He goes up to the surviving sorcerer, who is carried away from him by
inchantment: at length he finds him, and cuts off his head; he returns
to the palace to deliver the lady; but cannot find her: as he is
lamenting, a window opens, through which enters a horrible serpent with
wings and a woman's face: it coils round his neck and kisses him; then
is suddenly converted into a very beautiful lady. She tells him she is
the Lady of Sinadone, and was so inchanted, till she might kiss Sir
Gawain, or some one of his blood: that he has dissolved the charm, and
that herself and her dominions may be his reward. The knight (whose
descent is by this means discovered) joyfully accepts the offer; makes
her his bride, and then sets out with her for King Arthur's court.
Such is the fable of this ancient piece: which the reader may
observe, is as regular in its conduct, as any of the finest poems of
classical antiquity. If the execution, particularly as to the diction
and sentiments, were but equal to the plan, it would be a capital
performance; but this is such as might be expected in rude and ignorant
times, and in barbarous unpolished language.
IV. I shall conclude this prolix account, with a list of such old
metrical romances as are still extant; beginning with those mentioned
by Chaucer.
1. The romance of _Horne Childe_ is preserved in the British Museum,
where it is intitled +þe geste+ kyng Horne. See Catalog.
Harl. MSS. 2253, p. 70. The language is almost Saxon, yet from the
mention in it of Sarazens, it appears to have been written after some
of the Crusades. It begins thus:
"All heo ben blyþe
þat to my son[gh] ylyþe:
A son[gh] ychulle ou sin[gh]
Of Allof þe [gh]ode kyn[gh]e,"[515] &c.
Another copy of this poem, but greatly altered, and somewhat
modernized, is preserved in the Advocates Library at Edinburgh, in a
MS. quarto volume of old English poetry [W. 4. 1.] Num. XXXIV. in seven
leaves or folios[516], intitled, _Horn-child and Maiden Rinivel_, and
beginning thus:
"Mi leve frende dere,
Herken and ye may here."
2. The poem of _Ipotis_ (or _Ypotis_) is preserved in the Cotton
Library, Calig. A. 2, fo. 77, but is rather a religious legend, than a
romance. Its beginning is,
"He þat wyll of wysdome here
Herkeneth nowe ye may here
Of a tale of holy wryte
Seynt Jon the Evangelyste wytnesseth hyt."
3. The romance of Sir _Guy_ was written before that of Bevis, being
quoted in it[517]. An account of this old poem is given above, p. 107.
To which it may be added, that the two complete copies in MS. are
preserved at Cambridge, the one in the public library[518], the other
in that of Caius College, Class A. 8.--In Ames's Typog. p. 153, may be
seen the first lines of the printed copy.--The first MS. begins,
"Sythe the tyme that God was borne."
4. _Guy and Colbronde_, an old romance in three parts, is preserved in
the Editor's folio MS. (p. 349.) [printed edition, vol. ii. p. 527.] It
is in stanzas of six lines, the first of which may be seen in vol. ii.
p. 175, beginning thus:
"When meate and drinke is great plentye."
In the Edinburgh MS. (mentioned above) are two ancient poems on the
subject of _Guy of Warwick_: viz. Num. XVIII. containing 26 leaves, and
XX. 59 leaves. Both these have unfortunately the beginnings wanting,
otherwise they would perhaps be found to be different copies of one or
both the preceding articles.
5. From the same MS. I can add another article to this list, viz. the
romance of _Rembrun_ son of Sir Guy; being Num. XXI. in 9 leaves: this
is properly a continuation of the History of _Guy_: and in Art. 3, the
Hist. of Rembrun follows that of Guy as a necessary part of it. This
Edinburgh romance of Rembrun begins thus:
"Jesu that erst of mighte most
Fader and sone and Holy Ghost."
Before I quit the subject of Sir Guy, I must observe, that if we may
believe Dugdale in his _Baronage_ (vol. i. p. 243, col. 2), the fame of
our English Champion had in the time of Henry IV. travelled as far as
the East, and was no less popular among the Sarazens, than here in the
West among the nations of Christendom. In that reign a Lord Beauchamp
travelling to Jerusalem was kindly received by a noble person, the
Soldan's Lieutenant, who hearing he was descended from the famous Guy
of Warwick, "whose story they had in books of their own language,"
invited him to his palace; and royally feasting him, presented him
three precious stones of great value, besides divers cloaths of silk
and gold given to his servants.
6. The romance of _Syr Bevis_ is described in page 216 of this vol. Two
manuscript copies of this poem are extant at Cambridge, viz., in the
public library[519], and in that of Caius Coll. Class A. 9. (5.)--The
first of these begins,
"Lordyngs lystenyth grete and smale."
There is also a copy of this romance of _Sir Bevis of Hamptoun_, in
the Edinburgh MS. Numb. XXII. consisting of twenty-five leaves, and
beginning thus:
"Lordinges herkneth to mi tale,
Is merier than the nightengale."
The printed copies begin different from both, viz.,
"Lysten, Lordinges, and hold you styl."
7. _Libeaux_ (_Libeaus_, or _Lybius_) _Disconius_ is preserved in the
Editor's folio MS. (page 317) [pr. ed, vol. ii. p. 415], where the
first stanza is,
"Jesus Christ christen kinge,
And his mother that sweete thinge,
Helpe them at their neede,
That will listen to my tale,
Of a Knight I will you tell,
A doughtye man of deede."
An older copy is preserved in the Cotton Library (Calig. A. 2. fol. 40)
but containing such innumerable variations, that it is apparently a
different translation of some old French original, which will account
for the title of _Le Beaux Disconus_, or the Fair Unknown. The first
line is,
"Jesu Christ our Savyour."
As for _Pleindamour_, or _Blandamoure_, no romance with this title has
been discovered; but as the word _Blaundemere_ occurs in the romance
of _Libius Disconius_, in the Editor's folio MS. p. 319 [pr. ed. vol.
ii. p. 420], he thought the name of _Blandamoure_ (which was in all
the editions of Chaucer he had then seen) might have some reference to
this. But _Pleindamour_, the name restored by Mr. Tyrwhitt, is more
remote.
8. _Le Morte Arthure_ is among the Harl. MSS 2252, § 49. This is judged
to be a translation from the French; Mr. Wanley thinks it no older than
the time of Henry VII., but it seems to be quoted in Syr Bevis, (Sign.
K. ij. b.) It begins,
"Lordinges, that are lesse and deare."
In the library of Bennet Coll. Cambridge, No. 351, is a MS. intitled in
the catalogue _Acta Arthuris Metrico Anglicano_, but I know not its
contents.
9. In the Editor's folio MS. are many songs and romances about King
Arthur and his knights, some of which are very imperfect, as _King
Arthur and the King of Cornwall_ (page 24) [pr. ed. vol. i. p. 61],
in stanzas of four lines, beginning,
"'Come here,' my cozen Gawaine so gay."
_The Turke and Gawain_ (p. 38) [pr. ed. vol. i. p. 90], in stanzas of
six lines beginning thus:
"Listen lords great and small,"[520]
but these are so imperfect that I do not make distinct articles of
them. See also in this volume, Book I. No. I., II., IV., V.
In the same MS. p. 203 [pr. ed. vol. ii. p. 58], is the _Greene
Knight_, in two parts, relating a curious adventure of Sir Gawain, in
stanzas of six lines, beginning thus:--
"List: wen Arthur he was k:"
10. _The Carle of Carlisle_ is another romantic tale about Sir Gawain,
in the same MS. p. 448 [pr. ed. vol. iii. p. 277], in distichs:
"Listen: to me a litle stond."
In all these old poems the same set of knights are always represented
with the same manners and characters; which seem to have been as
well known, and as distinctly marked among our ancestors, as Homer's
Heroes were among the Greeks: for, as _Ulysses_ is always represented
crafty, _Achilles_ irascible, and _Ajax_ rough; so _Sir Gawain_ is
ever courteous and gentle, _Sir Kay_ rugged and disobliging, &c. "_Sir
Gawain with his olde curtesie_" is mentioned by Chaucer as noted to a
proverb, in his _Squire's Tale_. _Canterb. Tales_, vol. ii. p. 104.
11. _Syr Launfal_, an excellent old romance concerning another of King
Arthur's knights, is preserved in the Cotton Library, Calig. A 2, f.
33. This is a translation from the French[521], made by one _Thomas_
_Chestre_, who is supposed to have lived in the reign of Henry VI. (See
Tanner's Biblioth.) It is in stanzas of six lines, and begins,
"Be douyty Artours dawes."
The above was afterwards altered by some minstrel into the romance
of _Sir Lambewell_, in three parts, under which title it was more
generally known[522]. This is the Editor's folio MS. p. 60 [pr. ed.
vol. i. p. 144], beginning thus:
"Doughty in king Arthures dayes."
12. _Eger and Grime_, in six parts (in the Editor's folio MS. p. 124)
[pr. ed. vol. i. p. 354], is a well invented tale of chivalry, scarce
inferior to any of Ariosto's. This which was inadvertently omitted in
the former editions of this list, is in distichs, and begins thus:
"It fell sometimes in the Land of Beame."
13. The romance of _Merline_, in nine parts (preserved in the same
folio MS. p. 145 [pr. ed. vol. i. p. 422]), gives a curious account
of the birth, parentage, and juvenile adventures of this famous
British Prophet. In this poem the _Saxons_ are called _Sarazens_; and
the thrusting the rebel angels out of heaven is attributed to "_oure
Lady_." It is in distichs and begins thus:
"He that made with his hand."
There is an old romance _Of Arthour and of Merlin_, in the Edinburgh
MS. of old English poems: I know not whether it has anything in common
with this last mentioned. It is in the volume numbered xxiii. and
extends through fifty-five leaves. The two first lines are:
"Jesu Crist, heven king
Al ous graunt gode ending."
14. _Sir Isenbras_ (or as it is in the MS. copies, _Sir Isumbras_),
is quoted in Chaucer's _R. of Thopas_, v. 6. Among Mr. Garrick's old
plays is a printed copy; of which an account has been already given
in vol. i. book iii. No. vii. It is preserved in MS. in the Library
of Caius Coll. Camb., Class A. 9 (2), and also in the Cotton Library,
Calig. A. 12 (f. 128). This is extremely different from the printed
copy. E.g.
"God þat made both erþe and hevene."
15. _Emarè_, a very curious and ancient romance, is preserved in the
same vol. of the Cotton Library, f. 69. It is in stanzas of six lines,
and begins thus:
"Jesu þat ys kyng in trone."
16. _Chevelere assigne_, or The Knight of the Swan, preserved in the
Cotton Library, has been already described in vol. ii. Appendix, _Essay
on P. Plowman's Metre_, &c., as hath also
17. _The Sege of F[=e][=r]lam_ (or Jerusalem), which seems to have been
written after the other, and may not improperly be classed among the
romances; as may also the following, which is preserved in the same
volume, viz.,
18. _Owaine Myles_ (fol. 90), giving an account of the wonders of St.
Patrick's Purgatory. This is a translation into verse of the story
related in Mat. Paris's _Hist._ (sub. Ann. 1153.) It is in distichs
beginning thus:
"God þat ys so full of myght."
In the same manuscript are three or four other narrative poems, which
might be reckoned among the romances, but being rather religious
legends, I shall barely mention them; as _Tundale_, f. 17; _Trentale_
_Sci Gregorii_, f. 84; _Jerome_, f. 133; _Eustache_, f. 136.
19. _Octavian imperator_, an ancient romance of chivalry, is in the
same vol. of the Cotton Library, f. 20. Notwithstanding the name, this
old poem has nothing in common with the history of the Roman Emperors.
It is in a very peculiar kind of stanza, whereof 1, 2, 3, & 5 rhyme
together, as do the 4 and 6. It begins thus:
"Ihesu þat was with spere ystonge."
In the public library at Cambridge[523], is a poem with the same title,
and begins very differently:
"Lyttyll and mykyll, olde and yonge."
20. _Eglamour of Artas_ (or _Artoys_) is preserved in the same vol.
with the foregoing, both in the Cotton Library and Public Library at
Cambridge. It is also in the Editor's folio MS. p. 295 [pr. ed. vol.
ii. p. 341], where it is divided into six parts. A printed copy in the
Bodleian Library, C. 39. Art. Seld., and also among Mr. Garrick's old
plays, K. vol. x. It is in distichs, and begins thus:
"Ihesu Crist of heven kyng."
21. _Syr Triamore_ (in stanzas of six lines) is preserved in MS. in the
Editor's volume, p. 210 [pr. ed. vol. ii. p. 80], and in the Public
Library at Cambridge (690, § 29. Vid. Cat. MSS. p. 394.) Two printed
copies are extant in the Bodleian Library, and among Mr. Garrick's
plays in the same volumes with the last article. Both the editor's MS.
and the printed copy begin,
"Nowe Jesu Chryste our heven kynge."
The Cambridge copy thus:
"Heven blys that all shall wynne."
22. _Sir Degree_ (_Degare_, or _Degore_, which last seems the true
title) in five parts, in distichs, is preserved in the Editor's folio
MS. p. 371 [pr. ed. vol. iii. p. 20], and in the Public Library at
Cambridge (ubi supra). A printed copy is in the Bod. Library C. 39.
Art. Seld. and among Mr. Garrick's plays, K. vol. ix. The Editor's MS.
and the printed copies begin,
"Lordinges, and you wyl holde you styl."
The Cambridge MS. has it,
"Lystenyth, lordyngis, gente and fre."
23. _Ipomydon_ (or _Chylde Ipomydon_), is preserved among the Harl.
MSS. 2252 (44). It is in distichs, and begins,
"Mekely, lordyngis, gentylle and fre."
In the library of Lincoln Cathedral, K k. 3, 10, is an old imperfect
printed copy, wanting the whole first sheet A.
24. _The Squyr of Lowe degre_, is one of those burlesqued by Chaucer in
his Rhyme of Thopas[524]. Mr. Garrick has a printed copy of this, among
his old plays, K. vol. ix. It begins,
"It was a squyer of lowe degre,
That loved the kings daughter of Hungre."
25. _Historye of K. Richard Cure [C[oe]ur] de Lyon._ (Impr. W. de
Worde, 1528, 4to.) is preserved in the Bodleian Library, C. 39, Art.
Selden. A fragment of it is also remaining in the Edinburgh MS. of old
English poems; No. xxxvi. in two leaves. A large extract from this
romance has been given already above, p. 356. Richard was the peculiar
patron of Chivalry, and favourite of the old minstrels and troubadours.
See Warton's _Observ._ vol. i. p. 29, vol. ii. p. 40.
26. Of the following I have only seen No. 27, but I believe they may
all be referred to the class of romances.
The _Knight of Courtesy and the Lady of Faguel_ (Bod. Lib. C. 39. Art.
Sheld. a printed copy). This Mr. Warton thinks is the story of Coucy's
Heart, related in Fauchet, and in Howel's Letters. (v. i. s. 6, L. 20,
see Wart. _Obs._ v. ii. p. 40). The Editor has seen a very beautiful
old ballad on this subject in French.
27. The four following are all preserved in the MS. so often referred
to in the Public Library at Cambridge, (690. Appendix to Bp. More's
MSS. in Cat. MSS. tom. ii. p. 394), viz., _The Lay of Erle of
Tholouse_ (No. 27), of which the Editor hath also a copy from "Cod.
MSS. Mus. Ashmol. Oxon." The first line of both is,
"Jesu Chryste in Trynyte."
28. _Roberd Kynge of Cysyll_ (or Sicily) shewing the fall of pride. Of
this there is also a copy among the Harl. MSS. 1703 (3). The Cambridge
MS. begins,
"Princis that be prowde in prese."
29. _Le bone Florence of Rome_, beginning thus:
"As ferre as men ride or gone."
30. _Dioclesian the Emperour_, beginning,
"Sum tyme ther was a noble man."
31. The two knightly brothers _Amys and Amelion_ (among the Harl MSS.
2386, §. 42) is an old romance of chivalry, as is also, I believe,
the fragment of the _Lady Belesant, the Duke of Lombardy's fair_
_daughter_, mentioned in the same article. See the catalog. vol. ii.
32. In the Edinburgh MS. so often referred to (preserved in the
Advocates Library, W. 4. i.) might probably be found some other
articles to add to this list, as well as other copies of some of the
pieces mentioned in it, for the whole volume contains not fewer than
thirty-seven poems or romances, some of them very long. But as many of
them have lost the beginnings, which have been cut out for the sake of
the illuminations, and as I have not had an opportunity of examining
the MS. myself, I shall be content to mention only the articles that
follow[525]: viz.
An old romance about _Rouland_ (not I believe the famous Paladine, but
a champion named _Rouland Louth_; query) being in the volume, No.
xxvii. in five leaves, and wants the beginning.
33. Another romance that seems to be a kind of continuation of this
last, intitled, _Otuel a Knight_, (No. xxviii. in eleven leaves and a
half). The two first lines are,
"Herkneth both yinge and old,
That willen heren of battailes bold."
34. _The King of Tars_ (No. iv. in five leaves and a half; it is also
in the Bodleyan Library, MS. Vernon, f. 304) beginning thus:
"Herkneth to me bothe eld and ying
For Maries love that swete thing."
35. A tale or romance (No. i. two leaves), that wants both beginning
and end. The first lines now remaining are,
"Th Erl him graunted his will y-wis. that the knicht him haden y told.
The Baronnis that were of mikle pris. befor him thay weren y-cald."
36. Another mutilated tale or romance (No. iii. four leaves). The first
lines at present are,
"To Mr. Steward wil y gon. and tellen him the sothe of the
Reseyved bestow sone anon. gif you will serve and with hir be."
37. A mutilated tale or romance (No. xi. in thirteen leaves). The two
first lines that occur are,
"That riche Dooke his fest gan hold
With Erls and with Baronns bold."
I cannot conclude my account of this curious manuscript, without
acknowledging that I was indebted to the friendship of the Rev. Dr.
Blair, the ingenious professor of Belles Lettres, in the University
of Edinburgh, for whatever I learned of its contents, and for the
important additions it enabled me to make to the foregoing list.
To the preceding articles two ancient metrical romances in the Scottish
dialect may now be added, which are published in Pinkerton's _Scottish
Poems_, reprinted "from scarce editions," Lond. 1792, in 3 vols. 8vo.
viz.
38. _Gawan and Gologras_, a metrical romance; from an edition printed
at Edinburgh, 1508, 8vo. beginning:--
"In the tyme of Arthur, as trew men me tald."
It is in stanzas of thirteen lines.
39. _Sir Gawan and Sir Galaron of Galloway_, a metrical romance, in the
same stanzas as No. 38, from an ancient MS. beginning thus:
"In the tyme of Arthur an aunter[526] betydde
By the Turnwathelan, as the boke tells;
Whan he to Carlele was comen, and conqueror kyd," &c.
Both these (which exhibit the union of the old alliterative metre, with
rhyme, &c., and in the termination of each stanza the short triplets
of the Turnament of Tottenham), are judged to be as old as the time of
our K. Henry VI., being apparently the production of an old poet, thus
mentioned by Dunbar, in his _Lament for the Deth of the Makkaris_:
"Clerk of Tranent eik he hes take,
That made the aventers of Sir Gawane."
It will scarce be necessary to remind the reader, that _Turnewathelan_
is evidently _Tearne-Wadling_, celebrated in the old ballad of the
_Marriage of Sir Gawaine_. See pp. 14 and 325 of this volume.
Many new references, and perhaps some additional articles might be
added to the foregoing list from Mr. Warton's _History of English
Poetry_, 3 vols. 4to. and from the notes to Mr. Tyrwhitt's improved
edition of _Chaucer's Canterbury Tales_, &c. in 5 vols. 8vo. which have
been published since this Essay, &c. was first composed; but it will be
sufficient once for all to refer the curious reader to those popular
works.
The reader will also see many interesting particulars on the subject of
these volumes, as well as on most points of general literature, in Sir
John Hawkins's curious _History of Music_, &c., in 5 volumes, 4to., as
also in Dr. Burney's _Hist._ &c. in 4 vols. 4to.
* * * * *
[Much has been written upon the subject of this Essay since
Percy's time, but no exhaustive work has yet appeared. The reader
may consult W. C. Hazlitt's new edition of Warton's _History_,
1871; Ellis's _Specimens of Early English Metrical Romances_, new
edition, by J. O. Halliwell, 1848; Dunlop's _History of Fiction_;
J. M. Ludlow's _Popular Epics of the Middle Ages, Norse, German,
and Carlovingian Cycles_, 1865; G. W. Cox and E. H. Jones's
_Popular Romances of the Middle Ages_, 1871; and also the prefaces
of the various old English romances printed by the Percy, Camden,
and Early English Text Societies; and by the Abbotsford, Bannatyne,
and Roxburghe Clubs.]
FOOTNOTES:
[465] Vid. _Lasiteau, Moeurs de Sauvages_, t. ii. Dr. Browne's _Hist._
_of the Rise and Progress of Poetry_.
[466] "Germani celebrant carminibus antiquis (quod unum apud illos
memoriæ et annalium genus est) Tuistonem," &c. _Tacit. Germ._ c. ii.
[467] _Barth. Antiq. Dan._ lib. i. cap. x. _Wormii Literatura Runica_,
ad finem.
[468] See _Northern Antiquities, or a Description of the Manners,_
_Customs, &c., of the ancient Danes and other Northern Nations,_
_translated from the Fr. of M. Mallet_, 1770, 2 vols. 8vo. (vol. i. p.
49, &c.)
[469] _Vid. infra_, pp. 341, 342, &c.
[470] Viz. _Astræa_, _Cassandra_, _Clelia_, &c.
[471] Mallet, vid. _Northern Antiquities_, vol. i. p. 318, &c.; vol.
ii. p. 234, &c.
[472] _Letters concerning Chivalry_, 8vo. 1763.
[473] Mallet.
[474] Mallet.
[475] The seeds of chivalry sprung up so naturally out of the original
manners and opinions of the northern nations, that it is not credible
they arose so late as after the establishment of the Feudal System,
much less the Crusades. Nor, again, that the romances of chivalry
were transmitted to other nations, through the Spaniards, from the
Moors and Arabians. Had this been the case the first French romances
of chivalry would have been on Moorish, or at least Spanish subjects:
whereas the most ancient stories of this kind, whether in prose or
verse, whether in Italian, French, English, &c., are chiefly on the
subjects of Charlemagne and the Paladins, or of our British Arthur
and his Knights of the Round Table, &c., being evidently borrowed
from the fabulous chronicles of the supposed Archbishop Turpin and of
Jeffery of Monmouth. Not but some of the oldest and most popular French
romances are also on Norman subjects, as _Richard Sans-peur_, _Robert
le Diable_, &c., whereas I do not recollect so much as one in which
the scene is laid in Spain, much less among the Moors, or descriptive
of Mahometan manners. Even in _Amadis de Gaul_, said to have been the
first romance printed in Spain, the scene is laid in Gaul and Britain;
and the manners are French: which plainly shews from what school this
species of fabling was learnt and transmitted to the southern nations
of Europe.
[476] Mallet. _North. Antiquities_, vol. i. p. 36; vol. ii. _passim_.
[477] _Olaus Verelius, Herv. Saga_, pp. 44, 45. Hickes's _Thesaur._
vol. ii. p. 311. _Northern Antiquities_, vol. ii. _passim_.
[478] _Ibid._ vol. i. pp. 69, 374, &c.; vol. ii. p. 216, &c.
[479] Rollof's _Saga_, c. 35, &c.
[480] It is peculiarly unfortunate that such as maintain this opinion
are obliged to take their first step from the Moorish provinces in
Spain, without one intermediate resting place, to Armorica or Bretagne,
the province in France from them most remote, not more in situation
than in the manners, habits, and language of its Welsh inhabitants,
which are allowed to have been derived from this island, as must
have been their traditions, songs, and fables; being doubtless all
of Celtic original. See p. 3 of the _Dissertation on the Origin of
Romantic Fiction in Europe_, prefixed to Mr. Tho. Warton's _History of
English Poetry_, vol. i. 1774, 4to. If any pen could have supported
this darling hypothesis of Dr. Warburton that of this ingenious critic
would have effected it. But under the general term Oriental, he seems
to consider the ancient inhabitants of the north and the south of Asia,
as having all the same manners, traditions, and fables; and because
the secluded people of Arabia took the lead under the religion and
empire of Mahomet, therefore everything must be derived from them to
the Northern Asiatics in the remotest ages, &c. With as much reason
under the word Occidental, we might represent the early traditions and
fables of the north and south of Europe to have been the same; and that
the Gothic mythology of Scandinavia, the Druidic or Celtic of Gaul and
Britain, differed not from the classic of Greece and Rome.
There is not room here for a full examination of the minuter arguments,
or rather slight coincidences, by which our agreeable dissertator
endeavours to maintain and defend this favourite opinion of Dr. W.,
who has been himself so completely confuted by Mr. Tyrwhitt. (See his
notes on _Love's Labour Lost_, &c.) But some of his positions it will
be sufficient to mention: such as the referring the Gog and Magog,
which our old Christian bards might have had from Scripture, to the
_Jaguiouge_ and _Magiouge_ of the Arabians and Persians, &c. (p. 13).
That "we may venture to affirm that this (Geoffrey of Monmouth's)
Chronicle, supposed to contain the ideas of the Welsh bards, entirely
consists of Arabian inventions" (p. 13). And that, "as Geoffrey's
history is the grand repository of the acts of Arthur, so a fabulous
history ascribed to Turpin is the groundwork of all the chimerical
legends which have been related concerning the conquests of Charlemagne
and his twelve peers. Its subject is the expulsion of the Saracens
from Spain, and it is filled with fictions evidently congenial to
those which characterize Geoffrey's History" (p. 17). That is, as he
afterwards expresses it, "lavishly decorated by the Arabian fablers"
(p. 58). We should hardly have expected that the Arabian fablers
would have been lavish in decorating a history of their enemy: but
what is singular, as an instance and proof of this Arabian origin of
the fictions of Turpin, a passage is quoted from his fourth chapter,
which I shall beg leave to offer, as affording decisive evidence,
that they could not possibly be derived from a Mahometan source. Sc.
"The Christians under Charlemagne are said to have found in Spain a
golden idol, or image of Mahomet, as high as a bird can fly--it was
framed by Mahomet himself of the purest metal, who, by his knowledge in
necromancy, had sealed up within it a legion of diabolical spirits. It
held in its hand a prodigious club; and the Saracens had a prophetic
tradition, that this club should fall from the hand of the image in
that year when a certain king should be born in France, &c." (_vid._ p.
18, note.)
[481] The little narrative songs on Morisco subjects, which the
Spaniards have at present in great abundance, and which they call
peculiarly _romances_, (see vol. i. book iii. no. xvi. &c.), have
nothing in common with their proper romances (or histories) of
chivalry, which they call _Historias de Cavallerias_; these are
evidently imitations of the French, and shew a great ignorance of
Moorish manners: and with regard to the Morisco, or song _romances_,
they do not seem of very great antiquity; few of them appear, from
their subjects, much earlier than the reduction of Granada, in the
fifteenth century: from which period, I believe, may be plainly traced
among the Spanish writers, a more perfect knowledge of Moorish customs,
&c.
[482] See _Northern Antiquities_, passim.
[483] _Ibid._
[484] _Saxon Gram._ p. 152, 153. Mallet, _North. Antiq._ vol. i. p. 321.
[485] See a translation of this poem, among _Five pieces of Runic_
_Poetry_, printed for Dodsley, 1764, 8vo.
[486] _Vid._ Mallet, _Northern Antiquities_, passim.
[487] The editor's MS. contains a multitude of poems of this latter
kind. It was probably from this custom of the minstrels that some
of our first historians wrote their chronicles in verse, as Rob. of
Gloucester, Harding, &c.
[488] See a specimen in 2d vol. of _Northern Antiquities_, &c., p. 248,
&c.
[489] _Eccardi Hist. Stud. Etym._ 1711, p. 179, &c. Hickes's _Thesaur._
vol. ii. p. 314.
[490] _i.e._ Northern men, being chiefly emigrants from Norway,
Denmark, &c.
[491] See the account of Taillefer in vol. i. Essay, and Note.
[492] "Ipsa Carmina memoriæ mandabant, & prælia inituri decantabant;
qua memoriâ tam fortium gestorum a majoribus patratorum ad imitationem
animus adderetur."--_Jornandes de Gothis._
[493] _Eginhartus de Carolo magno._ "Item barbara, & antiquissima
carmina, quibus veterum regum actus & bella canebantur, scripsit."--c.
29.
_Asserius de Ælfredo magno._ "Rex inter bella, &c.... Saxonicos
libros recitare, & _maxime carmina Saxonica_ memoriter discere,
aliis imperare, & solus assidue pro viribus, studiosissime non
desinebat."--Ed. 1722, 8vo. p. 43.
[494] See above, pp. 340, 347.
[495] The romances on the subject of Perceval, San Graal, Lancelot du
Lac, Tristan, &c., were among the first that appeared in the French
language in prose, yet these were originally composed in metre: the
editor has in his possession a very old French MS. in verse, containing
_L'ancien Roman de Perceval_, and metrical copies of the others may be
found in the libraries of the curious. See a note of Wanley's in _Harl.
Catalog. Num._ 2252, p. 49, &c. Nicholson's _Eng. Hist. Library_, 3rd
ed. p. 91, &c. See also a curious collection of old French romances,
with Mr. Wanley's account of this sort of pieces, in _Harl. MSS.
Catal._ 978, 106.
[496] The author of the _Essay on the Genius of Pope_, p. 282.
[497] _Ibid._ p. 283. _Hist. Lit._ tom. 6, 7.
[498] _Voir Preface aux_ "Fabliaux & Contes des Poetes François des
xii. xiii. xiv. & xv. siècles, &c., Paris, 1756, 3 tom. 12mo." (a very
curious work).
[499] _Vid. supra_, note (d), vol. i. Essay, &c. _Et vide_ Rapin,
Carte, &c. This song of _Roland_ (whatever it was) continued for some
centuries to be usually sung by the French in their marches, if we may
believe a modern French writer. "Un jour qu'on chantoit la _Chanson de
Roland_, comme c'etoit l'usage dans les marches. Il y a long temps, dit
il (John K. of France, who died in 1364), qu'on ne voit plus de Rolands
parmi les François. On y verroit encore des Rolands, lui répondit un
vieux capitaine, s'ils avoient un Charlemagne à leur tête." _Vid._
tom. iii. p. 202, _des Essaies Hist. sur Paris, de M. de Saintefoix_:
who gives as his authority, Boethius in _Hist. Scotorum_. This author,
however, speaks of the complaint and repartee, as made in an Assembly
of the States (_vocato senatu_), and not upon any march, &c. _Vid._
Boeth. lib. xv. vol. 327. Ed. Paris, 1574.
[500] See on this subject, vol. i. note, s. 2, p. 404; and in note G g,
p. 424, &c.
[501] The first romances of chivalry among the Germans were in metre:
they have some very ancient narrative songs (which they call _Lieder_)
not only on the fabulous heroes of their own country, but also on those
of France and Britain, as Tristram, Arthur, Gawain, and the knights
_von der Tafel-ronde_ (_vid._ Goldasti Not. in _Eginhart. Vit. Car.
Mag._ 4to. 1711, p. 207.)
[502] The Welsh have still some very old romances about K. Arthur; but
as these are in prose, they are not probably their first pieces that
were composed on that subject.
[503] It is most credible that these stories were originally of English
invention, even if the only pieces now extant should be found to be
translations from the French. What now pass for the French originals
were probably only amplifications, or enlargements of the old English
story. That the French romances borrowed some things from the English,
appears from the word _termagant_.
[504] _Recuyel of the Hystoryes of Troy_, 1471; _Godfroye of Boloyne_,
1481; _Le Morte de Arthur_, 1485; _The Life of Charlemagne_, 1485, &c.
As the old minstrelsy wore out, prose books of chivalry became more
admired, especially after the Spanish romances began to be translated
into English towards the end of Q. Elizabeth's reign: then the most
popular metrical romances began to be reduced into prose, as _Sir Guy_,
_Bevis_, &c.
[505] See extract from a letter, written by the editor of these
volumes, in Mr. Warton's _Observations_, vol. ii. p. 139.
[506] _Canterbury Tales_ (Tyrwhitt's edit.), vol. ii. p. 238. In all
the former editions which I have seen the name at the end of the fourth
line is _Blandamoure_.
[507] Dr. Grey has shewn that the same story is alluded to in Rastell's
_Chronicle_: as it was doubtless originally had from the romance,
this is proof that the old metrical romances throw light on our first
writers in prose: many of our ancient historians have recorded the
fictions of romance.
[508] _i.e._ handkerchiefs. Here we have the etymology of the word,
viz. "_Couvre le Chef_."
[509] _i.e._ slipt aside.
[510] _i.e._ yawned.
[511] _i.e._ hurt.
[512] Dr. Warburton.--Dr. Grey.
[513] So it is intitled in the editor's MS. But the true title is _Le_
_Beaux Disconus_, or the Fair Unknown. See a note on the _Canterbury_
_Tales_, vol. iv. p. 333.
[514] Vid. _Discours sur la Poesie Epique_, prefixed to _Télémaque_.
[515] _i.e._ May all they be blithe that to my song listen: A song I
shall you sing, Of Allof the good king, &c.
[516] In each full page of this volume are forty-four lines, when the
poem is in long metre: and eighty-eight when the metre is short, and
the page in two columns.
[517] Sign. K. 2. b.
[518] For this and most of the following, which are mentioned as
preserved in the Public Library, I refer the reader to the _Oxon_
_Catalogue of MSS._, 1697, vol. ii p. 394; in Appendix to Bp. More's
MSS. No. 690, 33, since given to the University of Cambridge.
[519] No. 690, § 31. Vid. _Catalog. MSS._ p. 394.
[520] In the former editions, after the above, followed mention of a
fragment in the same MS., intitled, _Sir Lionel_, in distichs (p. 32)
[pr. ed. vol. i. p. 75]; but this being only a short ballad, and not
relating to K. Arthur, is here omitted.
[521] The French original is preserved among the Harl. MSS. No. 978, §
112, _Lanval_.
[522] See Laneham's _Letter concern. Q. Eliz. entertainment at_
_Killingworth_, 1575, 12mo. p. 34.
[523] No. 690. (30.) _Vid. Oxon Catalog. MSS._ p. 394.
[524] This is alluded to by Shakespeare in his _Hen. V._ (Act v.),
where Fluellyn tells Pistol, he will make him a squire of low degree,
when he means, to knock him down.
[525] Some of these I give, though mutilated and divested of their
titles, because they may enable a curious inquirer to complete or
improve other copies.
[526] _i.e._ adventure.
[Illustration]
GLOSSARY
TO THE THREE VOLUMES.
This is an amalgamation of the three original glossaries, with large
additions and alterations, and the introduction of references. It has
not, however, been thought necessary to refer to every passage in which
a particular word may occur.
Percy's explanatory notes are marked with the letter P.
Many words which appear in a slightly varied form from the present
spelling are not included in this glossary.
A', _all_.
A, _at_.
A, i. 27, _of_. Watter a Twyde, i. 25, _water of Tweed_.
Abacke, _back_.
Abenche, i. 409, _on a bench_.
Able, i. 87, _fit_, _suitable_.
Abone, i. 24;
aboon, i. 323;
aboone, i. 101;
aboun, i. 32, _above_.
Aboven ous, ii. 8, _above us_.
Abowght, i. 40, _about_.
Abraide, i. 168, _abroad_.
Abuve, ii. 83, _in the uplands_.
Abye, iii. 31, _suffer_, _pay for_, _expiate_.
Acton, i. 72, _a quilted leather jacket, worn under the coat of
mail_. Fr. hacqueton.
Advoutry, ii. 136, _adultery_.
Aff, ii. 70, _off_.
Affore, i. 269;
afore, ii. 115, _before_.
Aft, i. 321, _oft_.
Agayne, i. 121, _against_.
Ageyn, i. 119, _against_.
Agone, ii. 41, _gone_.
Ahte, ii. 11, _ought_.
Aik, iii. 147, _oak_.
Ail, ii. 84, _trouble_.
Ain, i. 102, _own_.
Aith, ii. 70, _oath_.
Al, ii. 9, _albeit_, _although_.
Al gife, _although_.
Alace, iii. 236, _alas_.
Alane, ii. 83, _alone_.
Alemaigne, ii. 7, _Germany_.
Allgyf, i. 125, _although_.
Almaine, iii. 110, _Germany_.
Alyes, ii. 33, _always_.
Amang, ii. 20, _among_.
Amangis, ii. 81, _amongst_.
Amblit, iii. 237, _ambled_.
Among, ii. 35, _at intervals_, _sometimes_.
An, _and_.
An, i, 60, _if_.
Ancyent, i. 271, _flag_, _banner_, _standard_.
And, _if_, but and, i. 27;
_but if_;
and youe, _if you_.
And but, ii. 15, _and unless_.
Ane, i. 30, ii. 118, _one_, _an_, _a_.
Anes, ii. 112, _once_, ii. 109. (?)
Angel, ii. 176, _a gold coin varying in value from 6s. 8d. to 10s._
Ann, ii. 69, _if_.
Anneuche, ii. 81, _enough_.
Annoy, ii. 211, _trouble_.
Ant, ii. 7, _and_.
Aplyht, al aplyht, ii. 14, _entirely_.
Aquoy, iii. 247, _coy_, _shy_.
Ar, ii. 24, _are_.
Aras, i. 24, _arrows_.
Archeborde, ii. 193, 203, _side of the ship?_ See Hach-borde.
Arcir, i. 103, _archer_.
Argabushe, ii. 53, _harquebuse, an old-fashioned kind of musket_.
Arrand, i. 80, _errand_.
Arros, i. 28, _arrows_.
Ase, ii. 8, _as_.
Aslake, ii. 37, _abate_.
Assay, i. 80, _essay_, assayed, ii. 44.
Assoyld, i. 179, _absolved_.
Astate, i. 119, _estate_.
Astonied, iii. 34, _astonished_, _stunned_.
Astound, i. 207, _stunned_.
Ath, i. 25, _of the_.
Att me, i. 207, _from me_.
Attour, ii. 81;
attowre, ii. 84, 86, _over_.
Au, iii. 75, _all_.
Auld, i. 83, 101, ii. 68, _old_.
Aule, i. 308, _awl_.
Aureat, i. 123, _golden_.
Austerne, i. 285, _stern_, _austere_.
Avaunce, ii. 49, _advance_.
Avow, iii. 327;
avowe, i. 23, 34, 47, 172;
ii. 23, 58, _vow_.
Aw, iii. 145, _all_.
Awa', ii. 69, _away_.
Awin, ii. 133, _own_.
Awne, i. 121, 274, _own_.
Axed, i. 129, _asked_.
Ay, ii. 70, _ever_;
also _ah! alas!_
Ayein, ii. 12, _against_.
Ayont the ingle, ii. 68, _beyond the fire_. _The fire was in the
middle of the room_.
"In the west of Scotland, at this present time, in many cottages,
they pile their peats and turfs upon stones in the middle of the
room. There is a hole above the fire in the ridge of the house to
let the smoke out at. In some places are cottage-houses, from the
front of which a very wide chimney projects like a bow-window: the
fire is in a grate, like a malt-kiln grate, round which the people
sit: sometimes they draw this grate into the middle of the room."
(Mr. Lambe.) P.
Ba', i. 59, _ball._
Bacheleere, i. 64, 78, _knight_;
bachelary, ii. 28;
bachelery, ii. 23, _company of bachelors_.
Badena, iii. 93, _delayed not_.
Baile, i. 122, _bale_, _evil_, _mischief_, _misery_, _trouble_.
Bairn, ii. 70;
bairne, i. 59, _child_.
Baith, i. 143, 321, _both_.
Bale, i. 108, 280, ii. 8, 59, _evil_, _hurt_, _mischief_, _misery_;
baleful, i. 136.
Balow, ii. 211 (a nursery term), _hush_, _lullaby_.
Balys bete, i. 35, _remedy our evils_.
Ban, ii. 70, _curse_.
Band, i. 70, 148, _bond_, _covenant_.
Bandrolles, iii. 290, _streamers_, _little flags_.
Bane, i. 29, _bone_.
Banket, ii. 225, _banquet_.
Banning, ii. 212, _cursing_.
Barker, ii. 96, _dealer in bark_.
Barne, i. 26, _child_, _man_, _person_.
Barrow hogge, i. 214, _gelded hog_.
Basnete, i. 29, basnite, i. 28, bassonett, i. 48, _helmet_.
Bason, _helmet_.
Batchilere, i. 68, _knight_.
Bathe, i. 30, _both_.
Bats, ii. 21, _cudgels_.
Bauld, i. 321, _bold_.
Bauzen's skinne, i. 308, _Sheepskin gloves with the wool on the
inside_.
Bayard, ii. 22, _a noted horse in the old romances_.
Be, ii. 9, _by_.
Beanes, ii. 203, _beams_.
Bearing arowe, i. 176, _an arrow that carries well_.
Bed, ii. 13, _bade_.
Bede, ii. 21, 23, _bid_, _offer_, _engage_.
Bedeaft, iii. 272, _deafened_.
Bedeene, ii. 57, iii. 11, _immediately_.
Bedight, i. 132, _bedecked_.
Bedone, iii. 6, 237, _wrought_, _made-up_, _ornamented_.
Beere, i. 50, iii. 42, _bier_.
Beforn, i. 321;
beforne, i. 29, 65, _before_.
Begilde, ii. 76;
begylde, ii. 44, _beguiled_, _deceived_.
Beheard, i. 114, _heard_.
Behove, i. 180, _behoof_.
Beir, i. 84;
beire, ii. 212, _bear_.
Belive, i. 115;
belyfe, i. 173, _immediately_, _presently_, _shortly_.
Ben, ii. 15, 16, iii. 208, _been_, _be_, _are_.
Ben, ii. 70, _within doors_, _the inner room_.
(The "but" is the outer room. "A but and a ben" is a house
containing two rooms.)
Bene, ii. 16, _bean, an expression of contempt_.
Benison, i. 322, _blessing_.
Bent, bents, _long coarse grass_, i. 24, 25, 28;
_also wild fields_, i. 41, 43, 65, 78.
Beoth, ii. 11, _be_, _are_.
Ber, ii. 13, _bare_.
Ber the prys, ii. 11, _bare the prize_.
Berne, i. 41, _man_.
Bernes, iii. 208, _barns_.
Berys, ii. 21, _beareth_.
Beseeme, _become_.
Besene, ii. 25, _dressed_.
Beshradde, iii. 317, _cut into shreds_.
Besmirche, _to soil_, _discolour_.
Bespake, iii. 158, _spoke_.
Besprent, ii. 52, _besprinkled_.
Beste, _beest_, _art_.
Beste, i. 189, _beast_.
Bested, _abode_.
Bestis, i. 122, _beasts_.
Bestrawghted, i. 189, _distracted_.
Besy, i. 129, _busy_.
Bet, _better_.
Beth, i. 284, _be_, _is_, _are_.
Bett, ii. 63, _lighted_. A.S. bétan fyr, _to make or light a fire_.
Bette, iii. 356, _did beat_.
Beuche, ii. 391, _bough_.
Bewray, ii. 179, _discover_.
Bi mi leautè, ii. 7, _by my loyalty_, _honesty_.
Bickarte, i. 24, _skirmished_;
also _swiftly_ coursed.
Mr. Lambe also interprets "Bickering," by rattling, _e.g._,
And on that slee Ulysses head
Sad curses down does BICKER.
Translat. of Ovid. P.
Bide at hame, iii. 97, _remain at home_.
Biilt, ii. 63, _built_.
Bil, i. 168, _pike or halbert_.
Bille, i. 282, 289, ii. 143, _writing_.
Biqueth, ii. 12, _bequeath_.
Bird, iii. 94, _child_, _term of affection usually applied to a woman_.
Birk, ii. 363, iii. 238, _birch-tree_.
Blak, ii. 21;
blake, ii. 21, _black_.
Blan, i. 269;
blane, i. 30;
blanne, i. 68, 91, 275, ii. 144, _lingered_, _stopped_.
Blaw, i. 145, iii. 147, _blow_;
blawing, iii. 147, _blowing_.
Blaze, ii. 260, _emblazon_, _display_.
Blee, i. 72, ii. 56, _colour_, _complexion_.
Bleid, iii. 94, _bleed_;
bleids, ii. 116, _bleeds_.
Blend, iii. 55;
blent, iii. 51, _blended_.
Blent, _ceased_.
Blink, ii. 120, _a glimpse of light_.
Blinkan, iii. 123, _twinkling_.
Blinks, iii. 74, _twinkles_, _sparkles_.
Blinne, iii. 46, _cease_, _give over_.
Blissing, iii. 208, _blessing_.
Blist, i. 310, _blessed_.
Blude, i. 34, _blood_;
blude reid, i. 100, _blood red_.
Bluid, i. 59, 83 _blood_;
bluidy, i. 144, _bloody_;
reid bluid, _red blood_, i. 146.
Blyth, ii. 68, _joyous_, _sprightly_.
Blyth, iii. 74, _joy_, _sprightliness_.
Blyve, i. 175, _instantly_.
Bode, i. 120, _abode_, _stayed_.
Boist, boisteris, _boast_, _boasters_.
Boke, ii. 16, _book_.
Bollys, ii. 21, _bowls_.
Boltes, _shafts_, _arrows_.
Bomen, i. 24, _bowmen_.
Bonny, iii. 147, _handsome_, _comely_.
Bonys, ii. 22, _bones_.
Roundebonys, ii. 22.
Bookes-man, iii. 52, _clerk_, _secretary_.
Boot, ii. 97;
boote, i. 109, 115, 136, ii. 59;
boots, iii. 154, _gain_, _advantage_, _help_, _assistance_.
Bore, iii. 112, _boar_.
Bore, iii. 40, _born_.
Borowe, i. 162, _to redeem_.
Borrow, i. 275, borrowe, i. 269, _pledge_, _surety_.
Bost, ii. 24, boste, i. 122, _pride_;
_boast_, ii. 8.
Bot, ii. 60, _but_.
Bot, ii. 109, _without_;
bot and, i. 144, _and also_;
bot dreid, _without dread, or certainly_;
bot gif, ii. 83, _unless_.
Bots, iii. 186, _a worm troublesome to horses_.
Bougill, i. 147, _bugle-horn_, _hunting-horn_.
Boun, i. 146, _ready_.
Bowen, ii. 44, _ready_.
Bower, iii. 125, 126, 131, _parlour_, _chamber_.
Bower-window, iii. 125, _chamber window_.
Bowne, i. 63, 77, ii. 94, _ready_;
bowned, _prepared_;
bowne ye, i. 107, _prepare ye_, _get ready_;
bowne to dine, _going to dine_.
Bowne _is a common word in the North for "going,"_ e.g. Where are
you bowne to? _Where are you going to?_ P.
Bow're-woman, iii. 96, _chambermaid_.
Bowyn, i. 41, _ready_.
Bowynd, i. 40, _prepared_.
Bowys, i. 28, _bows_.
Brade, ii. 107, 112, _broad_.
Brae, iii. 147, _the brow or side of a hill_, _a declivity_.
Braes of Yarrow, ii. 363, _hilly banks of the river Yarrow_.
Braid, _broad_.
Braid, i. 100, _open_.
Brand, i. 83, 96;
brande, i. 25, 30, 40, 48, 67, _sword_.
Brast, i. 66, 168, ii. 56, 98, iii. 61, _burst_.
Braw, ii. 227, _brave_.
Braw, ii. 69, _bravely_, _handsomely_.
Brayd attowre the bent, ii. 84, _hastened over the field_.
Brayn-pannes, ii. 25, _skulls_.
Bread, ii. 192, _breadth_.
Bred, i. 43, _broad_.
Breeden, i. 108, _breed_.
Breere, i. 111, _briar_.
Bren, i. 80, 145;
brenn, ii. 57, _burn_.
Brenand drake, ii. 23, _fiery dragon_.
Brenn, i. 144;
brenne, i. 73, 159, _burn_;
brent, i. 160, ii. 55, iii. 87, _burnt_;
brenning, ii. 142, _burning_.
Brest, i. 29, _breast_.
Brest, ii. 21, _burst_.
Brether, i. 87, _brethren_.
Bridal (bride-ale), _nuptial feast_.
Brigue, iii. 95;
briggs, iii. 92, _bridge_.
Brimme, ii. 257, _public_, _universally known_;
A.-S. bryme.
Britled, iii. 12, _carved_.
Broche, ii. 22, _any ornamental trinket_. _Stone buckles of silver
or gold with which gentlemen and ladies clasp their shirt-bosoms,
and handkerchiefs, are called in the North_ broches, _from the_ Fr.
broche, _a spit_. P.
Brocht, ii. 85, _brought_.
Broder, ii. 360, _brother_.
Broding, i. 64, 78, _pricking_.
Broht, ii. 13;
brohte, ii. 8, _brought_.
Bronde, i. 49, _sword_.
Brooche, brouche, _a spit_, _a bodkin_.
Brooke, _enjoy_;
and I brook, i. 34, _if I enjoy_.
Brouke hur wyth wynne, ii. 20, _enjoy her with pleasure_.
Browd, i. 24, _broad_.
Broyt, ii. 21, _brought_.
Bryttlynge, i. 25, _cutting up_, _quartering_, _carving_.
Buen, ii. 12;
bueth, ii. 13, _been_, _be_, _are_.
Buff, i. 150, _arm_, _dress_.
Bugle, i. 65, 78, _bugle horn_, _hunting horn_ (_being the horn of
a bugle or wild bull_).
Buik, _book_.
Buit, ii. 81, _help_.
Burgens, ii. 383, _buds_, _young shoots_.
Burn, iii. 147, bourne, _brook_.
Bushment, i. 122, _ambush_, _snare_.
Busk, i. 146, _dress_, _deck_;
busk ye, i. 107, ii. 363, _dress ye_;
busk and boun, i. 146, _make yourselves ready to go_;
buske them blyve, i. 175, _get them ready instantly_;
buskit, i. 143, _dressed_;
buskt them, i. 122, _prepared themselves_, _made themselves ready_.
But, _without_;
but let, _without hindrance_.
But, i. 75, ii. 144, _unless_;
but an, i. 144, _unless_;
but yf, ii. 23, _unless_.
Bute, ii. 83, _boot_, _good_, _advantage_.
Butt, ii. 70, _the outer room_.
See Ben.
By three, _of three_.
Byde, ii. 83, _stay_.
Bydys, i. 28, _bides_, _abides_.
Bye, _buy_, _pay for_.
Byears, i. 33, beeres, _biers_.
Byhynde, ii. 19, _behind_.
Byre, iii. 236, _cow-house_.
Byste, i. 41, _beest_, _art_.
Ca', iii. 93, _call_.
Caddis, i. 376, _worsted ribbon_.
Cadgily, ii. 68, _merrily_, _cheerfully_.
Caitif, iii. 228;
caitive, ii. 135, _wretch_.
Cales, ii. 243, _Cadiz_.
Calliver, _a large pistol or blunderbuss_.
Camscho, iii. 385. (Glossary--_Eldridge_) _grim_.
Can, i. 44, 77, ii. 24, 70;
cane, i. 47, _gan_, _began_.
Can, ii. 37, _know_.
Canna, iii. 123;
cannæ, i. 59, 146, _cannot_.
Cannes, _wooden cups_, _bowls_.
Cantabanqui, i. 374, _ballad-singers_, _singers on benches_.
Cantells, ii. 23, _pieces_, _corners_.
Canty, ii. 69, _cheerful_, _chatty_.
Capul, ii. 24, _a poor horse_;
capulys, ii. 24, _horses_.
Capull hyde, i. 107, 114, _horse hide_.
Carle, ii. 68, iii. 123, _clown_, _a strong, hale old man_.
Carlish, i. 133, iii. 14, _churlish_, _discourteous_.
Carlist, iii. 329, _churlish_?
Carp, ii. 136;
carpe, ii. 19, _to speak_, _recite_, also _to censure_, i. 33,
_complain_.
Carpyng, ii. 20, _tumult_.
Cast, i. 26, _mean_, _intend_.
Caste, ii. 128, _stratagem_.
Catives, ii. 302, _wretches_.
Cau, ii. 71, _call_.
Cauld, i. 143, ii. 68, _cold_.
Causey, ii. 139, _causeway_.
Cawte and kene, i. 44, _cautious and active_.
Cent, i. 130, _scent_.
Cetywall, i. 307, _setiwall_, _the herb valerian_, _or mountain
spikenard_.
Cham, ii. 288, _I am, in Somersetshire dialect_.
Chanteclere, i. 307, _the cock_.
Chap, iii. 93, 95, _knock_.
Charke-bord, ii. 203? same as archeborde, _side of the ship_.
See Hach-borde.
Chayme, ii. 74, _Cain_, or _Ham_.
Chays, i. 26, _chase_.
Che, ii. 286, _I. in Somersetshire dialect_.
Cheare, ii. 216, _chair_.
Checke, i. 301, _to stop_, _to chide_.
Cheefe, _the upper part of the scutcheon in heraldry_.
Cheffe, i. 28, _chief_;
cheffest, iii. 44, _chiefest_.
Cheften, i. 28, _chieftain_.
Cheis, _choose_.
Chevaliers, _knights_.
Cheveron, ii. 25, _upper part of the scutcheon in heraldry_.
Chevy Chase, i. 19, _Cheviot chase or hunt_.
See same contraction in Tividale.
Chield, _fellow_.
Child, iii. 58, _knight_.
Children, i. 66, 77, _knights_.
Chill, ii. 286, _I will, in Somersetshire dialect_.
Cholde, y-cholde, ii. 12, _I would_.
Choul'd, ii. 287, _I would, in Som. dialect_.
Christentie, christentye, i. 92, ii. 61;
christianté, i. 31,
_Christendom_.
Church-ale, iii. 198, _a wake or feast in commemoration of the
dedication of a church_.
Chyf, chyfe, _chief_.
Chylded, ii. 382, _brought forth_, _was delivered_.
Chylder, ii. 25, _children's_.
Chyviat chays, i. 26. (See Chevy Chase.)
Claiths, ii. 69, _clothes_.
Clattered, _beat so as to rattle_.
Clawde, _clawed_, _tore_, _scratched_;
figuratively, _beat_.
Clead, ii. 69, _clad_, _clothe_;
cleading, iii. 237, _clothing_.
Cleaped, i. 306, _called_, _named_.
Cled, iii. 147, _clad_, _clothed_.
Clepe, ii. 13, _call_;
cleped, ii. 14, _called_.
Cliding, iii. 97, _clothing_.
Clim, i. 155, _contraction of Clement_.
Clough, i. 155, _a broken cliff_.
Clout, i. 197, _a cloth to strain milk through_;
_rag_, ii. 71.
Clout, ii. 100, _mend_.
Clowch, _clutch_, _grasp_.
Clymme, ii. 74, _climb_.
Coate, i. 309, _cot_, _cottage_.
Cockers, i. 308, _a sort of buskins or short boots fastened with
laces or buttons, worn by farmers or shepherds_.
Cokers, _fishermen's boots_ (Littleton's Dict.)
Cog, iii. 203, _to lie_, _cheat_.
Cohorted, ii. 382, _incited_, _exhorted_.
Cokenay, ii. 28, explained by Percy to be a diminutive of cook,
from the Latin coquinator, or coquinarius;
it really means _a lean chicken_.
Cold, ii. 232;
colde, ii. 55, _could_.
Cold, iii. 6, _knew_,
where I cold be;
i. 286, _where I was_.
Cold rost, _nothing to the purpose_.
Cole, iii. 108, _coal_.
Coleyne, iii. 33, _Cologne steel_.
Collayne, i. 48, _Cologne steel_.
Com, ii. 12;
come, ii. 21, _came_;
comen, i. 89;
commen, i. 33, _come_.
Con, ii. 27, _can_.
Con fare, _went_, _passed_.
Con springe, ii. 11, _spread abroad_.
Con twenty thanks, iii. 210, _give twenty thanks_.
Confeterd, i. 120, _confederated_.
Confound, i. 218, _destroy_.
Contray, ii. 19, _country_.
Cop, ii. 9, _head_, _the top of anything_.
Coppell, ii. 21, _name of a hen_.
Cordiwin, i. 318, _originally Spanish or Cordovan leather,
afterwards commoner leather_.
Cors, ii. 21, _body_.
Cors, i. 26, _curse_.
Corsiare, i. 30, _courser_, _steed_.
Coste, ii. 30, _coast_, _side_, _region_.
Cote, i. 303;
cott, iii. 183, _cottage_.
Cote, iii. 53, _coat_.
Cotydyallye, ii. 381, _daily_, _every day_.
Could bear, ii. 137, did _bare_.
Could be, _was_.
Could dye, _died_.
Could his good, _knew what was good for him_.
Could weip, _wept_.
Coulde, _cold_.
Counsayl, _secret_.
Countie, i. 303, _count_, _earl_.
Coupe, i. 300, _coop, or a pen for poultry_.
Courtas, ii. 82, _courteous_.
Courteys, ii. 46, _courteous_.
Courtnalls, iii. 182, _courtiers_.
Couth, i. 306, _could_.
Couthen, ii. 13, _knew_.
Cowde, i. 44, _could_.
Coyntrie, i. 308, _Coventry_.
Cramasie, iii. 75, 147, _crimson_.
Crancke, i. 307, _exultingly_.
Cranion, iii. 198, _skull_.
Crech, ii. 27. This word is incorrectly explained in the text as
_crutch_. It is really a form of the French _crèche_, a crib or
manger. It occurs as _cracche_ in the "Promptorium Parv." (1440).
Crepyls, ii. 24, _cripples_.
Cricke, i. 196, _properly an ant, but used for any small insect_.
Crinkle, iii. 10, _run in and out_, _run into flexures_, _wrinkle_.
Cristes cors, _Christ's corse_.
Croche, ii. 312, _crouch_.
Croft, ii. 22, _inclosure near a house_.
Crois, ii. 13;
croiz, ii. 12, _cross_.
Crook, ii. 70, _twist_, _wrinkle_, _distort_;
crook my knee, ii. 71, _make lame my knee_.
They say in the North "the horse is crookit," _i.e._ lame;
the "horse crooks," _i.e._ goes lame. P.
Crouneth, ii. 12, _crown ye_.
Crowch, i. 180, _crutch_.
Crown, i. 26, _head_.
Crowt, iii. 10, _to pucker up_, _draw close together_. (Another
form of crowd.)
Crumpling, ii. 257, _crooked_, _horned_.
Cryance, i. 65, 66, 78, _fear_.
Cule, ii. 229, _cool_.
Cum, i. 28, 59, 101, 143;
ii. 132, _come_, _came_.
Cummer, ii. 133, _gossip_, _friend_;
Fr. commère, compère.
Cure, ii. 76, _care_, _heed_, _regard_.
Dale, _deal_;
bot gif I dale, ii. 83, _unless I share_.
Dampned, i. 161, _damned_, _condemned_.
Dan, _an ancient title of respect_, from Lat. Dominus.
Danske, ii. 254, _Denmark_.
Dare, ii. 360, _their_;
ii. 361, _there_.
Darh, ii. 14, _need_.
Darr'd, ii. 118, _hit_.
Dart the tree, ii. 115, _hit the tree_.
Dat, ii. 360, _that_.
Daunger halt, ii. 16, _fear holdeth_.
Dawes, iii. 368, _days_.
Dawkin, ii. 19, diminutive of David.
De, ii. 360, _the_.
De, i. 26, 30, _die_.
Dealan, iii. 134, _dealing_.
Deare, ii. 308, _hurt_.
Deare, iii. 82, _dearly_.
Deas, iii. _the high table in a hall_. F. dais, a canopy.
Ded, ii. 26;
dede, i. 30, _dead_.
Dede is do, ii. 36, _deed is done_.
Dee, iii. 99, _die_.
Deemed, iii. 52;
deemedst, ii. 217, _doomed_, _judged_;
_thus in the Isle of Man judges are called Deemsters_. P.
Deere, ii. 304, _hurt_, _mischief_.
Deerely, ii. 194, iii. 27;
_preciously_, _richly_.
Default, i. 303, _neglect_.
Deid, ii. 83, _dead_;
deid bell, iii. 134, _passing bell_.
Deid, i. 101, 147, _deed_.
Deip, i. 60;
_deep_.
Deir, i. 83, 101;
_dear_.
Deir, iii. 96, _dearly_.
Deir, ii. 82, _hurt_, _trouble_.
Deie, ii. 35, _deal_, _bit_.
Dele, ii. 45, _to deal_.
Dell, _deal, part_;
every dell, _every part_.
Delt, iii. 119, _dealt_.
Dem, ii. 361, _them_.
Demaines, iii. 209, _demesnes_, _estates_.
Deme, ii. 265, _judged_, _doomed_.
Denay, i. 217, _deny_, _refuse_.
Dent, ii. 21, _a dint_, _blow_.
Deol, ii. 13, _dole_, _grief_.
Depart, ii. 37, _separate_;
departing, ii. 84, _dividing_.
Depured, i. 129, _purified_, _run clear_.
Deray, ii. 28, _confusion_.
Dere, ii. 20, _dear_, also _hurt_.
Dere, ii. 19, _dire or sad_.
A.-S. derian, to hurt. "My dearest foe"--_Hamlet_.
Dere, iii. 357, _wild animals_.
Derked, ii. 37, _darkened_.
Dern, ii. 82, _secret_;
I'dern, ii. 83, _in secret_.
Descreeve, i. 63, _describe_;
descrying, iii. 168, _describing_.
Devys, ii. 12, _devise_, _the act of bequeathal by will_.
Dey, ii. 361, _they_.
Dey, i. 33;
deye, ii. 12, _die_.
Did off, i. 114, _took off_;
did on, iii. 65, _put on_.
Dight, i. 63, 74;
dighte, ii. 162, _decked_, _dressed_, _prepared_, _wrought_,
_fitted out_, _done_.
Diht, ii. 11, _wrought_;
ii. 12, _sent_.
Dill, ii. 82, _share_.
Dill, _still_, _calm_, _mitigate_.
Dill, i. 63, 77, 78, _dole_, _grief_, _pain_, _sorrow_;
dill I drye, i. 64, _pain I suffer_;
dill was dight, _grief was upon him_.
Dinge, iii. 51, _knock_, _beat_.
Dis, _this_.
Discreeve, i. 77, _describe_, or _discover_.
Disna, iii. 123, _does not_.
Disteynyd, i. 124, _stained_.
Distrere, iii. 108, _the horse ridden by a knight in the tournament_.
Do, ii. 36, _done_.
Dochter, i. 59, 145, ii. 68, _daughter_.
Dois, i. 59, 83, _does_.
Dois, _days_.
Dol, ii. 13;
dole, i. 63, 137, 292, _dole_, _grief_, _sorrow_.
Doleful dumps, i. 188, 261, _sorrowful gloom or heaviness of heart_.
Dolours, _dolorous_, _mournful_.
Don, iii. 208, _do_.
Don, ii. 23, _be made_.
Done roun, ii. 80, _run down_.
Dosend, iii. 123, _dosing_, _drowsy_, _torpid_, _benumbed_.
Doth, dothe, doeth, _do_.
Doubt, iii. 327, _fear_.
Doubteous, _doubtful_.
Dough, ii. 360, _though_.
Doughty, iii. 26;
doughtye, i. 305;
dowghtye, i. 40;
_formidable_.
Doughete, i. 28,_ a doughty man_.
Dounae, i. 60, _cannot_.
Dout, ii. 23, _fear_.
Doute, i. 167, _doubt_.
Doutted, i. 123, _redoubted_, _feared_.
Douyty, _doughty_.
Doy-trogh, ii. 24, _dough trough_, _a kneading trough_.
Doys, i. 34, _does_.
Doyter, ii. 20, _daughter_.
Drake;
brenand drake, ii. 23, _burning, fire-breathing dragon_.
Drap, _drop_;
draping, ii. 114, drapping, iii. 97, _dropping_.
Dre, i. 31, 83, _suffer_.
Dreid, ii. 82, _dread_.
Dreips, i. 146, _drips_, _drops_.
Dreiry, iii. 100, _dreary_.
Drieps, iii. 146, _drips_, _drops_.
Drie, i. 144, _suffer_;
_ill_, i. 284;
_undergo_, i. 83.
Drighnes, i. 119, _dryness_.
Drogh, ii. 26, _drew_.
Drovyers, i. 254, _drovers_, _cattle-drivers_.
Drye, i. 49, 64, 78, _suffer_, _endure_.
Dryng, ii. 8, _drink_.
Duble dyse, _double or false dice_.
Dude, ii. 7, _did_;
dudest, ii. 9, _didst_.
Duel, ii. 11, _grief_.
Dughty, ii. 19, 26, _doughty_;
dughtynesse of dent, ii. 21, _sturdiness of blows_.
Dule, i. 83, 145, _dole_, _grief_, _sorrow_;
dulefu', ii. 69, _doleful_.
Dumps, i. 188, 261, ii. 69, _heaviness of heart_.
Dwellan, iii. 134, _dwelling_.
Dy, _die_;
dyan, iii. 134, _dying_.
Dyd on, i. 159, _put on_;
dyd off, i. 164, _doffed_, _put off_.
Dyght, i. 30, _dressed_, _put on_.
Dyht, ii. 14, _to dispose_, _order_.
Dynt, i. 30, dynte, i. 31, dyntes, i. 32, _dint_, _blow_, _stroke_.
Dystrayne, ii. 37, _afflict_.
Dyyt, ii. 24, _dight_, _dressed_.
Eame, _uncle_.
Eard, _earth_.
Earn, ii. 70, _to curdle_, _make cheese_.
Eathe, i. 273, _easy_.
Eather, iii. 100, _either_.
Eche, ii. 246, _each_.
Ee, i. 101, 178, ii. 60;
een, i. 320, _eye_, _eyes_.
Eene, iii. 75, _even_.
Effund, iii. 301, _pour forth_.
Eftsoon, iii. 304, _in a short time_.
Egge, ii. 259, _to urge on_.
Eik, ii. 83, _also_.
Eiked, ii. 85, _added_, _enlarged_.
Ein, i. 145, _even_.
Eir, i. 101, 146, 320, _ever_.
Eise, ii. 212, _ease_.
Eke, ii. 13, _also_.
Eldridge, i. 64, 78, _wild_, _hideous_, _ghostly_, _lonesome_,
_uninhabited_.
"In the ballad of _Sir Cauline_ we have 'Eldridge Hills,' p. 65,
'Eldridge Knight,' p. 65, 'Eldridge Sword,' p. 67. So Gawin Douglas
calls the Cyclops the 'Elriche Brethir,' _i.e._ brethren (b. ii. p.
91, l. 16), and in his Prologue to b. vii. (p. 202, l. 3) he thus
describes the Night-Owl:--
"'Laithely of forme, with crukit camscho beik,
'Ugsome to here was his wyld _elrische_ skreik.'
"In Bannatyne's MS. Poems (fol. 135, in the Advocate's Library
at Edinburgh) is a whimsical rhapsody of a deceased old woman
travelling in the other world; in which
"'Scho wanderit, and yeid by, to an _Elrich_ well.'
"In the Glossary to G. Douglas, Elriche, &c. is explained by 'Wild,
hideous: Lat. _Trux_, _immanis_;' but it seems to imply somewhat
more, as in Allan Ramsay's Glossaries." P.
Elke, _each_.
Elles, ii. 20, _else_.
Ellumynynge, i. 123, _embellishing_.
Elyconys, i. 119, _Helicon's_.
Elvish, _peevish_, _fantastical_.
Eme, i. 44, ii. 9, _uncle_, _kinsman_.
Endyed, i. 123, _dyed_.
Ene, eyn, _eyes_.
Ene, _even_.
Enharpid, i. 123, _hooked or edged_.
Enkankered, _cankered_.
Enouch, iii. 100, _enough_.
Enowe, i. 275, _enough_.
Ensue, ii. 43, _follow_.
Entendement, ii. 382, _understanding_.
Entent, ii. 49, _intent_.
Ententifly, ii, 382, _to the intent_, _purposely_.
Envie;
envye, i. 42, _malice_, _ill-will_, _injury_.
Er, ii. 20, 26, _are_.
Ere, ii. 36, 42, _ear_.
Erlys, ii. 47;
erlés, iii. 94, _earls_.
Erst, i. 83, _heretofore_.
Etermynable, i. 126, _interminable_, _unlimited_.
Ettled, ii. 116, _aimed_.
Evanished, iii. 133, _vanished_.
Everych, ii. 27, _every_;
everychone, i. 156;
iii. 108, _every one_.
Ew-bughts, iii. 74, _pens for milch-ewes_.
Eyen, i. 72;
eyn, ii. 15;
eyne, i. 132, _eyes_.
Ezar, iii. 97, _maple_.
Fa', i. 84, 146, _fall_;
fa's, iii. 123, _falls_.
Fach, i. 33, feche, _fetch_.
Fader, iii. 365;
fadir, i. 83;
fatheris, _father_, _father's_.
Fadge, iii. 236, _a bundle of sticks_, _a thick loaf of bread_,
_coarse heap of stuff_.
Fadom, i. 102, _fathom_.
Fae, ii. 109, _foe_.
Fain, ii. 69;
faine, i. 164, 287;
fayne, i. 157, _glad_, _fond_, _well pleased_;
faine of fighte, i. 92, _fond of fighting_.
Fair of feir, _of a fair and healthful look_;
perhaps, far off (free from) fear. P.
Falds, iii. 123, _thou foldest_.
Fallan, iii. 133, _falling_.
Fals, ii. 212, _false_.
Falser, iii. 161, _a deceiver_, _hypocrite_.
Falsing, ii. 61, _dealing in falsehood_.
Fand, iii. 324, _found_.
Fang, ii. 26, _make off_.
Fann'd, ii. 246, _found_.
Fannes, _instruments for winnowing corn_.
Fantacy, ii. 136;
fantasye, ii. 160, _fancy_.
Farden, i. 72, _flashed_.
Fare, i. 84, ii. 21, _go forth_, _pass_, _travel_.
Fare, _the price of a passage_, _shot_, _reckoning_.
Farley, i. 107, _strange_.
Fauht, i. 122, _fought_.
Fauld, ii. 85, _field_.
Fauyt, ii. 30, _fought_.
Fawkon, i. 42, _falcon_.
Fawn, iii. 122, _fallen_.
Fawte, i. 122, _fought_.
Fay, i. 178;
faye, i. 106, _faith_.
Fayrere, ii. 45, _fairer_.
Faytors, i. 215, _deceivers_, _dissemblers_, _cheats_.
Fe, i. 178, _fee_, _reward_, also _bribe_.
Applied to lands and tenements which are held by perpetual right,
and by acknowledgment of superiority to a higher lord.
Feare. In feare, ii. 149, _company_.
Feat, i. 300, _nice_, _neat_.
Featously, i. 306, _neatly_, _dexterously_.
Fedyrs, ii. 22, _feathers_.
Fee, ii. 140, _property_.
Feere, i. 63, 76, _mate_, _companion_.
Feill, ii. 86, _fail_(?).
Feil, fele, _many_.
Feirs, ii. 114, _companions_.
Feir, i. 101, ii. 82;
feire, ii. 212, _fear_.
Feit, i. 84, 102, _feet_.
Felawe, ii. 44, _fellow_.
Feld, ii. 25, _field_.
Fell, i. 65, 78;
ii. 19, _furious_, _fierce_, _keen_, i. 306.
Fell, ii. 25, _hide_.
Feloy, ii. 25, _fellow_.
Fend, ii. 21;
fende, ii. 59, _defend_.
Fendys pray, i. 125, _the prey of the fiends_.
Fere, ii. 36, _fear_.
Fere, i. 64, 68, 73, 156, ii. 20, _mate_, play-feres, i. 59,
_play-fellows_.
Ferly, ii. 19, _wonder_;
also _wonderfully_, ii, 25.
Ferlyng, ii. 8, _furlong_.
Ferr, i. 62, _far_.
Fersly, i. 160, _fiercely_.
Fesaunt, i. 42, _pheasant_.
Fest, ii. 27, _feast_.
Fet, ii. 128, iii. 193;
fett, i. 286;
fette, i. 50, 68, _fetched_;
deepe-fette, i. 76, _deep-drawn_.
Fethe, i. 29, _faith_.
Fettle, i. 116;
fetteled, i. 108;
fettled, i. 113, 116, _prepared_, _addressed_, _made ready_.
Fey, ii. 118, _predestinated to some misfortune_.
Feyytyng, ii. 19, _fighting_.
Fie, ii. 82, _sheep or cattle_.
Fier, i. 149, _fire_.
Filde, _field_.
Filinge, iii. 63, _defiling_.
Fillan, iii. 134, _filling_.
Finaunce, i. 125, _fine_, _forfeiture_.
Find frost, _find mischance or disaster_.
Firth, ii. 85, _copse_, _wood_.
Fit, i. 27;
fitt, ii. 177;
fytte, i. 44, _part or division of a song_.
Fitts, _i.e._ divisions or parts in music, are alluded to in
"Troilus and Cressida," act. iii. sc. 1.
(See Steevens's note.) P.
Fit, _foot, feet_;
a fit, ii. 70, _on foot_.
Flatred, ii. 25, _slit_.
Flayne, iii. 25, _flayed_.
Flearing, i. 215, _sneering_.
Flee, iii. 97, _fly_.
Fles, ii. 24, _fleece_.
Fleyke, ii. 134, _a large kind of hurdle_;
cows are frequently milked in hovels made of fleyks.
Flindars, iii. 97, _pieces_, _splinters_.
Flix, iii. _flux_.
Flote, i. 201.
To flote is to flete or fleet, to flit, to change position easily,
to move away quickly; as fleeting moments, flitting birds
Flote and flete are two forms of the same word; and flutter bears
the same relation to flote that flitter does to flete.
In the Roxburghe copy of the ballad of _Willow, Willow_ this word
is printed as "fleet." (Roxb. Ballads, ed. Chappell, part i. p.
172.)
Flout, ii. 179;
floute, i. 197, _to sneer_;
fflouting, i. 289.
Flowan, ii. 364, _flowing_.
Flude, ii. 364, _flood_.
Flyte, i. 196, 281, 288, _to contend with words_, _scold_.
Fole, iii. 108, _foal_.
Fonde, ii. 12, _contrive_, _endeavour_, _try_.
Foo, i. 50, _foe_.
Fooder, ii. 66, _wine tun_;
Germ. _fuder_.
For, _on account of_.
For but, ii. 146, _unless_.
Forbode, _commandment_.
Force, no force, _no matter_.
Forced, ii. 76, _regarded_, _heeded_.
Forefend, i. 268;
forfend, ii. 97, _prevent_, _defend_, _avert_, _hinder_.
Forewearied, _over-wearied_.
Forfeebled, ii. 107, _enfeebled_.
For-fought, ii. 25, _over-fought_.
Fors, ii. 21, _strength_.
Fors. I do no fors, ii. 16, _I don't care_.
Forsede, i. 122, _heeded_, _regarded_.
Forst, ii. 76, _regarded_.
Forthynketh, i. 174, _repenteth_, _vexeth_, _troubleth_.
Forthy, _therefore_.
Forwarde, i. 44, _van_.
Forewatcht, ii. 77, _over-wakeful_, _kept awake_.
Fosters of the fe, i. 175, _foresters of the king's demesnes_.
Fot pot, ii. 9, _with his foot push on_.
Fote, i. 49, _foot_.
Fou, i. 147, iii. 75;
fow, iii. 99, _full_, also _fuddled_.
Fowkin, ii. 22, _crepitus ventris_.
Fox't, _drunk_.
Frae, i. 144, _from_.
Fraemang, ii. 107, _from among_.
Fraid i. 323, _afraid_.
Freake, i. 31, _man_, _person_, _human creature_.
Freake, _a whim or maggot_.
Freckys, i. 29, _men_.
Freers, ii. 128;
fryars, _friars_.
Freits, i. 146, _ill omens_, _ill-luck_.
Freke, i. 49, ii. 25, _man_;
frekys, ii. 25, _men_.
Freyke, ii. 135, _humour_, _freak_.
Freyke, i. 29, _strong man_.
Freyned, ii. 134, _asked_;
freyned that freake, ii. 134, _asked that man_.
Frie, ii. 82;
_free_.
Fro, i. 159;
froe, i. 106, 139, _from_.
Fruward, _forward_.
Furth, ii. 21, _forth_.
Fuyson, i. 123;
foyson, _plenty_, also _substance_.
Fyer, ii. 55, 105, _fire_;
fyerye, iii. 118, _fiery_.
Fyers, _fierce_.
Fyhte, ii. 12, _fight_.
Fykkill, i. 123, _fickle_.
Fyl'd, iii. 147, _defiled_.
Fyll, i. 121, _fell_.
Ga, ii. 24;
_go_;
gais, ii. 83, _goes_.
Ga, ii. 113, _gave_.
Gaberlunyie, ii. 71, _a wallet_;
gaberlunyie man, ii. 67, _a tinker_, _beggar_, _one who carried a
wallet_.
Gade, iii. 122, _went_.
Gadelyngys, ii. 20, _gadders_, _idle fellows_.
Gaderyd, ii. 27, _gathered_.
Gadryng, ii. 22, _gathering_.
Gae, ii. 70, _gave_.
Gae, i. 143;
gaes, ii. 69, _go_, _goes_.
Gaed, ii. 69, _went_.
Gair, ii. 86, _strip of land_.
Gair, i. 59, _geer_, _dress_.
Gait, iii. 95, _gate_.
Galliard, ii. 162, _a sprightly kind of dance_.
Gamon, i. 67, _to make game_, _to sport_.
A.-S. gamenian _jocari_.
Gan, i. 63, 129, 309, ii. 68, _began_.
Gan, i. 30;
gane, i. 30, ii. 69, _gone_.
Gang, i. 83, ii. 69, _go_.
Ganyde, i. 28, _gained_.
Gar, ii. 70;
iii. 94, gare, garre, i. 44, _make_, _cause_, _force_, &c.;
gars, i. 321, _makes_.
Gard, iii. 97;
garde, i. 28;
garred, garr'd, ii. 117;
gart, iii. 97, _made_.
Gargeyld, i. 128, from _gargouille_, _the spout of a gutter_. The
tower was adorned with spouts cut in the figures of greyhounds,
lions, &c.
Garland, i. 111, _the ring within which the prick or mark was set
to be shot at_.
Garth, ii. 391 _garden_, _yard_.
Gat, i. 146, _got_.
Gate, i. 108, _way_.
Gaup, ii. 139, _gapes_, _waits_.
Gear, i. 322, iii. 122, _goods_, _effects_, _stuff_.
Gederede ys host, ii. 8, _gathered his host_.
Geere, i. 274, 288, _property_.
Gef, ii. 31, _give_.
Geid, _gave_.
Geir, ii. 69, _gear_, _property_.
Gerte, iii. 357, _pierced_.
Gesse, ii. 49, _guess_.
Gest, ii. 85, _act_, _feat_, _story_, _history_.
Gettyng, i. 43, _booty_.
Geud, i. 103, _good_.
Geve, ii. 53, _give_.
Gibed, _jeered_.
Gi', i. 145;
gie, i. 145, _give_;
gied, i. 321, _gave_.
Giff, i. 322;
giffe, ii. 57, _if_.
Gilderoy, i. 320, _red boy_ (or gillie);
Gaelic, _Gille ruadh_ (pronounced _roy_).
Gillore, ii. 361, _plenty_.
Gimp, ii. 110, _neat_, _slender_.
Gin, i. 60, iii. 74, _if_.
Gin, iii. 203;
Ginn, iii. 53;
_engine_, _contrivance_.
Gins, ii. 53, _begins_.
Give, ii. 237;
_if_.
Glave, ii. 115, _sword_.
Glede, i. 26, _a red-hot coal_.
Glent, i. 24, _glanced_.
Glente, iii. 356, _slipped aside_.
Gleyinge, i. 408, _minstrelsy_.
Glist, ii. 110, _glistered_.
Glose, i. 120, _gloss over_.
Glowr, iii. 75, _stare_ or _frown_.
Gloze, iii. 203, _canting_, _dissimulation_, _fair outside_.
God before, _God be thy guide_, a form of blessing.
So in Shakespeare's "King Hen. V." (A. iii. sc. 8) the King says:--
"My army's but a weak and sickly guard;
Yet, God before, tell him we will come on." P.
Gode, ii. 21, _good_.
Gods-pennie, ii. 140, _earnest money_.
Gon, ii. 21, _began_.
Gone, _go_.
Good, _a good deal_.
Good-e'ens, ii. 68, _good evenings_.
Good-se peny, ii. 147, _earnest money_.
Gorget, ii. 57, _the dress of the neck_.
Gorrel-bellyed, ii. 346, _pot-bellied_.
Gowan, ii. 364, _the common yellow crowfoot or gold cup_, _daisy_.
Gowd, i. 145, iii. 75, _gold_;
gowden glist, ii. 110, _shone like gold_;
gowden graith'd, ii. 230, _caparisoned with golden accoutrements_.
Graine, i. 158, i. 197, _scarlet_.
Graith'd, ii. 230, _caparisoned_.
Gramarye, i. 91;
grammarye, i. 92, _grammar_, _abstruse learning_.
Gramercy, i. 173;
gramercye, ii. 95, _I thank you_.
Fr. grand-mercie.
Graunge;
peakish graunge, i. 299, _a lone country house_.
Graythed, ii. 21, _made ready_.
Gre, ii. 21, _prize_.
Grea-hondes, i. 24, _grey-hounds_.
Grece, i. 129, _step_, _flight of steps_.
Greece, _fat_;
hart of greece, i. 170, _a fat hart_. Fr. graisse.
Greet, iii. 100, _weep_.
Grein, iii. 75, _green_.
Gresse, i. 43, iii. 62, _grass_.
Gret, ii. 12, _grieved_.
Greves, i. 24, _groves_, _bushes_.
Grippel, ii. 254, _griping_, _tenacious_, _miserly_.
Grone, iii. _groan_.
Ground-wa', i. 145, _groundwall_.
Growynde, i. 48, 49, _ground_.
Grownes, ii. 256, _grounds_.
Growte, ii. 256. In Northamptonshire is a kind of small beer
extracted from the malt after the strength has been drawn off. In
Devon it is a kind of sweet ale medicated with eggs, said to be
a Danish liquor. (Growte is a kind of fare much used by Danish
sailors, being boiled groats, _i.e._ hulled oats, or else shelled
barley, served up very thick, and butter added to it.--_Mr.
Lambe._) P.
Grype, ii. 57, _a griffin_.
Grysely groned, i. 49, _dreadfully groaned_.
Gude, ii. 70, 82, _good_.
Guerdon, iii. 18, _reward_.
Guid, i. 83, _good_.
Gule, iii. 7, _red_.
Gyb, ii. 22, _nickname of Gilbert_.
Gybe, ii. 257, _jibe_, _jest_, _joke_;
gybing, ii. 260.
Gyle, gyles, _guile_, _guiles_.
Gyn, ii. 9, _engine_, _contrivance_.
Gyrd, ii. 22, _girded_, _lashed_.
Gyrdyl, ii. 22, _girdle_.
Gyse, _guise_, _form_, _fashion_.
Ha, i. 196, _has_;
hae, ii. 71, _have_;
haes, iii. 235, _has_.
Ha', i. 84, iii. 94, _hall_;
ha's, ii. 109, _halls_.
Habbe ase he brew, ii. 8, _have as he brews_.
Habergeon, _a lesser coat of mail_.
Hable, i. 121, _able_.
Hach-borde, ii. 193, _probably that part of the bulwark of
the ship which is removed to form the gangway or entrance on
board,--in fact, the "hatch"--(or half-door) "board."_
Haif, ii. 82, _have_.
Haggis, ii. 132, _a sheep's stomach stuffed with a pudding made
of mince-meat, &c_.
Hail, ii. 83, _healthful_.
Hair, ii. 81, 86, _hoar or grey_.
Halch, iii. 325, _salute_.
Halched, i. 280, _saluted_, _embraced_, _fell on his neck_.
Halesome, ii. 142, _wholesome healthy_.
Halse, iii. 75, _the neck_, _throat_.
Halt, ii. 16, _holdeth_.
Ham, ii. 21, _them_.
Hame, i. 143, _home_;
hameward, ii. 84, _homeward_.
Han, ii. 13, _have_.
Handbow, _the long-bow or common bow, as distinguished from the
cross-bow_.
Hap, i. 255;
happ, iii. 138;
happe, i. 283, _fortune_;
hap, i. 287, _chance_, _happen_, i. 303.
Hard, ii. 312, _heard_.
Hare ... swerdes, ii. 8, _their ... swords_.
Harflue, ii. 30, _Harfleur_.
Harlocke, i. 307, _perhaps charlock, or wild rape, which bears a
yellow flower, and grows among corn, &c_.
Harneis, i. 273, _armour_.
Harnisine, ii. 112, _harness_, _armour_.
Harrowe, i. 280, _harass_.
Harowed, i. 164, _harassed_, _disturbed_.
Hart, iii. 128, _heart_;
hartes, i. 50;
harts, i. 138;
hartis, i. 147.
Hartely, ii. 38, _earnestly_.
Hartly lust, i. 124, _hearty desire_.
Harwos, ii. 27, _harrows_.
Haryed, i. 41, 22, _pillaged_.
Hastarddis, i. 120, _perhaps hasty, rash fellows, or upstarts_.
Hatcht, ii. 77, _seized_.
Hauld, i. 143, _hold_.
Hauss bone, iii. 75, _the neck bone (halse bone), a phrase for the neck_.
Have owre, i. 102, _half over_.
Haves, ii. 20, _effects_, _substance_, _riches_.
Haveth, ii. 8, _has_.
Haviour, i. 304, _behaviour_.
Hawberke, i. 66, _a coat of mail, consisting of iron rings, &c._
Hawkin, ii. 19, _diminutive of Harry, from Halkin_.
Haylle, i. 43, _hale_, _strong_.
He, i. 171, _hie_, _hasten_.
He, i. 24, _high_.
Heal, i. 29, _hail_.
Hear, i. 103, _here_.
Heare, ii. 77;
heares, _hair_, _hairs_.
Heathynesse, iii. 40, _heathendom._
Heawying, i. 31, _hewing_, _hacking._
Hech, ii. 27, _hatch_, _half door of a cottage_ (sometimes spelt heck).
"Dogs leap the hatch," _King Lear_, act. iii. sc. 6.
"'He'll have to ride the _hatch_' is a familiar phrase about
Looe, and signifies 'He'll be brought to trial.' It is
generally used jocosely in the case of any loud professor of
religion who has been 'overtaken in a fault;' and the idea is
that his trial will be the ordeal of attempting to ride or sit
on the top or narrow edge of a hatch or half-door, when if he
maintain his seat he will be pronounced innocent, if he fall
he is guilty. If he fall inwards (_i.e._ within the room or
building), he will be pardoned, but if he fall outwards, he
will be excommunicated." W. Pengelly (_Devonshire Association
Report_, vol. vii. p. 488).
Hecht to lay thee law, _promised (engaged) to lay the law_.
Hed, hede, _head_;
hedys, ii. 25, _heads_.
Hede, ii. 12, _had_.
Hede, _hied_.
Hee, i. 42, _high_.
Heele, i. 291, _he will_.
Hees, ii. 70, _he is_.
Heght, ii. 117, _promised_.
Heiding hill, ii. 231, the _heading (or beheading) hill_. The
place of execution was anciently an artificial hillock.
Heigh, iii. 94, _high_.
Heil, ii. 81, _health_.
Heir, ii. 83, _here_;
also _hear_;
herid, iii. 96, _heard_.
Hele, ii. 42, _health_.
Helen, ii. 15, _heal_.
Helpeth, ii. 12, _help ye_.
Hem, ii. 13, _them_.
Hend, i. 72, i. 74, 80, _kind_, _gentle_, _courteous_.
Henne, ii. 8, _hence_.
Hent, ii. 26, _laid hold of_.
Hepps and hawes, ii. 284, _hips and haws_.
Herault, ii. 59, _herald_.
Her, ii. 393, _hear_.
Her, ii. 35, _their_.
Here, ii. 42, _hair_.
Herkneth, ii. 7, _hearken ye_.
Herry, ii. 19, _Harry_.
Hert, i. 59, _heart_.
Hes, ii. 80, _has_.
Hest, _hast_.
Hest, i. 67, _command_, _injunction_.
Het, ii. 346, _heated_.
Hete, ii. 41, _heat_.
Hether, _hither_.
Hether, _heather_, _heath_.
Hett, iii. 6, _bid_, _call_, _command_.
Heuch, ii. 86, _rock or steep hill_.
Hevede, ii. 9, _had_, _hadst_;
hevedest, ii. 12.
Hevenriche, ii. 12, _heavenly_.
Hewberke, i. 72, _coat of mail_.
Hewkes, iii. 26, _party-coloured coats of the heralds_.
Hewyns in to, _hewn in two_.
Hey-day guise, iii. 204, _rustic dances_, _a corruption of "heydegies."_
Heynd, ii. 82, _gentle_, _obliging_.
Heyye, ii. 13, _high_.
Hi, hie, _he_.
Hicht, a-hicht, _on height_.
Hie, i. 32, _high_;
hier, ii. 169, _higher_;
_hire_, iii. 324.
Hight, i. 29, 270, 286, _promise_, _promised_, _engaged_, also
_named_, _called_.
Hilt, ii. 98, _taken off_, _flayed_.
Hinch boys, _pages of honour_.
Hind, ii. 70, _behind_.
Hinde, i. 32, _gentle_.
Hings, iii. 97, _hangs_.
Hinnible, iii. 304, _horse_, or _pony_.
Hinny, ii. 84, _honey_.
Hip, iii. 99, _the berry which contains the stones or seeds of
the dog-rose_.
Hir, i. 143;
hire, iii. 207, _her_;
hir lain, iii. 95, _herself alone_.
Hird, ii. 81, _herd_.
Hirsel, i. 143, _herself_.
Hit, ii. 13, _it_;
hit be write, ii. 12, _it be written_.
Hode, i. 164, _hood_, _cap_.
Holden, ii. 14, _hold_.
Hole, i. 124, 126, iii. 280, _whole_.
Hollen, iii. 325, _holly_.
Holp, i. 120, _help_;
holpe, iii. 32, _helped_.
Holt, ii. 140, _wood_.
Holtes, i. 42, _woods_, _groves_.
In Norfolk a plantation of cherry-trees is called a "cherry holt." P.
Holtis hair, ii. 81, 86, _hoary or grey woods or heaths_.
"Holtes seems evidently to signify hills in the following passage
from Turberville's "Songs and Sonnets," 12mo. 1567, fol. 56:--
"Yee that frequent the hilles,
And highest Holtes of all;
Assist me with your skilfull quilles,
And listen when I call."
"As also in this other verse of an ancient poet:--
"Underneath the Holtes so hoar." P.
Holy, _wholly_.
Holy-rode, ii. 22, _holy cross_;
holye rood, ii. 56.
Honde, _hand_;
honden wrynge, ii. 11, _hands wring_.
Hondert, i. 50, _hundred_.
Hondrith, i. 24, 25, 30, 32, 34, _hundred_.
Hong, ii. 77;
honge, i. 161, _hang_;
_hung_, i. 308.
Hooly, iii. 134, _slowly_, _gently_.
Hophalt, _limping, hopping, and halting_.
Hore, iii. 327, _whore_.
Hount, i. 26, _hunt_.
Houzle, ii. 60, _give the sacrament_.
Hoved, i. 129, _heaved_;
_hovered_, i. 43.
Howers, ii. 234, _hours_.
Huche, ii. 81, _wood, or a shed_.
Hud, ii. 23, _proper name_.
Hue, ii. 12, _she_.
A.-S. heo; refers to huerte, which is feminine. It is an
interesting example of the continuance of a grammatical gender
in English.
Huerte trewe, ii. 11, _true heart_.
Huggle, iii. 72, _hug_, _clasp_.
Hull, i. 307, _hill_.
Hur, ii. 20;
hurr, ii. 24, _her_.
Hye, i. 136, _high_, _highest_;
hyest, ii. 59;
hyer, iii. 63, _hire_.
Hyght, i. 44, _promised or engaged_.
Hyght, _high_;
on hyght, i. 41, 47, _aloud_.
Hyllys, i. 32, _hills_.
Hynd out o'er, ii. 115, _over the country_.
Hyp-halte, ii. 27, _lame in the hip_.
Hyrdyllys, ii. 27, _hurdles_.
Hys, ii. 20, _his_.
Hyssylton, ii. 19, _Islington_.
Hyt, hytt, ii. 49, _it_.
Hyyt, ii. 20, _promised_.
I-clipped, i. 129, _called_.
I-feth, i. 29, _in faith_.
I-lore, ii. 13, _lost_.
I-strike, ii. 16, _stricken_, _struck_.
I-trowe, _verily_.
I-tuned, _tuned_.
I-ween, _verily_.
I-wis, i. 276, _verily_;
I-wys, i. 68, 70.
I-wot, _verily_.
Ich, ii. 286, _I_;
ich biqueth, ii. 12, _I bequeath_.
Ich, ii. 22;
icha, ii. 25, _each_.
Ide, iii. 72, _I would_.
Ild, ii. 69, _I'd_, _I would_.
Ile, i. 196, _I'll_, _I will_.
Illfardly, ii. 70, _ill-favouredly_, _uglily_.
Ilk, _same_;
this ilk, _this same_.
Ilk on, ii. 21, _each one_;
ilka, ilke, _every_;
ilka ane, iii. 122, _every one_.
Im, i. 103, _him_.
Ime, i. 198, ii. 57, _I am_.
Incontinent, iii. 187, _forthwith_.
In fere, ii. 36, _together_, _in company_.
Ingle, ii. 68, _fire_.
Inogh, ii. 26, _enough_;
inoughe, ii. 147, _enough_.
Into, iii. 238, _in_.
Intres, i. 129, _entrance_, _admittance_.
Irke, ii. 148, _angry_.
Is, i. 149, ii. 8, _his_.
Ise, ii. 211, iii. 236, _I shall_.
I'st, i. 289, 292, _I'll_.
It's neir, _it shall never_.
Iye, i. 432, _eye_.
Janglers, ii. 85, _talkative persons_, _wranglers_, _tell-tales_.
Jear, ii. 118, _derision_.
Jetted, iii. 186, _strutted, or went proudly_.
Jille, iii. 77, _used here as a man's name_.
Jimp, i. 145, _slender_.
Jo, i. 320, ii. 132, _sweetheart_, _friend_, contraction of _joy_.
Jogelers, i. 441, _jugglers_.
Jow, iii. 134, _single stroke in tolling_.
Juncates, iii. 202, _junket_, _curds and clouted cream_.
Jupe, ii. 116, _an upper garment_.
Kall, i. 125, _call_.
Kame, iii. 147, _comb_;
kameing, iii. 97, _combing_.
Kan, i. 123, 430, _can_.
Kantle, iii. 26, _piece_, _corner_.
Karlis of kynde, i. 120, _churls by nature_.
Kauk, ii. 71, _chalk_.
Kauld, i. 103, _called_.
Keel, ii. 71, _ruddle_.
Keepe, i. 309, ii. 256, _care_, _heed_.
So in the old play of "Hick Scorner," "I keepe not to clymbe so
hye;" _i.e._ I study not, care not, &c.
Keip, ii. 82, _keep_;
ii. 84, _watch_.
Keipand, ii. 82, _keeping_.
Kell, iii. 101, _net for a woman's hair_.
Kembe, iii. 100, 186, _to comb_;
kembing, iii. 102, _combing_;
kemb'd, iii. 302, _combed_.
Kempe, i. 90, 94, ii. 183, _soldier_, _warrior_.
Kemperye man, i. 94, _soldier_, _fighting man_.
"_Germanis_ Camp, _Exercitum, aut Locum ubi Exercitus_
_castrametatur, significat: inde ipsis Vir Castrensis et
Militaris_ kemffer, _et_ kempher, _et_ kemper, _et_ kimber, _et_
kamper, _pro varietate dialectorum, vocatur: Vocabulum hoc
nostro sermone nondum penitus exolevit; Nor folcienses enim
plebeio et proletario sermone dicunt_. 'He is a kemper old man,
_i.e. Senex Vegetus est:' Hinc_ Cimbris _suum nomen_: 'kimber
_enim Homo bellicosus, pugil, robustus miles, &c. significat_.'
Sheringham de Anglor. gentis. orig. pag. 57. _Rectius autem
Lazius_ [apud eundem, p. 49]. 'Cimbros _a bello quod_ kamff, _et
Saxonice_ kamp _nuncupatos crediderim: unde bellatores viri_
Die Kempffer, Die Kemper.'" P.
Kems, i. 102, _combs_.
Ken, ii. 69, _know_;
kens, iii. 122, _knows_;
kenst, i. 196, _knowest_.
Kend, ii. 70, _knew_;
_known_, iii. 99;
kenn'd, ii. 365.
Kene, ii. 15, _keen_.
Kepand, ii. 81, _keeping_.
Kepers, i. 181. "Those that watch by the corpse shall tye up my
winding-sheet." P.
Kester, i. 276, _nickname for Christopher_.
Kever chefes, _kerchiefs_ or _head covers_.
(See vol. 3, p. 356.)
Kexis, ii. 27, _elder sticks used for candles_.
Kilted, iii. 132, _tucked up_.
Kind, _nature_. To carp is our kind, _it is natural for us to talk of_;
of hir kind, ii. 154, _of her family_.
Kirk, iii. 75;
kirke, i. 137, _church_;
kirk wa', iii. 238, _church wall, or churchyard wall_;
kirkyard, i. 243, iii. 132, _churchyard_.
Kirns to kirn, ii. 70, _churns to churn_.
Kirtle, i. 222, _a petticoat_, _a woman's gown_.
Kist, ii. 69, _chest_.
Kit, i. 123, _cut_.
Knave, _servant_.
Knaw, ii. 82, _know_.
Knellan, iii. 134, _knelling_, _ringing the knell_.
Knicht, iii. 237, _knight_.
Knight's fe, _such a portion of land as required the possessor to
serve with man and horse_.
Knowles, _knolls_, _little hills_.
Knyled, i. 32, _knelt_.
Kowarde, i. 46, _coward_.
Kowe, ii. 21, _cow_.
Kuntrey, i. 124, _country_.
Kurteis, i. 125, _courteous_.
Kyd, ii. 21, _shown_.
Kye, ii. 134, _kine_, _cows_.
Kyrtel, ii. 42;
kyrtell, i. 65, _petticoat_, _gown_, _a man's under garment_.
"Bale, in his 'Actes of Eng. Votaries' (part ii. fol. 53), uses
the word Kyrtle to signify a monk's frock. He says, Roger, Earl of
Shrewsbury, when he was dying, sent 'to Clunyake, in France, for
the kyrtle of holy Hugh the abbot there,' &c." P.
Kythe, i. 427, _make appear_, _show_, _declare_.
Kythed, _appeared_.
Laigh, ii. 117, _low_.
Laith, i. 101, ii. 70, _loth_.
Laithly, _loathsome_, _hideous_.
Laitl, i. 103, _little_.
Lamb's wool, iii. 183, _a liquor composed of ale and roasted apples_.
Lane, lain, _lone_;
her lane, ii. 69;
hir lain, iii. 95, _alone by herself_.
Lang, i. 101, ii. 20, _long_.
Lang'd, ii. 107, _longed_.
Langsome, i. 321, _long_, _tedious_.
Lap, iii. 93, 95, _leaped_.
Largesse, iii. 26, _gift_, _liberality_.
Lasse, ii. 13, _less_.
Late, ii. 47, _let_.
Latte, ii. 12, _hinder_.
Lauch, i. 101, _laugh_;
lauched, i. 101, _laughed_.
Launde, i. 170, _clear space in a forest_.
Lawlands, ii. 227, _lowlands_.
Lay, i. 79, _law_.
Layde, i. 291, _lady_.
Layden, i. 66, _laid_.
Layland, i. 66, 67, 79, _green sward_.
Laylands, i. 73, _lands in general_.
Layne, lain, _laid_.
Layne, i. 45, 46, _deceive_, _break one's word_.
Lazar, ii. 55, _leper_.
Leal, ii. 69, _loyal_, _honest_, _true_.
Leane, _conceal_, _hide_.
Lear'd, i. 307, _pastured_.
Lease, _lying_, _falsehood_;
withouten lease, i. 170, _verily_, _without lying_.
Lease, iii. 102, _leash_, _thong_, _cord_.
Leasynge, _lying_, _falsehood_.
Leaute, ii. 7, _loyalty_.
Lee, ii. 68, _lea_, _field_, _pasture_.
Lee, iii. 96, _lie_.
Leeche, i. 63, 75, 77, _physician_.
Leechinge, i. 63;
leedginge, i. 77, _doctoring_, _medicinal care_.
Leek, _phrase of contempt_.
Leel, ii. 112, _true_.
Leer, _look_.
Leeve London, i. 273, iii. 101, _dear London_.
Leever, i. 160, _sooner_.
Leeveth, i. 88, _believeth_.
Lefe, i. 173, _dear_.
Lefe, _leave_;
leves, _leaves_.
Leffe, leefe, _dear_.
Leid, iii. 96, _lyed_.
Leil, ii. 85, _loyal_, _true_.
Leir, ii. 82, _learn_;
lere, i. 306, _learning_.
Leive, i. 84, iii. 236, _leave_.
Leman, i. 186, 327;
leiman, i. 301;
lemman, iii. 97, _lover_, _mistress_.
Lemster wooll, i. 307, _Leominster wool_.
Lene, ii. 13, _give_.
Lenger, i. 64, ii. 20, _longer_.
Lengeth in, _resideth in_.
Lere, i. 72, _face_, _countenance_, _complexion_.
Lese, ii. 26, _lose_.
Lesynge, i. 174;
leasing, _lying_, _falsehood_.
Let, i. 24, _hinder_;
lett, ii. 85, _hindrance_.
Lett, i. 93, _left or let be opened_.
Lettest, i. 74, _hinderest_, _detainest_.
Letteth, i. 168, _hindereth_.
Lettyng, i. 172, _hindrance_, _without delay_.
Leugh, ii. 118;
leuche, ii. 81, _laughed_.
Leve, ii. 38, _remain_.
Lever, i. 46, 71, 75, 173, _rather_;
lever than, ii. 39, _rather then_.
Leves and bowes, ii. 42, _leaves and boughs_.
Lewd, i. 308;
leud, ii. 134, _ignorant_, _scandalous_.
Ley, iii. 123, _lay_.
Leyke, ii. 135, _play_.
Leyre, lere, _learning_, _lore_.
Libbard, _leopard_;
libbard's bane, iii. 198, _the herb wolfbane_.
Lichtly, iii. 147, _lightly_, _easily_.
Lig, i. 144, iii. 70, _lie_;
ligge, ii. 11;
liggd, ii. 83, _lay_.
Lightfoote, iii. 182, _venison_.
Lightile, i. 161, _quickly_.
Lightsome, i. 65, _cheerful_, _sprightly_.
Limber, ii. 260, _supple_, _flexible_.
Limitoures, iii. 208, _friars licensed to beg within certain limits_.
Limitatioun, iii. 208, _a certain precinct allowed to a limitour_.
Lingell, i. 308, _a thread of hemp rubbed with resin, &c., used
by rustics for mending their shoes_.
Lire, _flesh_, _complexion_.
List, i. 256;
lith, ii. 11, _lieth_.
Lith, i. 156;
lithe, i. 268;
lythe, _attend_, _hearken_, _listen_.
Lither, i. 94, iii. 47, _idle_, _lazy_, _naughty_, _worthless_, _wicked_.
Live-lang, iii. 132, _live-long_.
Liver, i. 282, _deliver_.
Liverance, i. 282, 289, _deliverance_ (_money or a pledge for
delivering you up_).
Livor, i. 289, _deliver_.
Load;
lay on load, i. 74, _give blows_.
Lodly, ii. 63;
lodlye, ii. 56, _loathsome_.
Loe, ii. 70, iii. 99, _love_;
lo'ed, iii. 98, _loved_.
Logeyng, i. 43, _lodging_.
Loht, ii. 9;
be the luef, be the loht, _whether you like it or loathe it_.
Loke, i. 308, _lock of wool_.
Lokyd, ii. 73;
lokyde, i. 25, _looked_.
Lome, ii. 63, _man_, _object_.
Lond, iii. 207, _land_.
Longes, i. 218, _belongs_;
longeth, ii. 43, _belongeth_.
Longs, i. 30, _lungs_.
Looket, i. 149, _looked_.
Loone, ii. 145, _idle fellow_.
Looset, i. 115, _loosed_.
Lope, i. 65, 80, ii. 217, _leapt_.
Lore, ii. 9, 13, _teaching_, _lesson_, _doctrine_, _learning_.
Lore, _lost_.
Lorrel, i. 441, _a sorry, worthless person_.
Losel, ii. 134, 145, _the same as Lorrel_.
Lothly, ii. 142, _loathsome_.
"The adverbial terminations _-some_ and _-ly_ were applied
indifferently by our old writers: thus, as we have _lothly_ for
_loathsome_ above, so we have _ugsome_ in a sense not very remote
from _ugly_ in Lord Surrey's version of Æn. 2nd, viz.--
"'In every place the ugsome sightes I saw' (p. 29)." P.
Loud and still, ii. 82, _openly and secretly_.
Lough, i. 95, _laugh_;
lought, ii. 282, _laughed_.
Loun, i. 322, _loon_, _rascal_.
Lounge, iii. 357, _lung_.
Lourd, iii. 100, _rather (?)_
Lout, ii. 117;
loute, ii. 26, _stoop_.
Louted, i. 72;
lowtede, _bowed_, _did obeisance_.
Lowe, i. 114, _a little hill_.
Lowne, i. 198, _rascal_.
Lowns, ii. 113, _blazes_.
Lowttede, i. 120, _crouched_.
Lude, ii. 82, _loved_.
Lued, i. 323, _loved_.
Luef, ii. 9, _love_.
Lues, iii. 75, _loves_, _love_.
Lugh, ii. 26, _laughed_.
Luik, i. 146, _look_;
luiks, i. 146, _looks_;
luikt, ii. 229, _looked_.
Luivt, ii. 82, _loved_.
Lung, ii. 28, _long_.
Lurden, i. 163;
lurdeyne, _sluggard_, _drone_.
Lust, ii. 42, _desire_.
Luve, i. 320, _love_;
luver, ii. 212, _lover_.
Luvely, i. 143, _lovely_.
Lyan, iii. 134, _lying_.
Lyard, ii. 9, _grey;
a name given to a horse from its grey colour, as Bayard from bay_.
Lyff, ii. 49, _life_.
Lyk, i. 28;
lyke, ii. 38, _like_.
Lynde, i. 168;
lyne, i. 112, _the lime-tree_.
Lys, ii. 12, _lies_.
Lystenyth, iii. 371, _listen_.
Lyth, i. 306, _easy_, _gentle_, _pliant_, _flexible_, _lithesome_.
Lyvar, i. 30, _liver_
Lyven na more, _live no more_, _no longer_.
Lyyt, ii. 27, _light_;
lyytly, ii. 26, _lightly_.
Mad, ii. 24, _made_.
Mahound, i. 88, _Mahomet_.
Maining, ii. 211, _moaning_.
Mair, ii. 84, _more_, _most_.
Maist, i. 42, _mayest_.
Mait, iii. 99, _might_, _may_.
Majeste, maist, mayeste, _may'st_.
Makes, i. 50, ii. 78, _mates_.
Making, _versifying_.
Makys, i. 33, _mates_.
"As the words make and mate were, in some cases, used promiscuously
by ancient writers, so the words cake and cate seem to have been
applied with the same indifferency; this will illustrate that
common English proverb, 'to turn cat (_i.e._ cate) in pan.' A
pancake is in Northamptonshire still called a pancate." P.
Male, i. 28, _coat of mail_;
shirt of male, ii. 233.
Manchet, iii. 206, _best kind of white bread_.
Mane, i. 26, _man_.
Mangonel, ii. 8, _a military engine used for discharging great
stones, arrows, &c., before the invention of gunpowder_.
March perti, i. 33;
march partes, i. 34, _in the parts lying upon
the marches_.
March-pine, i. 306;
marchpane, _a kind of biscuit_.
Mare ii. 25, _more_.
Margarite, ii. 328, _a pearl_.
Mark, _a coin, in value 13s. 4d._
Marke hym to the Trenité, _commit himself to God_.
Marrow, ii. 109, 363, _match, or equal companion_.
Mart, ii. 82, _marred_, _hurt_, _damaged_.
Marvelit, iii. 238, _marvelled_.
Mast, maste, _may'st_.
Masterye, i. 110;
maystery, i. 176, _a trial of skill_.
Maugre, ii. 8;
mauger, i. 23, _in spite of_.