his relations with Gallatin, 381, 395, 418;
his wish to reconcile, 381, 382;
his arrangement, 392-394;
disavowed, 394, 396;
his despatches, 418.
Escalade, the, 4, 30.
Ethnological Society, 645.
Ethnology. (See _Indian Ethnology_.)
Eustis, William, Secretary of War, 395, 440, 462, 469;
his administration of the War Department, 467, 468, 469, 470;
his resignation, 470;
minister to the Netherlands, 568.
Everett, Alexander, 587.
Everett, Edward, 655.
Excise, resolutions on, by the Pennsylvania Legislature, 88;
causes of hostility to, 88;
Washington resolutions on, 89;
Pittsburg resolutions on, 91, 123;
their effect, 93, 94;
resistance to the law previous to the insurrection, 123, 124;
its repeal in 1801-2, 274;
reimposition in the war of 1812, 452, 453.
F.
Fauchet, Joseph, French Minister, 188.
Fayette County, 55, 58, 62, 73, 75, 90, 108, 109, 113, 121, 122;
its obedience to the excise law, 124;
disturbed by rioters, 130, 138;
insurrection in, 148, 149.
Federalist party, 155, 156, 159, 161, 165, 169, 175, 178, 184,
199, 203, 206, 211, 215, 221,
223, 228, 232, 265, 266, 272,
274, 277, 280, 281, 373, 379,
394, 414;
its success, 273, 274;
schism in, 221;
plans in 1801, 254, 257, 259, 262, 263;
disorganized, 398;
conduct in the war, 477, 483, 484.
Few, William, Senator from Georgia, Gallatin's brother-in-law, 101.
Finances, 167;
of the United States in 1796, 157, 168, 169, 173, 174;
in 1800, 243;
in 1801, 291-293;
in 1802, 305, 306;
in 1803, 318, 319;
in 1804, 327;
in 1805, 348;
in 1806, 348, 349;
in 1808, 382;
in 1809, 412;
in 1811, 445, 446;
management of, by the Federalists, 273, 274;
national debt, its origin, 168, 169;
its amount in 1796, 168, 173;
in 1800, 243;
addition to, in 1803, 318;
reduction in 1806, 348;
its condition in 1811, 446;
its payment the great dogma of the
Democratic principle, 270, 276, 354, 407, 410, 655, 656;
Gallatin's "fundamental substantial measure," 293, 295, 296, 297, 318;
Mr. Hamilton's sinking fund, 173, 174, 229, 230, 231, 296;
ultimate discharge of the debt and its consequences, 655, 656;
direct tax, 181;
reduction of taxation a dogma of Democracy, 270, 276;
internal taxes, removed in 1801-2, 270, 291, 293, 295;
restored in the war of 1812, 452, 453;
Mediterranean Fund, 295, 318, 319, 336, 349, 412, 446;
loans, 447, 452, 473;
in 1812, 454;
in 1813, 477;
war taxes, 451, 452, 454, 475, 480;
threatened collapse in 1812, 474;
suspension of specie payments in 1814, 553, 556, 561, 657;
in 1837, 667;
resumption in 1838, 658-662.
Findley, William, 92, 136, 176, 177, 222, 323, 453.
Fisheries, nature of the question at Ghent, 540, 541;
disputes in the American commission, 541, 542, 544;
doubts on the British side, 542, 543;
omitted from the treaty, 545;
settlement in 1818, 571;
Gallatin's opinion of, 572.
Fisk, James, M.C. from Vermont, 456.
Florida, proposed purchase of, in 1805, 336, 337, 339, 341;
cession of, in 1819, 572, 573.
Foster, Augustus, British minister, 444.
Fox, Charles James, 355.
France, her conduct towards Geneva, 52;
her cause in 1793, 104, 110, 112;
how affected by Jay's treaty, 158, 166, 178, 186;
relations with, in May, 1797, 184;
in 1798, 189, 195, 196, 199, 200, 201, 214;
in 1801, 254, 255, 273;
treaty rejected, 258;
ratified, 259;
the peace of Amiens, 300;
her purchase of Louisiana, 307;
sells Louisiana to the United States, 308, 334;
her Berlin and Milan decrees, 355, 364, 374, 376, 378, 422;
Macon's Act, 416;
its effect on French policy, 419, 420, 421, 444;
her secret Trianon decree, 422;
her Rambouillet decree, 421, 423, 424;
indemnity asked of her, 444;
negotiations on, 567, 568, 655;
court of Louis XVIII., 563;
commercial negotiations and treaty, 1819-1822, 573-575, 579, 582;
case of the Apollon and Alligator, 575, 576, 579;
threatened rupture with, in 1835, 655.
Franklin, Benjamin, 15, 24, 38, 519, 520, 567.
Free trade, 640;
memorial, 640.
Freneau, Philip, 197.
Friendship Hill, 63, 589, 590, 610.
G.
Gaddis, 147, 148.
Gailliard, John, Senator from South Carolina, 484.
Gallatin, Abraham, of Pregny, grand-father of Albert Gallatin, 5, 10, 64;
his death, 94.
Gallatin, Albert, his origin and family, 1-5;
his birth, 9, 10;
his education, 10-15;
graduates from college, 16;
refuses a commission in the Hessian service, 17;
secretly quits Geneva, 17, 18;
writes from Pimboeuf, 23;
lands at Gloucester, 26, 27;
arrives at Boston, 26, 27, 35;
his account of Boston in 1780, 27, 28;
his voyage to Machias, 30, 32, 36;
his life at Machias, 33-37, 40;
returns to Boston, 38;
instructor in French at Harvard College, 39, 42, 43, 70;
departs to Philadelphia, 44;
associates himself with Savary in land
speculations, 46, 50, 53, 59, 60, 61, 70;
his political opinions in 1783, 47-49, 51, 52;
decides to become an American citizen, 48, 49;
goes to Richmond, 53, 54;
his first expedition to the Ohio, 54, 65;
his first meeting with General Washington, 56-59;
brings Badollet to America, 60;
his second expedition to the Ohio, 61, 62;
attempts to settle there, 62;
becomes a citizen of Virginia, 62;
leases land at George's Creek, 62;
returns to Richmond, 63;
buys Friendship Hill, 63;
rumor of his death, 65;
his indolence, 22, 65, 73;
his awkwardness, 103;
attains his majority, 65;
his life at George's Creek, 66, 67;
result of his land speculations, 67;
makes a winter expedition to Maine, 68, 69;
falls in love with Sophia Allegre, 69, 70, 71;
his first marriage, 71, 72;
death of his wife, 72, 75, 80;
meditates returning to Geneva, 73, 75;
his political tendencies, 76, 77;
attends the Harrisburg conference, 77;
his draft of report, 78;
opposes the calling of the convention
of 1789 to revise the State constitution
of Pennsylvania, 79, 80;
becomes a member of it, 80;
his share in its proceedings, 81, 83;
is elected to the State Legislature, 83;
his share in legislation, 84-86, 89, 90, 95;
his report in favor of the abolition of slavery, 86;
his resolutions on the excise, 87, 88;
his report on the finances of Pennsylvania, 85;
his plan for a county school system, 84, 90;
for county taxation, 91, 97;
elected Senator, 86, 95, 96, 97, 98;
clerk of the Pittsburg meeting of August, 1792, 91, 92;
his responsibility for the resolutions, 92;
his opinion of them, 92, 93, 94;
his inheritance, 66, 94;
question as to his citizenship, 98;
falls in love with Hannah Nicholson, 99, 102;
his views on European politics in 1793, 104, 110, 112;
his marriage, 108;
his election as Senator disputed, 109, 111, 113;
takes his seat in the Senate, 110, 112;
goes into business, 113, 152, 153, 175, 176, 221, 226;
his action as Senator, 114;
his call for financial statements from the Treasury, 115;
declared ineligible to the Senate, 119, 120, 121;
sells western lands to Robert Morris, 121, 122, 179;
returns to George's Creek, 123;
attends meeting at Uniontown on outbreak of insurrection, 124;
attends meeting at Parkinson's Ferry, 130, 131, 132, 133, 134, 135;
at Redstone Old Fort, 135-137;
urges that the army should not march, 138;
elected to Congress, 140; returns to the Assembly, 141;
election disputed, 141, 143, and annulled, 142;
his speech on the occasion, 141, 142;
his re-election, 142, 144;
his scheme for emigration from Geneva, 144, 145, 146, 150, 151;
his opinion of New York and Pennsylvania society, 146, 147;
of Jay's treaty, 151;
enters Congress, 154;
his account of his Congressional service, 155-157;
his speeches on Jay's treaty, 155, 156, 161, 162, 163, 165, 166;
his views on constitutional construction, 157, 205;
Executive encroachments, 157;
specific appropriations, 157, 180, 299;
the finances in 1796, 157, 169, 173, 174;
originates the standing committee of Ways and Means, 157, 172;
his views on the navy, 157, 170, 171, 172, 180, 217, 218, 229, 334, 335;
his share in originating the land-system, 167, 297, 298;
his financial principles compared with Hamilton's, 169, 174, 175;
re-elected to Congress, 176-178;
birth of his eldest son, 179, 180, 181, 182;
on the political situation in 1797, 183, 185, 187;
his opinion of Washington, 182;
of John Adams, 265, 266;
the political situation in 1798, 189,
190, 195, 196, 199, 200, 201, 202, 203, 223, 224;
on foreign intercourse, 189, 195, 197, 198, 611;
on the alien bill, 205, 219, 220;
on the sedition bill, 207, 208, 219;
on the exclusion of slavery from the Southwestern Territory, 209;
re-elected to Congress, 210;
his character described by Curtius, 213;
his nationality of character, 214;
on R. G. Harper, 216, 217;
state of his affairs, 222, 225;
on the political situation in 1799, 226, 227, 228;
on a sinking fund, 230, 231, 296;
on John Marshall's argument in the case of Jonathan Robbins, 232;
on the New York City election of 1800, 240, 241;
on the finances in 1800, 243;
his account of the Jefferson-Burr contest in 1801, 248-251, 253-262;
his plan in the event of usurpation, 248, 251, 254, 255, 256;
his description of Washington in 1801, 252, 253;
named as Secretary of the Treasury, 258, 259;
nomination communicated by Mr. Jefferson, 263;
fears of rejection by the Senate, 264, 265, 276;
his position compared with that of Hamilton, 268, 269;
his views on the objects of Mr. Jefferson's Administration, 269-271;
his opposition to removals from office, 277, 279, 280, 285, 286, 290;
his circular to collectors, 278;
on M. L. Davis, 285, 286;
on Burr's political position in 1801, 287, 288, 289;
on the succession to Mr. Jefferson, 287, 288;
his "fundamental substantial measure" regarding
reduction of debt, 292-295, 296, 297;
his notes on the finances in 1801, 292;
his complaints of bad administration in the navy, 294;
his views on removal of internal taxes, 291, 293, 295;
on internal improvements, 85, 86, 157, 167, 299;
his portrait by Stuart, 301;
his house in Washington, 302;
his account of a public dinner at the navy-yard, 304;
on the finances in 1802, 305;
on dry-docks, 305;
on the U. S. Bank, 309;
on the occupation of Louisiana, 319;
on the constitutional right to acquire territory, 319;
his description of Humboldt, 323;
his relations with John Randolph, 314, 324,
328, 329, 339, 340, 341, 342, 344;
on Pennsylvania politics, 330, 331;
on relations with Spain, 334, 335;
on the political dissensions of 1806, 345-347;
on the finances in 1806, 349;
on internal improvements, 350-352;
on gun-boats, 352-354;
on the affair of the Chesapeake and war with England, 357-359, 361, 362;
on embargoes, 366;
on enforcing the embargo law, 370-372, 373, 374, 375;
on the attitude of England and France, 374-376;
urges Mr. Jefferson to settle a policy, 377, 378;
drafts "Campbell's Report," 378;
his war policy, 380, 382, 383, 384, 385, 386, 392;
his relations with Erskine, 381, 395, 418, 419;
chosen by Mr. Madison to be his Secretary of State, 383, 388-391;
on the navy coalition of 1809, 387, 388;
meditates resignation, 392, 403, 408-410;
on the disavowal of Erskine's arrangement, 396;
his political position in 1809, 398, 399;
on the bills of exchange drawn by Smith & Buchanan, 402, 403;
on the tendency to extravagance in Mr. Madison's Administration, 410;
his report for 1809, 412, 413;
favors continuation of the bank, 416, 417, 426, 451;
makes a report on domestic manufactures, 417;
on Mr. Jefferson's alleged partiality to France, 418, 419;
on the attacks of the Aurora, 419;
on Napoleon's secret Trianon decree, 422;
his letter of resignation in 1811, 434;
Duane's character of, 437, 438;
thirsts for obscurity, 440;
his feelings regarding Duane, 443, 483;
on the finances in 1811, 446, 447;
on loans, 447;
his views on war taxes, 450-452;
on the war policy, 450, 455, 461;
his alleged wish to lay up the frigates, 462-466;
wishes to reorganize the Cabinet, 469, 470;
on remission of forfeitures, 473;
requests to be sent to Russia, 477;
his motives, 478;
on the occupation of Florida, 481;
on the Russian mediation, 482;
his rejection by the Senate, 483-491, 501;
his system of administration, 491, 492;
sails for St. Petersburg, 493;
arrives at Gottenburg, 494;
at Copenhagen, 495;
at St. Petersburg, 495;
effect of his arrival, 498;
correspondence with Gen. Moreau, 499, 501, 509;
with Alexander Baring, 499, 500, 502, 504;
recognized by the Emperor and rejected by the Senate, 501;
determines on going to England, 502;
quits St. Petersburg, 505;
arrives at Amsterdam, 505, and in London, 506;
appointed member of commission to negotiate directly, 505, 508;
superintends diplomatic operations, 505;
changes negotiation from Gottenburg to Ghent, 506, 507, 509;
his views on the political situation, 507, 517;
attempts to win the Emperor Alexander, 499, 509, 510;
his interview with the Emperor, 514, 515;
meets Dumont and Bentham, 519;
arrives at Ghent, 518;
delicacy of his ground there, 522;
expects the negotiation to fail, 523, 524;
ascendency over the mission, 528;
on the financial outlook, 533;
draws article offering to confirm the provisions
of the treaty of 1783 regarding the fisheries
and the Mississippi, 541;
accepts Mr. Clay's compromise, 542;
offers an article to continue the liberty of taking fish, 544;
carries an article referring the subject to future negotiation, 544;
his delicate management, 545;
the treaty his special triumph, 546;
visits Geneva, 547, 598;
returns to Paris, 547;
appointed minister to France, 548;
negotiates commercial convention with England, 551;
returns to America, 553;
on the situation of America and Europe in 1815, 553, 554;
declines mission to France, 554;
declines nomination to Congress, 554;
declines offer of partnership with Mr. Astor, 555;
declines the Treasury, 558, 559;
reconsiders and accepts mission to France, 556, 557;
urges return to specie payments, 556, 561;
his residence in Paris, 561, 562, 563, 564, 565;
his arrival there, 562;
his opinion of Talleyrand, 564;
his negotiation for indemnities, 567, 568;
or a commercial treaty with the Netherlands, 568;
his negotiations with England in 1818, 568-572;
his opinion of the fisheries convention, 572;
his share in the commercial negotiations with France, 573-575, 577;
his argument in the case of the Apollon, 575, 576;
character of, by J. Q. Adams and J. C. Calhoun, 576, 577, 676;
declines the presidency of the U. S. Bank, 578;
decides to return to New Geneva, 578;
returns to America, 684-586, 588;
supports Mr. Crawford for the Presidency, 589, 590;
description of Friendship Hill, 589, 590;
nominated for the Vice-Presidency, 591, 592, 594;
his reasons for accepting, 598-600;
his account of Mr. Crawford's character, 598;
of Gen. Jackson, 599;
of Mr. Calhoun, 599;
of J. Q. Adams, 599;
of Mr. Clay, 599, 623;
of Genevan affairs, 600, 601;
withdraws from the contest, 602, 604, 605, 606;
his attitude towards J. Q. Adams, 607, 608;
entertains La Fayette, 611, 612;
offered appointment as envoy to the Panama Congress, 612;
appointed minister to London, 612, 613;
arrives in London, 613;
subjects of negotiation, 614;
his notes on colonial intercourse, 616, 617;
Mr. Van Buren's paraphrase of his despatch, 618;
his explanations of Mr. Canning's hostility, 620, 624;
his opinion of English and French diplomacy, 622;
his conciliatory management, 626, 628, 629;
his treaties of 1827, 626, 627;
prepares statement of the argument on the North-Eastern boundary, 629, 633;
his views on politics in 1828-9, 630, 631, 633, 634;
would accept mission to France in 1829, 632, 633;
disapproves removals from office, 633, 634;
on quitting public life, 634;
publishes his first essay on banks and currency, 637, 638, 647;
his attitude regarding the U. S. Bank, 638, 639, 651, 665, 666;
composes the free-trade memorial, 640, 642;
attacked by Mr. Clay, 641;
becomes president of the National Bank, 643, 647, 652;
resigns, 662;
his ethnological writings, 643-645, 652;
tries to establish a popular university, 648;
on politics in 1833, 648, 649;
in 1834, 650;
favors annual Presidency, 650;
on American society, 646, 650, 651, 653, 663, 664;
on universal suffrage, 654;
his share in the resumption of specie payments in 1838, 657-662;
his second essay on banks and currency, 662, 663, 664, 665;
asked by President Tyler to take the Treasury Department, 666, 667;
republishes his argument on the North-Eastern boundary, 668;
Alexander Baring's opinion of him, 668;
his views on the Ashburton negotiation, 670;
his pamphlet on the Oregon question, 671;
his speech on the annexation of Texas, 670-675;
J. Q. Adams's remarks regarding him, 676;
his pamphlet on peace with Mexico, 677;
his religious opinions, 678; his death, 678.
Gallatin, Mrs. Albert. (See _Allegre, Sophia_, and _Nicholson, Hannah_.)
Gallatin, James, 179, 180, 316, 480, 493,
606, 607, 608, 610, 632, 650; his son, 650, 667.
Gallatin, Jean, enrolled as citizen of Geneva in 1510, 2.
Gallatin, Jean, father of Albert Gallatin, 9;
his death, 10.
Gallatin, Paul Michel, Albert's guardian, 19-22.
Gallatin, Pierre, Count de, Würtemberg minister at Paris, 3, 563.
Gallatin-Rolaz, Mme., mother of Albert Gallatin, 7, 9, 10.
Gallatin-Vaudenet, Mme., grandmother of Albert Gallatin, 5, 16;
Voltaire's notes to, 6, 7;
her figs, 6, 7;
her children, 9;
gives her grandson a "cuff," 17;
her decline, 94.
Gambier, Lord, British commissioner at Ghent, 519.
Genet, Edmund, French minister, 86, 104, 111.
Geneva, its government, 3; its society, 5, 10, 11, 15, 40;
its academy, 11-15;
its politics, 28, 33, 48, 47, 48, 51, 52, 73, 75, 96, 97, 144, 145, 199;
emigration from, 145, 146, 150;
condition in 1814, 531;
revisited by Gallatin in 1815, 547;
his account of, 600, 601.
George IV., 650.
George's Creek, 55, 56, 58, 59, 66, 68, 69, 72, 123.
Georgetown, 253, 259, 530.
German, Obadiah, Senator from New York, 484.
Gerry, Elbridge, nominated envoy to France, 185;
vote on his confirmation, 185.
Ghent, negotiations at: meeting of the commissioners, 519;
American terms of peace, 520;
British terms, 520, 521;
Indian sovereignty, 521, 527;
antagonisms among the American commissioners, 520, 521, 522, 523;
expected failure of the negotiation, 523, 524, 525, 526;
first modification of the British terms, 526, 527;
effect on the American commissioners, 527, 528;
settlement of the Indian question, 535;
British offer of the basis of _uti possidetis_, 535, 536;
rejected, 536;
effect of the rejection, 536-538;
negotiation considered at an end, 636, 537;
interposition of the Duke of Wellington, 538, 539;
second modification of the British terms, 539, 540;
articles on impressment, blockade, and indemnities, 540;
straggles over the fisheries and the Mississippi, 540-545;
signature of the treaty, 546;
the treaty peculiarly a triumph of Mr. Gallatin, 546;
Castlereagh's opinion of, 546.
Giles, William B., 154, 156, 298, 678;
leaves Congress in 1798, 202;
favors war in 1808, 376;
opposes Gallatin's appointment as Secretary of State, 388, 389, 401;
opposes the bank charter, 427, 428, 429;
his taunts at Gallatin, 448, 449;
opposes Gallatin's confirmation to Russia, 484, 490;
thought of for President of the Senate, 485.
Gilman, Nicholas, Senator from New Hampshire, 484.
Girard, Stephen, 477.
Glass, manufacture of, 176.
Goodhue, Benjamin, Senator from Massachusetts, 185.
Goodrich, Chauncy, M.C. from Connecticut,
his speech for Jay's treaty the best, 155.
Gottenburg, 493, 494, 495.
Goulburn, Henry, British commissioner at Ghent, 519;
his reports of the Ghent negotiations, 524, 525, 534, 535, 545;
checked by his chiefs, 525, 526;
his mortification, 540;
his views on the fisheries, 543, 545;
negotiates commercial convention, 550.
Granger, Gideon, 329, 429.
Granges, estate in Bugey, 1, 2.
Greenville, treaty of, 521.
Griswold, Roger, M.C. from Connecticut, 154;
his speech on Jay's treaty, 155, 162, 163;
his altercation with Matthew Lyon, 191-193, 194, 195;
his political opinions, 192, 199, 214, 249;
nominated Secretary of War, 258;
his attack on Gallatin in 1803, 309, 314, 315.
Grundy, Felix, M.C. from Tennessee, 445, 457.
Gun-boats, Gallatin's views on, 352, 353;
Mr. Jefferson's views on, 353, 354;
results of, 354.
Gurney, Francis, 85, 88.
H.
Hamilton, Alexander, 67, 101, 106, 120, 153, 154, 202, 320;
his financial policy, 87;
regarding excise, 89;
his jealousy of control, 114;
his letter on calls for financial information, 116, 117;
his course in regard to the whiskey rebellion, 139, 140, 141;
his antagonism to Jefferson, 159, 170;
his financial principles, 167, 168, 169;
his sinking fund, 173, 174, 296;
his reduction of debt, 174;
his political formulas, 199;
commander of the army, 211;
his statement of the political situation in 1798, 223;
pitted against Burr in 1800, 232, 242;
active in the New York City election of 1800, 233;
fears Burr's influence, 234;
not present at the nominating caucus, 235;
opposed to making Burr President, 254;
the vigor and capacity of his mind, 268;
compared with Gallatin, 268, 269.
Hamilton, Paul, Secretary of the Navy, his report on gun-boats, 353, 354;
his administration of the navy, 462, 467;
Gallatin's remarks on, 463;
his cruising orders, 465;
his resignation, 470.
Hamilton, Dr. Robert, his work on the British National Debt, 230.
Hanson, A. C., M.C. from Maryland, 457, 530.
Harper, R. G., M.C. from South Carolina, 154, 155, 156, 201, 202;
his qualities, 188;
chairman of Ways and Means, 188;
remarks on "the plot," 205, 207;
on the alien and sedition bills, 205, 207, 208;
on Gallatin's glass house, 216;
on the sinking fund and the debt, 218, 229, 230.
Harris, Levett, 514.
Harrisburg, conference at, 77-79.
Harrison, William H., Governor of the Indiana Territory, 404;
candidate for the Presidency, 653.
Harvard College appoints Gallatin instructor in French, 42.
Henry, John, his discoveries, 455.
Henry, John, Governor of Maryland, 224.
Henry, Patrick, his letter of introduction for Gallatin, 59, 60;
nominated minister to France, 228.
Hesse-Cassel, the Landgrave of, 7, 8, 9, 16;
letter to Mme. Gallatin-Vaudenet, 9.
Hispaniola, 109.
Hull, General, his surrender, 468, 469, 470.
Humboldt, Alexander von, 564, 565, 626;
Gallatin's description of, in 1804, 323;
his diplomatic assistance in 1814, 511;
his congratulations on the treaty of Ghent, 548;
influences Gallatin to write on Indian ethnography, 644.
Husbands, Herman, 133.
Huskisson, William, 414, 618, 625, 626.
Hutchinson, Dr., his character, 105;
death by yellow fever, 107.
Hyde de Neuville, French minister to the
United States, 573, 574, 575, 582, 583.
I.
Impressments, 502, 506, 512-518, 540, 551, 570.
Indemnities. (See _France_.)
Indian ethnology, Gallatin's writings on, 644, 645, 652, 677.
Indian sovereignty at the Ghent negotiation, 521, 527.
Indians, disturb Monongalia County, 55, 62;
break up Gallatin's settlement, 62, 91, 112.
Ingersoll, C. J., his History of the War of 1812, 462, 514.
Ingersoll, Jared, 440.
Ingham, Samuel D., M.C. from Pennsylvania, 582, 592.
Internal improvements, 85, 86, 157;
the National Road, 167, 299, 350;
Mr. Jefferson's schemes for, 350;
Gallatin's schemes for, 350-352.
Invisibles, the, 427, 430.
Irvine, Gen. William, 96, 98.
J.
Jackson, Andrew, 497, 562;
Gallatin's opinion of, 599;
his political removals from office, 632, 633, 634;
a dinner at the White House, 634;
his war on the U. S. Bank, 636, 639;
a pugnacious animal, 651.
Jackson, Francis James, British minister, 394, 396, 411, 412.
Jackson, John G., M.C. from Virginia, 341.
Jay, John, 65, 104, 186, 355, 485;
his treaty with England, 151, 155, 156, 214, 669;
speeches on, 155-157;
its merits, 158, 201;
its effects, 159, 178;
question arising on its execution, 160;
debate on, 160-166, 172.
Jefferson, Thomas, 25, 65, 86, 175, 187,
189, 202, 214, 228, 253, 394, 496, 513,
577, 633, 636;
his democratic principles, 159, 170;
defeated as candidate for the Presidency, 178;
his Mazzei letter, 198;
his conduct as Vice-President, 606;
on the political situation in 1798, 206;
and in 1799, 219, 220;
his election in 1800, 244;
contest in 1801, 244-262;
his alleged compromise with the Federalists, 247, 250;
elected President, 252, 262;
nominates Gallatin to the Treasury, 263;
characteristics of his Administration, 269, 270, 272;
his New Haven letter, 278, 280, 281;
on the interference of office-holders in politics, 279;
his ostracism of Burr, 288, 289, 290, 313;
his course regarding the navy, 291;
his alleged parsimony, 294;
his want of humor, 306;
his dry-docks, 306;
on balancing England and France, 310, 334, 356, 376;
his treatment of Duane, 311, 313, 330, 439, 443;
on the constitutional power to acquire territory, 321;
on the United States Bank, 308, 321, 322, 665;
re-elected President, 326;
his Spanish policy in 1805, 334, 335, 336, 337, 347;
his defence of Gallatin against Randolph, 342, 343;
on the dissensions of 1806, 344;
on a national university and internal improvements, 349, 350;
on gun-boats, 353;
his rejection of Monroe's treaty, 355;
his faith in commercial restrictions, 367, 368;
his abdication of power, 376, 377, 383;
his discouragement, 376, 379;
disastrous close of his Administration, 380, 390, 391;
Erskine's remarks on, 381;
on the defeat of the war-policy of 1809, 385, 386;
on Gallatin's proposed resignation, 407, 408;
on the dissensions of 1810, 418;
his alleged partiality to France, 418, 419;
his scheme of administration, 491, 492;
his views on Presidential candidates of 1822, 591, 593;
his mind impervious to argument on the extension of slavery, 671.
Johannot, 15.
Jones, Walter, M.C. from Virginia, 190, 222, 228.
Jones, William, Secretary of War, 471.
Judiciary bill, repeal of, 274, 301.
K.
Kanawha River, 56, 61.
Kentucky, 56.
King, Rufus, 104, 484, 490, 612, 613;
his political theories, 272.
Kinloch, Francis, 15, 22, 24.
Kirkpatrick, Major, burning of his barn, 130, 133.
L.
Lacock, Abner, 582, 588, 602, 603, 604, 605.
La Fayette, General, 643, 654;
his diplomatic assistance to Mr. Crawford, 511;
his interview with the Emperor Alexander, 512;
his position in 1817, 564;
entertained at Friendship Hill, 611, 612.
Lands, public, system of, 167, 297, 298.
Langdon, John, of New Hampshire, 222, 253, 265.
La Place, Pierre Simon, 564.
Law, Mrs. (Custis), 191, 194, 252, 303, 305.
Lawrence, Cornelius W., 658.
Lawrence, William Beach, 622, 628.
Lee, Henry, 249.
Leib, Michael, U. S. Senator from Pennsylvania,
313, 322, 328, 330, 388, 389, 400, 401, 414,
429, 459, 484, 490.
Lesdernier de Russin, friends of Gallatin and
Serre at Machias, 30, 31, 35, 36, 40.
Lincoln, Levi, Attorney-General, 265, 274, 298, 373;
his character, 276; story told of him, 277.
Livermore, Samuel, 112.
Liverpool, Lord, on the Emperor of Russia, 516;
obliged to check his commissioners at Ghent, 526;
accepts the Indian article, 535;
his embarrassment, 536, 537;
his appeal to the Duke of Wellington, 538;
accepts the _status quo ante_, 539;
his death, 626.
Livingston, Brockholst, 236.
Livingston, Edward, 154, 156, 162, 212, 228, 245, 246, 283, 284;
begins the debate on Jay's treaty, 160;
on the alien bill, 207, 219;
his defalcation, 290.
Livingston, Chancellor Robert R., his character, 239;
minister to Paris, 307.
Logan's Act, 215.
Louis XVIII., 563.
Louis Philippe, 650.
Louisiana, purchase of, 307, 310, 318;
incorporation of, 325, 673.
Lowndes, William, M.C. from South Carolina 445, 449, 473, 562;
Mr. Crawford's comments on, 581.
Lowrie, Walter, Senator from Pennsylvania, 582, 592;
advises Gallatin to withdraw, 602, 603.
Lyon, Matthew, M.C. from Vermont, 560;
his altercation with Roger Griswold, 191-195;
his imprisonment, 219;
his relations with Randolph, 325, 329.
M.
Machias in 1780, 30, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37.
McClanachan, Blair, 77, 185, 188.
McKean, Thomas, Chief Justice of Pennsylvania, 84;
candidate for governor, 227;
governor, 249;
offered nomination for Vice-Presidency, 312;
declines, 312, 313;
his account of Pennsylvania politics, 313;
re-elected governor by Federalists, 330;
his mistakes, 331, 333, 442.
McLane, Louis, his instructions as minister to England, 618, 619.
Macon, Nathaniel, M.C. from North Carolina, 302, 473;
on the Chesapeake affair, 359, 362;
on the war policy of 1808, 384;
his navigation bill of 1809, 413, 414, 415, 416;
his Act of May 1, 1810, 416;
its effect, 419, 420, 421;
opposes the bank charter, 427;
refuses to go into caucus, 591, 595-597.
Madison, James, 79, 83, 86, 154, 155, 156, 166, 214, 219, 298, 300, 496, 636;
his speech on Jay's treaty, 155, 162, 163;
retires from Congress, 181;
his nullification resolves, 211, 212, 374;
appointed Secretary of State, 265;
his influence in the scheme of administration, 268, 269, 272;
John Randolph's attack upon, in 1806, 339, 340, 341, 342, 344, 345;
candidate for the Presidency, 346;
his pamphlet on the rule of 1756, 348;
elected President, 374;
urges Mr. Jefferson to fix a policy, 377, 378;
his views on the war policy, 384;
his character, 384, 399, 459;
attempts to make Gallatin Secretary of State, 388-391, 633;
unfortunate beginning of his Administration, 391, 392;
his message of 1809, 412;
his course towards France in 1810, 423, 424, 425, 461;
his course regarding the bank charter, 416, 427;
dismisses Robert Smith, 435;
appoints Monroe Secretary of State, 435;
his treatment of Duane, 443;
his attitude towards the war party, 445, 448, 455, 460;
his opinion of their measures, 449;
his share in causing the declaration, 456-459;
his supposed wish to lay up the frigates, 462-466;
reorganises his Cabinet, 468-470;
accepts Russian mediation, 477;
sends Gallatin to Russia, 477-479;
his dangerous illness, 484-488;
refuses to vacate the Treasury, 486, 487;
disaffection towards him in Washington, 529;
his dismissal of General Armstrong, 530;
offers the Treasury to Gallatin in 1816, 557.
Marbois, Barbé, 52.
Marshall, Humphrey, Senator from Kentucky, 185.
Marshall, James, 91;
his course at the Mingo Creek meeting, 128;
at the Parkinson's Ferry meeting, 131, 132.
Marshall, John, 213, 277;
his encouragement to Gallatin, 54;
his talent, 83;
his views on blending common law and equity, 81-83;
member of Congress, 154-156;
on the sedition law, 211;
on the case of Jonathan Robbins, 231, 232;
Chief Justice, 258.
Martineau, Harriet, her notes of Gallatin's conversation, 650, 651.
Massachusetts, account of, in 1780, 28, 29.
Masters, Josiah, M.C. from New York, 342, 343.
Mediterranean Fund. (See _Finances_.)
Mexico, war with, 672, 673, 676, 677;
Gallatin's pamphlet on, 677.
Mifflin, Thomas, Governor of Pennsylvania, 86, 223.
Mississippi, navigation of, at the Treaty of Ghent, 540-545;
in 1818, 570.
Mitchell, Stephen N., 112.
Mitchill, Samuel L., 237, 238.
Monongahela River, 55, 62, 63, 630, 646.
Monongalia County, 55, 58, 59, 62.
Monroe, James, minister to France, recalled by Washington, 178, 179, 186;
his account of his mission, 186;
dinner to, 187;
sent to France in 1802, 307;
negotiates treaty with England in 1808, 348, 355, 361, 616;
appointed Secretary of State, 435;
assumes duties of Secretary of War, 469, 470;
aspires to be "generalissimo," 471;
on Gallatin's rejection by the Senate, 484-486;
urges him to accept the French mission, 555;
elected President, 559;
his Cabinet, 559;
the Monroe doctrine, 614, 624.
Monroe, Mrs. James, 594.
Montgomery, John, M.C. from Maryland, Gallatin's brother-in-law, 101.
Moreau, General, 499, 501, 509.
Morgan, Col. Zach., 59.
Morris, Gouverneur, 111, 199, 254, 260.
Morris, Lewis R., M.C. from Vermont, 250, 254, 262.
Morris, Robert, 65, 66;
his land speculations, 53, 179;
buys lands of Gallatin, 121, 122, 152, 225;
on the eligibility to office of actual citizens in 1788, 120;
his bankruptcy, 209, 210.
Morton, Col. J., 235, 236.
Muhlenberg, F. A., 166.
Muhlenberg, Peter, 249.
Murray, William Vans, his nomination as
minister to France, 220, 221, 227, 228.
N.
Napoleon I. (See _Bonaparte_.)
Navigation act;
Macon's bill, 413, 414, 415, 416;
in 1817, 569.
Navy, a subject of division, 157, 170-172;
economy in, 180, 217, 218, 229, 318, 319;
Mr. Jefferson's conservatism regarding, 291;
dry-docks, 306;
Gallatin's complaints of, 294, 354, 410;
Randolph's views on, 325, 330, 335;
Gallatin's views on, 157, 170, 171, 172, 180, 217, 218, 229, 334, 335, 386;
the navy coalition of 1809, 387, 388, 399, 400;
the alleged order to lay up the frigates in June, 1812, 462-466.
Nesselrode, Count, 497, 498, 504.
Netherlands, negotiation with the, 568.
Neville, General, inspector of excise, 124, 125.
New England, her attitude in the war of 1812, 507, 509, 546;
her people, 651.
New Geneva, 578, 579.
New York in 1783, 45, 68;
in 1795, 146;
city election of May, 1800, 232-241;
politics of, 288, 289.
Newbold, George, 658.
Nicholas, John, M.C. from Virginia, 154, 190, 193, 202, 212, 222, 253;
his speech on the sedition law, 219, 220.
Nicholas, Wilson Cary, Senator from Virginia,
154, 162, 253, 302, 387, 389, 401;
favors war in 1808, 376.
Nicholson, Hannah (Mrs. Albert Gallatin), 303, 404;
her family, 100;
description of her person and character, 99, 108, 109;
her dislike of the western country, 259, 275;
her death, 678.
Nicholson, Commodore James, his origin, 100;
his wife, 101, 647;
his naval battles, 100;
his brothers, 100;
his children, 101;
his political activity, 101;
quarrel with Hamilton, 108, 153, 154;
engages in the city election of May, 1800, 232, 233;
urges Burr for Vice-President, 241, 242;
interview with George Clinton, 242;
urges removals from office, 282, 290;
is appointed loan officer, 282, 303.
Nicholson, James W., Gallatin's brother-in-law, 481, 482, 598;
associated in partnership with Gallatin at New Geneva, 152.
Nicholson, John, Comptroller-General of Pennsylvania, his impeachment, 97.
Nicholson, Joseph Hopper, M.C. from Maryland,
101, 156, 262, 299, 302, 316, 337, 338,
339, 344, 439;
accepts seat on the bench, 344;
on the affair of the Chesapeake, 360;
attacks General Smith, 401;
on Gallatin's proposed resignation, 403, 406;
urges Gallatin to return to the Treasury, 558.
Nicholson, Maria, marries John Montgomery, 101;
her doubts of Burr's character, 244, 245.
Non-intercourse, 386, 396, 397, 406, 413.
Nullification in 1798, 211, 212, 374; in 1833, 642, 648, 656.
O.
Ohio, Gallatin's expeditions down the, 54, 55, 61, 62.
O'Neal, Peggy, 634.
Orders in council of November 11, 1807, 364, 365 (see _England_);
regarding the colonial trade in 1826, 615-617.
Otis, Harrison Gray, a pupil of Gallatin's, 43;
M.C. from Massachusetts, 154, 155, 156, 192, 193, 202, 205;
on the sedition bill, 208.
P.
Paine, Thomas, 101, 102, 187, 326.
Panama Congress, 612.
Parker, Jonah, M.C. from Virginia, 193, 202.
Parkinson's Ferry, meeting at, 130-135, 139.
Pauly, Louis, 60, 70, 71.
Pennsylvania (see _Western Insurrecton_), adopts the Federal
Constitution, 77;
its constitutional convention of 1789-90, 78-83;
its legislation, 1790-1795, 84, 85, 86;
report on its finances, 85;
its financial condition, 86;
its society in 1795, 146-147;
its politics, 281, 311, 326, 327, 328, 330, 331, 332;
Duane's schism, 290.
Perceval, Spencer, Attorney-General of England,
author of the orders in council, 365.
Perry, Commodore, 529.
Peters, Judge Richard, 148.
Philadelphia, 46, 46, 54, 90;
yellow fever in, 105, 106, 107;
gentlemen corps, 142, 143.
Pickering, Timothy, 95, 184, 188, 436, 467, 458.
Pictet, Catherine, adoptive mother of Albert
Gallatin, 10, 16, 19, 24, 38, 39,
42, 52, 74, 75, 94;
her death, 152, 153.
Pinckney, C. C., 223;
to be supported for the Presidency in
place of John Adams by the Federalists, 241.
Pinckney, Charles, 260.
Pinckney, Thomas, 178, 241.
Pinkney, William, sent minister to England in 1806, 348;
negotiates treaty, 355, 361;
Attorney-General, 395, 440.
Pitt, William, his sinking fund, 173, 174, 230, 296, 326.
Pittsburg, 54, 56, 61, 68;
meeting of August, 1792, 91, 92, 93, 123, 204;
seizure of its mail, 128; march through, 129;
occupied by the U. S. militia, 139.
Porter, Commodore, 529.
Posso di Borgo, 564, 565.
Pregny, 5, 6, 10, 16.
Providence in 1783, 44.
Q.
Quincy, Josiah, M.C. from Massachusetts,
his speech on the conduct
of the war, 470.
R.
Randolph, John, 154, 156, 302, 314, 316, 389, 394, 459, 581;
causes repeal of internal taxes, 295;
moves resolutions regarding Louisiana, 308;
on Mr. Griswold's attack, 314, 315;
on politics in 1804, 324;
on a naval force, 325;
his attack on the Yazoo settlement, 328, 329;
on the management of the navy, 330, 335;
on politics in 1805, 331-333;
on Mr. Jefferson's retirement, 333;
his course regarding the purchase of Florida in 1805, 338-344;
against continuing the embargo, 384;
on Gallatin's resignation, 430, 431;
his temper and eccentricities, 598.
Redstone Old Fort, meeting at, 135-137.
Reed, Jacob, Senator from South Carolina, 185.
Richelieu, Duke de, French Minister of Foreign Affairs, 567.
Richmond, 1783-1789, 53, 54, 59, 61.
Robbins, Jonathan, case of, 231, 232.
Roberts, Jonathan, M.C. from Pennsylvania, 473, 588;
his reminiscences of the war, 476, 480.
Robinson, Frederick (Lord Goderich), 550, 552, 570, 571, 618;
Prime Minister, 626.
Rochefoucauld d'Enville, Duc de la, 24.
Rodgers, Commodore, 465, 466, 529.
Rodney, Cæsar A., Attorney-General, 366;
resigns, 440, 493.
Rogers, Richard, naval officer of the port of New York, 281, 282;
question of his retention in office, 282-289.
Rolas of Rolle, Alphonse, 10, 11, 21, 74.
Romanzoff, Count, Chancellor of the Russian Empire, 497;
anecdote of Napoleon I., 444; his policy, 498;
renews offer of mediation, 499, 503;
retires from office, 504.
Rose, George, British Minister, 364, 367, 394, 397.
Ross, James, U. S. Senator from Pennsylvania, 122, 185, 227.
Rush, Richard, minister to England, 569, 588.
Russell, Jonathan, rejected by Senate as minister to Sweden, 484;
sent to negotiate treaty of Ghent, 505;
his share in negotiation, 523, 541, 544;
his controversy with J. Q. Adams, 584.
Russia. (See _Alexander_.)
Rutherford, John, 112.
S.
St. Lawrence, navigation of, 550, 551, 621, 625.
Savary de Valcoulon, 99, 643;
his business in America, 45;
assists Gallatin, 46, 55, 64;
enters with Gallatin into land speculations, 46, 53, 56, 59, 60, 61, 70;
his brick house at Richmond, 59;
attempts a settlement on the Ohio with Gallatin, 62;
returns with him to George's Creek and leases land, 62;
returns to Richmond, 63;
signs Gallatin's marriage bond, 71, 72;
his death, 560.
Schools. (See _Education_.)
Scott, Sir Walter, 578.
Sedgwick, Theodore, Senator and M.C. from Massachusetts, 173, 185.
Sedition law, 203, 204, 206, 207, 208, 209, 274.
Seney, Joshua, M.C. from Maryland, Gallatin's brother-in-law, 101.
Serre, Henri, schoolmate of Gallatin's, 15;
runs away with Gallatin from Geneva, 17;
his account of life at Machias, 34, 35, 40;
his character, 34, 39, 64;
his project of life, 40, 41;
goes to Jamaica, 46, 49, 56;
dies, 46, 66;
Gallatin's attachment to him, 50, 53, 55, 63.
Sewall, Judge Samuel, M.C. from Massachusetts, 154, 200;
the first man of his party, 188;
on the alien law, 205.
Sheldon, Daniel, secretary of legation and chargé d'affaires, 585, 586.
Shepherd, Abraham, on Mr. Madison's share in declaring war, 457, 458, 459.
Short, William, rejected as minister to Russia, 390.
Sidmouth, Lord, 364.
Sinking fund. (See _Finances_.)
Sitgreaves, Samuel, M.C. from Pennsylvania, 122, 156.
Slavery, abolition of, 86; evils of, 109, 259;
exclusion from the territory, 209, 406;
Gallatin's opinions on, 671, 673, 674.
Smilie, John, 91, 93, 125, 560.
Smith, Robert, appointed Secretary of the Navy, 276, 333, 335;
Gallatin's complaints of his administration, 294, 386, 410;
Randolph's complaints, 330;
on the embargo, 373;
appointed Secretary of State, 389, 390, 633;
his course in the Cabinet, 400, 415;
his purchases of exchange on Leghorn, 401, 404;
his despatches in July and November, 1810, 423;
his removal from office, 430, 431, 435, 436, 437, 439, 468.
Smith, Samuel, M.C. from Maryland, 253, 316, 490;
his account of the Lyon-Griswold affair, 191;
his intervention in the election of Mr. Jefferson, 247, 250, 251;
declines the Navy Department, 265, 276;
U. S. Senator, 400;
makes his brother Secretary of State, 389, 390;
his drafts on Leghorn, 400-403;
becomes hostile to Gallatin, 403;
opposes Macon's bill, 415;
opposes the bank charter, 417, 428, 429, 430;
opposes everything, 466;
takes command in Baltimore, 530;
resumes relations with Gallatin, 590.
Smith, William, M.C. from South Carolina
and minister to Portugal, 15, 154, 173, 184.
South Carolina, her acts in 1833, 648.
Spain, her conduct towards America in 1793, 104;
interdicts right of deposit, 307;
protests against the Louisiana purchase, 319;
her course in 1805, 334;
Mr. Jefferson's policy regarding, 334-338, 347;
his proposed purchase of Florida, 336;
her affairs, 513;
her course regarding the sale of Florida, 572.
Specie payments, suspension of. (See _Finances_.)
Specific appropriations, 157, 180, 299.
Spencer, John C., Secretary of the Treasury, 666, 667.
Stewart, Andrew, M.C. from Pennsylvania, 594, 606, 608.
Stewart, Commodore, 462, 463, 464, 466.
Stockton, Lucius H., nominated Secretary of War, 258.
Stoddart, Benjamin, Secretary of the Navy, 265, 277.
Stokeley, Thomas, 176.
Stone, David, Senator from North Carolina, 484.
Stuart, Gilbert, his portrait of Gallatin, 301.
Suffrage, universal, Gallatin's opinions on, 664, 655.
Swanwick, John, M.C. from Pennsylvania, 188.
Symmes, John Cleves, 182.
T.
Tahon, keeper of a boarding-house in Boston, 26, 42.
Talleyrand, 227;
Gallatin's opinion of, 564.
Tariff in 1832, 640, 641, 642.
Taxation, local, 654.
Tayloe, Benjamin Ogle, 564.
Taylor, John, M.C. from South Carolina, 416.
Taylor of Caroline, John, 212.
Texas, annexation of, 672;
Gallatin's speech on, 672-675.
Thacher, George, M.C. from Massachusetts, his motion to exclude slavery
from the Southwestern Territory, 209.
Thomas, J. B., Senator from Illinois, 592.
Thomas, John Chew, M.C. from Maryland, 261, 262.
Thompson, John, his letters of Curtius, 212, 213, 214, 227.
Time-Piece, New York newspaper, 196.
Tom the Tinker, 149.
Tompkins, D. D., candidate for the Presidency, 559.
Tracy, Uriah, Senator from Connecticut, 185.
Treasury Department, its importance, 114, 167, 267;
its severe duties, 300, 558;
its early position towards the Executive and Legislature, 114;
annual report from, 114;
Gallatin's call for statement from, 115, 116, 118;
auditor's office burned, 258;
Gallatin named for Secretary, 258;
threatened collapse in 1812, 473, 474;
offered to Gallatin in 1816, 557, and in 1843, 666, 667.
Tripoli. (See _Algerine Powers_.)
Triumvirate, Jefferson, Madison,
Gallatin, 269, 274, 470, 471, 496, 589, 598, 599.
Troup, Col. R. M., 581.
Tyler, President, wishes Gallatin to take the Treasury, 666, 667.
U.
University, national. (See _Education_.)
V.
Van Buren, Martin, an efficient man, 593;
his scheme for nominating Mr. Clay as Vice-President, 602, 603, 605, 632;
his instructions to Mr. McLane, 618, 619;
his position in 1829, 632, 634;
his diplomacy, 667, 668.
Vigel, Philip, condemned to death for treason, 149, 150.
Villars, Duc de, 7.
Virginia, its hospitality, 54, 67.
Virginia, resolutions of 1798, 212, 374, 379.
Voltaire, letters and notes of, 3, 6, 7, 8;
by, 7, 16, 17.
W.
War of 1812, 175;
causes of, 411, 448, 449, 455, 461;
declaration of, 456-459;
sending the frigates to sea, 465;
collapse of the administrative system, 467;
military disasters, 467, 468, 469;
condition of Washington, 529;
capture of Washington, 518, 529, 533;
danger of Baltimore, 529, 530;
defeat of Sir George Prevost at Plattsburg, 539;
suspension of specie payments, 553, 556, 561, 657.
Washington, meetings at, 129;
county of, 128, 129, 131, 141;
elects Gallatin to Congress, 140.
Washington, the Federal city, description of, in 1801, 252, 253, 255;
Gallatin's house in, 302;
its destruction, 529;
capture of, 528, 529;
society of, 594.
Washington, George, 194, 223, 267, 268, 310, 651;
his land speculations, 53;
his first meeting with Gallatin, 56-59;
his locations of land on the Ohio, 62;
his first Administration, 86, 104, 159;
his second Administration, 111, 162, 178;
his course in regard to the whiskey rebellion, 134, 138, 139;
in regard to Jay's treaty, 158, 163, 164;
his manners and temper, 182;
his death, 229.
Washington, Mrs., 182.
West India trade. (See _Colonial Trade_.)
Western insurrection, causes of, 88 (see _Excise_), 123, 124;
outbreak of, 124;
duration of, 125;
Mingo Creek meeting, 125;
seizure of the mails, 128;
rendezvous of the militia at Braddock's Field, 129, 130;
meeting at Parkinson's Ferry, 128, 130, 131-135;
at Redstone Old Fort, 136-137;
partial submission, 137, 138;
march of the militia, 138, 139, 141;
trials for treason, 147-150.
Wellesley, Marquess, successor to Mr. Canning, 411, 412.
Wellington, Duke of, 527, 540, 546.
Whiskey. (See _Excise_, and _Western Insurrection_.)
Wilkinson, Gen. James, 319, 485.
Willard, Joseph, President of Harvard College, 42, 43.
William IV., 650.
Wilson, James, 84, 441.
Wirt, William, 342, 439.
Wolcott, Oliver, Secretary of the Treasury, 182, 184, 202, 300.
Woolsey, William W., 235.
Worthington, Thomas, Senator from Ohio, 350, 457, 458, 459, 489.
X.
X. Y. Z. despatches, 200.
Y.
Yazoo land claims, 298, 328, 329.
Yellow fever in 1793, 105, 106, 107, 108.
THE END.
FOOTNOTES:
[1] A more detailed account of the Gallatin genealogy will be found in
the Appendix to vol. iii. of Gallatin's Writings, p. 598.
[2] Printed in Voltaire's Works, xii. 371 (ed. 1819.)
[3] Letter to Eben Dodge, 21st January, 1847. Writings, vol. ii. p.
638.
[4] Sparks's Franklin, viii. 454.
[5] Letter to John Connor, 9th January, 1846. Writings, vol. ii. p.
621.
[6] See Writings, vol. ii., p. 659.
[7] See map, p. 126.
[8] See below, p. 646.
[9] Writings, ii. 523.
[10] Cooper's Naval History, vol. i. p. 226.
[11] Dr. Hutchinson died on the 6th.
[12] See Hamilton's letter to the Senate of 6th February, 1794, State
Papers, vii. 274.
[13] Endorsed by Mr. Gallatin in a later hand,--"complains of
_unnecessary_ calls, alluding indirectly to certain resolutions,
founded on my motion, calling for explanatory financial statements
which were never furnished."
ALEXANDER HAMILTON TO THE UNITED STATES SENATE.
TREASURY DEPARTMENT, February 22, 1794.
SIR,--I have received a late order of the Senate on the subject of a
petition of Arthur Hughes. Diligent search has been made for such a
petition, and it has not been found. Neither have I now a distinct
recollection of ever having seen it. Whether, therefore, it may not
have originally failed in the transmission to me, or may have become
mislaid by a temporary displacement of the papers of my immediate
office, occasioned by a fire which consumed a part of the building in
the use of the Treasury, or by some of those accidents which in an
extensive scene of business will sometimes attend papers, especially
those of inferior importance, is equally open to conjecture. There is
no record in the office of its having been received, nor does any of
my clerks remember to have seen it. A search in the auditor's office
has brought up the enclosed paper, which it is presumed relates to
the object of the petition; but this paper, it will appear from the
memorandum accompanying it, was placed in that office prior to the
reference of the petition.
The auditor of the Treasury is of opinion, though his recollection
is not positive, that the claim had relation to the services of John
Hughes as forage-master. Two objections opposed its admission: 1,
the not being presented in time; 2, the name of John Hughes in the
capacity in which he claimed not appearing upon any return in the
Treasury.
If these be the circumstances, I should be of opinion that it would
not be advisable by a special legislative interposition to except the
case out of the operation of the acts of limitation.
The second order of the Senate on the subject of this petition leads
to the following reflections:
Does this hitherto unusual proceeding (in a case of no public and no
peculiar private importance) imply a supposition that there has been
undue delay or negligence on the part of the Secretary of the Treasury?
If it does, the supposition is unmerited; not merely from the
circumstances of the paper, which have been stated, but from the known
situation of the officer. The occupations necessarily and permanently
incident to the office are at least sufficient fully to occupy the
time and faculties of one man. The burden is seriously increased by
the numerous private cases, remnants of the late war, which every
session are objects of particular reference by the two Houses of
Congress. These accumulated occupations, again, have been interrupted
in their due course by unexpected, desultory, and distressing calls
for lengthy and complicated statements, sometimes with a view to
general information, sometimes for the explanation of points which
certain leading facts, witnessed by the provisions of the laws and
by information previously communicated, might have explained without
those statements, or which were of a nature that did not seem to have
demanded a laborious, critical, and suspicious investigation, unless
the officer was understood to have forfeited his title to a reasonable
and common degree of confidence. Added to these things, it is known
that the affairs of the country in its external relations have for
some time past been so circumstanced as unavoidably to have thrown
additional avocations on all the branches of the Executive Department,
and that a late peculiar calamity in the city of Philadelphia has
had consequences that cannot have failed to derange more or less the
course of public business.
In such a situation was it not the duty of the officer to postpone
matters of mere individual concern to objects of public and general
concern, to the preservation of the essential order of the department
committed to his care? Or is it extraordinary that in relation to
cases of the first description there should have been a considerable
degree of procrastination? Might not an officer who is conscious that
public observation and opinion, whatever deficiencies they may impute
to him, will not rank among them want of attention and industry, have
hoped to escape censure, expressed or implied, on that score?
I will only add that the consciousness of devoting myself to the
public service to the utmost extent of my faculties, and to the injury
of my health, is a tranquillizing consolation of which I cannot be
deprived by any supposition to the contrary.
With perfect respect, I have the honor to be, sir, your most obedient
servant,
Signed ALEXANDER HAMILTON,
Secretary of the Treasury.
THE VICE-PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES
AND PRESIDENT OF THE SENATE.
True copy. Attest: SAMUEL A. OTIS, S. Secretary.
[14] Gallatin's Deposition in Brackenridge's Incidents, vol. ii. p.
186.
[15] Incidents, vol. ii. p. 68.
[16] Gallatin's Deposition.
[17] See the resolutions as proposed and as ultimately adopted, in
Appendix to Gallatin's speech on the insurrection. Writings, iii. 56.
[18] Brackenridge, Incidents, vol. i. p. 90; Findley, p. 144;
Gallatin's Deposition.
[19] Incidents, vol. i. p. 90.
[20] Incidents, vol. i. p. 91.
[21] Badollet, who was at the same time a terribly severe critic of
himself and of others, had little patience with Judge Brackenridge,
who was perhaps the first, and not far from being the best, of
American humorists. Badollet's own sense of humor seems not to have
been acute, to judge from the following extract from one of his
letters to Gallatin, dated 18th February, 1790:
"J'ai vu Brakenridge à Cat-fish où j'ai été à l'occasion d'Archey,
et je puis déclarer en conscience que de mes jours je n'ai vu un si
complet impertinent fat. Peut-être ne seras-tu pas fâché de lire une
partie d'une conversation qu'il eut devant moi. Un inconnu (à moi du
moins) voulant le faire parler, à ce que je suppose, lui adresse ainsi
la parole:
"N. I think, Mr. Brakenridge, you are one of the happiest men in the
world.
"B. Yes, sir; nothing disturbs me. I can declare that I never feel a
single moment of discontent, but laugh at everything.
"N. I believe so, sir; but your humor....
"B. Oh, sir, truly inexhaustible; yes, truly inexhaustible,--et
tout en disant ces mots avec complaisance il tirait ses manchettes
et son jabot, caressait son visage de sa main, et souriait en
Narcisse,--truly inexhaustible. Sir, I could set down and write
a piece of humor for fifty-seven years without being the least
exhausted. I have just now two compositions agoing....
"N. Happy turn of mind!
"B. You may say that, sir. I enjoy a truly inexhaustible richness and
strength of mind, &c., &c."
[22] "In the report of the commissioners of the United States to the
President, it was most erroneously stated that I wanted the committee,
viz., the Parkinson's Ferry members, to remain till the twelve
commissioners or conferees should report. The reverse was the fact."
Marginal note by Mr. Gallatin on pp. 98-99 of Brackenridge's Incidents.
[23] Incidents, vol. i. p. 111.
[24] Findley, History of the Insurrection, p. 122; Brackenridge,
Incidents, vol. i. p. 111.
[25] Brackenridge, Incidents, vol. i. p. 112.
[26] Writings, vol. i. p. 4.
[27] Ibid, p. 9.
[28] Findley, History, &c., p. 240.
[29] Findley, p. 248.
[30] Writings, vol. iii. pp. 8-52.
[31] See the Speech of N.P. Banks, of June 30, 1868, Cong. Globe, vol.
lxxv., Appendix, p. 385.
[32] See, among other expressions to this effect, Lodge's Cabot, pp.
342, 345.
[33] Gibbs's Administrations of Washington and Adams, ii. p. 320.
[34] Annals of Congress, February 10, 1797.
[35] This essay is republished in his Writings, vol. iii. p. 70.
[36] This statement should be compared with Mr. Monroe's published
account of this transaction (View of the Conduct of the Executive, pp.
xix.-xxii.), in order to gather the sense in which Mr. Monroe probably
meant it to be understood.
[37] Mr. Coit, of Connecticut, had read Mr. Jefferson's Mazzei letter.
[38] See especially George Cabot to Pickering, 14th February, 1804.
Lodge's Cabot, p. 341.
[39] See Works of Fisher Ames, ii. 354.
[40] Gibbs's Administrations, &c., ii. 45.
[41] Jefferson's Works, iv. 237.
[42] Gallatin's Writings, vol. ii. p. 604.
[43] Works, vol. ix. p. 507.
[44] See the letters of Wolcott to Ames, 29th December, 1799, and Ames
to Wolcott, 12th January, 1800. Gibbs's Administrations, &c., ii.
313-321.
[45] See Gallatin's Writings, iii. 553.
[46] See the letter of George Cabot to Wolcott of 6th October,
1798. Lodge's Cabot, p. 168. The letter is printed in Gibbs's
Administrations, &c., as of 25th October, vol. ii. p. 109.
[47] Inquiry concerning the Rise and Progress, the Redemption and
Present State, and the Management of the National Debt of Great
Britain. By Robert Hamilton, L.L.D. Edinburgh, 1813. Reprinted at
Philadelphia in 1816, and by Lord Overstone in his collection of
Financial Tracts, 1856-1859.
[48] Sic.
[49] Vol. i. pp. 18-28.
[50] Letter to Gales & Seaton, 5th February, 1835, Writings, ii. 535.
[51] Writings, vol. i. p. 24.
[52] See Miss Randolph's Domestic Life of Thomas Jefferson, pp.
307-308, and Parton's Jefferson, pp. 585-586.
[53] See Parton's Burr, ii. 69.
[54] See Cooper's Naval History, i. 192-194.
[55] Finance, vol. i. p. 746.
[56] Gallatin to W. B. Giles, 14th Feb., 1802, Writings, vol. i. p. 76.
[57] See Mr. Gallatin's "Introduction to the Collection of Land Laws,
&c.," reprinted in his Writings, vol. iii.
[58] Printed in American State Papers, Finance, i. p. 765.
[59] See infra, p. 607.
[60] See also his letter to Mr. Gallatin of 13th December, 1803,
Jefferson's Works, iv. 518.
[61] See his letter to Mr. Jefferson of 13th December, 1803, Writings,
vol. i. p. 171.
[62] This paper is printed in the Annals of Congress, 7th Cong., 2d
Sess., p. 690; also in American State Papers, Finance, vol. ii. p. 37.
[63] This letter will be found in Gallatin's Writings, vol. i. p. 130.
[64] Gallatin's Writings, vol. i. p. 111.
[65] Ibid., p. 115.
[66] Gallatin's Writings, vol. i. p. 241.
[67] Gallatin's Writings, vol. i. p. 263.
[68] Gallatin's Writings, vol. i. p. 277.
[69] Ibid., p. 281.
[70] Cf. Jefferson to Wirt, 3d May, 1811. Jefferson's Writings, vol.
v. p. 593.
[71] Letter to George Clinton, Jr., dated 5th April, 1806. Writings,
vol. i. p. 295.
[72] Gallatin's Writings, Endorsement on letter of G. Clinton, Jr.,
vol. i. p. 298.
[73] See "Decius, II.," Richmond Enquirer, November, 1806, republished
in the Aurora for 25th November, 1806.
[74] See Randolph's speeches in Congress of May 26, 1812, and 15th
April, 1824.
[75] Omitted in final draft.
[76] State Papers, Finance, ii. p. 212.
[77] Gallatin's Writings, i. 330.
[78] Jefferson's Writings, v. 42.
[79] State Papers, xiv. 194.
[80] Under the Act of Congress of February 27, 1815.
[81] To Tench Coxe, 27th March, 1807.
[82] See Writings, vol. i. p. 341.
[83] Ibid., p. 358, 21st October, 1807.
[84] Diary and Correspondence of Lord Colchester, ii. 132.
[85] The actual author of the orders in council of November 11, 1807,
was Spencer Perceval, then Attorney-General. The objects he had in
view are very clearly given in a letter written by him towards the end
of that month to Charles Abbot, then Speaker of the House of Commons,
afterwards Lord Colchester:
SPENCER PERCEVAL TO SPEAKER ABBOT.
... The business of recasting the law of trade and navigation, as far
as belligerent principles are concerned, for the whole world, has
occupied me very unremittingly for a long time; and the subject is
so extensive, and the combinations so various, that, even supposing
our principles to be right, I cannot hope that the execution of the
principle must not in many respects be defective; and I have no doubt
we shall have to watch it with new provisions and regulations for some
time.
_The short principle is that trade in British produce and
manufactures, and trade either from a British port or with a British
destination, is to be protected as much as possible. For this purpose_
all the countries where French influence prevails to exclude the
British flag shall have no trade but to or from this country or
from its allies. All other countries, the few that remain strictly
neutral (with the exception of the colonial trade, which backwards
and forwards direct they may carry on), cannot trade but through
this being done as an ally with any of the countries connected with
France. If, therefore, we can accomplish our purposes, it will come to
this, that either those countries will have no trade, or they must be
content to accept it through us.
This is a formidable and tremendous state of the world; but all the
part of it which is particularly harassing to English interests was
existing through the new severity with which Buonaparte's decrees of
exclusion against our trade were called into action.
Our proceeding does not aggravate our distress from it. If he can keep
out our trade he will, and he would do so if he could, independent of
our orders. Our orders only add this circumstance: they say to the
enemy, if you will not have _our_ trade, as far as we can help it you
shall have _none_. And as to so much of any trade as you can carry on
yourselves, or others carry on with you through us, if you admit it
you shall pay for it. The only trade, cheap and untaxed, which you
shall have shall be either direct from us, in our own produce and
manufactures, or from our allies, whose increased prosperity will be
an advantage to us....
* * * * *
Diary and Correspondence of Lord Colchester, vol. ii. p. 134. See also
the Life of Spencer Perceval, by Spencer Walpole, vol. i. p. 263 ff.,
for the further history and Cabinet discussions of this subject.
[86] On the 15th May, 1808.
[87] To Gallatin, 18th November, 1808. Jefferson's Writings, v. 385.
[88] To Governor Sullivan, 12th August, 1808. Jefferson's Writings, v.
340.
[89] To Dupont de Nemours, 2d March, 1809. Writings, v. 482.
[90] To Dr. Logan. Jefferson's Writings, v. 404. Letter to
Lieutenant-Governor Lincoln, 13th November, 1808, v. 387.
[91] Letter to Mr. Gallatin of October 30, 1808. Gallatin's Writings,
vol. i. p. 420.
[92] Letter to Cabell, 2d February, 1816. Writings, vi. 540.
[93] Jefferson MSS.
[94] Jefferson's Writings, v. 417.
[95] To T. M. Randolph. Writings, v. 424.
[96] Erskine to Robert Smith, 14th August, 1809.
[97] Bath Archives. Diaries and Letters of Sir George Jackson. See,
among other instances, Second Series, i. 109.
[98] The passages in brackets were omitted in the final draft.
[99] Speech of 12th May, 1826.
[100] See Mr. Madison's "Memorandum." Writings, ii. 495-506.
[101] See Writings, vol. i. p. 475.
[102] Writings, vol. ii. p. 198.
[103] Ibid., p. 279.
[104] See Gallatin's Writings, vol. i. p. 496.
[105] See, for another account of the struggle between Gallatin and
the Smiths, the "Recollections of the Civil History of the War of
1812, by Joseph Gales;" a series of papers printed in the National
Intelligencer, numbered from I. to IX., and published between June 9
and September 12, 1857.
[106] 8th April, 1811.
[107] 3d September, 1811.
[108] Mr. J. Q. Adams, in the year 1820, commented upon Pennsylvania
politics in his Diary (vol. v. p. 112): "Pennsylvania has been for
about twenty years governed by two newspapers in succession; one, the
Aurora, edited by Duane, an Irishman, and the other, the Democratic
Press, edited by John Binns, an Englishman. Duane had been expelled
from British India for sedition, and Binns had been tried in England
for high treason. They are both men of considerable talents and
profligate principles, always for sale to the highest bidder, and
always insupportable burdens, by their insatiable rapacity, to the
parties they support. With the triumph of Jefferson in 1801, Duane,
who had contributed to it, came in for his share, and more than his
share, of emolument and patronage. With his printing establishment
at Philadelphia he connected one in this city; obtained by extortion
almost the whole of the public printing, but, being prodigal and
reckless, never could emerge from poverty, and, always wanting more,
soon encroached upon the powers of indulgence to his cravings which
the heads of Departments possessed, and quarrelled both with Mr.
Madison and Mr. Gallatin for staying his hand from public plunder.
In Pennsylvania, too, he contributed to bring in McKean, and then
labored for years to run him down; contributed to bring in Snyder,
and soon turned against him. Binns in the mean time had come, after
his trial, as a fugitive from England, and had commenced editor of a
newspaper. Duane had been made by Mr. Madison a colonel in the army;
and as Gibbon the captain of Hampshire militia says he was useful to
Gibbon the historian of the Roman Empire, so Duane the colonel was
a useful auxiliary to Duane the printer, for fleecing the public by
palming upon the army at extravagant prices a worthless compilation
upon military discipline that he had published. But, before the war
with England was half over, Duane had so disgusted the army and
disgraced himself that he was obliged to resign his commission, and
has been these seven years a public defaulter in his accounts to the
amount of between four and five thousand dollars, for which he is now
under prosecution. Snyder, assailed by Duane, was defended by Binns,
who turned the battery against him, and finally ran down the Aurora so
that it lost all influence upon public affairs."
[109] Gallatin's Writings, ii. 490.
[110] Letter of Ezekiel Bacon, dated 24th October, 1845, published in
the New York Courier and Enquirer.
[111] See Writings, vol. iii. pp. 90, 91.
[112] History, II. Series, iii. 334.
[113]
WASHINGTON, 11th April, 1878.
MY DEAR SIR,--In March, 1836, I was the guest of Mr. Madison for
several days. He knew the object of my visit, and kept me at his side
during many hours of each day, sometimes starting topics, sometimes
answering my questions and allowing me to take down his words from his
lips in his presence. The memorandum annexed is, for the most part, in
his own words, and committed to paper as they were uttered.
Ever yours,
GEORGE BANCROFT.
* * * * *
[Memorandum.] March, 1836.--Madison was a friend of peace. But he told
me "that the British left no option; that war was made necessary;
that under the circumstances of the negotiations with England war was
unavoidable." He further said, "he knew the unprepared state of the
country, but he esteemed it necessary to throw forward the flag of the
country, sure that the people would press onward and defend it."
[114] Vol. ii. p. 611.
[115] All these papers will be found in Niles's Register for 1845, and
in the New York Courier and Enquirer.
[116] Gallatin's Writings, vol. iii. p. 538.
[117] Gallatin's Writings, i. 526.
[118] See Gallatin's Writings, iii. 283, ff.
[119] See both letters in Gallatin's Writings, vol. i. pp. 562, 576.
[120] All this correspondence is printed in Gallatin's Writings, vol.
i. p. 545, ff.
[121] Memoirs of J. Q. Adams, ii. 549, 19th November, 1813.
[122] See Lord Castlereagh's private letter in the Castlereagh
Correspondence, 3d Series, vol. i. p. 34.
[123] Castlereagh Correspondence, 3d Series, vol. i. p. 94.
[124] See Writings, vol. i. p. 627, and below, p. 517.
[125] See this note in Writings, vol. i. p. 629.
[126] Supplementary Despatches of the Duke of Wellington, vol. ix. pp.
290-291.
[127] See Writings, vol. i. p. 627; also Ingersoll's Late War, ii. 293.
[128] See Lord Castlereagh's instructions of August 14, 1814, to
the British commissioners at Ghent, Castlereagh Correspondence, 3d
Series, vol. ii. p. 86 ff. Also Mr. Goulburn's acknowledgment of
these instructions to Lord Bathurst of 21st August, Supplementary
Despatches of the Duke of Wellington, vol. ix. p. 188. Lord Liverpool
to Lord Bathurst, 11th September, ibid., p. 240. Lord Bathurst to the
commissioners, 18th and 20th October, Castlereagh Correspondence, 3d
Series, vol. ii. pp. 168 and 172.
[129] See his letter of August 21 to Earl Bathurst, Wellington Sup.
Desp., ix. 188.
[130] See his letter to Goulburn of August 28, 1814, Castlereagh
Correspondence, 3d Series, vol. ii. p. 102.
[131] Castlereagh to Liverpool, Correspondence, 3d Series, vol. ii. p.
100.
[132] Wellington Sup. Desp., ix. 214.
[133] Wellington Sup. Desp., ix. 217: Goulburn to Lord Bathurst.
[134] Ibid., p. 222.
[135] Wellington Sup. Desp., ix. 278.
[136] Letter to Lord Bathurst, 26th September, Wellington Sup. Desp.,
ix. 287.
[137] Castlereagh Correspondence, 3d Series, ii. 168, 172.
[138] Wellington Sup. Desp., ix. 384.
[139] Goulburn to Bathurst, 14th November, 1814, ibid., p. 432.
[140] Wellington Sup. Desp., ix. 382.
[141] Wellington Sup. Desp., ix. 402.
[142] Wellington Sup. Desp., ix. 426. Castlereagh Corr., 3d Series,
ii. 186.
[143] Wellington Sup. Desp., ix. 430.
[144] Wellington Sup. Desp., ix. 438.
[145] Ibid., 452.
[146] See "The Duplicate Letters, the Fisheries, and the Mississippi,"
p. 126.
[147] Wellington Sup. Desp., ix. 427.
[148] Castlereagh Correspondence, 3d Series, ii. 67.
[149] Castlereagh Correspondence, 3d Series, ii. 86.
[150] Wellington Sup. Desp., ix. 472.
[151] Ibid., p. 479.
[152] Castlereagh Corr., 3d Series, ii. 523.
[153] Gallatin to Monroe, 25th November, 1815. Writings, i. 665.
[154] Memoirs of J. Q. Adams, iii. 242.
[155] Writings, ii. 83, 84.
[156] Mr. Calhoun, Secretary of War.
[157] U. S. Senator from Illinois.
[158] Member of Congress from Pennsylvania.
[159] See Private Correspondence of Henry Clay, p. 103.
[160] See Writings, vol. ii. p. 324.
[161] Vol. i. p. 216.
[162] The objectionable passages in Mr. Van Buren's instructions to
Mr. McLane were the following:
"In reviewing the events which have preceded and more or less
contributed to a result so much to be regretted, there will be found
three grounds upon which we are most assailable. 1st. In our too long
and too tenaciously resisting the right of Great Britain to impose
protecting duties in her colonies. 2d. In not relieving her vessels
from the restriction of returning direct from the United States,
after permission had been given by Great Britain to our vessels to
clear out from the colonies to any other than a British port; and,
3d. In omitting to accept the terms offered by the Act of Parliament
of July, 1825, after the subject had been brought before Congress
and deliberately acted upon by our government. It is, without doubt,
to the combined operation of these (three) causes that we are to
attribute the British interdict; you will therefore see the propriety
of possessing yourself fully of all the explanatory and mitigating
circumstances connected with them, that you may be able to obviate,
as far as practicable, the unfavorable impression which they have
produced.
"The opportunities which you have derived from a participation in
our public counsels, as well as other sources of information, will
enable you to speak with confidence (as far as you may deem it proper
and useful so to do) of the respective parts taken by those to whom
the administration of this government is now committed, in relation
to the course heretofore pursued upon the subject of the colonial
trade. Their views upon that point have been submitted to the people
of the United States; and the counsels by which your conduct is now
directed are the result of the judgment expressed by the only earthly
tribunal to which the late Administration was amenable for its acts.
It should be sufficient that the claims set up by them, and which
caused the interruption of the trade in question, have been explicitly
abandoned by those who first asserted them, and are not revived by
their successors. If Great Britain deems it adverse to her interests
to allow us to participate in the trade with her colonies, and finds
nothing in the extension of it to others to induce her to apply the
same rule to us, she will, we hope, be sensible of the propriety of
placing her refusal on those grounds. To set up the acts of the late
Administration as the cause of forfeiture of privileges which would
otherwise be extended to the people of the United States, would, under
existing circumstances, be unjust in itself, and could not fail to
excite their deepest sensibility. The tone of feeling which a course
so unwise and untenable is calculated to produce would doubtless be
greatly aggravated by the consciousness that Great Britain has, by
order in council, opened her colonial ports to Russia and France,
notwithstanding a similar omission on their part to accept the terms
offered by the Act of July, 1825. You cannot press this view of the
subject too earnestly upon the consideration of the British ministry.
It has bearings and relations that reach beyond the immediate question
under discussion.
"I will add nothing as to the impropriety of suffering any feelings
that find their origin in the past pretensions of this government to
have an adverse influence upon the present conduct of Great Britain."
[163] Writings, vol. ii. p. 327.
[164] Gallatin's Writings, ii. 364.
[165] See Parton's Life of Andrew Jackson, vol. iii. chap. xvii.
[166] Reprinted in Gallatin's Writings, vol. iii.
[167] See Writings, vol. ii. p. 450.
[168] Writings, vol. ii. p. 474.
[169] Reprinted in Gallatin's Writings, vol. iii.
[170] Collector of the port of Philadelphia, appointed by President
Harrison.
[171] Reprinted in Writings, vol. iii.
[172] Reprinted in Writings, vol. iii.
* * * * *
Typographical errors corrected by the etext transcriber:
precipated=> precipitated {pg 75}
divisons of national thought=> divisons of national thought {pg 159}
pamplet form=> pamphlet form {pg 220}
and and seized=> and seized {pg 423}
infalliby=> infallibly {pg 470}
and and seized=> and seized {pg 423}
End of Project Gutenberg's The Life of Albert Gallatin, by Henry Adams