commonly 16 in the sterile flowers, and 8 in the fertile, in the latter
imperfect. Berry large, globular, surrounded at base by the thickish
calyx, 4--8-celled, 4--8-seeded.--Flowers dioeciously polygamous, the
fertile axillary and solitary, the sterile smaller and often clustered.
(Name, [Greek: Dio/s], _of Jove_, and [Greek: puro/s], _grain_.)
1. D. Virginiana, L. (COMMON PERSIMMON.) Leaves thickish, ovate-oblong,
smooth or nearly so; peduncles very short; calyx 4-parted; corolla pale
yellow, thickish, between bell-shaped and urn-shaped, 6--8'' long in the
fertile flowers, much smaller in the sterile; styles 4, two-lobed at the
apex; ovary 8-celled.--Woods and old fields, R. I. and N. Y. to Iowa,
and south to Fla. and La. June.--Tree 20--70 deg. high, with very hard
blackish wood; plum-like fruit 1' in diameter, exceedingly astringent
when green, yellow when ripe, and sweet and edible after exposure to
frost.
ORDER 64. STYRACACEAE. (STORAX FAMILY.)
_Shrubs or trees, with alternate simple leaves destitute of stipules,
and perfect regular flowers; the calyx either free or adherent to the
2--5-celled ovary; the corolla of 4--8 petals, commonly more or less
united at base; the stamens twice as many as the petals or more
numerous, monadelphous or polyadelphous at base; style 1; fruit dry or
drupe-like, 1--5-celled, the cells commonly 1-seeded._--Seeds
anatropous. Embryo nearly the length of the albumen; radicle slender, as
long as or longer than the flat cotyledons. Corolla hypogynous when the
calyx is free; the stamens adherent to its base. Ovules 2 or more in
each cell.--A small family, mostly of warm countries, comprising two
very distinct tribes.
Tribe I. STYRACEAE. Calyx 4--8-toothed or entire. Stamens 2--4 times as
many as the petals, in one series; anthers linear or oblong, adnate,
introrse. Cotyledons flat.--Flowers white, handsome. Pubescence soft and
stellate.
1. Styrax. Calyx coherent only with the base of the 3-celled ovary.
Corolla mostly 5-parted. Fruit 1-celled, 1-seeded.
2. Halesia. Calyx coherent with the whole surface of the 2--4-celled
ovary, which is 2--4-winged and 2--4-celled in fruit. Corolla 4-lobed.
Tribe II. SYMPLOCINEAE. Calyx 5-cleft, imbricate. Stamens in several
series; anthers short, innate. Embryo terete. Flowers yellow. Pubescence
simple.
3. Symplocos. Calyx coherent. Petals 5, united merely at the base.
1. STYRAX, Tourn. STORAX.
Calyx truncate, somewhat 5-toothed, the base (in our species) coherent
with the base of the 3-celled many-ovuled ovary. Corolla 5-parted
(rarely 4--8-parted), large, the lobes mostly soft-downy. Stamens twice
as many as the lobes of the corolla; filaments flat, united at the base
into a short tube; anthers linear, adnate. Fruit globular, its base
surrounded by the persistent calyx, 1-celled, mostly 1-seeded, dry,
often 3-valved. Seed globular, erect, with a hard coat.--Shrubs or small
trees, with commonly deciduous leaves, and axillary or leafy-racemed
white and showy flowers on drooping peduncles; produced in spring.
Pubescence scurfy or stellate. (The ancient Greek name of the tree which
produces _storax_.)
1. S. grandifolia, Ait. Shrub 4--12 deg. high; leaves obovate, acute or
pointed, _white-tomentose beneath_ (3--6' long); _flowers mostly in
elongated racemes_; corolla ({1/3}' long) convolute-imbricated in
bud.--Woods, S. Va. to Fla.
2. S. pulverulenta, Michx. Shrub 1--4 deg. high; leaves oval or obovate (1
or 2' long), _above sparingly puberulent, and scurfy-tomentose beneath;
flowers_ (1/2' long) _1--3 together in the axils_ and at the tips of the
branches, fragrant.--Low pine barrens, S. Va. to Fla. and Tex.
3. S. Americana, Lam. Shrub 4--8 deg. high; leaves oblong, acute at both
ends (1--3' long), _smooth, or barely pulverulent beneath; flowers
axillary or in 3--4-flowered racemes_ (1/2' long); corolla valvate in the
bud.--Along streams, Va. to Fla., La., and Ark.
2. HALESIA, Ellis. SNOWDROP or SILVER-BELL-TREE.
Calyx inversely conical, 4-toothed; the tube 4-ribbed, coherent with the
2--4-celled ovary. Petals 4, united at base, or oftener to the middle,
into an open bell-shaped corolla, convolute or imbricated in the bud.
Stamens 8--16; filaments united into a ring at base, and usually a
little coherent with the base of the corolla; anthers linear-oblong.
Ovules 4 in each cell. Fruit large and dry, 2--4-winged, within bony and
1--4-celled. Seeds single, cylindrical.--Shrubs or small trees, with
large and veiny pointed deciduous leaves, and showy white flowers,
drooping on slender pedicels, in clusters or short racemes, from
axillary buds of the preceding year. Pubescence partly stellate. (Named
for _Stephen Hales_, author of Vegetable Statics, &c.)
1. H. tetraptera, L. Leaves oblong-ovate; fruit 4-winged, 11/2'
long.--Banks of streams, W. Va. to Ill., south to Fla.
3. SYMPLOCOS, Jacq. SWEET-LEAF.
Calyx 5-cleft, the tube coherent with the lower part of the 3-celled
ovary. Petals 5, imbricated in the bud, lightly united at base. Stamens
very numerous, in 5 clusters, one cohering with the base of each petal;
filaments slender; anthers very short. Fruit drupe-like or dry, mostly
1-celled and 1-seeded.--Shrubs or small trees, the leaves commonly
turning yellowish in drying, and furnishing a yellow dye. Flowers in
axillary clusters or racemes, yellow. (Name [Greek: sy/mplokos],
_connected_, from the union of the stamens.)
1. S. tinctoria, L'Her. (HORSE-SUGAR, &c.) Leaves elongated-oblong,
acute, obscurely toothed, thickish, almost persistent, minutely
pubescent and pale beneath (3--5' long); flowers 6--14, in close and
bracted clusters, odorous.--Rich ground, Del. to Fla. and La.
April.--Leaves sweet, greedily eaten by cattle.
ORDER 65. OLEACEAE. (OLIVE FAMILY.)
_Trees or shrubs, with opposite and pinnate or simple leaves, a 4-cleft
(or sometimes obsolete) calyx, a regular 4-cleft or nearly or quite
4-petalous corolla, sometimes apetalous; the stamens only 2 (rarely or
accidentally 3 or 4); the ovary 2-celled, with 2 (rarely more) ovules in
each cell._--Seeds anatropous, with a large straight embryo in hard
fleshy albumen, or without albumen.--The Olive is the type of the true
Oleaceae, to which belongs the Lilac (_Syringa_), etc.; and the Jessamine
(_Jasminum_) represents another division of the order.
Tribe I. FRAXINEAE. Fruit dry, indehisccnt, winged, a samara. Leaves
pinnate.
1. Fraxinus. Flowers dioecious, mostly apetalous, sometimes also without
calyx.
Tribe II. OLEINEAE. Fruit, a drupe, or rarely a berry. Leaves simple.
2. Forestiera. Flowers apetalous, dioecious or polygamous, from a scaly
catkin-like bud. Stamens 2--4.
3. Chionanthus. Flowers complete, sometimes polygamous. Calyx and
corolla 4-merous, the latter with long and linear divisions.
4. Ligustrum. Corolla funnel-form, 4-cleft, the tube longer than the
calyx.
1. FRAXINUS, Tourn. ASH.
Flowers polygamous or (in our species) dioecious. Calyx small and
4-cleft, toothed, or entire, or obsolete. Petals 4, or altogether
wanting in our species. Stamens 2, sometimes 3 or 4; anthers linear or
oblong, large. Style single; stigma 2-cleft. Fruit a 1--2-celled samara
or _key-fruit_, flattened, winged at the apex, 1--2-seeded. Cotyledons
elliptical; radicle slender.--Light timber-trees, with petioled pinnate
leaves of 3--15 either toothed or entire leaflets; the small flowers in
crowded panicles or racemes from the axils of last year's leaves. (The
classical Latin name.)
[*] _Leaflets petiolulate; anthers linear-oblong; calyx small,
persistent._
[+] _Fruit winged only at the upper part of the terete or nearly terete
body._
1. F. Americana, L. (WHITE ASH.) _Branchlets and petioles glabrous_;
leaflets 7--9, ovate- or lance-oblong, pointed, pale and either smooth
or pubescent underneath, entire or sparingly serrate or denticulate;
_fruit_ (about 11/2' long) _marginless below, abruptly dilated into a
lanceolate, oblanceolate, or wedge-linear wing_ 2 or 3 times as long as
the terete cylindraceous body.--Rich or moist woods, common from the
Atlantic to Minn., E. Neb. and Kan. April, May.--A large and very
valuable forest tree, with gray furrowed bark, smooth gray branchlets
and rusty-colored buds. Monoecious flowers rarely occur.
[++][++] _Body of fruit more slender, tapering gradually from summit to
base, more or less margined upward by the decurrent wing._
2. F. pubescens, Lam. (RED ASH.) _Branchlets and petioles
velvety-pubescent_; leaflets 7--9, ovate or oblong-lanceolate,
taper-pointed, almost entire, pale or more or less pubescent beneath;
_fruit 11/2--2' long, the edges gradually dilated into the linear or
spatulate wing_.--Low grounds, throughout our range; rare west of
Ohio.--Tree of middle or large size; inner face of outer bark of the
branches red or cinnamon-color when fresh.
3. F. viridis, Michx. f. (GREEN ASH.) _Glabrous throughout; leaflets
5--9_, ovate or oblong-lanceolate, often wedge-shaped at the base and
serrate above, _bright green both sides; fruit_ much as in n. 2.--Along
streams; common.--Intermediate forms occur with paler leaves somewhat
pubescent beneath. A small or middle-sized tree.
[+][+] _Fruit with compressed and wing-margined body._
4. F. platycarpa, Michx. (WATER-ASH.) _Branchlets terete_, glabrous or
pubescent; leaflets 5--7, ovate or oblong, acute at both ends,
short-stalked; _fruit broadly winged_ (not rarely 3-winged), _oblong_
(9'' wide), _with a tapering base_.--Deep river-swamps, Va. to La.
March. Tree of middle size.
5. F. quadrangulata, Michx. (BLUE ASH.) _Branchlets square_, at least on
vigorous shoots, glabrous; leaflets 7--9, short-stalked, oblong-ovate or
lanceolate, pointed, sharply serrate, green both sides; _fruit narrowly
oblong, blunt, and of the same width at both ends_, or slightly narrowed
at the base, often notched at the apex (11/2' long, 3--4'' wide).--Dry or
moist rich woods, Ohio to Mich. and Minn., south to Tenn.--Large timber
tree, the inner bark yielding a blue color to water.
[*][*] _Lateral leaflets sessile; anthers short-oblong; flowers wholly
naked_.
6. F. sambucifolia, Lam. (BLACK ASH.) Branchlets and petioles glabrous;
leaflets 7--11, oblong-lanceolate, tapering to a point, serrate, obtuse
or rounded at the base, green and smooth both sides, when young with
some rusty hairs along the midrib; fruit linear-oblong or narrowly
elliptical, blunt at both ends.--Swamps and wet banks, N. Scotia to
Minn., south to Va. and Mo.--Small or middle-sized tree, with very tough
and fissile wood. Bruised foliage exhales the odor of Elder.
2. FORESTIERA, Poir.
Flowers dioecious, crowded in catkin-like scaly buds from the axils of
last year's leaves, imbricated with scales. Corolla none. Calyx of 4
minute sepals. Stamens 2--4; anthers oblong. Ovary ovate, 2-celled,
with 2 pendulous ovules in each cell; style slender; stigma somewhat
2-lobed. Drupe small, ovoid, 1-celled, 1-seeded.--Shrubs, with opposite
and often fascicled deciduous leaves and small flowers. Fertile
peduncles short, 1--3-flowered. (Named for _M. Forestier_, a French
physician.)
1. F. acuminata, Poir. Glabrous, somewhat spinescent, 5--10 deg. high;
leaves thin, oblong-ovate or ovate-lanceolate, acuminate at both ends,
often serrulate; drupe elongated-oblong, usually pointed.--Wet river
banks, S. W. Ind. to Mo., south to Tex. April.
3. CHIONANTHUS, L. FRINGE-TREE.
Calyx 4-parted, very small, persistent. Corolla of 4 long and linear
petals, which are barely united at base. Stamens 2 (rarely 3 or 4), on
the very base of the corolla, very short. Stigma notched. Drupe fleshy,
globular, becoming 1-celled, 1--3-seeded.--Low trees or shrubs, with
deciduous and entire petioled leaves, and delicate flowers in loose and
drooping graceful panicles, from lateral buds. (Name from [Greek:
chio/n], _snow_, and [Greek: a)/nthos], _blossom_, alluding to the light
and snow-white clusters of flowers.)
1. C. Virginica, L. Leaves oval, oblong, or obovate-lanceolate; flowers
on slender pedicels; petals 1' long, narrowly linear, acute, varying to
5 or 6 in number; drupe purple, with a bloom, ovoid (6--8''
long).--River banks, N. J. and S. Penn. to Fla., Tex., and Mo.; very
ornamental in cultivation. June.
4. LIGUSTRUM, Tourn. PRIVET.
Calyx short-tubular, 4-toothed, deciduous. Stamens 2, on the tube of the
corolla, included. Berry 2-celled, 1--2 seeded.--Shrubs, with entire
leaves and small white flowers in terminal panicles. (The classical
name.)
L. VULGARE, L. (PRIVET, or PRIM.) Leaves very smooth; berries
black.--Used for low hedges, and naturalized eastward; from Europe.
ORDER 66. APOCYNACEAE. (DOGBANE FAMILY.)
_Plants almost all with milky acrid juice, entire (chiefly opposite)
leaves without stipules, regular 5-merous and 5-androus flowers; the 5
lobes of the corolla convolute and twisted in the bud; the filaments
distinct, inserted on the corolla, and the pollen granular_; calyx free
from the two ovaries, which (in our genera) are distinct (forming
follicles), though their styles or stigmas are united into one.--Seeds
amphitropous or anatropous, with a large straight embryo in sparing
albumen, often bearing a tuft of down (comose).--Chiefly a tropical
family (of acrid-poisonous plants), represented in gardens by the
Oleander and Periwinkle.
1. Amsonia. Seeds naked. Corolla-tube bearded inside. Anthers longer
than the filaments. Leaves alternate.
2. Trachelospermum. Seeds comose. Corolla funnel-form, not appendaged.
Filaments slender. Calyx glandular inside. Leaves opposite.
3. Apocynum. Seeds comose. Corolla bell-shaped, appendaged within.
Filaments short, broad and flat. Calyx not glandular. Leaves opposite.
1. AMSONIA, Walt.
Calyx 5-parted, small. Corolla with a narrow funnel-form tube bearded
inside, especially at the throat; the limb divided into 5 long linear
lobes. Stamens 5, inserted on the tube, included; anthers obtuse at
both ends, longer than the filaments. Ovaries 2; style 1; stigma
rounded, surrounded with a cup-like membrane. Pod (follicles) 2, long
and slender, many-seeded. Seeds cylindrical, abrupt at both ends, packed
in one row, naked.--Perennial herbs, with _alternate leaves_, and pale
blue flowers in terminal panicled cymes. (Said to be named for a _Mr.
Charles Amson_.)
1. A. Tabernaemontana, Walt. Loosely pubescent or hairy when young, soon
glabrous; leaves from ovate-lanceolate to linear-lanceolate,
taper-pointed; calyx-lobes short, awl-shaped; tube of the bluish corolla
little longer than the lobes, the upper part either hairy when young or
glabrous.--Low grounds, N. C. to S. Ind. and Mo., south to Fla. and Tex.
May, June.
2. TRACHELOSPERMUM, Lemaire.
Calyx 5-parted, with 3--5 glands at its base inside. Corolla
funnel-form, not appendaged; limb 5-lobed. Stamens 5, included;
filaments slender; anthers arrow-shaped, with an inflexed tip. Pods
(follicles) 2, slender, many-seeded. Seeds oblong, with a tuft of
down.--Twining plants, more or less woody, with opposite leaves and
small flowers in cymes. (Name from [Greek: tra/xelos], _a neck_, and
[Greek: spe/rma], _seed_, upon the supposition that the seed was
beaked.)
1. T. difforme, Gray. Nearly herbaceous and glabrous; leaves
oval-lanceolate, pointed, thin; calyx-lobes taper-pointed; corolla pale
yellow. (Forsteronia difformis, _A. DC._)--Damp grounds, Va. to Fla. and
Tex. April.
3. APOCYNUM, Tourn. DOGBANE. INDIAN HEMP.
Calyx 5-parted, the lobes acute. Corolla bell-shaped, 5-cleft, bearing 5
triangular appendages below the throat opposite the lobes. Stamens 5, on
the very base of the corolla; filaments flat, shorter than the arrow
shaped anthers, which converge around the stigma, and are slightly
adherent to it. Style none; stigma large, ovoid, slightly 2-lobed. Fruit
of 2 long (2--7') and slender follicles. Seeds comose, with a tuft of
long silky down at the apex.--Perennial herbs, with upright branching
stems, opposite mucronate-pointed leaves, a tough fibrous bark, and
small and pale cymose flowers on short pedicels. (Ancient name of the
Dogbane, composed of [Greek: a)po/], _from_, and [Greek: ky/on], _a
dog_.)
1. A. androsaemifolium, L. (SPREADING DOGBANE.) Smooth, or rarely
soft-tomentose, branched above; _branches divergently forking; leaves
ovate, distinctly petioled; cymes loose, spreading_, mostly longer than
the leaves; _corolla_ (pale rose-color, 4'' broad) _open-bell-shaped,
with revolute lobes, the tube much longer than the ovate pointed
divisions of the calyx_.--Borders of thickets; common. June, July.
2. A. cannabinum, L. (INDIAN HEMP.) Glabrous or more or less
soft-pubescent; stem and branches _upright or ascending_ (2--3 deg. high),
terminated by _erect and close many-flowered cymes_, which are usually
shorter than the leaves; leaves from oval to oblong and even lanceolate,
short-petioled or sessile, with rounded or obscurely cordate base;
_corolla_ (greenish-white) _with nearly erect lobes, the tube not longer
than the lanceolate divisions of the calyx_.--Moist grounds and banks of
streams; common. Very variable. July, Aug.
ORDER 67. ASCLEPIADACEAE. (MILKWEED FAMILY.)
_Plants with milky juice, and opposite or whorled (rarely scattered)
entire leaves; the follicular pods, seeds, anthers (connected with the
stigma), sensible properties, etc., just as in the last family, from
which they differ in the commonly valvate corolla, and in the singular
connection of the anthers with the stigma, the cohesion of the pollen
into wax-like or granular masses_ (pollinia), etc., as explained under
the typical genus Asclepias.
PERIPLOCA GRAECA, L., a woody climbing plant of the Old World, in
ornamental cultivation, and in one or two places inclined to be
spontaneous, represents a tribe with granulose pollen loosely aggregated
in two masses in each anther-cell. It has a brownish rotate corolla,
very hairy within, and with 5 awned scales in the throat.
Tribe I. CYNANCHEAE. Anthers tipped with an inflexed or sometimes erect
scarious membrane, the cells lower than the top of the stigma; pollinia
suspended.
[*] Stems erect or merely decumbent.
1. Asclepiodora. Corolla rotate, merely spreading. Crown of 5 hooded
fleshy bodies, with a salient crest in each. Leaves alternate.
2. Asclepias. Corolla reflexed, deeply 5-parted. Crown as in n. 1, but
with an incurved horn rising from the cavity of each hood. Leaves
usually opposite.
3. Acerates. Corolla reflexed or merely spreading. Crown as in n. 1, but
with neither crest nor horn inside. Leaves mainly alternate.
[*][*] Stems twining. Leaves mostly opposite.
4. Enslenia. Corolla erect. Crown of 5 membranaceous flat bodies,
terminated by a 2-cleft tail or awn.
5. Vincetoxicum. Corolla rotate, spreading. Crown a fleshy 5--10-lobed
ring or disk.
Tribe II. GONOLOBEAE. Anthers with short if any scarious tip, borne on
the margin of or close under the disk of the stigma; pollinia
horizontal.
6. Gonolobus. Corolla rotate. Crown a wavy-lobed fleshy ring. Stems
twining.
1. ASCLEPIODORA, Gray.
Nearly as in Asclepias, but the corolla-lobes ascending or spreading,
and the hoods destitute of a horn, widely spreading and somewhat
incurved, slipper-shaped and laterally compressed, the cavity divided at
the apex by a crest-like partition.--Umbels solitary and terminal or
corymbed, loosely-flowered. Follicles oblong or ovate, often somewhat
muricate with soft spinous projections. ([Greek: A)sklepio/s] and
[Greek: do~ron] or [Greek: dorea/], _the gift of AEsculapius_.)
1. A. viridis, Gray. Almost glabrous; stems short (1 deg. high); leaves
alternate, short-petioled, ovate-oblong to lanceolate, 1--2' wide;
umbels several in a cluster, short-peduncled; flowers large (1' in
diameter), green, with a purplish crown. (Acerates paniculata,
_Decaisne_.)--Prairies, Ill. to Tex. and S. Car. June.
2. ASCLEPIAS, L. MILKWEED. SILKWEED.
Calyx 5-parted, persistent; the divisions small, reflexed. Corolla
deeply 5-parted, the divisions valvate in the bud, reflexed, deciduous.
_Crown_ of 5 hooded bodies seated on the tube of stamens, each
containing an incurved horn. Stamens 5, inserted on the base of the
corolla; filaments united in a tube which encloses the pistil, anthers
adherent to the stigma, each with 2 vertical cells, tipped with a
membranaceous appendage, each cell containing a flattened pear-shaped
and waxy pollen-mass; the two contiguous pollen-masses of adjacent
anthers, forming pairs which hang by a slender prolongation of their
summits from 5 cloven glands that grow on the angles of the stigma
(extricated from the cells by insects, and directing copious
pollen-tubes into the point where the stigma joins the apex of the
style). Ovaries 2, tapering into very short styles; the large depressed
5-angled fleshy stigmatic disk common to the two. Follicles 2, one of
them often abortive, soft, ovate or lanceolate. Seeds anatropous, flat,
margined, bearing a tuft of long silky hairs (_coma_) at the hilum,
downwardly imbricated all over the large placenta, which separates from
the suture at maturity. Embryo large, with broad foliaceous cotyledons
in thin albumen.--Perennial upright herbs, with thick and deep roots;
peduncles terminal or lateral and between the usually opposite petioles,
bearing simple many-flowered umbels, in summer. (The Greek name of
_AEsculapius_, to whom the genus is dedicated.)
Sec. 1. _Corneous anther-wings broadest and usually angulate-truncate and
salient at base; horn conspicuous._
[*] _Flowers orange-color; leaves mostly scattered; juice not milky._
1. A. tuberosa, L. (BUTTERFLY-WEED. PLEURISY-ROOT.) Roughish-hairy
(1--2 deg. high); stems erect or ascending, very leafy, branching at the
summit, and bearing usually numerous umbels in a terminal corymb; leaves
from linear to oblong-lanceolate, sessile or slightly petioled;
divisions of the corolla oblong (greenish-orange); hoods narrowly
oblong, bright orange, scarcely longer than the nearly erect and slender
awl-shaped horns; pods hoary, erect on deflexed pedicels.--Dry fields,
common, especially southward.--Var. DECUMBENS, Pursh. Stems reclining;
leaves broader and more commonly opposite, and umbels from most of the
upper axils.--Ohio to Ga., etc.
[*][*] _Corolla bright red or purple; follicles naked, fusiform, erect
on the deflexed pedicels_ (except in n. 5); _leaves opposite, mostly
broad_.
[+] _Flowers rather large; hoods about 3'' long and exceeding the
anthers; leaves transversely veined._
2. A. paupercula, Michx. Glabrous; stem slender (2--4 deg. high); leaves
elongated-lanceolate or linear (5--10' long), tapering to both ends,
slightly petioled, _umbels 5--12-flowered_; divisions of the red corolla
narrowly oblong; the _bright orange hoods_ broadly oblong, obtuse, much
exceeding the incurved horn.--Wet pine-barrens on the coast, N. J. to
Fla. and Tex.
3. A. rubra, L. _Glabrous; leaves ovate or lanceolate and tapering from
a rounded or heart-shaped base_ to a very acute point, sessile or nearly
so (2--6' long, 1/2--21/2' wide), bright green; umbels many-flowered;
divisions of the corolla and hoods _oblong-lanceolate, purple-red; the
horn long and slender, straightish_.--Wet pine-barrens, etc., N. J. and
Penn. to Fla., La., and Mo.
4. A. purpurascens, L. (PURPLE M.) Stem rather slender (1--3 deg. high);
_leaves elliptical or ovate-oblong_, the upper taper-pointed, _minutely
velvety-downy underneath_, smooth above, _contracted at base into a
short petiole; pedicels_ shorter than the peduncle, _3--4 times the
length of the dark purple lanceolate-ovate divisions of the corolla_;
hoods oblong, abruptly narrowed above; _the horn broadly scythe-shaped,
with a narrow and abruptly inflexed horizontal point_.--Dry ground,
N. Eng. to Minn., Tenn., and southward.--Flowers 6'' long.