fruit. Spadix globular, short-stalked, entirely and densely covered
with perfect flowers, their 1-celled or abortively 2-celled ovaries
immersed in the fleshy receptacle. Sepals 4, hooded. Stamens 4, opposite
the sepals, with at length rather slender filaments; anthers extrorse,
2-celled, opening lengthwise. Style 4-angled and awl-shaped; stigma
small. Ovule solitary, suspended, anatropous. Fruit a globular or oval
mass, composed of the enlarged and spongy spadix, enclosing the
spherical seeds just beneath the surface, which is roughened with the
persistent fleshy sepals and pyramidal styles. Seeds filled by the large
globular and fleshy corm-like embryo, which bears one or several
plumules at the end next the base of the ovary; albumen none.--Perennial
herb, with a strong odor like that of the skunk, and also somewhat
alliaceous; a very thick rootstock, bearing a multitude of long and
coarse fibrous roots, and a cluster of very large and broad entire veiny
leaves, preceded in earliest spring by the nearly sessile spathes, which
barely rise out of the ground. (Name from [Greek: symploke/],
_connection_, and [Greek: karpo/s], _fruit_, in allusion to the
coalescence of the ovaries into a compound fruit.)
1. S. foetidus, Salisb. Leaves ovate, cordate, becoming 1--2 deg. long,
short-petioled; spathe spotted and striped with purple and
yellowish-green, ovate, incurved; fruit (in autumn) 2--3' in diam., in
decay shedding the bulblet-like seeds, which are 4--6'' long.--Bogs and
moist grounds, N. Scotia to N. C., west to Minn. and Iowa.
5. ORONTIUM, L., GOLDEN-CLUB.
Spathe incomplete and distant, merely a leaf-sheath investing the lower
part of the slender scape, and bearing a small and imperfect bract-like
blade. Flowers crowded all over the narrow spadix, perfect; the lower
with 6 concave sepals and 6 stamens; the upper ones with 4. Filaments
flattened; anthers 2-celled, opening obliquely lengthwise. Ovary
1-celled, with an anatropous ovule; stigma sessile, entire. Fruit a
green utricle. Seed without albumen. Embryo thick and fleshy, "with a
large concealed cavity at the summit, the plumule curved in a groove on
the outside." (_Torr._)--An aquatic perennial, with a deep rootstock,
long-petioled and entire oblong and nerved floating leaves, and the
spadix terminating the elongated scape; its rather club-shaped emersed
apex as thick as the spadix. (Origin of the name obscure.)
1. O. aquaticum, L.--Ponds, Mass. to Fla. May.
6. ACORUS, L. SWEET FLAG. CALAMUS.
Spadix cylindrical, lateral, sessile, emerging from the side of a simple
2-edged scape which resembles the leaves, densely covered with perfect
flowers. Sepals 6, concave. Stamens 6; filaments linear; anthers
kidney-shaped, 1-celled, opening across. Ovary 2--3-celled, with several
pendulous orthotropous ovules in each cell; stigma minute. Fruit at
length dry, gelatinous inside, 1--few-seeded. Embryo in the axis of
albumen.--Pungent aromatic plants, especially the thick creeping
rootstocks (_calamus_ of the shops), which send up 2-edged sword-like
leaves, and scapes somewhat like them, bearing the spadix on one edge;
the upper and more foliaceous prolongation sometimes considered as a
kind of open spathe. ([Greek: A)/koras], the ancient name, of no known
meaning.)
1. A. Calamus, L. Scape leaf-like and prolonged far beyond the
(yellowish-green) spadix.--Margins of rivulets, swamps, etc., N. Scotia
to Fla., west to Minn., Iowa, and E. Kan.
ORDER 124. LEMNACEAE. (DUCKWEED FAMILY.)
_Minute stemless plants, floating free on the water, destitute of
distinct stem and foliage, being merely a frond, producing one or few
monoecious flowers from the edge or upper surface, and commonly hanging
roots from underneath; ovules rising from the base of the cell. Fruit a
1--7-seeded utricle. Seed large; the apex or radicular extremity of the
seed-coat separable as an operculum or lid_ (as in Cabomba, etc.).
_Embryo straight, surrounded by fleshy or sometimes very scanty
albumen._--The simplest, and some of them the smallest of flowering
plants, propagating by the proliferous growth of a new individual from a
cleft in the edge or base of the parent frond, remaining connected for
some time or separating, also by autumnal fronds in the form of minute
bulblets, which sink to the bottom of the water, but rise and vegetate
in spring; the flowers (in summer) and fruit scarce, in some species
hardly ever seen. Frond more or less cavernous; the upper surface
furnished with stomata.--These plants may be regarded as very simplified
Araceae.
1. Spirodela. Frond 7--11-nerved, with several rootlets.
2. Lemna. Frond 1--5-nerved, with a single rootlet.
3. Wolffia. Frond thick, very minute (1/4--{2/3}' broad), without
rootlets.
1. SPIRODELA, Schleiden.
Anther-cells bilocellate by a vertical partition and longitudinally
dehiscent. Ovules 2. Frond 7--11-nerved or more; rootlets several, with
axile vascular tissue. Otherwise as Lemna. (From [Greek: spei~ra], _a
cord_, and [Greek: de~los], _evident_.)
1. S. polyrrhiza, Schleid. Fronds round-obovate (2--4'' long), thick,
purple and rather convex beneath, dark green above, palmately (mostly
7-) nerved. (Lemna polyrrhiza, _L._)--Very common in ponds and pools,
throughout N. Am., but very rarely found in flower or fruit. (Eu.)
2. LEMNA, L. DUCKWEED. DUCK'S-MEAT.
Flowers produced from a cleft in the margin of the frond, usually three
together surrounded by a spathe; two of them staminate, consisting of a
stamen only; the other pistillate, of a simple pistil; the whole
therefore imitating a single diandrous flower. _Ster. Fl._ Filament
slender; anther 2-celled, didymous; the cells dehiscent transversely;
pollen-grains large, spherical, muricate. _Fert. Fl._ Ovary 1-celled;
style and truncate or funnel-shaped stigma simple. Ovules and seeds
1--7.--Fronds 1--5-nerved, producing a single rootlet beneath (which is
destitute of vascular tissue), proliferous from a cleft in the margin
toward the base, and at length stipitate; the tissue abounding with
bundles of rhaphides. (An old Greek name of uncertain meaning.)
[*] _Ovule solitary, orthotropous or nearly so; frond 1--3-nerved,
thin._
[+] _Fronds oblong, stalked at base, remaining connected._
1. L. trisulca, L. Fronds oblong to oblong-lanceolate (6--9'' long),
attenuate at base into a slender stalk, denticulate at the tip, very
obscurely 3-nerved, often without rootlets, usually several series of
offshoots remaining connected; spathe sac-like; seeds ovate,
amphitropous, with small round operculum.--Ponds and springy places,
N. Scotia to N. J., west to the Pacific. (Eu.)
[+][+] _Fronds oblong to elliptical or round-ovate, sessile, soon
separating._
2. L. Valdiviana, Philippi. _Fronds elliptic-oblong_, small (about 1''
long), rather thick, usually somewhat falcate, _obscurely 1-nerved;
spathe broad-reniform_; utricle long-ovate, pointed by the long style;
_seed orthotropous_, oblong, _with a prominent acute operculum_. (L.
Torreyi, _Austin._)--Pools, N. J. and southward, westward across the
continent. (S. Am.)
3. L. perpusilla, Torr. _Fronds obovate or roundish-obovate_, oblique
(1--11/2'' long), _obscurely 3-nerved_; utricle ovate; style rather long;
_seed orthotropous_, ovate or oval, obtuse, _with scarcely apiculate
operculum_.--N. Y. and N. J., west to Mich. and Wisc.--Var. TRINERVIS,
Austin, has larger, distinctly 3-nerved fronds, and an unequally cordate
seed.
4. L. minor, L. _Fronds round- to elliptic-obovate_ (1--21/2'' in
diameter), rather thick, _very obscurely 3-nerved; spathe sac-like_;
utricle short-urn-shaped, tipped with a short style; seed
oblong-obovate, _amphitropous, with prominent rounded
operculum_.--Stagnant waters, throughout N. Am. (Eu.)
[*][*] _Ovules 2--7, anatropous; fronds very thick and spongy, flat
above, very obscurely 5-nerved (11/2--3'' long)._
5. L. gibba, L. Fronds obovate-elliptic to nearly orbicular, almost
hemispherical, soon separating; bract sac-like.--Mo. (?) to Ariz. and
Calif.
3. WOLFFIA, Horkel.
Flowers central, bursting through the upper surface of the globular (or
in some foreign ones flat) and loosely cellular frond, only 2; one
consisting of a single stamen with a 1-celled 2-valved anther; the other
of a globular ovary, tipped with a very short style and a depressed
stigma. Ovule orthotropous, rather oblique in the cell. Utricle
spherical. Albumen thin.--Fronds rootless, proliferous from a cleft or
funnel-shaped opening at the base, the offspring soon detached; no
rhaphides.--The simplest and smallest of flowering plants, from
1/4--{2/3}'' long (an African and Cuban species much larger), floating as
little grains on the water. (Named for _John Fred. Wolff_, who wrote on
Lemna in 1801.)
1. W. Columbiana, Karsten. Globose or globular, {1/3}--{2/3}'' long,
very loosely cellular, light green all over, not dotted; stomata 1--6;
the opening at the base circular and with a thin border.--Floating
rather beneath the surface of stagnant waters, Conn. to N. J., west to
Minn. and La.
2. W. Brasiliensis, Weddell. Oblong, smaller and more densely cellular,
flattish and deep green with many stomata above, tumid and pale below,
brown-dotted all over, anterior edge sharp, opening at base
circular.--Growing with the last, but floating on the surface.
ORDER 125. ALISMACEAE. (WATER-PLANTAIN FAMILY.)
_Marsh herbs, with scape-like stems, sheathing leaves, and perfect or
monoecious or dioecious flowers; perianth of 3 herbaceous persistent
sepals and as many (often conspicuous) white deciduous petals, which are
imbricate or involute in bud; stamens 6 or more, included; ovaries
numerous, distinct, 1-celled and mostly 1-ovuled, becoming achenes in
fruit_ (in our genera); _seeds erect; campylotropous._--Roots fibrous;
leaves radical, petiolate and strongly nerved with transverse veinlets,
the earlier sometimes without blade; flowers long-pedicellate, mostly
verticillate, in a loose raceme or panicle, with lanceolate scarious
bracts slightly connate at base.
1. Alisma. Flowers perfect, usually 6-androus. Carpels flattened, in one
whorl.
2. Sagittaria. Flowers mostly unisexual. Stamens rarely few. Carpels
flattened, in dense heads, winged.
3. Echinodorus. Flowers perfect. Stamens 6 or more. Carpels capitate,
turgid and ribbed, often beaked.
1. ALISMA, L. WATER-PLANTAIN.
Flowers perfect. Petals involute in the bud. Stamens definite, mostly 6.
Ovaries many in a simple circle on a flattened receptacle, forming
flattened coriaceous achenes, which are dilated and 2--3-keeled on the
back.--Roots fibrous. Leaves all from the root, several-ribbed, with
connected veinlets. Scape with whorled panicled branches. Flowers
small, white or pale rose-color. (The Greek name; of uncertain
derivation.)
1. A. Plantago, L. Perennial by a stout proliferous corm; leaves
long-petioled, ovate, oblong, or lanceolate or even linear, acute,
mostly rounded or heart shaped at base, 3--9-nerved; panicle loose,
compound, many-flowered (1--2 deg. long); carpels obliquely obovate, forming
an obtusely triangular whorl in fruit.--Shallow water and ditches,
across the continent. Very variable as to foliage, but the leaves
usually more broadly cordate-ovate than in Old World forms (var.
Americanum, _R. & S._); when growing under water thinner and narrowly
lanceolate. (Eu., etc.)
2. SAGITTARIA, L. ARROW-HEAD.
Flowers monoecious, or often dioecious in n. 1 and 4, and polygamous in
n. 7. Petals imbricated in the bud. Stamens indefinite, rarely few.
Ovaries many, crowded in a spherical or somewhat triangular depressed
head on a globular receptacle, in fruit forming flat membranaceous
winged achenes.--Marsh or aquatic, mostly perennial, stoloniferous
herbs, with milky juice and fibrous roots; the scapes sheathed at base
by the bases of the long cellular petioles, of which the primary ones,
and sometimes all, are flattened, nerved, and destitute of any proper
blade (i.e. are phyllodia); when present the blade is arrow-shaped or
lanceolate, nerved and with cross-veinlets as in Alisma. Flowers
produced all summer, whorled in threes, with membranous bracts; the
sterile above. (Name from _sagitta_, an arrow, from the prevalent form
of the leaves.)
Sec. 1. SAGITTARIA proper. _Flowers monoecious, with the lower whorls
pistillate, or dioecious; stamens few or numerous, covering the
receptacle; sepals spreading or reflexed in fruit._
[*] _Filaments numerous, narrow, as long as or longer than the
linear-oblong anthers; bracts 3, distinct; fruiting heads larger._
1. S. variabilis, Engelm. Scape (1/4--4 deg. high) angled, with one or more of
the lower whorls fertile; leaves very various, almost always sagittate;
bracts mostly pointed; pedicels of the fertile flowers at least half the
length of the sterile ones; petals wholly white; filaments glabrous,
nearly twice the length of the anthers; achenes obovate (about 1''
long), winged on both margins, with a long curved or usually horizontal
beak 1/4--{1/3} its length. (S. sagittaefolia, _L._, var. variabilis, _M.
Micheli._)--In water or wet places, very common; exceedingly variable in
size and foliage, ordinarily with narrow halberd-shaped or sagittate
leaves,--sometimes dioecious, with large, broad and obtuse leaves (var.
OBTUSA), or monoecious, with large, broad and acute leaves (var.
LATIFOLIA), or the narrow leaves with long and linear diverging lobes
(var. ANGUSTIFOLIA), or with some leaves lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate,
others more or less sagittate (var. DIVERSIFOLIA), etc. Root propagating
by stolons tuberiferous at the extremity.--The European species has the
fertile pedicels only {1/3} or 1/4 the length of the sterile; claws of the
petals purple-tinged; filaments not longer than the anthers; and achenes
almost orbicular, very broadly winged and with a short straight beak.
Var. pubescens, Engelm. Upper part of petiole and scape and especially
the orbicular-ovate obtuse bracts and sepals pubescent or woolly; beak
of fruit horizontal.--N. J. and Penn. to Ga.
Var. (?) gracilis, Engelm. Lobes of the sagittate leaves very narrowly
linear (1/2--2'' wide); achene narrowly cuneate-obovate (2'' long), the
beak long, stout, and strongly recurved, the sides usually strongly
1--3-crested. (S. cristata, _Engelm._?)--Mass. to western N. Y.; Iowa.
2. S. lancifolia, L. Scape 2--5 deg. high, with several of the lower whorls
fertile; leaves lanceolate or lance-oblong, rarely linear, all with a
tapering base, thick or coriaceous (6--18' long and on a long and stout
petiole, never sagittate), the nerves mostly arising from the very thick
midrib; bracts ovate, acute or acuminate; pedicels slender, the fertile
scarcely shorter than the sterile ones; filaments pubescent; achenes
falcate, winged on the back, pointed with an incurved beak.--Swamps, Md.
to Ky., Mo., and southward. (W. Ind.)
[*][*] _Filaments very short, with enlarged mostly glandular base;
anthers ovate or short-oblong; fruiting heads small; bracts more or less
connate; leaves very rarely sagittate._
3. S. heterophylla, Pursh. Scape weak (3'--2 deg. high), at length
procumbent; leaves lanceolate or lance-oval, entire, or with one or two
narrow basal sagittate appendages; _bracts roundish, obtuse_; flowers of
the lowest whorl fertile and _almost sessile_; the sterile on long
pedicels; filaments glandular-pubescent; _achenes narrowly obovate with
a long erect beak_.--N. Eng to Fla., west to Minn. and Mo. Varies as to
foliage, the leaves being broad (var. ELLIPTICA, Engelm.), or rigid and
narrowly lanceolate with stout petioles (var. RIGIDA, Engelm.), or
nearly linear (var. ANGUSTIFOLIA, Engelm.)
4. S. graminea, Michx. Scape 3'--2 deg. high; _phyllodia flat_, mostly
_broadly linear, acuminate_; leaves ovate-lanceolate to linear, on long
slender petioles, sometimes reduced to the petiole merely; bracts rather
obtuse; whorls of flowers often few, all staminate or the lower fertile;
_pedicels_ slender, _spreading_, nearly equal; _filaments 15--20,
glandular-pubescent; achene small_ (1/2'' long), narrowly obovate, almost
beakless, _winged on the back, flat and scarcely costate on the
sides_.--N. Eng. to Minn., south to the Gulf; very variable.
5. S. teres, Watson. _Phyllodia terete, very acutely attenuate_ upward,
3--12' long, very rarely bearing a narrow blade; scape 1/2--11/2 deg. high;
bracts connate at base; _pedicels_ in 1--3 whorls, all very _slender and
spreading_, 1 or 2 fruiting, 1/2--1' long; filaments 12, dilated,
pubescent; _achene_ obovate, 1'' _long, with an erect beak_, the margins
and sides _crenately several-crested_.--In shallow water, S. New Eng. to
N. J. (Hyannis, Mass., _Deane_; Wading River, L. I., _Miller_; barrens
of N. J., _Torrey_.) Phyllodia usually very strongly nodose.
(Addendum)--Sagittaria teres has been collected also at Brewster, Mass.
(_Farlow_).
6. S. natans, Michx., var. lorata, Chapm. Usually dwarf; _leaves linear,
strap-shaped, obtuse or acutish_, 1--6' long, equalling or shorter than
the scape, very rarely with a narrow blade; pedicels in 1--3 whorls,
only 1 or 2 fruiting, _stouter and recurved_; bracts connate or
spathe-like; _filaments 6--8, glabrous; achene_ obovate, _short-beaked,
1'' long_, the margins and sides _crenately crested_. (S. pusilla,
_Pursh._)--In mud or shallow water, near the coast; N. Y. to Fla.
Var. (?) gracillima, Watson. Scape and the almost or wholly bladeless
leaves very slender and greatly elongated (2--4 deg. long, 1'' wide);
pedicels all elongated, in usually distant whorls, the lower pistillate,
slender and spreading; fruit unknown. (S. natans, _Engelm._ in Torr.
Bull. ix. 4.)--In deep water of streams in E. Mass. (_Hitchings, Boott,
C. E. Faxon_, etc.) Wholly submerged, only 1 or 2 flowers appearing at a
time, floating on the surface. The fruit, maturing under water, has not
yet been collected.
Sec. 2. LOPHIOCARPUS. _Fertile flowers perfect; stamens 9--15, at the base
of the receptacle; sepals erect and embracing the fruit._
7. S. calycina, Engelm. Scape weak (3--9' high), at length mostly
procumbent; usually only the lowest whorl fertile, with pedicels as long
as those of the sterile flowers, recurved in fruit; bracts orbicular,
obtuse or rarely pointed; filaments slightly rough, as long as the
anthers; achenes obovate with a short horizontal style; leaves broadly
halberd-shaped, obtuse or acutish, with wide spreading lobes, often
wider than long, or lanceolate or sometimes reduced to linear
phyllodia.--Maine to Del., west to Wisc., Mo., and Tex. Quite variable,
several forms being enumerated, as var. SPONGIOSA, with spongy texture
and bladeless submerged leaves, eastward; and westward, var. FLUITANS,
with lance-linear floating leaves.
3. ECHINODORUS, Richard.
Flowers perfect. Petals imbricated in the bud. Stamens 6--21 or more.
Ovaries several or many, imbricated in a head, forming thick and ribbed
achenes in fruit, often beaked with a projecting persistent
style.--Mostly annuals, with the habit of Sagittaria, the naked stems
sparingly branched or simple, and the flowers on rather short pedicels,
in whorls of 3--6 or more. Fl. summer and autumn. (Name from [Greek:
e)chino/des], _prickly_, or from [Greek: e)chi~nos], and [Greek: doro/s]
_a leathern bottle_, applied to the ovary, which is in most species
armed with the persistent style, so as to form a sort of prickly head of
fruit.)
1. E. parvulus, Engelm. Scapes 1--3' high; shoots often creeping and
proliferous; _leaves lanceolate or spatulate, acute_ (1/2--11/2' long,
including the petiole); umbel single, 2--8-flowered; pedicels reflexed
in fruit; flower 3'' broad; _stamens 9; styles much shorter than the
ovary; achenes beakless_, obtusely few-ribbed.--In mud, Mass. to Mich.
and E. Minn., south to Fla. and Tex. (S. Am.)
2. E. rostratus, Engelm. _Scape erect_, 3'--2 deg. high, longer than the
leaves; _leaves broadly ovate, cordate or truncate at base, obtuse_ (the
blade 1--3' long); umbel proliferous, in a branched panicle; flower 5''
broad; _stamens 12; styles longer than the ovary; achenes beaked_,
acutely many-ribbed.--Swamps and ditches, Ill. to Fla., Mo., and Tex.--A
low form (var. LANCEOLATUS, Engelm.) has the leaves lanceolate with an
acute base. Ill., Mo.
3. E. radicans, Engelm. _Stems or scape prostrate, creeping_ (2--4 deg.
long), proliferous, bearing many whorls of flowers; leaves somewhat
truncately broadly heart-shaped, obtuse (2--8' broad), long-petioled;
flowers 6--9'' broad; _stamens about 21; styles shorter than the ovary;
achenes short-beaked_, the keeled back denticulate.--Swamps, Ill. to
N. C. and Fla., west to Mo. and Tex.
ORDER 126. NAIADACEAE. (PONDWEED FAMILY.)
_Marsh or mostly immersed aquatic herbs, with stems jointed and leafy
or_ (in Triglochin) _naked and scape-like, leaves sheathing at base or
stipulate, and flowers perfect or unisexual, often spathaceous, with
perianth of 4 or 6 herbaceous distinct valvate segments, or membranous
and tubular or cup-shaped, or none._ Stamens 1, 2, 4 or 6, with extrorse
anthers. Ovaries 1--6, distinct or more or less coherent, 1-celled,
usually 1-ovuled, in fruit follicular or capsular or an indehiscent
berry or utricle.
SUBORDER I. Juncagineae. Marsh plants, with terete bladeless leaves;
flowers perfect, spicate or racemose, with herbaceous 6- (rarely 3-)
lobed perianth; carpels 3 or 6, more or less united, separating at
maturity. Seeds anatropous; embryo straight.
1. Triglochin. Ovaries 3--6, united until maturity. Leaves radical.
Flowers bractless, in a spike-like raceme terminating a jointless scape.
2. Scheuchzeria. Ovaries 3, nearly distinct, at length divergent.
Flowers bracteate in a loose raceme upon a leafy stem.
SUBORDER II. Naiadeae. Immersed aquatics, with flat leaves; ovaries
solitary or distinct, 1-ovuled.
[+] Flowers perfect, spiked or clustered; anthers 4 or 2, sessile;
leaves alternate.
3. Potamogeton. Spike peduncled. Sepals 4, herbaceous. Anthers 4.
Ovaries 4, sessile.
4. Ruppia. Flowers on an enclosed spadix, at length long-exserted,
without perianth. Anther-cells 4, distinct. Ovaries 4, becoming
stipitate.
[+][+] Flowers monoecious or dioecious, axillary, naked, monandrous;
leaves opposite (alternate in n. 6).
5. Zannichellia. Monoecious. Pistils (2--5) from a cup-shaped involucre
or sheath.
6. Zostera. Pistils and stamens alternate in 2 vertical rows on the
inner side of a leaf-like enclosed spadix. Stigmas 2, linear. Stem
creeping.
7. Naias. Dioecious; pistil solitary, naked. Stamen enclosed in a
membranous spathe. Stems floating, with opposite or ternate leaves.
1. TRIGLOCHIN, L. ARROW-GRASS.
Sepals and petals nearly alike (greenish), ovate, concave, deciduous.
Stamens 3--6; anthers oval, on very short filaments. Pistils united into
a 3--6-celled compound ovary; stigmas sessile; ovules solitary. Capsule
splitting when ripe into 3--6 carpels, which separate from a persistent
central axis.--Perennials, with rush-like, fleshy leaves, below
sheathing the base of the wand-like naked and jointless scape. Flowers
small, in a spiked raceme, bractless. (Name composed of [Greek:
trei s], _three_, and [Greek: glochi/n], _point_, from the three points
of the ripe fruit in n. 1 when dehiscent.)
[*] _Fruit of 3 carpels._
1. T. palustris, L. Scape (6--18' high) and leaves slender; _sepals and
stamens 6; fruit linear-club-shaped; carpels_ when ripe separating from
below upward, leaving a triangular axis, _awl-pointed at
base_.--Marshes, western N. Y. to Ill., Minn., and westward. Aug. (Eu.,
Asia, etc.)
2. T. striata, Ruiz & Pav. Scape (6--12' high) and leaves slender;
flowers very small; _sepals and stamens 3; fruit globose-triangular_, or
when dry 3-lobed. (T. triandra, _Michx._)--Sea-shore, Md. to Fla.
(S. Am., etc.)
[*][*] _Fruit of 6 carpels (rarely 5)._