reduced to bracts, usually forming a spike. Calyx of a single delicate
sepal on the inner side. Stamens 1 or 2, rarely 5. Styles 2. Fruit oval,
flat, with the outer face rather convex and the inner concave,
sharp-margined, a _caryopsis_, i.e. the thin pericarp adherent to the
vertical seed. Embryo slender, coiled around a central albumen.--Low
branching annuals, with narrow linear alternate 1-nerved leaves. (Name
formed of [Greek: ko/ris], _a bug_, and [Greek: spe/rma], _seed_.)
1. C. hyssopifolium, L. Somewhat hairy when young, pale; floral leaves
or bracts awl-shaped from a dilated base or the upper ovate and pointed,
scarious-margined; fruit wing-margined.--Sandy beaches along the Great
Lakes, central Neb., Tex., and westward.--Leaves usually pungent.
7. SALICORNIA, Tourn. GLASSWORT. SAMPHIRE.
Flowers perfect, 3 together immersed in each hollow of the thickened
upper joints, forming a spike; the two lateral sometimes sterile. Calyx
small and bladder-like, with a toothed or torn margin, at length spongy
and narrowly wing-bordered, enclosing the flattened thin utricle.
Stamens 1 or 2. Styles 2, united at base. Seed vertical, without
albumen. Embryo thick, the cotyledons incumbent upon the radicle.--Low
saline plants, with succulent leafless jointed stems, and opposite
branches; the flower-bearing branchlets forming the spikes. (Name
composed of _sal_, salt, and _cornu_, a horn; saline plants with
horn-like branches.)
1. S. mucronata, Bigel. Annual, erect, stout, naked below (2--12' high),
_turning red_ in age; _spikes thick, closely jointed; scales
mucronate-pointed and conspicuous_, especially when dry; _middle flower
half higher than the lateral ones_ or less, occupying nearly the whole
length of the joint; fruit pubescent; seed 1/2--3/4'' long. (S. Virginica,
_Gray_, Manual; not _L._)--Sea-coast from N. Scotia to Va.
2. S. herbacea, L. Annual, erect or at length spreading (6--18' high),
_green; scales obscure and very blunt_, making a truncate barely
emarginate termination of _the longer joints_ of the stem or _elongated
narrower spikes_; middle flower much higher than the lateral ones,
slightly shorter than the joint; fruit pubescent; seed {2/3}--1''
long.--Salt marshes of the coast and interior salt springs, and alkaline
localities.
3. S. ambigua, Michx. Numerous tufted stems (3--12' long) decumbent or
ascending from a hard and rather _woody creeping base or rootstock_,
greenish, turning lead-colored; _spikes slender, short-jointed, the
scales short, acutish or acute; flowers nearly equal in height_ and
equalling the joint; seed pubescent, {1/3}'' long. (S. fruticosa, var.
ambigua, _Gray_, Manual.)--Sea-coast, Mass. to Fla. and Tex.
8. SUAEDA, Forskal. SEA BLITE.
Flowers perfect, sessile in the axils of leafy bracts. Calyx 5-parted,
fleshy, enclosing the fruit (utricle) and often carinate or crested.
Stamens 5. Stigmas 2 or 3. Seed vertical or horizontal, with a
flat-spiral embryo, dividing the scanty albumen (when there is any) into
two portions.--Fleshy saline plants, with alternate nearly terete linear
leaves. (An Arabic name.)
1. S. linearis, Moq. Annual, prostrate or usually erect, 1--2 deg. high,
branched; _leaves narrow at base_, 1/2--2' long, acute; floral bracts
acuminate, on slender branchlets; sepals very thick; anthers exserted;
seed horizontal, round-oval, black, 1/2'' broad. (S. maritima, _Gray_; not
_Dumort_.)--Sea-coast, N. Scotia to Fla.--A doubtful form of E. Mass.
has the bracts and shorter leaves obtuse, larger flowers on less slender
branchlets, and reddish seeds nearly 1'' broad.
2. S. depressa, Watson. _Annual, decumbent_ or erect, branching from the
base; _leaves broadest at base_, the cauline 3--12'' long, the floral
lanceolate to ovate; one or more of the calyx-lobes _very strongly
carinate or crested_.--Saline soil, Red River Valley, Minn., to Col.,
and westward.
9. SALSOLA, L. SALTWORT.
Flowers perfect, with 2 bractlets. Calyx 5-parted, persistent and
enclosing the depressed fruit in its base; its divisions at length
horizontally winged on the back, the wings forming a broad and circular
scarious border. Stamens mostly 5. Styles 2. Seed horizontal, without
albumen, filled by the embryo, which is coiled in a conical spiral
(cochleate).--Herbs or slightly shrubby branching plants of the
sea-shore, with fleshy and rather terete or awl-shaped leaves, and
sessile axillary flowers. (Diminutive of _salsus_, salty.)
1. S. Kali, L. (COMMON SALTWORT.) Annual, diffusely branching, bushy,
rough or smoothish; leaves all alternate, awl-shaped, prickly-pointed;
flowers single; calyx with the converging lobes forming a sort of beak
over the fruit, the large rose or flesh-colored wings nearly orbicular
and spreading.--Sandy sea-shore, N. Eng. to Ga. Aug. (Eu.)
(Addendum)--Salsola Kali. This species has been found in Emmet Co., Iowa
(_Cratty_), at Yankton, Dak. (_Bruhin_), and in river-bottoms in N. W.
Neb. and central Dak.
ORDER 88. PHYTOLACCACEAE. (POKEWEED FAMILY.)
_Plants with alternate entire leaves and perfect flowers, having the
general characters of_ Chenopodiaceae, _but usually a several-celled
ovary composed of as many carpels united in a ring, and forming a berry
in fruit._
1. PHYTOLACCA, Tourn. POKEWEED.
Calyx of 5 rounded and petal like sepals. Stamens 5--30. Ovary of 5--12
carpels, united in a ring, with as many short separate styles, in fruit
forming a depressed globose 5--12-celled berry, with a single vertical
seed in each cell. Embryo curved in a ring around the albumen.--Tall
and stout perennial herbs, with large petioled leaves, and terminal
racemes which become lateral and opposite the leaves. (Name compounded
of [Greek: phyto/n], _plant_, and the French _lac_, lake, in allusion to
the crimson coloring matter which the berries yield.)
1. P. decandra, L. (COMMON POKE or SCOKE. GARGET. PIGEON-BERRY.) Stamens
and styles 10.--Low grounds. July--Sept.--A smooth plant, with a rather
unpleasant odor, and a very large poisonous root, often 4--6' in
diameter, sending up stout stalks at length 6--9 deg. high; calyx white;
ovary green; berries in long racemes, dark-purple and filled with
crimson juice, ripe in autumn.
ORDER 89. POLYGONACEAE. (BUCKWHEAT FAMILY.)
_Herbs, with alternate entire leaves, and stipules in the form of
sheaths_ (ocreae, these sometimes obsolete) _above the swollen joints of
the stem; the flowers mostly perfect, with a more or less persistent
calyx, a 1-celled ovary bearing 2 or 3 styles or stigmas, and a single
erect orthotropous seed._ Fruit usually an achene, compressed or
3--4-angled or -winged. Embryo curved or straightish, on the outside of
the albumen, or rarely in its centre. Stamens 4--12, inserted on the
base of the 3--6-cleft calyx. (Juice often acrid, sometimes agreeably
acid, as in Sorrel; the roots, as in Rhubarb, sometimes cathartic.)
[*] Flowers involucrate; stamens 9; stipules none.
1. Eriogonum. Involucre several-flowered, with flowers exserted. Calyx
6-cleft.
[*][*] Flowers without involucre; stamens 4 to 8.
[+] Stipular sheaths manifest; ovule erect from the base of the cell.
[++] Sepals 4 or 6, the outer row reflexed, the inner erect and
enlarging in fruit.
2. Oxyria. Sepals 4. Stigmas 2. Achene orbicular-winged. Leaves
reniform.
3. Rumex. Sepals 6. Stigmas 3. Achene 3-angled.
[++][++] Sepals 5 (sometimes 4), equal and erect in fruit. Achene
triangular or lenticular.
4. Polygonum. Embryo slender, curved around one side of the albumen.
Pedicels mostly fascicled.
5. Fagopyrum. Embryo in the albumen, its very broad cotyledons
twisted-plaited.
6. Polygonella. Embryo slender, nearly straight. Pedicels solitary.
Leaves jointed at base.
[+][+] Stipules obsolete; ovule hanging from the apex of a slender
stalk.
7. Brunnichia. Calyx 5-parted, in fruit with a wing decurrent on the
pedicel. Tendril-climber.
1. ERIOGONUM, Michx.
Flowers perfect, involucrate; involucre 4--8-toothed or lobed, usually
many-flowered; the more or less exserted pedicels intermixed with narrow
scarious bracts. Calyx 6-parted or -cleft, colored, persistent about the
achene. Stamens 9, upon the base of the calyx. Styles 3; stigmas
capitate. Achene triangular. Embryo straight and axile, with foliaceous
cotyledons.--Annuals or perennials, with radical or alternate or whorled
entire leaves, without stipules. (Name from [Greek: e)/rion], _wool_,
and [Greek: go/ny], _knee_.)
1. E. annuum, Nutt. Annual, erect, leafy, naked above, 2 deg. high,
white-floccose-tomentose throughout; leaves oblong-lanceolate, acute at
both ends, short-petiolate, flat; bracts small, triangular; involucres
numerous in terminal cymes, turbinate, shortly pedicelled, 1--11/2'' long,
very tomentose; flowers white, the outer sepals oblong obovate, 1'' long
or less.--Central Kan. to Col., and southward.
(Addendum) 2. E. Alleni, Watson. Perennial, white-tomentose throughout,
the tall scape-like stem repeatedly dichotomous above; radical leaves
lanceolate, long-petiolate, the upper in whorls of 4 or 5, ovate to
oblong-ovate, very shortly petiolate, much reduced above; involucres
mostly sessile; flowers glabrous, yellow, the segments elliptical.--Near
White Sulphur Springs, W. Va. (_T. F. Allen_).
2. OXYRIA, Hill. MOUNTAIN SORREL.
Calyx herbaceous, of 4 sepals; the outer smaller and spreading, the
inner broader and erect (but unchanged) in fruit. Stamens 6. Stigmas 2,
sessile, tufted. Achene lenticular, thin, flat, much larger than the
calyx, surrounded by a broad veiny wing. Seed flattened contrary to the
wing. Embryo straight, in the centre of the albumen, slender.--Low
alpine perennial, with round-kidney-form and long-petioled leaves
chiefly from the root, obliquely truncate sheaths, and small greenish
flowers clustered in panicled racemes on a slender scape. (Name from
[Greek: o)xy/s], _sour_, in allusion to the acid leaves.)
1. O. digyna, Hill. Leaves all round-kidney-form, usually notched at the
end; fruit orbicular.--Alpine region of the White Mts., and far north
and westward. (Eu.)
3. RUMEX, L. DOCK. SORREL.
Calyx of 6 sepals; the 3 outer herbaceous, sometimes united at base,
spreading in fruit; the 3 inner larger, somewhat colored, enlarged after
flowering (in fruit called _valves_) and convergent over the 3-angled
achene, veiny, often bearing a grain-like tubercle on the back. Stamens
6. Styles 3; stigmas tufted. Embryo slightly curved lying along one side
of the albumen, slender.--Coarse herbs, with small and homely (mostly
green) flowers, which are crowded and commonly whorled in panicled
racemes; the petioles somewhat sheathing at base. (The ancient Latin
name; of unknown etymology.)
Sec. 1. LAPATHUM. (DOCK.) _Flowers perfect or monoeciously polygamous;
herbage not sour or scarcely so; none of the leaves halberd-shaped.
(Flowering through the summer.)_
[*] _Perennials, 1--7 deg. high, mostly with fusiform roots; valves not
bearing bristles._
[+] _Valves (large, 3'' broad or more, thin) all naked or one with a
small grain._
R. PATIENTIA, L. (PATIENCE DOCK.) A very tall species, with ovate-oblong
and lanceolate leaves (broadest above the base), those from the root
2--3 deg. long, and one of the heart-shaped nearly or quite entire valves
(3'' broad) bearing a small grain, or its midrib thickened at
base.--N. Eng and N. Y. (Adv. from Eu.)
1. R. venosus, Pursh. Stems from running rootstocks, erect (1 deg. high or
less), with conspicuous dilated stipules; leaves on short but rather
slender petioles, ovate or oblong to lanceolate (3--6'; long), acute or
acuminate, only the lowest obtuse at base; panicle nearly sessile,
short, dense in fruit; valves entire, glandless, broadly cordate with a
deep sinus, 9--12'' in diameter, bright rose-color.--Sask. to central
Mo. and Kan., and westward.
[+][+] _Valves smaller, one or more of them conspicuously
grain-bearing._
[++] _Indigenous; leaves not wavy, none heart-shaped, except the lowest
of n. 5._
2. R. Britannica, L. (GREAT WATER-DOCK.) Tall and stout (5--6 deg. high);
leaves oblong-lanceolate, rather acute at both ends, transversely
veined, and with obscurely erose-crenulate margins (the lowest,
including the petiole, 1--2 deg. long, the middle rarely truncate or
obscurely cordate at base); racemes upright in a large compound panicle,
nearly leafless; whorls crowded; _pedicels capillary, nodding, about
twice the length of the fruiting calyx; the valves orbicular or
round-ovate_, very obtuse, obscurely heart-shaped at base, _finely
reticulated_, entire or repand-denticulate (2--3'' broad), all
grain-bearing. (R. orbiculatus, _Gray_.)--Wet places, N. Eng. to N. J.,
west to Minn, and Kan.
3. R. altissimus, Wood. (PALE DOCK.) Rather tall (2--6 deg. high); _leaves
ovate- or oblong-lanceolate_, acute, pale, thickish, obscurely veiny
(the cauline 3--6' long, contracted at base into a short petiole);
racemes spike-like and panicled, nearly leafless; whorls crowded;
_pedicels nodding, shorter than the fruiting calyx; valves broadly
ovate_ or obscurely heart-shaped, obtuse or acutish, entire, loosely
reticulated (about 2'' broad), one with a conspicuous grain, the others
with a thickened midrib or naked. (R. Britannica, _Gray_; not
_L._)--Moist grounds, N. Y. and N. J. to Minn., and Kan.
4. R. salicifolius, Weinmann. (WHITE DOCK.) Rather low (1--3 deg. high);
root white, _leaves narrowly or linear-lanceolate_, or the lowest
oblong; whorls much crowded; _pedicels much shorter than the fruiting
calyx; valves deltoid-ovate_, obtusish or acutish (about 11/2'' long),
one, two or sometimes all with a conspicuous often very large grain;
otherwise nearly as n. 3.--Salt marshes, from Newf. to N. Eng., about
the Great Lakes, and far westward.
5. R. verticillatus, L. (SWAMP DOCK.) Rather tall (3--5 deg. high); leaves
lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, rather obtuse, thickish, pale-green,
the lowest often heart-shaped at base; racemes nearly leafless,
elongated, loose, the whorls crowded or the lower ones distant;
fruit-bearing _pedicels slender, club-shaped, abruptly reflexed, 3--4
times longer than the fruiting calyx; valves dilated-rhomboid, obtusely
somewhat pointed, strongly rugose-reticulated_, each bearing a very
large grain.--Wet swamps, common.
[++][++] _Naturalized European weeds; lower leaves mostly heart-shaped
at base._
R. CRISPUS, L. (CURLED DOCK.) Smooth (3--4 deg. high); _leaves with strongly
wavy-curled margins, lanceolate_, acute, the lower truncate or scarcely
heart-shaped at base; _whorls crowded in prolonged wand-like racemes,
leafless above; valves round-heart-shaped, obscurely denticulate_ or
entire, mostly all grain-bearing.--In cultivated and waste ground, very
common. A hybrid of this with the next is reported from Mass., N. Y.,
and Md.
R. OBTUSIFOLIUS, L. (BITTER DOCK.) Stem roughish; _lowest leaves
ovate-heart-shaped, obtuse_, rather downy on the veins beneath, somewhat
wavy-margined, the _upper oblong-lanceolate, acute; whorls loose and
distant; valves ovate-halberd-shaped, with some sharp awl-shaped teeth
at base_, strongly reticulated, one of them principally
grain-bearing.--Fields, etc., common.
R. SANGUINEUS, L. _Leaves oblong-lanceolate_, often fiddle shaped,
wavy-margined; _whorls distant, in long slender leafless spikes_;
pedicels very short, jointed at base; _valves narrowly oblong, obtuse,
entire_, one at least grain-bearing; veins of the leaf red, or
green.--Waste and cultivated ground.
R. CONGLOMERATUS, Murray. (SMALLER GREEN DOCK.) Like the last, but
leaves not fiddle-shaped, and panicle leafy; pedicels short, jointed
below the middle; valves acutish, all grain-bearing.--Moist places.
[*][*] _Annuals, low; valves bearing long awns or bristles._
6. R. maritimus, L. (GOLDEN DOCK.) Minutely pubescent, diffusely
branched, 6--12' high; leaves lance-linear, wavy-margined, the lower
auricled or heart-shaped at base; whorls excessively crowded in leafy
and compact or interrupted spikes; valves rhombic-oblong, lance-pointed,
each bearing 2--3 long awn-like bristles on each side, and a large grain
on the back.--Sea-shore, Mass. to N. C.; also from Ill. to Minn., and
westward.
Sec. 2. ACETOSA. (SORREL.) _Flowers dioecious, small, in a terminal naked
panicle; herbage sour; some leaves halberd-shaped; smooth perennials,
spreading by running rootstocks, flowering in spring._
7. R. hastatulus, Baldw. Stem simple, 1--2 deg. high; leaves nearly as in
the next; _pedicels jointed at or below the middle; valves of the
fruiting calyx round-heart-shaped_, thin, finely reticulated, naked,
_many times larger than the achene_. (R. Engelmanni, _Ledeb._)--S. W.
Ill. to E. Kan., Tex., and Fla.; Riverhead, Long Island (_Young_).
R. ACETOSELLA, L. (FIELD or SHEEP SORREL.) Low (6--12' high); leaves
narrow-lanceolate or linear, halberd-form, at least those of the root,
the narrow lobes entire; _pedicels jointed with the flower; valves
scarcely enlarging in fruit, ovate_, naked.--Abundant everywhere. (Nat.
from Eu.)
R. ACETOSA, L. (SORREL DOCK.) Like the last, but taller (1--3 deg. high);
leaves oblong or broadly lanceolate; _valves enlarging in fruit and
orbicular, the outer reflexed_.--Charlotte, Vt., and Penn Yan, N. Y.
(Nat. from Eu.)
4. POLYGONUM, Tourn. KNOTWEED.
Calyx mostly 5-parted; the divisions often petal-like, all erect in
fruit, withering or persistent. Stamens 4--9. Styles or stigmas 2 or 3;
achene accordingly lenticular or 3-angular. Embryo placed in a groove on
the outside of the albumen and curved half-way around it; the radicle
and usually the cotyledons slender.--Pedicels jointed. Ours all
herbaceous, with fibrous roots (except n. 19), flowering through late
summer and early autumn. (Name composed of [Greek: poly/s], _many_, and
[Greek: go/ny], _knee_, from the numerous joints.)
Sec. 1. POLYGONUM proper. _Flowers in axillary fascicles or spicate with
foliaceous bracts; leaves and bracts jointed upon a very short petiole
adnate to the short sheath of the 2-lobed or lacerate scarious stipules;
stems striate; calyx 5--6-parted, usually more or less herbaceous;
stamens 3--8, the 3 inner filaments broad at base; styles 3; cotyledons
incumbent; albumen horny; glabrous annuals, except n. 1._ (Sec. Avicularia,
_Meisn._)
[*] _Leafy throughout._
1. P. maritimum, L. _Perennial_, at length woody at base (or sometimes
annual), prostrate, _glaucous_, the stout stems very shortly jointed;
_leaves thick_, oval to linear-oblong (3--10'' long), exceeding the
nodes; stipules very conspicuous; sepals petaloid; stamens 8; _achene
smooth and shining, exserted_.--Sea-coast from Mass. to Ga. (Eu.)
2. P. aviculare, L. Slender, _mostly prostrate or ascending,
bluish-green_; leaves oblong to lanceolate (3--10'' long), usually acute
or acutish; _sepals hardly 1'' long_, green with pinkish margins;
stamens 8 (rarely 5); achene dull and minutely granular, mostly
included.--Common everywhere in yards, waste places, etc. (Eu., Asia.)
3. P. erectum, L. _Stouter, erect_ or ascending (1--2 deg. high),
_yellowish_; leaves oblong or oval (1/2--21/2' long), usually obtuse;
_flowers mostly 11/2'' long_, often yellowish, on more or less exserted
pedicels, stamens 5--6; achene dull, included (P. aviculare, var.
erectum, _Roth_.)--Common, by waysides, etc.
[*][*] _Leaves much reduced above and bract-like._
4. P. ramosissimum, Michx. Erect or ascending (2--4 deg. high), _yellowish
green_; leaves lanceolate to linear (1--21/2' long), acute; _flowers_ and
achene _as in_ n. 3, but sepals more frequently 6, the _stamens_ 3--6,
and the achene mostly smooth and shining--Sandy shores and banks of
streams, E. Mass to N. Y., west to Minn., Ark., Tex., and far westward.
5. P. tenue, Michx. _Stem angled_, erect (1/2--11/2 deg. high), glabrous, or
slightly scabrous at the nodes; _leaves_ narrowly linear to lanceolate
(1--2' long), _3-nerved_, acute at each end and often cuspidate, the
margins somewhat scabrous and at length revolute; _flowers_ often
solitary, _nearly sessile; stamens_ 8; achene included, dull black--Dry
soil, N. Eng. to S. C., west to Minn., Mo., and Tex.
6. P. camporum, Meisn. _Stem terete_, erect or ascending (2--3 deg. high),
glabrous; _leaves deciduous_, linear to oblong, usually short; _pedicels
slender, exserted from the scarious sheaths_; stamens 8.--E. Kan. to
Tex.
Sec. 2. PERSICARIA _Flowers in dense spikes, with small scarious bracts;
leaves not jointed on the petiole; sheaths cylindrical, truncate,
entire, naked or ciliate-fringed or margined; calyx colored, 5-parted,
appressed to the fruit; stamens 4--8, filaments filiform; cotyledons
accumbent._
[*] _Sheaths and bracts not ciliate or fringed; sepals not punctate;
style 2-cleft._
7. P. lapathifolium, L. Annual, branching, 1--4 deg. high, glabrous or the
peduncles often minutely glandular; leaves lanceolate, attenuate upward
from near the cuneate base and acuminate somewhat scabious with short
appressed hairs on the midrib and margin or rarely floccose-tomentose
beneath; sheaths and bracts rarely somewhat ciliolate; spikes oblong to
linear (1/2--2' long), dense, erect or nearly so; flowers white or pale
rose-color; stamens 6; achene ovate, rarely 1'' broad. (P. nodosum,
_Pers._, P. incarnatum, _Man._, in part.)--Wet places; N. Eng. and Can.
to Ill., Wisc., and far westward. Very variable. (Eu.)
Var. incarnatum, Watson. Leaves often large (6--12' long, 1--3' wide);
spikes more slender and elongated (2--4' long), nodding. (P. incarnatum,
_Ell._)--Penn. to Ill., Mo., and southward.
Var. incanum, Koch. Low (6--12' high); leaves small, obtusish, more or
less hoary beneath with floccose tomentum; spikes short.--Cayuga Lake,
N. Y., Ont., shores of L. Superior, and northwestward. (Eu.)
8. P. Pennsylvanicum, L. A similar species, but the _branches above and
especially the peduncles beset with stipitate glands_; flowers larger
and often bright rose-color, in short erect spikes, often on exserted
pedicels; stamens usually 8; achene nearly orbicular, over 1''
broad.--Moist soil, in open waste places, common.
9. P. amphibium, L. Perennial, _aquatic_ or rooting in the mud, _stout
and glabrous_ or nearly so, not branching above the rooting base;
_leaves usually floating, thick_, smooth and shining above, mostly long
petioled, _elliptical to oblong_ or sometimes lanceolate, _acutish_,
cuneate or cordate at base (2--5' long); spike terminal, _dense, ovate
or oblong_ (1/2--1' long); flowers bright rose-color (11/2--3'' long); the 5
stamens and 2-cleft style exserted.--Widely distributed and rather
common. (Eu., Asia)
10. P. Muhlenberghii, Watson. Perennial, in muddy or dry places,
decumbent or suberect, _scabrous with short appressed or glandular
hairs; leaves thinner, rather broadly lanceolate, narrowly acuminate_
(4--7' long); _spikes more elongated_ (1--3' long), often in pairs;
flowers and fruit nearly as in the last. (P. amphibium, var. terrestre,
_Gray_, Manual; not _Lurs_)--N. Eng. to Fla., westward across the
continent.
[*][*] _Sheaths and bracts bristly ciliate or the sheaths foliaceously
margined._
[+] _Sepals not punctate; style 2-cleft; achene somewhat flattened._
11. P. Hartwrightii, Gray. _Perennial_, very closely allied to n. 9,
growing usually in mud, the ascending stems rooting at base and very
leafy, _more or less rough-hairy_, at least on the sheaths and bracts,
the former ciliate and _often with abruptly spreading foliaceous
borders_; leaves rather narrow (2--7' long), on very short petioles;
_flowers and fruit as in n. 9._--N. Eng. and N. Y., to Minn., Iowa, and
far westward. When growing in water the floating leaves are thicker and
glabrous.
12. P. Careyi, Olney. Annual, erect, the stem (3--5 deg. high) and peduncles
_glandular-bristly; leaves narrowly lanceolate_, attenuate to both ends,
roughish; sheaths ciliate or sometimes margined; spikes slender, loose
and nodding; flowers purplish; _stamens mostly_ 5.--Shady swamps, S.
Maine and N. H. to Penn. and Ont.