obovate_ and very rounded or retuse at the end, _finely serrate_, smooth
or a little hairy, those of the stem wedge-shaped; umbel divided into 5
rays, then into 3, or at length simply forked; _glands orbicular,
stalked; pods smooth and even; seeds with coarse honeycomb-like
reticulations_.--Waste places, eastward and along the Great Lakes to
Mich. July--Sept. (Nat. from Eu.)
[+][+] _Leaves entire; glands crescent-shaped or 2-horned._
[++] _Seeds smooth and dark-colored; perennials, with running
rootstocks._
E. ESULA, L. Stems clustered (1 deg. high); _leaves lanceolate or linear,
the floral_ (yellowish) _broadly heart-shaped_, mucronate; umbel divided
into many rays, then forking; _glands short-horned_ (brown); pods
smoothish and granular.--Mass., western N. Y., and Mich.; rare. (Adv.
from Eu.)
E. CYPARISSIAS, L. Stems densely clustered (6--10' high); _stem-leaves
linear, crowded, the floral heart-shaped_; umbel many-rayed; _glands
crescent-shaped_; pods granular.--Escaped from gardens, common. (Nat.
from Eu.)
E. NICAEENSIS, All. _Stout and tall_ glabrous perennial; _leaves oblong
or oblong-lanceolate_, the floral broadly heart-shaped, mucronate;
terminal umbel many-rayed, the rays forking; glands short-horned; _pods
finely wrinkled_.--A rare escape; Binghampton, N. Y. (Adv. from Eu.)
[++][++] _Seeds sculptured, ash-colored; pod smooth; annuals or
biennials._
E. PEPLUS, L. Erect or ascending (5--10' high); _leaves petioled_, thin
round-obovate, the upper floral ones ovate; umbel 3-rayed, then forking;
glands long-horned; lobes of the _pod 2-wing-crested_ on the back;
_seeds 2-grooved on the inner face, pitted on the back_ (scarcely over
1/2'' long).--Waste places, N. Eng. to N. J. and western N. Y. (Adv. from
En.)
19. E. commutata, Engelm. Stems branched from a commonly decumbent base
(6--12' high); _leaves_ obovate, obtuse; the upper all _sessile_, the
upper floral ones roundish-dilated, broader than long; umbel 3-forked;
glands with slender horns; _capsule obtusely angled; seeds ovate, pitted
all over_ (1'' long).--Along streams and shady slopes, Md. to Fla.,
Minn., and Mo.
[*][*][*] _Glabrous annual or biennial with entire opposite and
decussate leaves, an umbelliform inflorescence, and short-horned
glands._
E. LATHYRIS, L. Stem stout (2--3 deg. high); leaves thick, linear or oblong,
the floral oblong-ovate and heart-shaped; umbel 4-rayed, then
forking.--Sparingly escaped from gardens, N. Eng. to N. C. (Adv. from
Eu.)
2. PACHYSANDRA, Michx.
Flowers monoecious, in naked spikes. Calyx 4--5-parted. Petals none.
_Ster. Fl._ Stamens 4, separate; filaments long-exserted, thick and
flat; anthers oblong-linear. _Fert. Fl._ Ovary 3-celled; styles 3,
thick, awl-shaped, recurved, stigmatic down their whole length inside.
Ovules a pair in each cell, suspended, with the rhaphe dorsal (turned
away from the placenta). Capsule deeply 3-horned, 3-celled, splitting
into 3 at length 2-valved 2-seeded carpels.--Nearly glabrous, low and
procumbent perennial herbs, with matted creeping rootstocks, and
alternate, ovate or obovate, coarsely toothed leaves, narrowed at base
into a petiole. Flowers each 1--3-bracted, the upper staminate, a few
fertile ones at base, unpleasantly scented; sepals greenish or purplish;
filaments white (their size and thickness giving the name, from [Greek:
pachu/s], _thick_, and [Greek: a)ne/r], used for _stamen_).
1. P. procumbens, Michx. Stems (6--9' long) bearing several approximate
leaves at the summit on slender petioles, and a few many-flowered spikes
along the base; the intervening portion naked, or with a few small
scales.--Woods, mountains of Ky., W. Va., and southward. March--May.
3. PHYLLANTHUS, L.
Flowers monoecious, axillary. Calyx usually 5--6-parted, imbricated in
the bud. Petals none. Stamens mostly 3, erect in the bud, often united.
Ovules 2 in each cell of the ovary. Capsule depressed; each carpel
2-valved, 2-seeded. Seeds not carunculate.--Leaves alternate, 2-ranked,
with small stipules. (Name composed of [Greek: phy/llon], _leaf_, and
[Greek: a)/nthos], _blossom_, because the flowers in a few species are
borne upon leaf-like dilated branches.)
1. P. Carolinensis, Walt. Annual, low and slender, branched; leaves
obovate or oval, short-petioled; flowers commonly 2 in each axil, almost
sessile, one staminate, the other fertile; calyx 6-parted; stamens 3;
styles 3, each 2-cleft; glands of the disk in the fertile flowers united
in a cup.--Gravelly banks, E. Penn. to Fla., west to S. Ind. and Ill.
July--Sept.
4. JATROPHA, L.
Flowers monoecious, rarely dioecious, in a terminal open forking cyme;
the fertile ones usually in the lower forks. Calyx corolla-like, in the
staminate flowers often salver shaped, 5-lobed; in the pistillate,
5-parted, imbricated or convolute in the bud. Corolla of 5 distinct or
apparently united petals, or none. Glands of the disk opposite the
calyx-lobes. Stamens 10--30, in 2 or more whorls; filaments monadelphous
at base. Ovary mostly 3-celled; styles 3, united below, their summits
once or twice forked. Capsule 3-celled, 3-seeded, separating into 3
two-valved carpels. Seed carunculate.--Perennial herbaceous or shrubby
plants, chiefly tropical, with alternate mostly long-petioled
palmately-veined leaves, and stipules.--Our species is of the section
CNIDOSCOLUS, with apetalous flowers, the staminate corolla salver-form,
and the plants mostly armed with stinging bristles. (Name said by
Linnaeus to be formed of [Greek: i)atro\n], _a remedy_, and [Greek:
pha/go], _to eat_.)
1. J. stimulosa, Michx. (TREAD-SOFTLY. SPURGE-NETTLE.) Herbaceous,
from a long perennial root, branching (6'--2 deg. high); leaves
roundish-heart-shaped, 3--5-lobed nearly to the base, on long petioles;
the divisions entire or acutely toothed, cut, or even pinnatifid, often
discolored; flowers white, fragrant, 9'' long or more; filaments 10,
monadelphous only at the woolly base, or the outer set almost distinct.
(J. urens, var. stimulosa, _J. Muell._)--Dry sandy soil, Va. to Fla. and
La. June--Sept.
5. CROTON, L.
Flowers monoecious, rarely dioecious, mostly in terminal spike-like
racemes or spikes. _Ster. Fl._ Calyx 5- (rarely 4--6-) parted; the
divisions lightly imbricated or nearly valvate in the bud. Petals
usually present, as many, but mostly small or rudimentary, hypogynous.
Glands or lobes of the disk as many as and alternate with the petals.
Receptacle usually hairy. Stamens 5 or more; filaments with the anthers
inflexed in the bud. _Fert. Fl._ Calyx 5--10-cleft or parted, nearly as
in the staminate flowers; but petals none or minute rudiments. Ovary
3- (rarely 2--4-) celled, with a single ovule in each cell; styles as
many, from once to thrice 2-cleft. Capsule separating into as many
2-valved 1-seeded carpels. Seeds carunculate.--Stellate-downy, or
scurfy, or hairy and glandular plants, mostly strong-scented; the
fertile flowers usually at the base of the sterile spike or cluster.
Leaves alternate, or sometimes imperfectly opposite, with or without
obvious stipules. ([Greek: Kroto/n], the Greek name of the Castor-oil
Plant, of this family.)
[*] _Sterile flowers with 4-parted calyx, as many petals, a 4-rayed disk
and 8 stamens; fertile flowers with 5-parted calyx, very minute
rudimentary petals, and the 3 styles 2-cleft._
1. C. glandulosus, L. Annual, rough-hairy and glandular (1--2 deg. high),
somewhat umbellately branched; leaves oblong or linear-oblong, obtusely
toothed, the base with a saucer-shaped gland on each side; fertile
flowers capitate-clustered at the base of the sterile spike, sessile in
the forks and terminal.--Open waste places, Va. to Iowa, E. Kan. and
southward.
[*][*] _Sterile flowers with 5-parted calyx, as many glands alternating
with the petals, and 10--14 stamens; fertile flowers with 7--12-parted
calyx, no petals, and the 3 styles twice or thrice 2-parted._
2. C. capitatus, Michx. Annual, densely soft-woolly and somewhat
glandular (1--2 deg. high), branched; leaves long-petioled, lance-oblong or
elongated-oblong, rounded at base, entire; petals obovate-lanceolate,
densely fimbriate; fertile flowers several, capitate-crowded at the base
of the short terminal sterile spike.--Barrens, N. J. to Ga., west to S.
Ind., Iowa, and E. Kan. July--Sept.
[*][*][*] _Sterile flowers with unequally 3--5-parted calyx, as many
petals and scale-like glands, and 3--8 stamens; fertile flowers with
equally 5-parted calyx, no petals, 5 glands, and 2 sessile 2-parted
stigmas._
3. C. monanthogynus, Michx. Annual, whitish-stellate-pubescent and
rusty-glandular; stems (1--2 deg. high) slender, erect, below often
umbellately 3--4-forked, then repeatedly 2--3-forked or alternately
branched; leaves oblong-ovate or narrowly oblong, entire, often acutish
(6--12'' long, about twice the length of the petioles); flowers in the
forks, the sterile few on the summit of a short and erect peduncle, the
fertile few and clustered or mostly solitary on short recurved
peduncles; ovary 2-celled; fruit often by abortion 1-celled and
1-seeded; the seed broadly oval.--Barrens and dry prairies, S. Ind. to
N. C. and Fla., west to E. Kan. June--Sept.
[*][*][*][*] _Dioecious; calyx equally 5-parted; petals none; stamens 10
or more; styles twice or thrice dichotomously 2-parted._
4. C. Texensis, Muell. Annual, covered with a close canescent stellate
pubescence, dichotomously branched or spreading (1--2 deg. high); leaves
narrowly oblong-lanceolate to linear; staminate spikes or racemes very
short, often sessile; capsule stellate-tomentose and somewhat
muricate.--Mo. and Kan. to Ala., Tex., and westward.
6. CROTONOPSIS, Michx.
Flowers monoecious, in very small terminal or lateral spikes or
clusters, the lower fertile. _Ster. Fl._ Calyx equally 5-parted. Petals
5, spatulate. Stamens 5, opposite the petals; filaments distinct,
inflexed in the bud, enlarged at the apex. _Fert. Fl._ Calyx unequally
3--5-parted. Petals none. Glands (petal-like scales) 5, opposite the
sepals. Ovary 1-celled, simple, 1-ovuled, bearing a twice or thrice
forked style. Fruit dry and indehiscent, small, 1-seeded. Seed without
caruncle.--A slender low annual, with alternate or opposite
short-petioled linear or elliptical lanceolate leaves, which are green
and smoothish above, but silvery hoary with starry hairs and scurfy with
brownish scales underneath, as well as the branches, etc. (_Croton_ and
[Greek: o)/psis], _appearance_, for a plant with the aspect and general
character of Croton.)
1. C. linearis, Michx.--Dry sandy soil, N. J. to Fla., west to Ill. and
Kan. July--Sept.--Fruit about 1'' long.
7. ARGYTHAMNIA, P. Browne.
Flowers monoecious. Calyx 5-parted, valvate in the staminate flowers,
imbricate in the pistillate. Petals alternate with the calyx-lobes and
with the prominent lobes of the glandular disk. Stamens 5--15, united
into a central column in 1--3 whorls. Styles 1--3-cleft. Capsule
depressed, 3-lobed. Seeds subglobose, roughened or reticulated, not
carunculate.--Erect herbs or undershrubs, with purplish juice, and
alternate usually stipulate leaves. (Name from [Greek: a)/rgyros],
_silver_, and [Greek: tha/mnos], _bush_, from the hoariness of the
original species.)
1. A. mercurialina, Muell. Stem erect, nearly simple (1--2 deg. high),
sericeous; leaves sessile, oblong-ovate to lanceolate, entire, pubescent
with appressed hairs or glabrate, somewhat rigid; raceme
many-flowered, exceeding the leaves; ovary sericeous; capsule
appressed-pubescent.--Kan. to Ark. and Tex.
8. ACALYPHA, L. THREE-SEEDED MERCURY.
Flowers monoecious; the sterile very small, clustered in spikes, with
the few or solitary fertile flowers at their base, or sometimes in
separate spikes. Calyx of the sterile flowers 4-parted and valvate in
bud; of the fertile, 3--5-parted. Corolla none. Stamens 8--16; filaments
short, monadelphous at base; anther-cells separate, long, often
worm-shaped, hanging from the apex of the filament. Styles 3, the upper
face or stigmas cut-fringed (usually red). Capsule separating into 3
globular 2-valved carpels, rarely of only one carpel.--Herbs (ours
annuals), or in the tropics often shrubs, resembling Nettles or
Amaranths; the leaves alternate, petioled, with stipules. Clusters of
sterile flowers with a minute bract; the fertile surrounded by a large
and leaf-like cut-lobed persistent bract. ([Greek: A)kale/phe], an
ancient name of the Nettle.)
[*] _Fruit smooth or merely pubescent; seeds nearly smooth._
1. A. Virginica, L. Smoothish or hairy (1--2 deg. high), often turning
purple; leaves ovate or oblong-ovate, obtusely and sparsely serrate,
long-petioled; sterile spike rather few-flowered, mostly shorter than
the large leaf like palmately 5--9-cleft fruiting bracts; fertile
flowers 1--3 in each axil.--Fields and open places, N. Eng. to Ont. and
Minn., south to the Gulf. July--Sept.
Var. gracilens, Muell. Leaves lanceolate or even linear, less toothed
and shorter-petioled; the slender sterile spike often 1' long, and much
surpassing the less cleft or few-toothed fruiting bracts.--Sandy dry
soil, R. I. and Conn. to Fla., west to Ill., E. Kan. and Tex.
[*][*] _Fruit echinate with soft bristly green projections; seeds
rough-wrinkled._
2. A. Caroliniana, Ell. Leaves thin, ovate-cordate, sharply and closely
serrate-toothed, abruptly acuminate, long-petioled; sterile spikes
short, axillary; the fertile ones mostly terminal and elongated, their
bracts deeply cut into many linear lobes.--N. J. to Fla., west to Ohio,
Kan., and Tex.
9. RICINUS, Linn. CASTOR-OIL PLANT.
Flowers in racemose or panicled clusters, the fertile above, the
staminate below. Calyx 5-parted. Stamens very numerous, with repeatedly
branching filaments. Styles 3, united at base, each bifid, red. Capsule
large, 3-lobed, with 3 large seeds.--A tall stately annual, with very
large alternate peltate and palmately 7--11-cleft leaves (often 1--2 deg.
broad). (The ancient Roman name of the plant.)
R. COMMUNIS, L.--Cultivated extensively for ornament, and sparingly
escaped in Md., Mo., and southward. Very variable.
10. TRAGIA, Plumier.
Flowers monoecious, in racemes, apetalous. _Ster. Fl._ Calyx 3--5-
(chiefly 3-) parted, valvate in the bud. Stamens 2 or 3; filaments
short; anther-cells united. _Fert. Fl._ Calyx 3--8-parted, persistent.
Style 3-cleft or 3-parted; the branches 3, simple. Capsule 3-celled,
3-lobed, bristly, separating into three 2-valved 1-seeded carpels. Seeds
not carunculate.--Erect or climbing plants (perennial herbs in U. S.),
pubescent or hispid, sometimes stinging, with mostly alternate stipulate
leaves; the small flowered racemes terminal or opposite the leaves; the
sterile flowers above, the few fertile at the base all with small
bracts. (Named for the early herbalist _Bock_, latinized _Tragus_.)
1. T. innocua, Walt. _Erect_, paniculate-branched, _softly
hairy-pubescent_ (6--12' high); _leaves_ varying from obovate-oblong to
narrowly linear, _acute at base_, obtusely or sinuately few-toothed or
lobed, sometimes entire, _short-petioled or sessile_, paler beneath;
sterile calyx usually 4-parted; stamens 2. (T. urens, _L._)--Dry sandy
soil, E. Va. to Fla. and La. May--Aug.--Not stinging.
2. T. nepetaefolia, Cav. _Erect or reclining_ or slightly twining,
hirsute with stinging hairs; _leaves ovate-lanceolate or
triangular-lanceolate_, or the lower ovate, _all somewhat cordate or
truncate at base_, coarsely cut-toothed, _short-petioled_; sterile calyx
usually 3-parted and stamens 3. (T. urticaefolia, _Michx._)--Virginia
(_Pursh_), and common southward to Fla. and Tex., Mo., Kan., and
westward.--T. STYLARIS, Muell., of the southwest, which is reported from
Kan., may be distinguished by its 4--5-parted sterile calyx, 4--5
stamens, and elongated styles.
3. T. macrocarpa, Willd. _Twining_, somewhat hirsute; _leaves deeply
cordate_, ovate, mostly narrowly acuminate, sharply serrate (3--5'
long), all but the uppermost _long-petioled_; pod 1/2' broad. (T.
cordata, _Michx._)--Ky. to Ga., Fla., and La.
11. STILLINGIA, Garden.
Flowers monoecious, aggregated in a terminal spike. Petals and glands of
the disk none. Calyx 2--3-cleft or parted; the divisions imbricated in
the bud. Stamens 2 or 3; anthers adnate, turned outward. Style thick;
stigmas 3, diverging, simple. Capsule 3-celled, 3-lobed, 3-seeded. Seed
carunculate.--Smooth upright plants with the alternate leaves mostly
2-glandular at base; the fertile flowers few at the base of the dense
sterile spike (rarely separate); the bract for each cluster with a large
gland on each side. (Named for _Dr. B. Stillingfleet_.)
1. S. sylvatica, L. Herbaceous (1--3 deg. high); leaves almost sessile,
oblong-lanceolate, serrulate; glands of the spike saucer-shaped.--Sandy
and dry soil, Va. to Fla., west to Kan. and Tex. June--Sept.
ORDER 99. URTICACEAE. (NETTLE FAMILY.)
_Plants with stipules, and monoecious or dioecious or rarely (in the_
Elm Family) _perfect flowers, furnished with a regular calyx, free from
the 1-celled (rarely 2-celled) ovary which forms a 1-seeded fruit; the
embryo in the albumen when there is any, its radicle pointing upward;
stamens as many as the lobes of the calyx and opposite them, or
sometimes fewer._ Cotyledons usually broad. Stipules often deciduous.--A
large order (far the greater part tropical).
Tribe I. ULMEAE. Flowers mostly polygamous, upon the last year's
branches. Anthers erect in the bud, extrorse. Styles or stigmas 2. Fruit
a winged samara or nut-like. Seed suspended. Embryo straight.--Trees,
with alternate serrate pinnately veined leaves and fugacious stipules.
1. Ulmus. Flowers preceding the leaves. Ovary 1--2-ovuled. Fruit winged
all around.
2. Planera. Flowers appearing with the leaves. Ovule one. Fruit
wingless, nut-like.
Tribe II. CELTIDEAE. As in Tribe I., but the dioecious-polygamous flowers
upon branches of the same year; anthers introrse; fruit a drupe; embryo
curved.
3. Celtis. Ovary 1-ovuled. Flowers appearing with the leaves. Leaves
3-nerved at base.
Tribe III. CANNABINEAE. Flowers dioecious; the sterile racemed or
panicled; the fertile in clusters or catkins, the calyx of one sepal
embracing the ovary. Filaments short, erect in the bud. Stigmas 2,
elongated. Ovary 1-celled, with a pendulous ovule, forming a small
glandular achene in fruit. Embryo curved or coiled.--Erect or climbing
herbs, with watery juice, mostly opposite lobed or divided leaves,
persistent stipules, and a fibrous inner bark.
4. Cannabis. Fertile flowers spiked-clustered. Leaves 5--7-divided.
Erect.
5. Humulus. Fertile flowers in a short spike forming a membranaceous
catkin in fruit. Leaves 3--5-lobed. Climbing.
Tribe IV. MOREAE. Flowers unisexual, racemose, spicate or capitate; calyx
becoming fleshy or juicy in fruit. Anthers inflexed in the bud. Style
undivided or 2-parted, filiform; ovule pendulous; fruit an achene,
embryo curved.--Trees or shrubs, with milky juice, alternate leaves, and
fugacious stipules.
6. Maclura. Sterile flowers in loose racemes; fertile in globose heads.
Leaves entire.
7. Morus. Fertile and sterile flowers in separate spikes. Leaves
dentate, 3-nerved.
Tribe V. URTICEAE. Flowers unisexual. Filaments indexed in the bud. Style
or stigma simple. Ovary 1-celled, with an erect ovule, forming an achene
in fruit. Embryo straight.--Herbs with watery juice, tough fibrous bark,
and opposite or alternate leaves; often armed with stinging hairs.
[*] Calyx in the fertile flowers of 2--5 separate or nearly separate
sepals.
[+] Plant beset with stinging bristles.
8. Urtica. Sepals 4 in both fertile and sterile flowers. Achene straight
and erect, enclosed by the 2 inner and larger sepals. Stigma capitate
tufted. Leaves opposite.
9. Laportea. Sepals 5 in the sterile flowers, 4 in the fertile, or
apparently only 2. Stigma long-subulate. Achene very oblique, deflexed,
nearly naked. Leaves alternate.
[+][+] Plant wholly destitute of stinging bristles. Leaves alternate.
10. Pilea. Sepals 3 or 4, those of the fertile flowers unequal, all or
all but one small. Achene partly naked, straight and erect. Stigma
pencil-tufted. Smooth and shining.
[*][*] Fertile calyx tubular or cup-shaped, enclosing the achene.
Unarmed.
11. Boehmeria. Flower-clusters spiked, not involucrate. Style long and
thread-shaped, stigmatic down one side. Leaves opposite, serrate.
12. Parietaria. Flowers in involucrate-bracted clusters. Stigma tufted.
Leaves alternate, entire.
1. ULMUS, L. ELM.
Calyx bell-shaped, 4--9-cleft. Stamens 4--9, with long and slender
filaments. Ovary 1--2-celled, with a single anatropous ovule suspended
from the summit of each cell; styles 2, short, diverging, stigmatic
along the inner edge. Fruit a 1-celled and 1-seeded membranaceous
samara, winged all around. Albumen none; embryo straight; the
cotyledons large.--Flowers polygamous, purplish or yellowish, in lateral
clusters, in our species preceding the leaves, which are strongly
straight-veined, short-petioled, and oblique or unequally somewhat
heart-shaped at base. Stipules small, caducous. (The classical Latin
name.)
[*] _Flowers nearly sessile; fruit orbicular, not ciliate; leaves very
rough above._
1. U. fulva, Michx. (SLIPPERY or RED ELM.) Buds before expansion
soft-downy with rusty hairs (large); leaves ovate-oblong, taper-pointed,
doubly serrate (4--8' long, sweet-scented in drying), soft-downy beneath
or slightly rough downward; branchlets downy; calyx-lobes and stamens
5--9; fruit (8--9'' wide) with the cell pubescent.--Rich soil, N. Eng.
to Dak., and southward. March, April.--A small or middle-sized tree
(45--60 deg. high), with tough reddish wood, and a very mucilaginous inner
bark.
[*][*] _Flowers on slender drooping pedicels, which are jointed above
the middle; fruit ovate or oval, fringed-ciliate; leaves smooth above,
or nearly so._
2. U. Americana, L. (AMERICAN or WHITE ELM.) _Buds and branchlets_
glabrous; _branches not corky_; leaves obovate-oblong or oval, abruptly
pointed, sharply and often doubly serrate (2--4' long), soft-pubescent
beneath, or soon glabrous; _flowers in close fascicles_; calyx with 7--9
roundish lobes; _fruit glabrous_ except the margins (1/2' long), its sharp
points incurved and closing the notch.--Moist woods, especially along
rivers, in rich soil. April.--A large and well-known ornamental tree,
variable in habit, usually with spreading branches and drooping
branchlets.
3. U. racemosa, Thomas. (CORK or ROCK ELM.) _Bud-scales downy-ciliate_
and somewhat pubescent, as are the young branchlets; _branches often
with corky ridges_; leaves nearly as in the last, but with veins more
simple and straight; _flowers racemed_; fruit much as in the last, but
rather larger.--River-banks, S. W. Vt. to Ont. and central Minn., south
to Mo. and Ky. A large and very valuable tree.
4. U. alata, Michx. (WAHOO or WINGED ELM.) _Bud-scales and branchlets
nearly glabrous; branches corky-winged_, at least some of them; leaves
downy beneath, ovate-oblong and oblong-lanceolate, acute, thickish,
small (1--21/2' long); calyx-lobes obovate; fruit downy on the face at
least when young.--Va. to S. Ind., S. Mo., and southward. March. A small
tree.
2. PLANERA, Gmelin. PLANER-TREE.
Flowers monoeciously polygamous. Calyx 4--5-cleft. Stamens 4--5. Ovary
ovoid, 1-celled, 1-ovuled, crowned with 2 spreading styles which are
stigmatose down the inner side, in fruit becoming coriaceous and
nut-like, not winged. Albumen none; embryo straight.--Trees with small
leaves, like those of Elms, the flowers appearing with them, in small
axillary clusters. (Named for _J. J. Planer_, a German botanist.)
1. P. aquatica, Gmel. Nearly glabrous; leaves ovate-oblong, small; fruit
stalked in the calyx, beset with irregular rough projections.--Wet
banks, N. C. to Ky., S. Ill., and southward. April. A rather small tree.
3. CELTIS, Tourn. NETTLE-TREE. HACKBERRY.