lanceolate, rather bluntly or shortly repand-dentate; _flowers half as
large as in the last; calyx not bracteate; outer filaments narrowly
dilated_, sterile; _capsule about 1' long; seeds plainly
winged_.--Plains of Dak. to central Kan. and Tex.
ORDER 44. PASSIFLORACEAE. (PASSION-FLOWER FAMILY.)
_Herbs or woody plants, climbing by tendrils, with perfect flowers, 5
monadelphous stamens, and a stalked 1-celled ovary free from the calyx,
with 3 or 4 parietal placentae, and as many club-shaped styles._
1. PASSIFLORA, L. PASSION-FLOWER.
Calyx of 5 sepals united at the base into a short cup, imbricated in the
bud, usually colored like the petals, at least within; the throat
crowned with a double or triple fringe. Petals 5, on the throat of the
calyx. Stamens 5; filaments united in a tube which sheathes the long
stalk of the ovary, separate above; anthers large, fixed by the middle.
Berry (often edible) many-seeded; the anatropous albuminous seeds
invested by a pulpy covering. Seed-coat brittle, grooved.--Leaves
alternate, generally palmately lobed, with stipules. Peduncles axillary,
jointed. Ours are perennial herbs. (An adaptation of _flos passionis_, a
translation of _fior della passione_, the popular Italian name early
applied to the flower from a fancied resemblance of its parts to the
implements of the crucifixion.)
1. P. lutea, L. Smooth, slender; _leaves obtusely 3-lobed at the summit,
the lobes entire_; petioles glandless; flowers greenish-yellow (1'
broad); fruit 1/2' in diameter.--Damp thickets, S. Penn. to Fla., west to
Ill., Mo., and La.
2. P. incarnata, L. Pubescent; _leaves 3--5-cleft, the lobes serrate_,
the base bearing 2 glands; flower large (2' broad), nearly white, with a
triple purple and flesh-colored crown; involucre 3-leaved; fruit as
large as a hen's egg.--Dry soil, Va. to Fla., west to Mo. and Ark. Fruit
called _maypops_.
ORDER 45. CUCURBITACEAE. (GOURD FAMILY.)
_Mostly succulent herbs with tendrils, dioecious or monoecious (often
gamopetalous) flowers, the calyx-tube cohering with the 1--3-celled
ovary, and the 5 or usually 21/2 stamens_ (i.e., 1 with a 1-celled and 2
with 2-celled anthers) _commonly united by their often tortuous anthers,
and sometimes also by the filaments. Fruit_ (pepo) _fleshy, or sometimes
membranaceous_.--Limb of the calyx and corolla usually more or less
combined. Stigmas 2 or 3. Seeds large, usually flat, anatropous, with
no albumen. Cotyledons leaf-like. Leaves alternate, palmately lobed or
veined.--Mostly a tropical or subtropical order; represented in
cultivation by the GOURD (LAGENARIA VULGARIS), PUMPKIN and SQUASH
(species of CUCURBITA), MUSKMELON (CUCUMIS MELO), CUCUMBER (C. SATIVUS),
and WATERMELON (CITRULLUS VULGARIS).
[*] Fruit prickly. Seeds few, erect or pendulous. Flowers white. Annual.
[+] Ovary 1-celled. Seed solitary, pendulous.
1. Sicyos. Corolla of the sterile flowers flat and spreading, 5-lobed.
Fruit indehiscent.
[+][+] Ovary 2--3-celled. Seeds few, erect or ascending.
2. Echinocystis. Corolla of the sterile flowers flat and spreading,
6-parted. Anthers 3. Fruit bladdery, 2-celled, 4-seeded, bursting at
the top.
3. Cyclanthera. Corolla 5-parted. Anther 1, annular. Fruit oblique and
gibbous.
[*][*] Fruit smooth. Seeds numerous, horizontal, attached to the 3--5
parietal placentae. Perennial.
4. Melothria. Flowers small, greenish; corolla 5-parted. Slender,
climbing. Fruit small.
5. Cucurbita. Flowers large, yellow, tubular-campanulate. Prostrate.
Fruit large.
1. SICYOS, L. ONE-SEEDED BUR-CUCUMBER.
Flowers monoecious. Petals 5, united below into a bell-shaped or
flattish corolla. Anthers cohering in a mass. Ovary 1-celled, with a
single suspended ovule; style slender; stigmas 3. Fruit ovate, dry and
indehiscent, filled by the single seed, covered with barbed prickly
bristles which are readily detached.--Climbing annuals, with 3-forked
tendrils, and small whitish flowers; the sterile and fertile mostly from
the same axils, the former corymbed, the latter in a capitate cluster,
long-peduncled. (Greek name for the Cucumber.)
1. S. angulatus, L. Leaves roundish heart-shaped, 5-angled or lobed, the
lobes pointed; plant clammy-hairy.--River-banks, and a weed in damp
yards, N. H. and Quebec to Fla., west to Minn., E. Kan., and Tex.
July--Sept.
2. ECHINOCYSTIS, Torr. & Gray. WILD BALSAM-APPLE.
Flowers monoecious. Petals 6, lanceolate, united at the base into an
open spreading corolla. Anthers more or less united. Ovary 2-celled,
with 2 erect ovules in each cell; stigma broad. Fruit fleshy, at length
dry, clothed with weak prickles, bursting at the summit, 2-celled,
4-seeded, the inner part fibrous-netted. Seeds large, flat, with a
thickish hard and roughened coat.--Tall climbing annual, nearly smooth,
with 3-forked tendrils, thin leaves, and very numerous small
greenish-white flowers; the sterile in compound racemes often 1 deg. long,
the fertile in small clusters or solitary, from the same axils. (Name
composed of [Greek: e)chi nos], _a hedgehog_, and [Greek: ky/stis], _a
bladder_, from the prickly fruit.)
1. E. lobata, Torr. & Gray. Leaves deeply and sharply 5-lobed; fruit
oval (2' long); seeds dark-colored.--Rich soil along rivers, W. New Eng.
and Penn. to Minn., E. Kan., and Tex. Also cult. for arbors. July--Oct.
3. CYCLANTHERA, Schrad.
Flowers monoecious. Corolla rotate, deeply 5-parted. Stamens united into
a central column, the anther solitary in our species and annular. Ovary
(1--3-) usually 2-celled and 4-locellate with 4 erect or ascending
ovules. Fruit spiny, obliquely ovoid and gibbous, beaked, bursting
irregularly. Seeds flattened.--Slender glabrous climbing annuals or
perennials, with very small racemose or panicled white sterile flowers
and a solitary fertile one in the same axil. (Name from [Greek:
ky/klos], _a circle_, and [Greek: a)nthe/ra], _anther_.)
1. C. dissecta, Arn. Annual; leaves digitately 3--7-foliolate, the
oblong divisions somewhat lobed or toothed; tendrils simple or bifid;
fruit 1' long, on a short peduncle.--Central Kan. to Tex. and Mex.
4. MELOTHRIA, L.
Flowers polygamous or monoecious; the sterile campanulate, the corolla
5-lobed; the fertile with the calyx-tube constricted above the ovary,
then campanulate. Anthers more or less united. Berry small, pulpy,
filled with many flat and horizontal seeds.--Tendrils simple. Flowers
very small. (Altered from [Greek: me/lothron], an ancient name for a
sort of white grape.)
1. M. pendula, L. Slender, from a perennial root, climbing; leaves
small, roundish and heart-shaped, 5-angled or lobed, roughish; sterile
flowers few in small racemes; the fertile solitary, greenish or
yellowish; berry oval, green, 4--6'' long.--Copses, Va. to Fla., west to
S. Ind. and La.
5. CUCURBITA, L.
Flowers monoecious, mostly solitary. Calyx-tube campanulate; corolla
campanulate, 5-lobed to the middle. Filaments distinct; anthers linear,
united, sigmoid. Ovary oblong, with short thick style, 3--5 2-lobed
stigmas, and 3--5 parietal placentas; ovules numerous, horizontal. Fruit
smooth, fleshy with a hard rind, indehiscent.--Prostrate scabrous vines,
rooting at the joints, with large yellow flowers and large fruit. (The
Latin name for the Gourd.)
1. C. foetidissima, HBK. Root very large, fusiform; leaves thick,
triangular-cordate; flowers 3--4' long; fruit globose or obovoid, 2--3'
in diameter. (C. perennis, _Gray_.)--Central Neb. to Tex., and
westward.
ORDER 46. CACTACEAE. (CACTUS FAMILY.)
_Fleshy and thickened mostly leafless plants, of peculiar aspect,
globular or columnar and many-angled, or flattened and jointed, usually
with prickles. Flowers solitary, sessile; the sepals and petals
numerous, imbricated_ in several rows, the bases adherent to the
1-celled ovary.--Stamens numerous, with long and slender filaments,
inserted on the inside of the tube or cup formed by the union of the
sepals and petals. Style 1; stigmas numerous. Fruit a 1-celled berry,
with numerous campylotropous seeds on several parietal placentae.
1. Mamillaria. Globose or oval plants, covered with spine-bearing
tubercles. Flowers from between the tubercles. Ovary naked; berry
succulent.
2. Opuntia. Branching or jointed plants; the joints flattened or
cylindrical.
1. MAMILLARIA. Haw.
Flowers about as long as wide, the tube campanulate or funnel-shaped.
Ovary often hidden between the bases of the tubercles, naked, the
succulent berry exserted. Seeds yellowish-brown to black,
crustaceous.--Globose or oval plants, covered with spine-bearing
cylindrical, oval, or conical tubercles, the flowers from distinct
woolly or bristly areoles at their base. (Name from _mamilla_, a nipple,
referring to the tubercles.)
1. M. vivipara, Haw. Simple or cespitose, 1--5' high, the almost terete
tubercles bearing bundles of 5--8 reddish-brown spines (10'' long or
less), surrounded by 15--20 grayish ones in a single series, all
straight and very rigid; flowers purple, with lance-subulate petals and
fringed sepals; berry oval, green; seeds pitted, light brown.--Plains of
Dak. to Kan., and westward.
2. M. Missouriensis, Sweet. Smaller, globose, with fewer (10--20) weaker
ash-colored spines; flowers yellow, 1--2' broad; berry subglobose,
scarlet; seeds few, black, pitted. (M. Nuttallii, _Engelm._)--S. Dak. to
central Kan., Tex., and westward.
2. OPUNTIA, Tourn. PRICKLY PEAR. INDIAN FIG.
Sepals and petals not united into a prolonged tube, spreading, regular,
the inner roundish. Berry often prickly. Seeds flat and margined,
covered with a white bony arillus. Embryo coiled around albumen;
cotyledons large, foliaceous in germination.--Stem composed of joints
(flattened in ours), bearing very small awl-shaped and usually deciduous
leaves arranged in a spiral order, with clusters of barbed bristles and
often spines also in their axils. Flowers in our species yellow, opening
in sunshine for more than one day. (A name of Theophrastus, originally
belonging to some different plant.)
[*] _Spines small or none; fruit pulpy._
1. O. vulgaris, Mill. Prostrate or spreading, _light green_; joints
broadly obovate (2--4' long); _leaves minute_ (2--21/2'' long),
ovate-subulate, _generally appressed_, bristles short, greenish yellow,
rarely with a few small spines; flowers pale yellow (_about 2' broad),
with about 8 petals_; fruit 1' long.--Sandy fields and dry rocks,
Nantucket to S. C., near the coast; Falls of the Potomac.
2. O. Rafinesquii, Engelm. Prostrate, _deep green_; joints broadly
obovate or orbicular (3--5' long); _leaves_ (3--4'' long), _spreading_;
bristles bright red-brown, with a few small spines and a single strong
one (9--12'' long) or none; flowers yellow (_21/2--31/2' broad), sometimes
with a reddish centre; petals 10--12_; fruit 11/2' long, with an
attenuated base.--Sterile soil, Nantucket and southward along the coast
to Fla., and in the Mississippi valley, from Mich. to Minn., and south
to Ky. and Ark.
[*][*] _Very spiny, fruit dry and prickly._
3. O. Missouriensis, DC. Prostrate, _joints_ light green, _broadly
obovate, flat and tuberculate_ (2--6' long), leaves small (11/2--2''
long); _their axils armed with a tuft of straw-colored bristles and
5--10 slender radiating spines_ (1--2' long); flowers light yellow
(2--3' broad), fruit with spines of variable length.--Wisc. to Mo.,
westward across the plains, very variable.
4. O. fragilis, Haw. Subdecumbent; _joints small_ (1--2' long or less),
_ovate, compressed or tumid, or even terete_; leaves hardly 1'' long,
red; _bristles few, larger spines 1--4, cruciate, with 4--6 smaller
white radiating ones below_; flowers yellow.--Minn. to Iowa and Kan.,
and westward.
ORDER 47. FICOIDEAE.
A miscellaneous group, _chiefly of fleshy or succulent plants, with
mostly opposite leaves and no stipules_. Differing from Caryophyllaceae
and Portulacaceae by having the ovary and capsule 2--several-celled, and
the stamens and petals sometimes numerous, as in Cactaceae (but the
latter wanting in most of the genera), seeds, as in all these orders,
with the slender embryo curved about mealy albumen. Our genera are
apetalous and with the calyx free from the ovary.
1. Sesuvium. Calyx-lobes 5, petaloid. Stamens 5--60. Capsule
circumscissile. Succulent.
2. Mollugo. Sepals 5. Stamens 3 or 5. Capsule 3-valved. Not succulent.
1. SESUVIUM, L. SEA PURSLANE.
Calyx 5-parted, purplish inside, persistent, free. Petals none. Stamens
5--60, inserted on the calyx. Styles 3--5, separate. Pod 3--5-celled,
many-seeded, circumscissile, the upper part falling off as a
lid.--Usually prostrate maritime herbs, with succulent stems, opposite
leaves, and axillary or terminal flowers. (An unexplained name.)
1. S. pentandrum, Ell. Annual, procumbent or sometimes erect; leaves
oblong- to obovate-spatulate, obtuse; flowers sessile, stamens 5. (S.
Portulacastrum, _Gray_, Manual, not _L._)--Sea coast, N. J. to Fla.
2. MOLLUGO, L. INDIAN-CHICKWEED.
Sepals 5, white inside. Stamens hypogynous, 5 and alternate with the
sepals, or 3 and alternate with the 3 cells of the ovary. Stigmas 3.
Capsule 3-celled, 3-valved, loculicidal, the partitions breaking away
from the many-seeded axis.--Low homely annuals, much branched, the
stipules obsolete. (An old Latin name for some soft plant.)
M. VERTICILLATA, L. (CARPET-WEED.) Prostrate, forming patches; leaves
spatulate, clustered in whorls at the joints, where the 1-flowered
pedicels form a sort of sessile umbel, stamens usually 3.--Sandy
river-banks, and cultivated grounds. June--Sept. (An immigrant from
farther south.)
ORDER 48. UMBELLIFERAE. (PARSLEY FAMILY.)
_Herbs, with small flowers in umbels (or rarely in heads), the calyx
entirely adhering to the 2-celled and 2-ovuled ovary, the 5 petals and 5
stamens inserted on the disk that crowns the ovary and surrounds the
base of the 2 styles. Fruit consisting of 2 seed-like dry carpels._ Limb
of the calyx obsolete, or a mere 5-toothed border. Petals either
imbricated in the bud or valvate with the point inflexed. The two
carpels (called _mericarps_) cohering by their inner face (the
_commissure_), when ripe separating from each other and usually
suspended from the summit of a slender prolongation of the axis
(_carpophore_); each carpel marked lengthwise with _5 primary ribs_, and
often with 4 intermediate (_secondary_) ones; in the _interstices_ or
_intervals_ between them are commonly lodged the oil-tubes (_vittae_),
which are longitudinal canals in the substance of the fruit, containing
aromatic oil. (These are best seen in slices made across the fruit.)
Seed suspended from the summit of the cell, anatropous, with a minute
embryo in hard albumen.--Stems usually hollow. Leaves alternate, mostly
compound, the petioles expanded or sheathing at base, rarely with true
stipules. Umbels usually compound, in which case the secondary ones are
termed _umbellets_; the whorl of bracts which often subtends the general
umbel is the _involucre_, and those of the umbellets the _involucels_.
The base of the styles is frequently thickened and cushion-like, and
called the _stylopodium_. In many the flowers are _dichogamous_, i.e.
the styles are protruded from the bud some time before the anthers
develop,--an arrangement for cross-fertilization.--A large family, some
of the plants innocent and aromatic, others with very poisonous
(acrid-narcotic) properties. The flowers are much alike in all, and the
fruits, inflorescence, etc., likewise exhibit comparatively small
diversity. The family is consequently difficult for the young student.
I. Fruit with the secondary ribs the most prominent, winged and armed
with barbed or hooked prickles, the primary ribs filiform and bristly.
1. Daucus. Calyx-teeth obsolete. Fruit flattened dorsally. Seed-face
flat.
2. Caucalis. Calyx-teeth prominent. Fruit flattened laterally. Seed-face
deeply sulcate.
II. Fruit with primary ribs only (hence but 3 dorsal ones on each
carpel).
[*] Fruit strongly flattened dorsally, with the lateral ribs prominently
winged.
[+] Caulescent branching plants, with white flowers.
[++] Lateral wings distinct; oil-tubes usually more than one in the
intervals.
3. Angelica. Stylopodium mostly depressed, but the disk prominent and
crenulate. Dorsal ribs strong. Stout perennials, with mostly coarsely
divided leaves.
4. Conioselinum. Stylopodium slightly conical. Dorsal ribs prominent.
Tall slender glabrous perennial; leaves thin, finely pinnately compound.
[++][++] Lateral wings closely contiguous; oil-tubes solitary;
stylopodium thick-conical.
5. Tiedemannia. Dorsal ribs apparently 5, filiform. Smooth swamp herbs
with leaves few or reduced to hollow cylindrical petioles.
6. Heracleum. Dorsal ribs filiform, the broad wings with a marginal
nerve. Oil-tubes obclavate. Petals conspicuous. Tall stout perennials,
with large leaves.
[+][+] Caulescent branching plants, with depressed stylopodium and
yellow flowers.
7. Pastinaca. Fruit with filiform dorsal ribs, thin wings, and solitary
oil-tubes.
8. Polytaenia. Fruit with a thick corky margin, obscure dorsal ribs, and
very numerous oil-tubes.
[+][+][+] Acaulescent or nearly so, with filiform dorsal ribs, thin
wings, and no stylopodium.
9. Peucedanum. Flowers white or yellow. Low western plants, of dry
ground, with thick roots and finely dissected leaves.
[*][*] Fruit not flattened either way or but slightly, neither prickly
nor scaly.
[+] Ribs all conspicuously winged; stylopodium depressed or wanting.
10. Cymopterus. Low and glabrous, mostly cespitose perennials, with
pinnately compound leaves and white flowers. Oil-tubes 1 to several.
Western.
11. Thaspium. Tall perennials, with ternately divided or simple leaves,
and yellow flowers (rarely purple). Oil-tubes solitary.
[+][+] Ribs all prominent and equal but not winged; flowers white.
12. Ligusticum. Ribs acute, with broad intervals. Stylopodium conical.
Oil-tubes numerous. Smooth perennials, with large compound leaves.
13. AEthusa. Ribs very broad and corky, acute. Stylopodium depressed.
Oil-tubes solitary. Introduced annual.
14. Coelopleurum. Ribs thick, corky (mostly obtuse). Oil-tubes solitary,
adherent to the seed, which is loose in the pericarp. Stout glabrous
sea-coast perennial.
[+][+][+] Dorsal ribs filiform, the lateral very thick and corky;
oil-tubes solitary.
15. Crantzia. Small glabrous creeping perennials, rooting in the mud,
with small simple umbels and leaves reduced to hollow cylindrical
jointed petioles.
[*][*][*] Fruit flattened laterally.
[+] Carpels depressed dorsally; fruit short.
[++] Seed-face flat; flowers mostly yellow.
16. Foeniculum. Ribs prominent. Oil-tubes solitary. Stout aromatic herb,
with filiform-dissected leaves.
17. Pimpinella. Ribs filiform. Oil-tubes numerous. Glabrous perennials,
with compound leaves.
[++][++] Seed-face concave; flowers white (yellow in n. 20); ribs
filiform or obsolete.
18. Eulophus. Oil-tubes numerous. Stylopodium conical. Glabrous
perennials from fascicled tubers, with pinnately compound leaves.
19. Anthriscus. Fruit linear, long-beaked, without ribs or oil-tubes,
and with conical stylopodium. Leaves ternately decompound.
20. Bupleurum. Fruit oblong, with slender ribs, no oil-tubes, and
prominent flat stylopodium. Leaves simple, perfoliate.
[+][+] Carpels terete or slightly flattened laterally; flowers white
(except n. 24).
[++] Seed-face flat (or somewhat concave in n. 28); fruit short.
[=] Leaves 3-foliolate; stylopodium conical; oil-tubes solitary.
21. Cryptotaenia. Ribs obtuse, equal; fruit linear-oblong.
[=][=] Leaves once pinnate; stylopodium depressed; oil-tubes numerous.
Aquatic perennials.
22. Sium. Fruit ovate to oblong; ribs prominent, corky, nearly equal.
23. Berula. Fruit nearly globose; ribs inconspicuous; pericarp thick and
corky.
[=][=][=] Leaves decompound. Oil-tubes solitary (none in n. 27).
Perennials.
24. Zizia. Ribs filiform; stylopodium none. Flowers yellow.
25. Carum. Ribs filiform or inconspicuous; stylopodium short-conical.
Leaf-segments filiform. Roots tuberous.
26. Cicuta. Ribs flattish, corky, the lateral largest. Marsh perennials,
with serrate leaflets, the veins often running to the notches.
27. AEgopodium. Ribs filiform; oil-tubes none; stylopodium conical.
Leaves biternate.
[=][=][=][=] Leaves finely dissected; oil-tubes solitary. Very slender
annuals.
28. Leptocaulis. Fruit bristly or tuberculate, with rather prominent
equal ribs.
29. Discopleura. Dorsal ribs filiform, the lateral very thick and corky.
[++][++] Seed-face concave; fruit ovate, glabrous, with depressed
stylopodium, and no oil-tubes.
30. Conium. An introduced biennial, with spotted stems, and large
decompound leaves.
[++][++][++] Seed-face concave. Fruit linear-oblong, with conical
stylopodium.
31. Chaerophyllum. Fruit glabrous, with small mostly solitary oil-tubes.
32. Osmorrhiza. Fruit bristly, with oil-tubes obsolete.
[+][+][+] Carpels (as well as fruit) strongly flattened laterally.
[++] Seed lunate, deeply sulcate on the face; umbels compound,
leafy-bracted.
33. Erigenia. Fruit nearly orbicular, with numerous oil-tubes. Low,
nearly acaulescent from a deep-seated tuber. Leaves ternately
decompound.
[++][++] Seed straight, not sulcate; umbels simple.
34. Hydrocotyle. Fruit more or less orbicular, with no oil-tubes. Low
perennials, in or near water, with creeping stems, and peltate or
reniform leaves.
[*][*][*][*] Fruit obovoid or globose, densely prickly or scaly.
35. Eryngium. Flowers sessile in dense bracteate heads, white or blue.
Leaves mostly rigid and more or less spinose.
36. Sanicula. Flowers in irregularly compound few-rayed umbels, yellow.
Leaves palmate.
1. DAUCUS, Tourn. CARROT.
Calyx-teeth obsolete. Fruit oblong, flattened dorsally; stylopodium
depressed; carpel with 5 slender bristly primary ribs and 4 winged
secondary ones, each of the latter bearing a single row of barbed
prickles; oil-tubes solitary under the secondary ribs, two on the
commissural side; seed-face somewhat concave or almost flat.--Bristly
annuals or biennials, with pinnately decompound leaves, foliaceous and
cleft involucral bracts, and white flowers in compound umbels which
become strongly concave. (The ancient Greek name.)
D. CAROTA, L. Biennial; stem bristly; ultimate leaf-segments lanceolate
and cuspidate; rays numerous.--Naturalized everywhere, from Eu.
2. CAUCALIS, L.
Calyx-teeth prominent. Fruit ovate or oblong, flattened laterally;
stylopodium conical; prickles barbed or hooked; seed-face deeply
sulcate. Otherwise as Daucus.--Our species annual. (The ancient Greek
name.)
C. NODOSA, Hudson. Decumbent, branching only at base, stems 1--2 deg. long,
retrorsely hispid; umbels naked, opposite the leaves and nearly sessile,
of 2 or 3 very short rays.--Md., Iowa, and southward. (Nat. from Eu.)
C. ANTHRISCUS, Hudson, has 1--2-pinnate leaves with broad leaflets, and
more regularly compounded umbels.--Ohio, etc. (Nat. from Eu.)
3. ANGELICA, L.
Calyx-teeth obsolete. Fruit strongly flattened dorsally; primary ribs
very prominent, the laterals extended into broad distinct wings, forming
a double-winged margin to the fruit; oil-tubes one to several in the
intervals or indefinite, 2 to 10 on the commissure.--Stout perennials,
with ternately or pinnately compound leaves, large terminal umbels,
scanty or no involucres, small many-leaved involucels, and white or
greenish flowers. (Named _angelic_ from its cordial and medicinal
properties.)
[*] _Seed adherent to the pericarp; oil-tubes one to several in the
intervals; uppermost leaves mostly reduced to large inflated petioles._