, is editor of _The Chambers Tribune_,

published somewhere in Alabama. Few papers have as much of the quality

which is commonly described by the word "spicy." In a late number we have

an election anecdote which will serve as a specimen. The hero is Colonel A.

Q. Nicks, of Talladega. We quote:

"The Colonel had incurred, somehow, the enmity of a

certain preacher--one who had once been ejected from

his church and subsequently restored. The parson,

besides, was no favorite with his neighbors. Well, when

Nicks was nominated, parson Slashem 'norated' it

publicly that when Nicks should be elected, his (the

parson's) land would be for sale, and himself ready to

emigrate. Well, the Colonel went round the county a

time or two, and found he was 'bound to go;' and

shortly after arriving at that highly satisfactory

conclusion, espying the parson in a crowd he was

addressing, sung out to him: 'I say, brother Slashem,

begin to fix up your _muniments_--draw your deeds--I am

going to represent these people, _certain_! But before

you leave, let me give you thanks for declaring your

intention as soon as you did; for on that account I am

getting all of your church and the most part of your

neighbors!' The parson has not been heard of since."

* * * * *

In a late number of Mr. CHARLES DICKENS'S _Household Words_, there is an

amusing and suggestive paper on Nursery Rhymes, wherein the ferocious

morals embalmed in jog-trot verse are indicated, for the reflective

consideration of all parents. A terrible case is made out against these

lisping moralists: slaughter, cruelty, bigotry, injustice, wanton delight

in terrible accidents and awful punishments for trivial offences, ferocity

of every kind--such a mass of "shocking notions" as would people our

nurseries with demons, were it not for the happy indifference of children

to anything but the rhyme, rhythm, and quaint image.

* * * * *

In France, we have the _Univers_ regretting that Luther was not burnt, and

that the church has not still the power to use the stake; and in England we

have the _Rambler_, a journal which is considered the organ of the moderate

party, as distinct from that of the _Tablet_, boldly expressing wishes and

hopes of an even more debatable character. The creed of the king of Naples

is authoritatively declared to be that of every Catholic. In a late number

it is said--

"Believe us not, Protestants of England and Ireland,

for an instant, when you see us pouring forth our

liberalisms. When you hear a Catholic orator at some

Catholic assemblage declaring solemnly that 'this is

the most humiliating day in his life, when he is called

upon to defend once more the glorious principle of

religious freedom'--(especially if he says any thing

about the Emancipation Act and the 'toleration' it

_conceded_ to Catholics)--be not too simple in your

credulity. These are brave words, but they mean

nothing; no, nothing more than the promises of a

parliamentary candidate to his constituents on the

hustings. _He is not talking Catholicism, but nonsense

and Protestantism_; and he will no more act on these

notions in different circumstances, than _you_ now act

on them yourselves in your treatment of him. You ask,

if he were lord in the land, and you were in a

minority, if not in numbers yet in power, what would he

do to you? That, we say, would entirely depend upon

circumstances. If it would benefit the cause of

Catholicism, he would tolerate you: if expedient he

would imprison you, banish you, fine you; possibly, _he

might even hang you_. But be assured of one thing: he

would never tolerate you for the sake of the 'glorious

principles of civil and religious liberty.'"

Again, it is said--

"Why are we so anxious to make the church wear the garb

of the world? Why do we stoop, and bow, and cringe

before that enemy whom we are sent to conquer and

_annihilate_? Why are we ashamed of the deeds of our

more consistent forefathers, _who did only what they

were bound to do by the first principles of

Catholicism_?... Shall I foster that damnable doctrine,

that Socinianism, and Calvinism, and Anglicanism, and

Judaism, are not every one of them mortal sins, like

murder and adultery? Shall I lend my countenance to

this unhappy persuasion of my brother, that he is not

flying in the face of Almighty God every day that he

remains a Protestant? Shall I hold out hopes to him

that I will not meddle with his creed if he will not

meddle with mine? Shall I lead him to think that

religion is a matter for private opinion, and tempt him

to forget _that he has no more right to his religious

views than he has to my purse, or my house, or my

life-blood_? No! Catholicism is the most intolerant of

creeds. It is intolerance itself, for it is truth

itself. We might as rationally maintain that a sane man

has a right to believe that two and two do not make

four, as this theory of religious liberty. Its impiety

is only equalled by its absurdity."

We refer above to the _Univers_, the organ of the Roman Catholic party in

France. The editor of that print, at a dinner recently given for Bishop

Hughes, at the Astor House, was complimented in a toast by our excellent

collector, Maxwell, who, of course, endorses the following choice

paragraph:

"A heretic," observes the editor of the _Univers_,

"examined and convicted by the church, used to be

delivered over to the secular power, and punished with

death. Nothing has ever appeared to us more natural, or

more necessary. More than 100,000 persons perished in

consequence of the heresy of Wicliff; a still greater

number by that of John Huss; it would not be possible

to calculate the bloodshed caused by the heresy of

Luther, and _it is not yet over_. After three centuries

we are at the eve of a recommencement. The prompt

repression of the disciples of Luther, and a crusade

against Protestantism, would have spared Europe three

centuries of discord and of catastrophes in which

France and civilization may perish. It was under the

influence of such reflections that I wrote the phrase

which has so excited the virtuous indignation of the

Red journals. Here it is:--'For my part, I avow frankly

my regret is not only that they did not sooner burn

John Huss, but that they did not equally burn Luther;

and I regret, further, that there had not been at the

same time some prince sufficiently pious and politic to

have made a crusade against the Protestants.' Well,

this paragraph might have been better penned; but as I

have the happiness to belong to those who care little

about mere forms of expression, I will not revoke it. I

accept it as it is, and with a certain satisfaction at

finding myself faithful to my opinions. That which I

wrote in 1838 I still believe. Let the Red

philanthropists print their declaration in any sort of

type they please, and as often as they please. Let them

add their commentaries, and place all to my account.

The day that I cancel it, they will be justified in

holding the opinion of me which I hold of them."

Far be it from us to meddle with the quarrels of the theologians--even by

reprinting any attack an adversary makes on the worst of them. We merely

copy these paragraphs from famous defenders of the Catholic Church, as an

act of justice to her, against those slandering Protestants who say she has

changed--she, the infallible and ever consistent!

* * * * *

The "leading journal of the world" occasionally indulges in a pleasantry,

as in this example:

"A surgical operation under the influence of chloroform

has just terminated fatally, to the regret of the

public, to whom the patient was well known. One of the

brown bears in the Zoological Garden suffering from

cataract of the eye, an eminent surgeon and a party of

_gelehrter_ assembled to undertake his cure. Bruin was

tempted to the bars of his den by the offer of some

bread, and then secured by ropes and a muzzle. After a

stout resistance, chloroform was administered. In a

state of insensibility the cataract was removed, and

the bonds untied, but the patient showed no signs of

life! Feathers to the nose, cold buckets of water, and

bleeding produced no effect. Poor Bruin had gone

whither the great tortoise, two ostriches, and the

African lion have preceded him, for the managers of the

Berlin gardens are decidedly unlucky. With the trifling

drawback of the death of the subject, the operation was

skilfully and successfully performed."

* * * * *

We find the following anecdote as related by Baron OLDHAUSEN: it conveys an

admirable lesson:

"Charles XII., of Sweden, condemned a soldier, and

stood at a distance from the place of execution. The

fellow, when he heard this, was in hopes of a pardon,

but being assured that he was mistaken, replied with a

loud voice, 'My tongue is still free, and I will use it

at my pleasure.' He did so, and charged the king, with

much insolence, and as loud as he could speak, with

injustice and barbarity, and appealed to God for

revenge. The king, not hearing him distinctly, inquired

what the soldier had been saying. A general officer,

unwilling to sharpen his resentment against the poor

man, told his majesty he had only repeated with great

earnestness, 'That God loves the merciful, and teaches

the mighty to moderate their anger.' The king was

touched by these words, and sent his pardon to the

criminal. A courtier, however, in an opposite interest,

availed himself of this occasion and repeated to the

king exactly the licentious expressions which the

fellow uttered, adding gravely, that 'men of quality

ought never to misrepresent facts to their sovereign.'

The king for some moments stood pausing, and then

turned to the courtier, saying, with reproving looks,

'This is the first time I have been betrayed to my

advantage; but the lie of your enemy gave me more

pleasure than your truth has done.'"

* * * * *

A report is current in Europe that an expedition is to be sent from France

into the sea of Japan. It is said that it will consist of a frigate, a

corvette, and a steamer, under the orders of a Rear-Admiral who has long

navigated in the Pacific Ocean and the Chinese seas. "This expedition

will", it is added, "be at once military, commercial, and scientific, and

has for object to open to European commerce states which have been closed

against it since the sixteenth century." Notwithstanding the sanction which

the principle involved received a few years ago, from an illustrious

American, we cannot regard the proposed expedition otherwise than as an act

of the most shameless villainy by a nation. The Japanese are a peculiar

race, and our readers who have seen a series of articles on the subject of

their civilization and polity in late numbers of the _Tribune_, will not be

disposed to think the people of Japan inferior to those of France, just

now, in any of the best elements of a state. We, as well as the Japanese

themselves, understand perfectly well that the opening of their ports to

the Europeans and Americans, would be followed by the demoralization and

overthrow of their empire.

* * * * *

Mr. CARLYLE, in the following brief composition, of which the original was

shown us a few days ago, furnishes a model for autograph writers.

"George W. C----, of Philadelphia, wants my autograph,

and here gets it: much good may it do him.

T. CARLYLE.

LONDON, _November 2, 1850_."

* * * * *

The following on the silence of wives under conjugal infelicity, is as

sententious and as true as any thing in La Bruyere:

"However much a woman may detest her husband, the

grievance is too irremediable for her to find any

comfort in talking about it; there is never any

consolation in complaining of great troubles--silence

and forgetfulness are the only anodynes. Women have

generally a Spartan fortitude in the matter of

husbands: if they have made an unblessed choice, it is

a secret they instinctively conceal from the world,

cloaking their sufferings under every imaginable color

and pretence. They apparently feel that to blame their

husbands is to blame themselves at second-hand."

* * * * *

We published in the _International_ some time ago a sketch, pleasantly

written, of the eccentric Lord Chancellor Thurlow, and his terrible

swearing. The following from the Manchester _Courier_, shows that the great

lawyer has a worthy follower in Baron Platt:

"At the recent assizes at Liverpool, a stabbing case

from Manchester was heard before Baron Platt, who, in

summing up to the jury, used these words: 'One of the

witnesses tells you that he said to the prisoner, 'If

you use your knife you are a d----d coward;' I say

also,' continued the learned judge, apparently in deep

thought, 'that he was a d----d coward, and any man is a

d----d coward who will use a knife.'"

* * * * *

The printers of London are endeavoring to establish, in imitation of the

_Printers' Library_ in New-York, a literary institution to be called "The

Printers' Athenaeum," and have received considerable encouragement from

compositors, and the trades connected with printing, as typefounders,

bookbinders, engravers, letter-press and copper-plate printers, &c., the

members of which are eligible. The object is to combine the social

advantages of a club with the mental improvement of a literary and

scientific institution, and to adapt them for the position and

circumstances of the working classes. All persons engaged in the production

of a newspaper, or book, such as editors, authors, reporters, readers, &c.,

although strictly not belonging to the profession, are competent to become

members, and persons not so connected will be permitted to join the society

on their being proposed by a member. It is expected that the Athenaeum will

be opened before the commencement of the ensuing year.

* * * * *

A MADRID correspondent writes to one of the London journals:

"The infant princess to whom the Duchess of Montpensier

has just given birth has received the names of Maria

Amalia Luisa Enriqueta Felipa Antonia Fernanda Cristina

Isabel Adelaida Jesusa Josefa Joaquina Ana Francisca de

Asis Justa Rufina Francisca de Paula Ramona Elena

Carolina Bibiana Polonia Gaspara Melchora Baltasara

Augustina Sabina."

Doubtless there was an extra charge for the christening.

Historical Review of the Month.

An increasing activity is observable in whatever points to the next

Presidential election, and several eminent persons have recently defined

their relations to the most exciting and important questions to be affected

in that contest. Among others, ex-Vice President Dallas, ex-Secretary of

the Navy Paulding, and Mr. Henry Clay, have written letters on the state of

the nation as respects the slavery question. Meantime, the people of South

Carolina have repudiated the doctrine and policy of secession by electing

only two members in the whole state favorable to their views in the

Convention called for the consideration of that subject; Georgia and

Mississippi have given overwhelming majorities on the same side; and

Pennsylvania appears to have asserted not less unquestionably her

attachment to the Union and the Compromise, in electing Mr. Bigler

governor.

The affairs of the several states are without special significance except

in the matter of elections, of which we have indicated the general results

as altogether favorable to the Union and the enforcement of the laws of

Congress. Returns, however, are at the time when we go to press so

imperfect, that we attempt no particular details respecting candidates or

majorities. In Pennsylvania and Ohio, as in the Southern States, the

democrats have a perfect ascendency; in Maryland the whigs have been

successful; in California it appears to be doubtful as to the Governor, but

the democrats have a control in the Legislature.

The most important news from California relates to the movement for

dividing the state, and making that part of it lying south of the

thirty-seventh degree of north latitude a separate commonwealth. If this

project should be carried into effect, slavery would, no doubt, be

introduced into Southern California; but there is not much prospect of its

being successful. A convention of delegates from the southern counties, to

be held at Los Angelos, Santa Barbara, or Monterey, is called for the

purpose of interchanging sentiments on the subject, so that the Legislature

may take the matter into consideration. The accounts from the mining

districts continue to be favorable; improvements are in successful progress

in various gold-bearing districts; and the yield of the precious metal is

such as to reward the enterprise and industry of the miner. San Francisco

and Sacramento have again been disgraced by the conduct of scoundrel bands

usurping the functions of government and putting to death such persons as

were obnoxious to their prejudices or guilty of offences which the law

officers might have punished.

From the Mormon City at Salt Lake, intelligence is received of continued

prosperity. Mr. Bernheisel, last year agent for the territory in this city

to obtain a library for Utah, is chosen territorial delegate to Congress.

After a protracted contest for Provisional Bishop of the diocese of

New-York, Dr. Creighton, of Tarrytown, has been elected to that office. He

is a native of this city, and graduated in Columbia College in 1812,

afterwards officiated in Grace Church, was next appointed Rector of St.

Mark's, Bowery, whence he was called to Tarrytown, where he now resides.

Louis Kossuth, having been set at liberty by the Turkish government, will

very soon arrive in the United States, where extraordinary demonstrations

of respect will be offered to him in several of the principal cities. About

nine months ago Kossuth committed to the care of Mr. Frank Taylor, a young

American visiting Broussa, the MS. of an address to the people of this

country, which was published in a translation, at New-York, on the 18th of

October--having been withheld until that time lest its earlier appearance

should affect injuriously the interests of its author in Europe. The

friends of liberty will rejoice that Kossuth is free, and in a land of

liberty; but it is not improbable that future events will demonstrate, that

the Austrian government was not altogether unreasonable in protesting

against his enlargement. Kossuth and Mazzini are scarcely less terrible to

tyrants, as writers, than as the leaders of armies and the masters of

cabinets.

Although extraordinary prosperity in a state may sometimes lead to

arrogance and injustice, the position of this country toward several

European powers who intimate an intention of compelling a certain policy on

our part in regard to Spain, must insure a triumphant consideration of the

_Union_, in which we have a strength that may laugh their leagues to scorn.

The details of an arrangement between Spain, France, and Great Britain, are

not yet perfectly understood in the United States, but it is generally

known that some plan has been adopted which will be likely to draw from the

Secretary of State a sequel to his letter to Mr. Hulseman, the Austrian

_charge d'Affaires_, whose experiences were made known a year ago.

The vessels of the American exploring expedition in search of Sir John

Franklin returned--the _Advance_ on the 30th of September, and the

_Rescue_, which had separated from her on the banks of Newfoundland, a few

days after. It is probable that a full account of this heroic enterprise,

so honorable to its authors and to all engaged in it, will soon be given to

the public, by Dr. Kane, or one of the other officers; and as any such

brief statement as we could present of its history would be unsatisfactory,

we shall not now go further into details than to say no traces of Sir John

Franklin, except such as we have already noticed, were discovered, and that

the crews came home after a year's absence in excellent health. The nearly

simultaneous return of the British expedition has caused considerable

discussion in England. It appears to be felt very generally that it is not

justifiable to abandon the pursuit until the fate of Sir John Franklin has

been demonstrated by actual observation. Such satisfaction is due to

science and to humanity. Proposals are now, we believe, before the

Admiralty, for sending into the Arctic seas one or more steamers, with

which alone the search can be advantageously prosecuted further.

A New-York ship, the Flying Cloud, made the passage round the Horn to San

Francisco in ninety days--shorter than any voyage on record. Her fastest

day's run was 374 miles, beating the fleetest of Collins's steamers by

fifty miles. In three successive days she made 992 miles. At this rate she

would cross the Atlantic in less than nine days.

Discouraging accounts have been received respecting the whale fleet in the

North Pacific Ocean. After wintering in the gulf of Anadir, the fleet

attempted to pass into the Arctic Ocean, when it became surrounded with

fields of ice, by which not less than eight vessels are known to have been

destroyed, and it was supposed that upwards of sixty others had experienced

the same fate. Some of the crews of the lost ships reached the main land,

but afterwards got into difficulty with the natives and in consequence many

of them were killed. The whale fishing, during the season, is said to have

been an entire failure, and a number of vessels were on their return to the

northwest coast, in the hope of retrieving their ill fortune.

Several disastrous "accidents" have recently happened in various parts of

the country. On the 21st September, the steamer James Jackson, exploded

near Shawneetown in Illinois, killing and wounding 35. On the 26th

September, the Brilliant exploded near Bayou Sara, killing a yet larger

number; and many such events of less importance, but probably involving

more or less criminality, have occurred on steamboats and railroads in

various parts of the country. The most destructive fire since the

completion of our last number was one at Buffalo, commencing on the 25th

September, and continuing until 200 buildings, on more than 30 acres, were

destroyed, and an immense number of poor families were made homeless. The

fire extended over the meanest part of the town, but the loss is estimated

at $300,000. For several days a destructive gale prevailed along the

eastern coast, producing an immense loss of life; a large number of dead

bodies were taken from the holds of vessels. Great excitement has prevailed

in Gloucester, Newburyport and other towns, a large portion of whose

populations were exposed to the fury of the storm. Further east, on the

coast of Nova-Scotia, the remains of sixty persons, lost during the storm,

are said to have been buried in one grave. No less than 160 vessels, of all

kinds, are reported to have been wrecked.

The Grand Jury sitting at Philadelphia have found bills of indictment

against four white men and twenty-seven negroes, for treason, in

participating in the outrage at Christiana, in the state of Pennsylvania.

At Syracuse on the 1st of October an attempt was made to rescue a slave,

but he was captured and his abettors arrested and conveyed to Auburn for

examination.

The jury in the case of Margaret Garrity, who was tried at Newark for the

murder of a man named Drum, who seduced her under a promise of marriage,

and afterwards deserted her for another, rendered a verdict of not guilty,

on the ground of insanity, on the 13th ult. This disgraceful proceeding had

precedents in New Jersey, and it appears to have excited but little of the

indignation which it deserved. Margaret Garrity murdered her paramour under

extraordinary circumstances, which, doubtless, would have had proper weight

with the pardoning power. It is evidently absurd to say, that she, more

than any murderess, was insane, and the jury were altogether unjustifiable

in rendering a verdict which is unsupported by evidence; and of an

assumption of the authority of the Governor of the State, in setting at

liberty a criminal for whose conduct there appeared to be merely some sort

of extenuation or excuse in the conduct of her victim. It would be as well

to have no juries as juries so ignorant or reckless of their obligations.

A general council of the once grand confederacy of the Five Nations of

Indians, the Mohawks, Onondagas, Oneidas, Cayugas, Senecas, and

Tuscaroras--was held at Tonawanda on Friday, September 19th, to celebrate

the funeral rites of their last Grand Sachem, John Blacksmith, deceased,

and of electing a Grand Sachem in his place, electing Chiefs, &c. Ely S.

Parker (Do-ne-ha-ga-wa), was proclaimed Grand Sachem of the Six Nations. He

was invested with the silver medal presented by Washington to the

celebrated war-chief Red Jacket, and worn by him until his death.

The new Canadian Ministry, so far as formed, is as follows:

Inspector-General, Mr. Hincks; President of the Council, Dr. Rolph;

Postmaster-General, Malcolm Cameron; Commissioner of Crown Lands, William

Morris; Attorney-General for Canada West, W. B. Richards; Attorney-General

for Canada East, Mr. Drummond; Provincial Secretary, Mr. Morin. Three

appointments are yet to be made. The government will be eminently liberal.

A revolution set on foot in Northern Mexico promises to be successful. The

chief causes alleged by the conspirators are the enormous duties upon

imports, and too severe punishment for smuggling, the excessive authority

of the Central Government over the individual States, the quartering of

regular troops upon citizens, the mal-administration of the national

finances, the bad system of military government inherited from the Spanish

establishment, and the want of a system of public education. The insurgents

declare that they lay aside all idea of secession or annexation, yet it is

not impossible that the movement will soon have such an end. The revolution

commenced at Camargo, where the insurgents attacked the Mexicans, and came

off victorious, having taken the town by storm, with a loss on the side of

the Mexicans of 60. The Government troops were intrenched in a church with

artillery. The revolutionists are commanded by Carvajal, who has also with

him two companies of Texans. At our last dates, the 9th of September, they

had taken the town of Reynosa, meeting but little resistance. One

field-piece and a quantity of other arms fell into their hands. General

Canales, the Governor of Tamaulipas, was approaching Metamoras, and General

Avalajos was on the way to meet him, whether as friend or foe is uncertain.

It was supposed that Canales would assume the chief command of the

revolutionists.

From New Grenada we learn that General Herrara has entirely subdued the

revolt lately undertaken, and that the country is quiet. A revolt has

broken out in Chili (a country remarkable in South America for the

stability of its affairs), and in several towns the troops had declared in

favor of a new man for the Presidency: the disorganizers were sweeping all

before them, and the country was in a most excited condition. From

Montevideo the latest intelligence is so confused that we can arrive at no

definite conclusion, except that the domestic war is prosecuted with

unusual savageness. An insurrection has broken out in the states of San

Salvador and Guatemala. General Carrera, with a force of 1,500 men, had

attacked the enemy in San Salvador, who mustered 4,000 strong, and defeated

them with a loss of four men killed. He then evacuated the country.

From Great Britain we have no political news of importance. The royal

family were still in the north. The whig politicians appear to be agitating

new schemes of parliamentary reform, and several distinguished persons have

recently made addresses to their constituents. Sir Edward Bulwer Lytton is

before his county as a protectionist candidate for the House of Commons,

with fair prospects. The submarine telegraph to France has been completed.

The great cable which was intended to reach the whole distance proved too

short by half a mile, owing to the irregularity of the line in which it was

laid down. It was pieced out with a coil of wire coated with gutta percha.

This will, however, have to be taken up and supplied with cable. The

connection is complete with France, and messages are sent across with

perfect success. Mr. Lawrence, the American minister, having gone to

Ireland, for the purpose of seeing the scenery of the country, has been

embarrassed with honors; public addresses have been presented to him,

banquets given to him, railway directors and commissioners of harbors have

attended him in his journeys, a steamboat was specially fitted up to carry

him down the Shannon, and in every way such demonstrations of interest and

honor were offered as were suitable for a people's reception of a messenger

from the home of their children. The visit of Mr. Lawrence promises some

happy results in directing attention to projects for a steam communication

directly with the United States. The differences between the government of

Calcutta and the court of Hyderabad, have been arranged for the present

without any actual confiscation of the Nizam's territory. A considerable

sum has been lodged in the hands of the Resident, and security offered for

the partial liquidation of the remainder. Moolraj, the ex-Dewan of Mooltan,

expired on the 11th August, while on his journey to the fortress of

Allahabad, and the Vizier Yar Mohammed Khan, of Herat, died on the 4th of

June. The eldest son of the latter, Seyd Mahommed Khan, has succeeded to

the throne of Herat. Dost Mohammed is resolved to oppose him, and, for that

purpose, has placed his son, Hyder Khan, at the head of a large army, with

orders to invade Herat. The Admiralty have advertised for tenders for a

monthly mail line of screw-steamers to and from England and the west coast

of Africa. The ports to be touched at are Goree, Bathurst, Sierra Leone,

Monrovia (Liberia), Cape Coast Castle, Accra, Whydah Badagry, Lagos, Bonny,

Old Calabar, Cameroons, and Fernando Po. The whole range of the slave coast

will thus be included; and it is understood that the object of the line,

which, in the first instance, of course will carry scarcely any passengers

or letters, is to promote the extinction of that traffic, not only by

cultivating commerce with the natives, but by the rapid and regular

information it will convey from point to point. Of the Caffre war, we have

intelligence by an arrival at Boston direct from the Cape of Good Hope,

later than has been received by way of England. There appeared to be some

prospect of the war being brought to a close; reinforcements of troops had

arrived, and Sir Harry Smith, the Governor, was in excellent spirits. In

the mean time, however, the Caffres and Hottentots continued making sad

havoc on the settlements, and the people were suffering from a lack of

provisions, and cattle and stock were starving to death. Efficient measures

however had in England been taken for their relief.

From France, in the recess of the Assembly, there is no news of general

importance. The persecution of the press, by which more than one ruler of

that country has heretofore lost his place, is persevered in, and a large

number of editors (including two sons of Victor Hugo) have been imprisoned

and fined. All foreigners intending to reside permanently in Paris, or

exercise any calling there, must henceforth present themselves personally

to the authorities, and obtain permission to remain. This new and stringent

police-regulation is, it is said, to be extended to every department of

France. Such fear of foreigners contrasts strangely with the unsuspicious

welcome which they receive in America and England. The President is

evidently not willing his "subjects" should know what the world says of his

administration.

The Government of Naples has caused to be published a formal reply to Mr.

Gladstone's letters to Lord Palmerston in respect to its unjustifiable

severity to political prisoners, particularly the ex-minister Poerio. It

mainly consists of an exposure of some inaccuracies of detail on the part

of Mr. Gladstone, such as an exaggeration of the number of political

prisoners at present confined in Naples, the alleged innocence of Poerio,

the unhealthy state of the prisons, &c.; but it does not do away with the

charge of savage severity in the punishment of Poerio and his

fellow-prisoners, which formed the main accusation advanced by Mr.

Gladstone against the Neapolitan Government, and it is not likely in any

considerable degree to affect the opinion of the world on the subject. The

Papal Court has addressed a note to the French Government, complaining of

the toleration, by the latter, of incendiary writings against Italian

states. The note observes that if the French journals were not to publish

these writings, the demagogues would be at a loss for organs of

circulation, because the English newspapers are much less read in Italy.

The Emperor of Austria has been making a tour through his Italian

provinces, in which he has been received with "respectful silence" in

streets deserted by all except the military and ungoverned children.

From a diplomatic correspondence between the representatives of Austria and

Turkey, in regard to the liberation of Kossuth and his companions, it is

very evident that Austria feels very keenly the discomfiture she has

sustained, and that she will be very likely to resent this disregard of her

wishes, by seeking cause of war with Turkey. She is stirring up rebellion

in the Bosnian provinces, and concentrating her troops upon that frontier,

to take advantage of any contingency that may arise. The authorities in

Hungary have been absurd enough to evince the spleen of the Austrians in

hanging effigies of Kossuth and his associates, condemned for treason _in

contumace_.

In Portugal vigorous preparations were being made for elections, in which

it was expected that Saldanha's friends would generally be defeated. At the

Cape de Verde Islands a terrible disease, described as a black plague, was

very fatal.

The differences between the governments of Turkey and Egypt are still

unsettled, and the fate of the Egyptian railroad therefore remains

doubtful.

Scientific Discoveries and Proceedings of Learned Societies.

Some recently received numbers of the _Nordische Biene_ contain interesting

information concerning the organization and labors of the Russian

Geographical Society. This body, like the Geographical and Statistical

Society organized a few weeks since in New-York, is modelled upon the

general plan of the Royal Geographical Society in London. It is, however,

far from being so universal in its aims; in fact, its members confine their

investigations to the Russian empire, and to tribes and countries

contiguous therewith. The annual meeting is held on April 5th. At the last,

two prizes were given; one of these was a gold medal offered by Prince

Constantine, the other a money prize for the best statistical work. The

medal was awarded to Lieutenant-Colonel Buckhardt Lemm, for a series of

astronomical observations, determining the latitude and longitude of some

four hundred places in Russia and the neighboring regions in Asia, as far

as Mesched in Persia. These determinations are of particular value for the

geography of inner Asia. The statistical prize was awarded to a Mr.

Woronoff for a historical and statistical survey of the educational

establishments in the district of St. Petersburg from 1715 to 1828. It is

in fact a history of the development of mental culture in that most

important part of the empire. The annual report, giving a survey of the

Society's doings, was interesting. A special object of attention is the

publication of maps of the separate governments or provinces. The Society

had also caused an expedition to be sent to the Ural, under Colonel

Hoffmann. The triangulation of the country about Mount Ararat had been

completed. A map of Asia Minor had been prepared by Col. Bolotoff, and sent

to Paris to be engraved; a map of the Caspian sea, and the countries

surrounding it, was nearly completed by Mr. Chanykoff; the same savan was

still at work on a map of Asia between 35 deg. and 40 deg. north latitude, and 61 deg.

and 81 deg. east longitude; two astronomers were engaged in that region making

observations to assist in its completion. Another map of Kokand and Bokhara

was also forthcoming, and the Society had employed Messrs Butakoff and

Chanykoff to prepare a complete atlas of Asia between 33 deg. and 56 deg. north

latitude and 65 deg. and 100 deg. east longitude. A Russian nobleman had given

12,000 rubles to pay for making and publishing a Russian translation of

Ritter's geography, but the society had determined not to undertake so

immense a work (it is some 15,000 printed pages), and had determined only

to take up those countries which have an immediate interest for Russia,

using along with Ritter a great body of materials to which he had not

access. These countries are Southern Siberia, Northern China, Turan,

Korassan, Afghanistan and Persia. In Ritter's work these occupy 4,500

pages. No doubt the labors of the Society will greatly enrich geographical

science.

The Society have in hand an expedition to the peninsula of Kamschatka, in

which they have been greatly assisted by the contributions of private

persons. They also promise a classification of a vast collection of objects

they have received bearing upon the ethnography of Russia.

* * * * *

We learn from the last Number of the _Revue des Deux Mondes_ that the

French government has lately made a literary acquisition of no ordinary

interest and value. A French gentleman of the name of Perret has been

engaged for six years in exploring THE CATACOMBS UNDER ROME, and copying,

with the most minute and scrupulous fidelity, the remains of ancient art

which are hidden in those extraordinary chambers. Under the authority of

the papal government, and assisted by M. Savinien Petit, an accomplished

French artist, M. Perret has explored the whole of the sixty catacombs

together with the connecting galleries. Burying himself for five years in

this subterranean city, he has thoroughly examined every part of it, in

spite of difficulties and perils of the gravest character: for example, the

refusal of his guides to accompany him; dangers resulting from the

intricacy of the passages, from the necessity for clearing a way through

galleries choked up with earth which fell in from above almost as fast as

it was removed; hazards arising from the difficulty of damming up streams

of water which ran in upon them from above, and from the foulness of the

air and consequent difficulty of breathing and preserving light in the

lower chambers;--all these, and many other perils, have been overcome by

the honorable perseverance of M. Perret, and he has returned to France with

a collection of drawings which extends to 360 sheets in large folio; of

which 154 sheets contain representations of frescoes, 65 of monuments, 23

of paintings on glass (medallions inserted in the walls and at the bottoms

of vases) containing 86 subjects, 41 drawings of lamps, vases, rings, and

instruments of martyrdom to the number of more than 100 subjects, and

finally 90 contain copies of more than 500 sepulchral inscriptions. Of the

154 drawings of frescoes two-thirds are inedited, and a considerable number

have been only lately discovered. Amongst the latter are the paintings on

the celebrated wells of Platonia, said to have been the place of interment,

for a certain period, of St. Peter and St. Paul. This spot was ornamented

with frescoes by order of Pope Damasus, about A.D. 365, and has ever since

remained closed up. Upon opening the empty tomb, by permission of the Roman

government, M. Perret discovered fresco paintings representing the Saviour

and the Apostles, and two coffins [tombeaux] of Parian marble. On the

return of M. Perret to France, the minister of the interior (M. Leon

Faucher) entered into treaty with him for the acquisition of his collection

for the nation. The purchase has been arranged, and the necessary amount,

upwards of 7,500_l._, obtained by a special vote of the National Assembly.

The drawings will be published by the French government in a style

commensurate with their high importance, both as works of art and as

invaluable monuments of Christian antiquity.

* * * * *

A Dr. JECKER has left the Paris _Academy of Sciences_ $40,000 to found an

annual prize in organic chemistry.

Recent Deaths.

The celebrated Mrs. SHERWOOD, the most popular and universally known female

writer of the last generation, died on the 22d of September, at Twickenham,

in England. She was a daughter of Dr. George Butt, chaplain to George III.,

vicar of Kidderminster, and rector of Stanford, in the county of Worcester.

Dr. Butt was the representative of the family of Sir William De Butts, well

known as physician to Henry VIII., and mentioned as such by Shakspeare.

Mary Martha Butt, afterwards Mrs. Sherwood, was born at Stanford,

Worcestershire, on the 6th of May, 1775. In 1803 she married her cousin,

Henry Sherwood, of the 53d regiment of foot. In 1805 she accompanied her

husband to India, where, in consequence of her zealous labors in the cause

of religion amongst the soldiers and natives dwelling around her, Henry

Martyn and the Right Rev. Daniel Corrie, D.D., late Bishop of Madras,

became acquainted with her, and the intimacy which then commenced also

remained unbroken until death. Her principal works were that favorite tale

of _Little Henry and his Bearer_, _The Lady of the Manor_, _The Church

Catechism_, _The Nun_, _Henry Milner_, _The Fairchild Family_, and more

recently, _The Golden Garland of Inestimable Delights_. In some of her

later compositions, she evinced a tendency to the doctrine of the

Universalists, which lessened her popularity. The great number of her books

prevents an enumeration of even the most popular of them. Mrs. Sherwood's

husband, Captain Sherwood, expired, after a most trying illness, at

Twickenham, on the 6th of December, 1849; the fatigue she went through, in

devoted attention to him, and the bereavement she experienced at the

severance by fate of a union of nearly half a century, were the ultimate

causes of her own demise. Though she was of advanced age, her mental

faculties never failed her, and she preserved a religious cheerfulness of

mind to the last. She expired, surrounded by her family, leaving one son,

the Rev. Henry Martyn Sherwood, Rector of Broughton-Hacket, and Vicar of

White Ladies Aston, Worcestershire, and two daughters. The elder daughter

is the wife of a clergyman, and mother of a numerous family. The younger

has always resided with her parent; she has of late years ably assisted in

her mother's writings, and bids fair to sustain well her reputation. She

has been, we are informed, intrusted, by her mother's especial desire, with

the papers containing the records of Mrs. Sherwood's life, which is

intended soon for publication. The editions of Mrs. Sherwood's writings

have been numerous. The best is that of the Harpers, in ten or twelve

volumes.

* * * * *

Rev. JAMES H. HOTCHKISS, died at Prattsburgh, Steuben county, New-York, on

September 2d, aged seventy years. He was the author of a _History of the

Churches in Western New-York_, published in a large octavo volume, about

two years ago, and had just preached his half-century sermon. He was the

son of Rev. Beriah Hotchkiss, the pioneer missionary of large sections of

the State of New-York. The son graduated at Williams College, 1800; studied

theology with Dr. Porter, of Catskill, was ordained by an Association,

installed at East Bloomfield in 1802, removed to Prattsburgh in 1809, and

there labored twenty-one years. The _Genesee Evangelist_ gives the

following sketch of his character:

"He had a mind of a strong, masculine order, well disciplined by various

reading, and remarkably stored with general knowledge. The doctrinal views

of the good old orthodox New England stamp, which he imbibed at first, he

maintained strenuously to the last; and left a distinct impression of them

wherever he had an opportunity to inculcate them. His labors, through the

half-century, were 'abundant,' and indefatigable; and to him, more than to

any other one man probably, is the Genesee country indebted for its present

literary, moral and religious character. Under his ministry there were many

religious revivals, and some signal ones, especially in Prattsburgh. The

years 1819 and 1825 were eminently signalized in this way. He had the

happiness of closing his life in the scenes of his greatest usefulness."

* * * * *

BRIGADIER-GENERAL HENRY WHITING, of the Quartermaster's Department, died at

St Louis, Mo., on the 16th of September. He arrived at St Louis, as we

learn from the _Republican_ of the 17th, on Sunday, the 14th, from a tour

of official duty in Texas, being in his usual health. On Tuesday afternoon,

while in his room at the Planter's House, he was, without any premonition

whatever, stricken dead instantaneously. The cause of his death, in all

probability, was an affection of the heart. His remains were taken to

Jefferson Barracks on the 17th, for interment.

Gen. Whiting, who was among the oldest officers of the army, was a native

of Lancaster, in Massachusetts, a son of Gen. John Whiting, also a native

of that place. He was not only an accomplished officer in the department in

which he has spent a large portion of his life, but he made extensive

scientific and literary attainments, and was a gentleman of great private

worth. In hours stolen from official duties, he was for many years a large

contributor to the literature of the country. His articles which from time

to time appeared in the _North-American Review_, were of an eminently

practical and useful character, and highly creditable to his scholarship

and sound judgment. The biographical sketch of the late President Taylor,

in a recent number, confined chiefly to his military life, and embracing a

graphic description of the extraordinary successes in Mexico, was from Gen.

Whiting's pen. He published a few years ago an important collection of the

_General Orders of Washington_. He was deserving of praise also as a poet

and as a dramatic author.

* * * * *

COMMODORE LEWIS WARRINGTON, of the United States navy, died in Washington,

on the 12th October, after a painful illness. He was a native of Virginia,

and was born in November, 1782. From a sketch of his life in the _Herald_,

it appears that he entered the navy on the 6th of January, 1800, and soon

after joined the frigate Chesapeake, then lying at Norfolk. In this ship he

remained on the West India station until May, 1801, when he returned to the

United States and joined the frigate President, under Commodore Dale, and

soon blockaded Tripoli until 1802, when he again returned to the United

States, and joined the frigate New-York, which sailed, and remained on the

Mediterranean station until 1803. On his return from the Mediterranean he

was ordered to the Vixen, and again joined the squadron which had lately

left, where he remained during the attack on the gun-boats and batteries of

Tripoli, in which the Vixen always took part. In November, 1804, he was

made acting lieutenant; and in July, 1805, he joined the brig Siren, a

junior lieutenant. In March, 1806, he joined the Enterprise, as first

lieutenant, and did not return to the United States until July, 1807--an

absence of four years. After his return in 1807 he was ordered to the

command of a gun-boat on the Norfolk station, then under the command of

Commodore Decatur. This was a position calculated to damp the ardor of the

young officer, as it was so far below several he had filled. He, however,

maintained his usual bearing for two years, when he was again ordered to

the Siren as first lieutenant. On the return of this vessel from Europe,

whither she went with dispatches, Lieut. Warrington was ordered to the

Essex, as her first lieutenant, in September of the same year. In the Essex

he cruised on the American coast, and again carried out dispatches for the

government, returning in 1812. He was then ordered to the frigate Congress

as her first lieutenant, and sailed, on the declaration of war, with the

squadron under Commodore Rodgers, to intercept the British West India

fleet, which was only avoided by the latter in consequence of a heavy fog,

which continued for fourteen days. He remained in the Congress until 1813,

when he became first lieutenant of the frigate United States, in which he

remained until his promotion to the rank of master commandant, soon after

which he took command of the sloop-of-war Peacock. While cruising in the

Peacock, in latitude 27 deg. 40 min., he encountered the British

brig-of-war Epervier. His own letter to the Secretary of the Navy,

descriptive of that encounter, is as follows:

At Sea, April 29, 1814.

SIR:--I have the honor to inform you that we have this

morning captured, after an action of forty-two minutes,

his Britannic Majesty's brig Epervier, rating and

mounting eighteen thirty-two pound cannonades, with one

hundred and twenty-eight men, of whom eleven were

killed and fifteen wounded, according to the best

information we could obtain. Among the latter is her

first lieutenant, who has lost an arm, and received a

severe splinter wound in the hip. Not a man in the

Peacock was killed, and only two wounded, neither

dangerously. The fate of the Epervier would have been

decided in much less time, but for the circumstance of

our foreyard having been totally disabled by two

round-shot in the starboard quarter, from her first

broadside, which entirely deprived us of the use of our

fore-topsails, and compelled us to keep the ship large

throughout the remainder of the action. This, with a

few topmast and topgallant backstays cut away, and a

few shot through our sails, is the only injury the

Peacock has sustained. Not a round-shot touched our

hull, and our masts and spars are as sound as ever.

When the enemy struck he had five feet of water in his

hold; his maintopmast was over the side; his mainboom

shot away; his foremast cut nearly away, and tottering;

his forerigging and stays shot away; his bowsprit badly

wounded, and forty-five shot-holes in his hull, twenty

of which were within a foot of his water-line, above

and below. By great exertions we got her in sailing

order just as night came on. In fifteen minutes after

the enemy struck, the Peacock was ready for another

action, in every respect, except the foreyard, which

was sent down, fished, and we had the foresail set

again in forty-five minutes--such was the spirit and

activity of our gallant crew. The Epervier had under

convoy an English hermaphrodite brig, a Russian, and a

Spanish ship, which all hauled their wind, and stood to

the E. N. E. I had determined upon pursuing the former,

but found that it would not be prudent to leave our

prize in her then crippled state, and the more

particularly so as we found she had on board one

hundred and twenty thousand dollars in specie. Every

officer, seaman, and marine did his duty, which is the

highest compliment I can pay them.

I am, &c.,

L. WARRINGTON.

Capt. Warrington brought his prize safely home, and was received with great

honor, because of his success in the encounter. In the early part of the

year 1815, he sailed in the squadron under Commodore Decatur, for a cruise

in the Indian Ocean. The Peacock and Hornet were obliged to separate in

chasing, and did not again meet until they arrived at Tristan d'Acunha, the

place appointed for rendezvous. After leaving that place, the Peacock met

with a British line-of-battle ship, from which she escaped, and gained the

Straits of Sunda, where she captured four vessels, one of which was a brig

of fourteen guns, belonging to the East India Company's service. From this

vessel Captain Warrington first heard of the ratification of peace. He then

returned to the United States. While in command of the Peacock, Capt.

Warrington captured nineteen vessels, three of which were given up to

prisoners, and sixteen destroyed.

Since the close of the war, Commodore Warrington has filled many

responsible stations in the service for a long time, having been on

shore-duty for twenty-eight years. He was appointed one of the Board of

Naval Commissioners, and subsequently held the post of chief of the Bureau

of Ordnance in the Navy Department, which post he held at the time of his

death. His whole career of service extended through a period of more than

fifty-one years, during all of which time he was respected, and held as one

of the most prominent officers of the United States navy. At the time of

his death there was but one older officer in service.

* * * * *

JOHN KIDD, M.D., of the University of Oxford, died suddenly early in

September. He was formerly Professor of Chemistry, and since 1822 Regius

Professor of Medicine. Dr. Kidd did good service in his time, as his

publications testify, in various departments of mineralogical, chemical,

and geological research, and about ten years ago he put forth some

observations on medical reform. Dr. Kidd was one of the eminent men

selected under the Earl of Bridgewater's will to write one of the

well-known "Bridgewater Treatises." The subject was, _On the Adaptation of

External Nature to the Physical Condition of Man_. Together with the Regius

Professorship of Medicine, to which the mastership of Ewelme Hospital, in

the county of Oxford, is attached, Dr. Kidd held the office of librarian to

the Radcliffe Library.

* * * * *

THE EARL OF DONOUGHMORE died on the 12th of September, at Palmerstown

House, county of Dublin, in the sixty-fourth year of his age. He was

lord-lieutenant of the county of Tipperary, and had a seat in the House of

Lords as a British peer with the title of Viscount Hutchinson, of

Knocklofty, but will be better remembered in history as the gallant Colonel

Hutchinson, who was one of the parties implicated in the celebrated escape

of Lavalette, in the year 1815, shortly after the restoration of the

Bourbons. He is succeeded in his extensive estates in the south of Ireland

by Viscount Suirdale, his lordship's son by his first wife, the daughter of

the Lord Mountjoy, who lost his life in the royal service during the Irish

rebellion of 1798.

WILLIAM NICOL, F.R.S.E., died in Edinburgh on the 2nd of September, in his

eighty-third year. Mr. Nicol commenced his career as assistant to the late

Dr. Moyes, the eminent blind lecturer on natural philosophy. Dr. Moyes, at

his death, bequeathed his apparatus to Mr. Nicol, who then lectured on the

same subject. His contributions to the _Edinburgh Philosophical Journal_

were various and valuable; the more important being his description of his

successful repetition of Doebereiner's celebrated experiment of igniting

spongy platina by a stream of cold hydrogen gas; and his method of

preparing fossil woods for microscopic investigation, which led to his

discovery of the structural difference between the arucarian and coniferous

woods, by far the most important in fossil botany. But the most valuable

contribution to physical science, with which his name will ever be

associated, was his invention of the single image prism of calcareous spar,

known to the scientific world as Nicol's prism.

* * * * *

The Rev. G. G. FREEMAN, the well-known English missionary, died on the 8th

of September at the baths of Homburg, in Germany, of an attack of rheumatic

fever. Mr. Freeman had only a little while before returned home from a

visit to the mission stations in South Africa, and his latest important

labor was the writing of a volume, in which the social, spiritual, and

political condition of South Africa was depicted. Mr. Freeman was

fifty-seven years of age. He was born in London, educated at Hoxton

Academy, and after many years of successful devotion to his profession in

England, he proceeded in 1827 to Madagascar, under the direction of the

London Missionary Society, and for nine years labored there with eminent

energy and success. The share he had in translating the Scriptures, in

preparing school-books, and in superintending the mission schools, cannot

be recited in this brief sketch, but was such as greatly facilitated the

progress of the Christian religion, till, in 1835, the queen proscribed

Christianity, and virtually expelled the missionaries from the island. Mr.

Freeman then went to the Cape of Good Hope, where he became much interested

in South African missions, but the ill health of his wife compelled his

return to England, where he arrived about the end of 1836. New duties and

labors now awaited him; he had to confer with the directors, and to visit

the constituents of the London Missionary Society in all parts of the

kingdom. The want of an Institution for the education of the daughters of

missionaries having been strongly felt, he took a leading part in the

establishment of a school for that purpose in the village of Walthamstow,

where he had become connected with the congregational church. In 1841, the

loss of health having obliged the Rev. William Ellis to relinquish his

official connection with the London Missionary Society, he was appointed

foreign secretary, and appeared at the annual meeting of that year in that

capacity, and shared with Dr. Tidman the labor of reading the report. How

faithfully he fulfilled the duties of that office at home, and at what risk

of health and life he sought, in a late voyage to the Mauritius, and

journey throughout Southern Africa, to inform himself and the Society of

the true state of affairs, both in Madagascar and Caffraria, his

publications will show.

* * * * *

JAMES RICHARDSON, the enterprising African traveller, died on the 4th of

March last, at a small village called Ungurutua, six days distant from

Kouka, the capital of Bornou. Early in January, he and the companions of

his mission, Drs. Barth and Overweg, arrived at the immense plain of

Damergou, when, after remaining a few days, they separated, Dr. Barth

proceeding to Kanu, Dr. Overweg to Guber, and Mr. Richardson taking the

direct route to Kouka, by Zinde. There it would seem his strength began to

give way, and before he had arrived twelve days' distance from Kouka, he

became seriously ill, suffering much from the oppressive heat of the sun.

Having reached a large town called Kangarras, he halted three days, and

feeling himself refreshed he renewed his journey. After two days, during

which his weakness greatly increased, he arrived at the Waddy Mallaha.

Leaving this place on the 3d of March, he reached in two hours the village

of Ungurutua, when he became so weak that he was unable to proceed. In the

evening he took a little food and tried to sleep--but became very restless,

and left his tent supported by his servant. He then took some tea and threw

himself again on his bed, but did not sleep. His attendants having made

some coffee, he asked for a cup, but had no strength to hold it. He

repeated several times, "I have no strength;" and after having pronounced

the name of his wife, sighed deeply, and expired without a struggle about

two hours after midnight. Early in the morning, the body wrapped in linen,

and covered with a carpet, was borne to a grave four feet deep, under the

shade of a large tree, close to the village, followed by all the principal

Sheichs and people of the district.

* * * * *

Those who have read--and very few persons of middle age in this country

have not read--the interesting and somewhat apocryphal narrative of Captain

Riley's shipwreck on the coast of Africa and long experience of suffering

as a slave among the Arabs, will remember the amiable British Consul of

Mogadore, in Barbary, Mr. WILLIAM WILLSHIRE. While Capt. Riley, Mr.

Robbins, and others of the crew of the "Commerce" (which was the name of

the American ship that was wrecked), were in the midst of the great desert,

in utter helplessness, Mr. Willshire heard of some of them, and came to

their relief with money and provisions, and paid, himself, the price of

their ransom, redeeming them from an otherwise perpetual captivity. He took

the afflicted and worn-out Americans to his own house at Mogadore, made

them, after long suffering and privation, enjoy the luxuries of a bed and

the comforts of a home, his wife and daughters uniting with him to

alleviate their sufferings, and he afterwards supplied them with the

necessary money and provided them the means of a return to their own

country. Riley, in the latter part of his life, settled in Ohio, where the

name of _Willshire_ has been given to the town in which he lived, and we

believe our government made some demonstration of the general feeling of

gratefulness with which the American people regarded Mr. Willshire's noble

conduct in this case. Mr. Willshire was a model for consuls, and was kept

constantly in service by his government. Several years ago he was appointed

to Adrianople, where he died suddenly, at an advanced age, on the 4th of

August.

The Paris papers announce the death at the age of seventy-six, of M. J. R.

DUBOIS,--director successively of the _Gaite_, the _Porte-Saint-Martin_,

and the _Opera_, under the Restoration,--and author of a great variety of

pieces played in the different theatres of Paris thirty or forty years ago.

GUSTAV CARLIN, the author of several historical essays, and a novel founded

on Mexican legends, died in Berlin on the 15th of September, aged

sixty-nine. He resided several years in New-York, we believe as a political

correspondent of some German newspaper.

Ladies' Autumn Fashions.

The light dresses of the summer, with unimportant apparent changes, were

retained this year later than usual, but at length the more sober colors

and heavier material of the autumn have taken their places. There are

indications that furs will be much worn this season, and there are a

variety of new patterns. We select--

[Illustration]

I. _The Palatine Royale in Ermine_, for illustration and description. The

palatine royale is a fur victorine of novel form, and it may fairly claim

precedence as being the first article of winter costume prepared in

anticipation of the approaching change of season. The addition of a hood,

which is lined with quilted silk, and bound with a band of ermine, not only

adds to its warmth, but renders it exceedingly convenient for the opera and

theatres. This hood, we may mention, can be fixed on and removed at

pleasure; an obvious advantage, which no lady will fail to appreciate. To

the lower part of the hood is attached a large white silk tassel. We must

direct particular attention to the new fastening attached to the palatine

royale. This fastening is formed of an India-rubber band and steel clasp,

by means of which the palatine will fit comfortably to the throat of any

lady. The band and clasp being in the inside are not visible, and on the

outside there is an elegant fancy ornament of white silk, of the

description which the French call a brandebourg.

[Illustration]

II. _A Palatine in Sable_, has the same form and make as that just

described, except that our engraving shows the back of one made of sable

instead of ermine. The hood is lined with brown sable-colored silk, and the

tassel and brandebourg are of silk of the same color. We need scarcely

mention that the color employed for lining the hood, and for the silk

ornaments, is wholly optional, and may be determined by the taste of the

wearer.

[Illustration]

The first figure in the above engraving, displays a very handsome _Walking

Dress_. It is of steel-color _poult de soie_, trimmed in a very novel and

elegant style with bouillonnees of ribbon. The ribbon employed for these

bouillonnees is steel color, figured and edged with lilac. The

bouillonnees, which are disposed as side-trimmings on the skirt of the

dress, are set on in rows obliquely, and graduated in length, the lowest

now being about a quarter of a yard long. The corsage is a pardessus of the

same material as the dress; the basque slit up at each side, and the

pardessus edged all round with ribbon bouillonnee. The sleeves are

demi-long, and loose at the ends, and slit up on the outside of the arm.

Loose under-sleeves of muslin, edged with a double frill of needlework. The

pardessus has under-fronts of white cambric or coutil, thus presenting

precisely the effect of a gentleman's waistcoat. This gilet corsage, as it

is termed by the French dressmakers, has recently been gaining rapid favor

among the Parisian belles. That which our illustration represents has a row

of buttons up the front, and a pocket at each side. It is open at the upper

part, showing a chemisette of lace. Bonnet of fancy straw and crinoline in

alternate rows, lined with drawn white silk, and trimmed with white ribbon.

On one side, a white knotted feather. Undertrimming, bouquets of white and

lilac flowers, mixed with white tulle. Over this dress may be worn a rich

India cashmere shawl.

In the second figure we have an example of the heavy and large plaided

silks, and generally our latest Parisian plates, like this, exhibit the use

of deep fringes. Flounces of ribbon are in vogue to a degree, but are not

likely to be much worn.

It will be seen by the first figure on this page that the European ladies

are approximating to the styles of gentlemen in the upper parts of their

costume, as American women seem disposed to imitation in the matter of

inexpressibles. Attempts to introduce the style of dress worn by the lower

orders of women in Northern Europe have failed as decidedly in England as

in this country.