18, 19;
becomes Prime Minister, 20;
attainted of treason, 27;
pardoned, 50;
estates restored, 52;
retires to France, 65;
as writer, 148.
Boroughs, Rotten, purchase of, 192;
motions in Parliament for reform of, 391.
Boston Riots, 187, 200;
Boston Port Act, 211.
Boulogne, Army of England at, 490, 498;
attempt on French fleet at, 496.
Braddock, General, in America, 119.
Brandywine, Battle of the, 238.
Bread Riots, 191, 478.
Brest fleet, 458;
attempt to destroy, 584.
Breton, Cape, ceded to Britain, 174.
Bribery and corruption in Parliament, under Walpole, 62;
under Pelham, 112.
British Museum founded, 116.
Brittany, Rising of Royalists in, 445-447.
Brunswick, Prince Ferdinand of, 131;
success at Minden, 138;
defeat at Cassel, 170.
Buenos Ayres, Whitelocke's fiasco, 522, 535.
Bunker's Hill, Battle of, 219.
Buonaparte, Jerome, 546.
Buonaparte, Joseph, King of Naples, 524;
of Spain, 553, 554.
Buonaparte, Louis, King of Holland, 524.
Buonaparte, Lucien, 553.
Buonaparte, Napoleon, 422;
at Toulon, 423;
suppresses insurrection in Paris, 448;
in Italy 450, 453;
against Austria, 451, 453;
at Arcole, 454;
contemplates invading England, 464;
defeats Mamelukes at Cairo, 467;
captures Joppa, defeats Turks at Alexandria, 471;
becomes first consul, 472;
Marengo, 476;
defeats Austrians in Italy, 477;
president of Cisalpine Republic, 484;
his plans of conquest, 485;
attitude towards Britain, 485, 487;
seizes Hanover, 489;
the army of England, 490, 498;
the Georges conspiracy, 496-7;
kidnaps Duke d'Enghien, 498;
coronation, 499;
invades Germany, 504;
Austrians capitulate at Ulm, 505;
cedes Hanover to Prussia, 507;
alleged plan to assassinate, 516;
provides thrones for brothers, sisters, and generals, 524;
Auerstadt and Jena, 526;
the Berlin decrees, 527;
attempts to dupe Kosciusko, 529;
in collision with the Russians, 530;
intrigues with Turkey, 536;
designs on Danish fleet, 539;
continental campaign, 542-545;
repulse at Eylau, 543;
treaty of Tilsit, spoliation of Prussia, 544, 545;
designs on Spain and Portugal, excludes British trade from the
Continent, 546, 547;
subjugates Portugal, 547, 548;
Italy, Papal territories, 549;
Spain, 550;
prepares for a new campaign in Spain, 565;
plottings against, in Germany, 565, 566;
proposes to divorce Josephine, 566;
captures Madrid, 567;
projects with regard to Spain, 573;
war with Austria, 587;
captures Vienna, 588;
defeated at Aspern, 589;
defeats Austria at Wagram, 590, 591;
treaty of Schönbrunn, 590;
crushes Tyrolese rebellion, 591, 593;
betrays the Poles, 593;
and the Italians, deposes Pope Pius VII., 594;
anxiety concerning Spain, 600.
Burdett, Sir Francis, Motion for Parliamentary reform, 572;
on reporting parliamentary proceedings, 595;
riots in Piccadilly, 596, 597;
is committed to the Tower, 597;
release of, 599.
Burgoyne at Ticonderoga, 240;
Bemus's Heights, 242;
surrenders, 244.
Burke, Edmund, 188;
defends East India Company, 207;
on the American colonies, 215;
relief of Ireland, 252;
economic reforms, 262, 264;
impeachment of Hastings, 338, 342;
on the slave trade, 340;
on Regency Bill, 345-6;
denounces French Revolution, 370, 371;
breach with Fox, 379;
on French Revolution, 410;
supports Alien Bill, 411, and French war, 412, 426;
replies to Fox, 417.
Busaco, Battle of, 604.
Bute, Lord, 168, 169;
Prime Minister, 171;
his unpopularity, 178;
resigns, 179.
Byng, Admiral Sir George, destroys Spanish fleet, 41;
Admiral John at Minorca, 122;
tried, 124;
shot, 126.
Byron, Admiral, 257, 260.
Cairo, Capture of, 467;
massacre at, 468.
Calabria, Defence of, by Sir John Stuart, 520;
battle of Maida, 521.
Camperdown, Battle of, 458.
Canada, British expedition against, 132;
storming of Quebec, 134, 135;
ceded to Britain, 174;
American expeditions against, 220, 255;
divided into two provinces (Canada Bill), 378.
Canning, 440;
duel with Castlereagh, 594;
Foreign Secretary, 534;
resigns, 583.
Cape of Good Hope, Cape Town captured, 445;
Dutch attempt to recover, 451;
expedition to, 521.
Caroline Matilda, Princess, 206.
Caroline, Princess of Brunswick, 442.
Caroline, Queen, character, 57, 58;
illness and death, 68.
Carthagena, Vernon's failure at, 75.
Castlereagh, Lord, 474, 503, 534, 572;
quarrel and duel with Canning, 594.
Catalonia, its defence by O'Donnell, 602.
Catholic emancipation, 478, 479.
Catholic Relief Bill produces riots in Scotland, 254.
Catholics, Measures for relief of, 532, 533;
fresh restrictions on, 535.
Charles XII. of Sweden, 34;
threatens to support Pretender, 36;
death, 42.
Charlotte, Queen of George III., character of, 169.
Chatham, Earl of, forms great Northern Alliance, 190;
speech on Wilkes and the American war, 198;
on influence of favourites, 199;
condemns treatment of American colonies, 214;
his Bill of Pacification, 214, 215;
protest against American war, 234, 246, 249;
his last speech, 251;
death, 252.
China, Lord Macartney's mission to, 395.
Church, The, after the Revolution of 1688, 141.
Cider tax, 178.
Cintra, Convention of, 561.
Cisalpine republic, Buonaparte president of, 484.
Clarkson, Thomas, and slave trade, 380.
Clinton, Sir Henry, at Rhode Island, 232;
commands forces in America, 250;
captures Charleston, 273.
Clive, Lord, his exploits in India, 128, 129, 176, 316;
his policy, 318;
reforms, 319;
death of, 323.
Cochrane, Lord, his naval deeds, 523.
Coimbra, Wellington's retreat from, 604, 605.
Collingwood, Lord, blockades French and Spanish fleets, 510;
his last exploit, death of, 584.
Colonies, British, Buonaparte's expedition of inquiry to, 485.
Colonies, Growth of English, in 18th century, 164, 165.
Commerce, British, Buonaparte's embargo on, 528.
Commerce, State of, in 18th century, 164.
Commercial crisis in England, 416, 417.
Commercial distress in Ireland, 311, 312.
Comprehension Bill, 142.
Coote, Sir Eyre, his exploits in India, 136, 178, 330, 331.
Copenhagen, Bombardment of, 480, 481;
destruction of Danish fleet at, 539-542.
Copper manufactures, 167.
Cornwallis, Lord, in pursuit of Washington, 231, 232, 236;
enters Philadelphia, 238;
arrives at York Town, 280;
surrounded by American forces, 281, 282;
Siege of York Town, 282;
surrender, 283;
ends war in India, 394;
Governor-General of India, death of, 514.
Corresponding Society, 391, 394, 439.
Corruption in the spending departments of Government, 531;
and peculation in the army and navy, 571, 572, 577, 578.
Crown influence, Dunning's motion on, 264.
Culloden, Battle of, 106, 107.
Cumberland, Duke of, operations against Young Pretender, 99, 104;
Battle of Culloden, 106, 107;
licentious life, 205.
Curaçoa, Capture of, by British, 539.
Dardanelles, Expedition to fails, 537, 538.
Declaration of Rights, 226.
Declaratory Act, 189.
Dettingen, Battle of, 84.
Domingo, St., Negro insurrection in, 375;
massacre of French Royalists in, 431.
Dominica, Capture of, by British, 170;
retaken by the French, 258.
Dramatists of 18th century, 151, 152.
Duckworth, Sir John, naval engagement off St. Domingo, 522;
at Constantinople, 537, 538.
Duncan, Admiral, at Camperdown, 458.
East India Company's affairs in Parliament, 207, 302-304;
charter renewed, 416.
Economic reforms, Agitation for, 262-264, 290, 291.
Egypt, Departure of French fleet for, 465;
capture of Alexandria, 466;
capitulation of French in, 483;
fruitless British expedition to, 538.
Elliot, General, defends Gibraltar, 294.
Emmett, Robert, rebellion, execution, 490.
Enghien, Duke d', murder of, 498.
Erskine on Catholic emancipation, 534.
Eugene, Prince, 2, 6, 13.
Excise duties, 62, 63, 315.
Falkland Islands, 202, 203.
Family compact, The, 171.
Finisterre, Cape, naval battle off, 509.
Fitzgerald, Lord, and the Irish Rebellion, 460, 462;
arrest and death of, 463.
Fitzherbert, Mrs., 338, 346, 441.
Flanders, Campaign in, 90, 111, 112;
treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle, 114.
Fleet marriages, 115.
Flood's agitation, 290, 371.
Fontainebleau, Peace of, 175;
treaty of, 547.
Fontenoy, Battle of, 90, 91.
Fortification of Plymouth and Portsmouth, Bill for, 314.
'Forty-five, The Rebellion of, 92;
end of rebellion, 107;
trials of the rebels, 109.
Fox, Charles James, censures on American war, 222;
attacks Lord North's ministry, 261, 286;
Secretary of State, 288;
coalition with Lord North, 299;
his India Bill, 302;
Westminster election, 308;
as friend of Prince of Wales, 336;
impeachment of Hastings, 336-342;
the Regency, 344;
applauds the French Revolution, 370, 410;
breach with Burke, 379, 380;
bills on law of libel, 382;
relief of Nonconformists, 392, 393;
condemns French war, 412;
his efforts for peace, 415, 417;
scheme for Buonaparte's assassination confided to, 516;
death, 530.
Fox, Henry, 119, 120.
France threatens Hanover, 74;
defeated at Dettingen, 84;
declares war against England, 87;
disasters in Italy, 112;
disputes with England about Nova Scotia, 114-119, 127;
captures Minorca, 122;
favours rebellion of American colonies, 232, 236;
treaty with America, 250;
declares war against England, 255;
sends a fleet to aid Americans, 256;
attempt to invade England, 260;
peace signed, 299;
commercial treaty with, 315;
at war with Austria, 400.
_See_ Buonaparte, _and_ French Revolution.
Francis, Philip, his intrigues against Hastings, 326;
denounces the war against Tippoo Sahib, 376.
Franking, Privilege of limited, 308.
Franklin, Benjamin, 184;
purloins Whately's letters, 208, 210, 211;
successful negotiations in Paris, 232;
conducts peace negotiations with Britain, 296-298.
Frederick, Prince of Wales, marriage of, 67;
birth of his son, afterwards George III., 68;
death of, 115.
Frederick the Great, schemes of conquest, 73;
continental confederation against, the seven years' war, 124, 176;
Battle of Rosbach, 128;
alliance with Russia, 172.
Freedom of Press, Attempt to crush, 426.
Friends of the People, Society of, 391, 393.
French fleet at Boulogne, Attempt on, 496.
French possessions in North America, capture of, 134-136, 138, 139.
French Revolution, The, 356, 360;
storming of the Bastille, 364;
famine and bankruptcy, 366;
decrees against emigrants, 387;
war against Austria, 400;
insurrection in Paris, 402;
massacre of Swiss guards, 403;
establishment of Republic, 404;
abolition of royalty, 408;
Louis tried and condemned to death, 409, 410;
war with Britain and Holland, 412, 418, 421;
reign of terror, 423;
sanguinary horrors, 436;
insurrection in Paris suppressed by Buonaparte, 448;
Directory's campaign against Austria, defeats in Germany, 451.
_See_ Louis XVI. _and_ Buonaparte.
French troops in Ireland, 463, 464;
in Wales, 458.
Gage, General, in America, 211, 212.
Gale, Jones, and freedom of the Press, 595.
Gates, General, captures Burgoyne's army, 242, 244;
intrigues against Washington, 248, 255.
George I., Accession of, 24;
arrives in England, coronation, first parliament, 26;
seeks new continental alliances, 34;
disputes with Sweden and Russia, 34, 35;
triple alliance between England, France, and Holland, 36;
new Jacobite conspiracy, 36;
complications with foreign powers, 53;
death, 57.
George II., Accession of, character of, 57;
feud between and his son, 67;
the Commons and the defence of Hanover, 76;
Parliament and the Spanish war, 78;
Walpole's farewell interview with, 79;
resists inquiry into Walpole's administration, 81;
Parliament and payment of Hanoverian troops, 82;
at the Battle of Dettingen, 84;
prepares to meet Young Pretender, 99;
end of the 'Forty-five, 107;
treaty with Spain, 114;
flourishing state of commerce, 114, 115;
death of Frederick, Prince of Wales, 115;
subsidies for defence of Hanover, 119, 124, 128;
brings Hanoverian troops to England, 120;
fresh continental alliances, 123;
death of, 140.
George III., Accession of, 168;
marriage, coronation, 169;
illness, 185;
Regency Bill, 186;
prosecution of American war, 233;
his dislike of Chatham, 250, 251;
No Popery rioters, 270;
end of Lord North's ministry, 287;
extravagance of Prince of Wales, 301, 337, 338;
letter to Lord Temple on India Bills, dismisses Coalition
ministry, 303;
attack of insanity, 343;
debate on appointment of Regent, 343-347;
recovery, 348;
national thanksgiving, 348, 349;
his opinion of French Revolution, 371;
debate on foreign affairs, 388-390;
marriage of Duke of York, allowance to Prince of Wales, 390;
France declares war, 412;
war spirit in England, 415;
French proposals for peace, 416;
successes against the French in the East and West Indies, 422;
subsidising continental powers, 426;
mismanagement of the war, 432;
reforms in the army, profligacy of the King's sons, 441;
disasters to the troops in Holland, 443;
the King shot at, 448;
measures for relief of Catholics in Ireland, 461;
alliance with Russia against France, 468;
receives letters from Buonaparte, 474, 499;
union of Great Britain and Ireland, 474, 476;
Pitt's proposals for Catholic emancipation, 478;
illness and recovery, Addington Prime Minister, 479;
negotiations for Pitt's return to power, war declared against
France and Holland, 488;
Buonaparte seizes Hanover, 489;
rebellion in Ireland, 490;
the King's illness, weakness of Addington's ministry, Pitt
offers to form an administration, the defence of the kingdom,
494;
Addington resigns, 495;
Additional Force Bill, war with Spain, 496;
"All the talents" ministry, 516, 531;
negotiations for peace with France, 518;
abolition of slave trade, 532;
opposes Catholic relief measures, Grenville ministry dismissed, 533;
Duke of Portland's cabinet, 534;
Irish Coercion Bills, 535;
the Czar and Buonaparte
propose peace, 566;
Burdett riots, 596-598;
petitions for parliamentary reform, 598;
the King's insanity, 607.
Georges conspiracy, The, 496, 497.
Germany, death of Emperor Charles VII., 90;
Prince of Tuscany elected emperor, 91;
Buonaparte invades, 504;
spirit of revolt against Buonaparte in, 589, 590.
Gibraltar, Possession of, confirmed to England, 14;
Spain attempts to capture, 55, 259;
question of cession of, 59;
Rodney relieves, 271;
attack on, 279;
General Elliot's defence of, 294.
Gin Act, The, 66, 83.
Godolphin, Earl of, death and character, 9.
Gordon, Lord George, and Catholic Relief Bill, 254;
riots, 266-271.
Grafton, Duke of, 190, 195, 196, 198.
Grattan, motions for legislative independence of Ireland, 288-290;
for reform in Irish Parliament, 372, 474, 475.
Granville ministry carries Abolition of Slave Trade, 532;
fails with Catholic Relief Bill, 533;
resignation, 534.
Guadeloupe captured by the British, 607.
Gustavus of Sweden invades Russia, 351, 352;
assassination of, 396.
Habeas Corpus Act suspended, 50, 429.
Hanover, Electoral Prince of, 16, 18.
Hanover, Treaty of, 54;
sums voted for protection of, 119, 124, 128;
seized by Buonaparte, 489;
ceded to Prussia, 507.
Hardy, Admiral, opposes French and Spanish fleets, 259, 260.
Hastings, Warren, 315;
Governor-General of India, 322;
his administration in India, 323;
Rohilla war, 325;
execution of Nuncomar; Lord North determines to remove, 327;
his spirited policy, 328;
war with the Mahrattas, 328, 329;
Cheyte Sing, 334;
the Begums, 334;
recalled to England, popularity, 335;
impeachment, 336, 338;
trial of, 342.
Havana, Capture of, 174.
Hawke, Sir Edward, in Quiberon Bay, 136.
Heligoland, Capture of, by British, 542.
Highland regiments raised, 124.
Hofer, Andrew, governor of the Tyrol, 591;
betrayal and death of, 593.
Hohenlinden, Battle of, 478.
Holland, War declared against, 278;
Britain captures settlements in East and West Indies, 284;
invaded by France, 418;
battles at Neerwinden and Famars, 418, 419;
becomes a Republic under French protection, colonies seized by
Britain, 443.
Hood, Lord, at Toulon, 422;
at Corsica, 431.
Hood, Sir Samuel, naval exploits, 523.
Horne Tooke and Prince of Wales, 346;
trial of, 439.
Howe, Admiral, in America, 227, 228;
receives a deputation from Congress, 231;
chases D'Estaing's fleet, 256, 257;
attacks French and Spanish fleets at Gibraltar, 295;
naval victory, "glorious First of June," 430.
Howe, General, at Bunker's Hill, 219;
evacuates Boston, 223;
at Staten Island, 228.
Hyder Ali, 320, 330;
defeated by Sir Eyre Coote, 331;
death of, 332.
Imperial Parliament, The first, 478.
Income tax, The, 468.
Independence, Declaration of American, 226, 227.
India, Dutch defeated in, 177;
fighting with French in the Carnatic, 177, 178;
destruction of French power in, 178;
abuses in, Parliamentary inquiry, 207;
narrative of affairs in, 316;
Bengal, Orissa, and Bahar granted to East India Company, 318;
Clive's reforms, 319;
rise of Hyder Ali, 320;
inquiry into Company's affairs, 322;
famine in Bengal, 322, 323;
Lord North's Regulating Acts, administration of Warren Hastings,
323;
Rohilla war, 325;
Mahratta war, 328, 329;
Sir Eyre Coote defeats Hyder Ali, capture of Dutch possessions,
Tippoo Sahib, 331, 332;
death of Hyder Ali, 332;
Hastings recalled to England, 335;
war with Tippoo Sahib, 375;
Lord Cornwallis ends the war, 394, 395;
the Company's charter renewed, 416;
Pondicherry taken from the French, 422;
Mahratta war, 491-494;
Sir Arthur Wellesley, battle of Assaye, 491;
successes of General Lake, 491, 513;
Battle of Laswaree, chase of Argaum, 493;
fresh acquisitions of territory, 494;
Lord Lake ends Mahratta war, 513, 515.
_See_ Hastings, Warren.
India Bill, Fox's, 302, 303;
Pitt's, 304.
Indies; East, British empire in, 166.
Ionian Islands, 583.
Ireland, Burke's measures for relief of, 252;
commercial distress in, 259;
Lord North's scheme for relief of, 262;
Grattan's motions for legislative independence of, 288, 290;
Flood's agitation, 290, 371;
Flood's Reform Bill, 310;
Pitt's proposals for relief of commercial distress, 311, 312;
Grattan's motions for Reform, 372;
insurrection in, 463, 464;
union with Great Britain, 468, 474-476;
first United Parliament, 478;
rebellion in, execution of Emmett, 490.
Ireland, Woollen manufactures in, 167.
Irish House of Commons, 311;
restrictions on Irish trade, 311, 312;
sympathy with French Revolution, 460;
intrigues with France, 462;
corruption of the Parliament, 461, 475;
Black and Red lists, 475.
Iron, Manufactures of, 167.
Italian music, Taste for in England, 155.
Italy, British expedition to, and successes, 583;
Austria attempts to drive French from, 469;
Buonaparte's annexations in, 486.
James VIII. proclaimed at Edinburgh, 95.
Jena, Battle of, 526.
Jersey, French attempt on, 278.
Jervis, Sir John, at Cape St. Vincent, 458.
Jews, Act for naturalisation of, 115.
Junius, Letters of, 195, 197, 203.
Kempenfeldt, Admiral, captures French merchantmen, 285.
Keppel, Admiral, naval battle off Ushant, 255;
court-martial on, 258.
Kosciusko, defence of Poland, 398;
successes against Russia, 438;
Buonaparte tries to dupe, 529.
Lafayette and French Revolution, 358, 366.
Lake, Lord, in India, 491-493;
campaign against the Mahrattas, 513, 515.
La Roche-Jacquelein, 424.
Laswaree, Battle of, 493.
Lexington, Skirmish at, 217.
Libel, Law of, Fox's Bills on, 382.
Literary notabilities of 18th century, 142.
Loans to foreign powers prohibited, 60.
Lorraine, Acquisition of, by France, 66.
Louis XVI. and threatened revolution, 357-361;
assembles troops, 362;
dismisses Necker, 363;
revolution in Paris, 363, 364;
receives a deputation from the people, 368;
flight of, 386;
tried, 408;
executed, 410.
Lovat, Lord, 98, 107;
execution, 109.
Lucia, St., Capture of by British, 258.
Lunéville, Treaty of, 478.
Lyons, Bombardment of, 423.
Macclesfield, Earl of, impeachment of, 52.
Macdonald, Flora, 108.
Magistracy Bill, The, 391.
Mahratta war, 491-494, 514, 515.
Maida, Battle of, 521.
Malta captured by French, 466;
blockaded by Nelson, 468.
Malt tax in Scotland, 52.
Mansfield, Lord, 82, 117;
his house destroyed by No Popery rioters, 268.
Manufactures of 18th century, 166.
Mar, Earl of, 20;
raises the Highlands for Pretender, 28;
defeat at Sheriffmuir, 30;
attainted of treason, 32;
death of, 60.
Marengo, Battle of, 476, 477.
Maria Theresa of Austria, 73, 74, 81;
British troops and money in aid of, 83.
Marie Antoinette, 359, 366, 369, 388;
beheaded, 424.
Marlborough, Duke of, corresponds with Elector of Hanover and the
Pretender, 9, 22;
reception by George I., 26.
Marriages, Clandestine, 115, 116.
Martinique, Capture by British, 174, 430.
Masham, Lady, 14, 24.
Massachusetts' petition, 194, 195;
charter abolished, 211.
Massena in Italy, 444;
in Spain, 602, 603;
defeated by Wellington at Busaco, 604;
reaches Torres Vedras, 606.
Mathematicians of 18th century, 153.
Mauritius captured by the British, 607.
Melville, Lord, 500;
impeachment of, 503.
Mercenaries, German, in American war, 222, 234.
Merchandise, British, confiscated, 527.
Metals, Working in, in 18th century, 167.
Methodists, Rise of, 143.
Metropolis and other towns, growth of, 167.
Milan decree, Buonaparte's, 458.
Militia remodelled, 124.
Minden, Battle of, 138.
Minorca, Capture of, 122, 284, 285, 465.
"Minute Men," The, enrolled, 211.
Mirabeau, 359, 362;
death of, 386.
Montcalm, General, 127;
defence of Quebec, 134, 135;
death of, 136.
Moore, Sir John, in Egypt, 483;
in Spain, 562, 563;
obstructiveness of Spanish allies, 565;
retreat to Corunna, 569;
battle, death and burial of, 569, 570.
Munitions of War, Exportation of prohibited, 412.
Murat, King of Naples, 554;
attempts to drive British from Sicily, 608.
Music in England in 18th century, 154-157.
Mutiny at Spithead, 455;
at the Nore, 456, 458.
Naples, Joseph Buonaparte King of, 524;
Murat becomes king of, 554.
National debt, Walpole's scheme for reduction of, 38;
increase of, 450.
Naval affairs, Commission of inquiry into, 500, 502.
Navy, Improvement of, Bill for, 519;
scheme for providing boys for the, 599.
Necker, Louis XVI.'s minister, 358, 363, 366.
Neerwinden, Battle of, 418.
Nelson, Lord, in Corsica, 431;
at Cape St. Vincent, 458;
blockading Toulon, 465;
blockading Malta, 468;
Battle of the Nile, 467;
at Copenhagen, 480, 481;
attempt on Boulogne flotilla, 483;
in chase of Villeneuve, 508;
Battle of Trafalgar, 510, 511;
last signal, 510;
death, 511.
Netherlands, War in the, 433-435.
Newcastle, Duke of, 117, 118, 173.
Newfoundland, French descent on, 451.
Newgate destroyed by rioters, 268.
Newspapers Taxed, 15.
Nile, Battle of the, 467.
Nootka Sound, 372, 373, 375.
No Popery riots, 266-271.
Nore, Mutiny at, 456, 458.
Norris, Sir John, pursues Russian fleet, 44.
_North Briton_, No. 45 of the, 179, 180.
North, Lord, character, forms a ministry, 199;
endeavours to conciliate American colonists, 200, 215, 250, 256;
scheme for relief of Ireland, 262;
Pitt censures, for conduct of American war, 286;
resignation, 287.
Northern Coalition, Failure of, 507.
Nova Scotia, dispute with France concerning, 114;
war breaks out, 118;
war transferred to North America, 127, 134-136, 138, 139;
ceded to Britain, 174.
Novelists of early part of 18th century, 146, 147.
O'Connor, an Irish revolutionary, 460;
arrest and banishment of, 463.
"Olive Branch" petition, The, 219.
Orford, Earl of. _See_ Walpole, Sir Robert.
Orleans, Duke of, regent of France, his policy towards England,
28, 34;
death of, 51.
Ormonde, Duke of, succeeds Marlborough, 4;
in office under Bolingbroke, 12, 20;
flies to the Pretender, 27.
Oxford, Earl of, favours the Pretender, 8;
quarrels with Bolingbroke, 10, 18;
intrigues with Elector of Hanover, 18;
impeachment of, 27;
acquitted, 39.
Paine, Thomas, pamphlets, 226, 383, 392.
Painters, Foreign, in 18th century, 160, 162;
English, 18th century, 162.
Painting, State of, in 18th century, 160.
Palliser, Court-martial on, riots, 258.
Palm of Nuremberg, Execution of, 525.
Paoli, Corsican patriot, 431.
Parker, Sir Hyde, 285;
at Copenhagen, 480, 481;
recalled from the Baltic, 482.
Parliamentary elections, Bribery at, 535.
Parliamentary proceedings, Reporting of, 111, 112, 203, 204, 595.
Parliamentary reform, Pitt's motion for, 291;
resolutions for, 300;
Bill for, 312, 599;
society for promoting, 391;
petitions for, 416, 598.
"Parthenopea, Respublica," The, 469.
Patna, Massacre at, 316.
Pelham, 88;
death and character of, 116.
Pension Bill, 60;
revision of the list, 291.
Perceval, Spencer, 534.
Petersburg, Treaty of, 503.
Philip, King of Spain, 8, 43;
death of, 111.
Pitt, William, 67, 86, 110;
protests against foreign subsidies, 119, 120;
Secretary of State, 123;
useless expeditions against France, 130;
determines on conquest of Canada, 132, 133;
Bute intrigues against, 169;
his Spanish policy, resigns, 171;
condemns peace of Fontainebleau, 175;
opposition to Bute, 178;
speech on taxing the colonies, 188;
becomes Earl of Chatham, 190.
_See_ Chatham, Earl of.
Pitt, William, on American war, 286;
Parliamentary reform, 291, 300;
India Bill, 304;
Prime Minister, 303, 305;
relief of Irish distress, 311;
Bill for Parliamentary reform, administrative reforms, 312;
sinking fund, 314;
Excise Bill, 315;
on impeachment of Hastings, 336, 339;
Prince of Wales's debts, 337;
slave trade, 340;
the King's insanity, 343;
Regency Bill, 344-347;
his opinion of French Revolution, 371;
his budget and new taxes, 376;
subsidies to Continental powers, 426;
antagonism to reform, 428;
and reformers, 429;
his budgets, 450, 454;
suspends cash payments, 454;
measures for relief of Catholics in Ireland, 461;
resigns on question of Catholic emancipation, 479;
forms a Tory ministry, 496;
Additional Force Bill, 496;
his failing health, 500;
the attack on Melville, 502;
forms a coalition against Buonaparte, 503;
illness and death of, character, 515.
Pius VII. at Buonaparte's coronation, 499;
is a prisoner, 549;
deposed, 594.
Poets of the 18th century, 151, 152.
Poland, Condition of, 206;
first partition, 207;
Russian aggressions, 396-399;
second partition of, 419;
final struggles, 438.
Political meetings prohibited, 449.
Popham, Sir Home, at Cape of Good Hope and Buenos Ayres, 521, 522.
Popery scare in London, 99.
Porteous riots, 66.
Portland, Duke of, his ministry, 300, 534;
death of, 595.
Portobello, Capture of, 72.
Portugal, Buonaparte's designs on, 546, 547;
invasion of, 547;
insurrection against the French, 557, 558;
receives aid from Britain, 558.
Pottery of 18th century, 167.
Pragmatic Sanction, Repudiation of, 73.
Press, The, activity of, tax on, 15;
restrictions on freedom of, 111;
proclamation against seditious publications, 392;
Buonaparte complains of tone of the British, 486;
freedom of the, 595.
Pressburg, Treaty of, 506.
Prestonpans, Battle of, 30, 96.
Pretender, The Old, 8;
Marlborough's advice to, 9;
debates in Parliament on, 11, 16;
refuses to change his religion, 14;
his friends in England, 16, 17;
sails for Scotland, 28;
the Highlands declare for him, 29;
disasters, returns to France, 32;
fresh scheme of invasion, 36, 50;
birth of a son, 49;
activity of agents, 54.
Pretender, The Young, 87, 92;
lands in Scotland, 92;
Edinburgh surprised, 95;
battle of Prestonpans, 96;
marches into England, 99, 100;
captures Carlisle, 100;
alarm in London, 102;
besieges Stirling Castle, 103;
victorious at Falkirk, 104;
defeated at Culloden, 107;
wanderings in Scotland, escapes, 108.
Priestley, Dr., 383, 384;
riots, 384.
Prince Edward's Island, Capture of, 180.
Prisons, Inquiry into state of, 62.
Privilege of Parliament, debate, 180-182.
Prussia, Selfish conduct of, 432;
duplicity of, 503;
alarm of, at her isolation, 524, 525;
Buonaparte prepares to invade, 524;
appeals to Britain, 525;
defeated at Auerstadt and Jena, 526;
revival of patriotism, army reorganised, 565.
Puisaye and Breton insurrection, 445-447.
Pulteney, William, 52;
duel with Lord Hervey, 62;
accedes to power, 79;
becomes Earl of Bath, 80.
Pyramids, Battle of the, 467.
Quadruple alliance, 40, 41, 43.
Quebec, Capture of, 136;
attempted recovery, 138;
Americans assault, 221.
Quibéron Bay, Naval battle at, 136.
Rawdon, Lord, in Carolina, 274-280.
Rebellion of 1715, 27;
defeats at Sheriffmuir and Prestonpans, 30;
trials of rebels, 32;
of 1745, 92;
end of rebellion, 107;
trials of rebels, 109.
"Reflections on the French Revolution," Burke's, 382, 393;
replies to it, 583.
Reform demanded by the people, 426;
the leaders prosecuted, 426-428.
Reformers prosecuted in Scotland, 426-428;
in England, 429;
trials of, 439.
Regency Bill, 186;
debate on, 341-347.
Reign of Terror at Toulon, Lyons, Paris, 423.
Religion, State of, from 1688 to 1760, 142.
"Respublica Parthenopea," The, 469.
Revolutionary clubs in England, 370, 393, 394;
and counter associations, 394.
Riot Act made perpetual, 27.
Robespierre, 404, 423;
his ferocity, 423, 424;
is guillotined, 436.
Rockingham ministry, The, 187, 189, 288.
Rodney, Admiral, captures Martinique, 174;
relieves Gibraltar, 271;
in the West Indies, 275, 276;
captures Dutch settlements in West Indies, 284;
defeats De Grasse in West Indies, is recalled, 291.
Rohillas, Conquest of the, 325.
Roland, Madame, 387;
beheaded, 424.
Roliça, Battle of, 559.
Roman Catholics, Bill for relief of, 381.
Rome, Buonaparte takes possession of, 549.
Romilly, Sir Samuel, and criminal code, 599.
Rossbach, Battle of, 128;
Buonaparte destroys memorial column at, 527.
Royal Marriage Act, 206.
Royalist conspiracy against Buonaparte, 496, 497.
Royalists, The American, 297, 298.
Russia, designs against Turkey, 349;
Gustavus of Sweden invades, 351;
naval battles, 352, 354;
continues war with Turkey, 374, 375;
designs on Poland, 396;
war with France, victory at Eylau, 543;
treaty of Tilsit, 544.
St. Paul's Cathedral, Building of, 158.
St. Vincent, Cape, Battle of, 458.
Saragossa, Siege of, 556;
second siege, 600.
Schism Bill, The, passed, 19;
repealed, 42.
Schönbrunn, Treaty of, 591.
Science and art in 18th century, 152, 154.
Scotland, Secretary of State for, office abolished, 110;
prosecutions for sedition in, 426;
trials of seditionists in, 439.
Sculpture of the 18th century, 163, 164.
Search, Right of, 71, 272.
Secret service money, 59, 500, 502.
Sedition, Prosecutions for, 426, 427, 428.
Septennial Act, 64.
Seringapatam, Tippoo Sahib defeated at, 395;
storming of, 474.
Settlement, Act of, and George I., 33.
Seven Years' War begins, 124;
ends, 176.
Shaftesbury, the first Lord, 146.
Sharp, Granville, and slave trade, 339.
Sheridan and Prince of Wales, 336;
impeachment of Hastings, 338;
eulogises French Revolution, 371.
Sierra Leone, Settlement of, 381.
Silk manufactures in England, 166.
Sinking fund, Germ of, 38;
Dr. Price's scheme adopted by Pitt, 314.
Slavery, Abolition of, Bill for proposed, 532.
Slave Trade, Agitation for abolition of, 339;
petitions, and discussions in Parliament, 340;
an ameliorating Bill passed, 340;
further motions for abolition, 380, 381, 496, 500;
further steps toward suppression of, 519;
Bill to abolish, passed, 532.
Smith, Sir Sidney, at Toulon, 422;
at St. Jean d'Acre, 471.
Society of Friends of the People, 426, 427.
Sophia, Electress of Hanover, death, 18.
Soult, Marshal, in Portugal, 574.
South Sea Bubble, 46.
_See_ South Sea Company.
South Sea Company incorporated, 46;
the bubble bursts, 47;
inquiry by Parliament,48;
receives compensation from Spain, 114.
Spain, Peace ratified with, 13;
Gibraltar and Minorca confirmed to England, 14;
at war with Austria, 39;
England and France declare war against, 42;
attempted invasion of England in favour of Pretender, 42, 43;
England's contraband trade with her American colonies, 70;
her alliance with France, 75;
dispute about Falkland Islands, 202;
attempts to capture Gibraltar, 259;
peace with, 299;
proclaims war against Britain, 450, 496;
Buonaparte's designs on, 546, 547;
Godoy, 549;
capture of Spanish fortresses, 550;
Buonaparte kidnaps the royal family, rioting in Madrid, 553;
Joseph Buonaparte made king, 553, 554;
insurrection throughout the country, 554-556;
peace declared between and Britain, 554;
Siege of Saragossa, 556;
receives aid from Britain, 558;
Buonaparte captures Madrid, 567;
treaty between Great Britain and, 571.
Spanish colonies, Expedition against, 522.
Spanish succession, War of the, 3;
Philip renounces crown of France, 8;
end of war, 13.
_See_ Utrecht, treaty of.
Spies, Buonaparte's, in England and Ireland, 486.
Spithead, Mutiny at, 455.
Stamp Act, The, 184, 185.
Steam engine, Invention of, and improvements in, 166.
Steele, Sir Richard, expelled the House of Commons, 15;
as a writer, 148.
Stein, Von, Prussian minister, 565.
Subsidies in men and money to foreign powers and German princes,
73, 81, 83, 114, 119, 426, 432, 433, 435, 444, 580, 600.
Swift, Dean, political pamphlets and influence, 15, 20, 52;
as a writer, 147, 148.
Talavera, Battle of, 576, 577.
Tea duties and American colonists, 201, 202, 208;
destruction of tea in Boston harbour, 210.
Test and Corporation Acts, 371.
Thanksgiving, Public, for George III.'s recovery, 348, 349.
Tilsit, Treaty of, 544.
Tippoo Sahib, 331;
succeeds his father, Hyder Ali, makes peace with the British, 332;
again at war, 375;
makes overtures to Buonaparte, 472;
death of, 474.
Tobago captured by French, 284.
Toleration, Act of, 142.
Torres Vedras, The lines of, 579, 606.
Toulon, French Royalists and British forces at, 422;
evacuated by British, 423.
Townshend, Lord, Prime Minister, 26;
differences with the King, 35;
Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, 36;
quarrels with Walpole, 60.
Triennial Act, The, 32.
Triple alliance concluded, 36.
Triumvirate, The, 179.
Troops, Transport of, plan for, 599.
Tugend Bund, The, 565.
Tullibardine, Marquis of, 92, 94.
Turgot, Minister of Louis XVI., his reforms, 357;
retires, 358.
Turkey, State of, and war with Austria, 350;
and Russia, 350, 351;
alliance with Sweden, 351;
peace with Austria, 373;
Russia continues the war, 374, 375;
debate on, in British Parliament, 376, 378;
declares war against Britain and makes treaty with France, 539;
peace with Britain, Russian aggressions, 584.
Turnips introduced into England, 60.
Tyrolese, Revolt of, 590, 591;
betrayal and death of leaders, and of Hofer, 593.
United Irishmen, Society of, 428, 460.
United States, Independence of, 298.
Ushant, Naval battle off, 255.
Utrecht, Treaty of, 3;
debates in Parliament on, 4-6;
terms of the treaty, 10;
condemned by Parliament, 26.
Valley Forge, Washington's camp at, 238.
Vancouver's Island, 372.
Vendée, La, The war in, 410;
La Roche-Jaquelein leader of insurrection in, 424;
tragic fate of Vendéans, 425;
death of La Roche-Jaquelein, 444;
peace with Convention, 445;
end of war, 447.
Venice ceded to Austria, 459.
Vessels, Seizure of British, 480, 486.
Vienna, Treaty of, 54;
Definitive peace of, 65, 66;
peace of, 590, 591.
Vimiera, Battle of, 560.
"Vindiciæ Gallicæ," Mackintosh's, 383.
Vinegar Hill, Battle of, 463.
Wagram, Battle of, 590, 591.
Walcheren expedition, 580;
debate on, 595.
Wales, Prince of, his extravagant habits, 301, 337, 338, 441;
his friends, Sheridan and Fox, 336;
Mrs. Fitzherbert, 338;
his right to the Regency, 343-346;
receives deputation from Irish Parliament, 347;
marriage, 442.
Wales, Princess Dowager of, Bute's intimacy with, 178;
and the Regency, 186.
Wales, Princess of, inquiry into conduct of, 520.
Walpole, Sir Robert, in Parliament, 15, 19, 26, 38;
reduction of National Debt, 38;
opposes South Sea Company's proposals, 46;
his financial scheme, 48;
secret service money, 59;
his system of bribery, 62;
the "patriots," 68;
condemned for management of Spanish war, 74;
unpopularity, 77;
created Earl of Orford, 79;
inquiry into his conduct, 81.
Warrants, General, Validity of, 182.
Washington, George, 118;
commands American army, 218.
_See_ America, war with the Colonies in.
Wellesley, Sir Arthur, Battle of Assaye, 491;
chase of Argaum, 493;
in Denmark, 540;
commands troops in Spanish Peninsula, 558;
Battle of Roliça, 559;
of Vimiera, 560;
passage of the Douro, 574;
meets General Cuesta, condition of Spanish and French armies, 575;
Battle of Talavera, 576, 577;
ingratitude of the Spaniards, 577;
corruption and jobbery in the commissariat, 578;
retreats to Badajos, 578;
is created Viscount Wellington, 578;
incompetency and obstinacy of Spanish generals, 579;
plans the lines of Torres Vedras, 579;
retreats from Spain, reorganises his army, 580;
Massena advances against, his policy, 603;
retires to Busaco, defeats Massena, 604;
the retreat from Coimbra, 604, 605;
entrenched at Torres Vedras, 606;
his policy of waiting, 607.
West Indies, Acquisitions from the French in, 422;
British conquests in, 451;
defeats of French fleets in, 523.
Westminster election, Fox and, 308, 309.
"Whigs, The Public Spirit of the," 15.
Wilberforce and the slave trade, 339, 372, 380, 390, 496, 500,
519, 531, 532.
Wilkes, John, and the _North Briton_, 179, 180, 182;
expelled the House, 182;
returned for Middlesex, 192;
fined and imprisoned, 193;
expelled from Parliament, re-elected, 195, 196;
sheriff of London, 205;
defends Warren Hastings, 338.
Wolfe, General, 128;
storming of Quebec, 134, 135;
death of, 136.
Wolfe Tone and the Irish rebellion, 460, 462;
capture and suicide of, 464.
Wood's coinage, 51.
Woollen manufactures in 18th century, 166.
Worms, Treaty of, 86.
York, Duke of, 419;
invests Valenciennes and Dunkirk, 420;
and Mrs. Clarke, parliamentary inquiry, 571;
resigns, 572.
York Town, surrender of Cornwallis at, 283.
PRINTED BY CASSELL & COMPANY, LIMITED, LA BELLE SAUVAGE, LONDON, E.C.
* * * * *
+--------------------------------------------------------------+
| Transcriber Notes: |
| |
| P.xii. 'Governmen' changed to 'Government'. |
| P.81. 'diclosures' changed to 'disclosures'. |
| P.163. 'oxamples' changed to 'examples'. |
| P.217. 'English' added, missing word--checked another volume.|
| P.321. 'treat' changed to 'treaty'. |
| P.328. 'Coompany' changed to 'Company'. |
| P.368. 'massacreing' changed to 'massacring'. |
| P.439. 'trail' changed to 'trial'. |
| P.469. 'manoevures' changed to 'manoeuvres'. |
| P.507. 'Philipsthal' changed. to 'Philippsthal'. |
| P.511. 'Trinidada' changed to 'Trinidad'. |
| P.550. 'Pampeluna' changed to 'Pamplona'. |
| P.598. 'a_bitrary' 'changed to 'arbitrary'. |
| Various: Added accent to Mélas. |
| Fixed various punctuation. |
+--------------------------------------------------------------+