_Of the Temple of our Lord_. _Of the Cruelty of King Herod_. _Of the
Mount Sion_. _Of Probatica Piscina_; _and of Natatorium Siloe_
AND from the church of the sepulchre, toward the east, at eight score
paces, is _Templum Domini_. It is right a fair house, and it is all
round and high, and covered with lead. And it is well paved with white
marble. But the Saracens will not suffer no Christian man ne Jews to
come therein, for they say that none so foul sinful men should not come
in so holy place: but I came in there and in other places there I would,
for I had letters of the soldan with his great seal, and commonly other
men have but his signet. In the which letters he commanded, of his
special grace, to all his subjects, to let me see all the places, and to
inform me pleinly all the mysteries of every place, and to conduct me
from city to city, if it were need, and buxomly to receive me and my
company, and for to obey to all my requests reasonable if they were not
greatly against the royal power and dignity of the soldan or of his law.
And to others, that ask him grace, such as have served him, he ne giveth
not but his signet, the which they make to be borne before them hanging
on a spear. And the folk of the country do great worship and reverence
to his signet or seal, and kneel thereto as lowly as we do to _Corpus
Domini_. And yet men do full greater reverence to his letters; for the
admiral and all other lords that they be shewed to, before or they
receive them, they kneel down; and then they take them and put them on
their heads; and after, they kiss them and then they read them, kneeling
with great reverence; and then they offer them to do all that the bearer
asketh.
And in this _Templum Domini_ were some-time canons regulars, and they had
an abbot to whom they were obedient; and in this temple was Charlemagne
when that the angel brought him the prepuce of our Lord Jesus Christ of
his circumcision; and after, King Charles let bring it to Paris into his
chapel, and after that he let bring it to Peyteres, and after that to
Chartres.
And ye shall understand, that this is not the temple that Solomon made,
for that temple dured not but 1102 year. For Titus, Vespasian’s son,
Emperor of Rome, had laid siege about Jerusalem for to discomfit the
Jews; for they put our Lord to death, without leave of the emperor. And,
when he had won the city, he burnt the temple and beat it down, and all
the city, and took the Jews and did them to death—1,100,000; and the
others he put in prison and sold them to servage,—thirty for one penny;
for they said they bought Jesu for thirty pennies, and he made of them
better cheap when he gave thirty for one penny.
And after that time, Julian Apostate, that was emperor, gave leave to the
Jews to make the temple of Jerusalem, for he hated Christian men. And
yet he was christened, but he forsook his law, and became a renegade.
And when the Jews had made the temple, came an earthquaking, and cast it
down (as God would) and destroyed all that they had made.
And after that, Adrian, that was Emperor of Rome, and of the lineage of
Troy, made Jerusalem again and the temple in the same manner as Solomon
made it. And he would not suffer no Jews to dwell there, but only
Christian men. For although it were so that he was not christened, yet
he loved Christian men more than any other nation save his own. This
emperor let enclose the church of Saint Sepulchre, and walled it within
the city; that, before, was without the city, long time before. And he
would have changed the name of Jerusalem, and have clept it Aelia; but
that name lasted not long.
Also, ye shall understand, that the Saracens do much reverence to that
temple, and they say, that that place is right holy. And when they go in
they go bare-foot, and kneel many times. And when my fellows and I saw
that, when we came in we did off our shoes and came in bare-foot, and
thought that we should do as much worship and reverence thereto, as any
of the misbelieving men should, and as great compunction in heart to
have.
This temple is sixty-four cubits of wideness, and as many in length; and
of height it is six score cubits. And it is within, all about, made with
pillars of marble. And in the middle place of the temple be many high
stages, of fourteen degrees of height, made with good pillars all about:
and this place the Jews call _Sancta Sanctorum_; that is to say, ‘Holy of
Hallows.’ And, in that place, cometh no man save only their prelate,
that maketh their sacrifice. And the folk stand all about, in diverse
stages, after they be of dignity or of worship, so that they all may see
the sacrifice. And in that temple be four entries, and the gates be of
cypress, well made and curiously dight: and within the east gate our Lord
said, ‘Here is Jerusalem.’ And in the north side of that temple, within
the gate, there is a well, but it runneth nought, of the which holy writ
speaketh of and saith, _Vidi aquam egredientem de templo_; that is to
say, ‘I saw water come out of the temple.’
And on that other side of the temple there is a rock that men clepe
Moriach, but after it was clept Bethel, where the ark of God with relics
of Jews were wont to be put. That ark or hutch with the relics Titus led
with him to Rome, when he had discomfited all the Jews. In that ark were
the Ten Commandments, and of Aaron’s yard, and Moses’ yard with the which
he made the Red Sea depart, as it had been a wall, on the right side and
on the left side, whiles that the people of Israel passed the sea
dry-foot: and with that yard he smote the rock, and the water came out of
it: and with that yard he did many wonders. And therein was a vessel of
gold full of manna, and clothing and ornaments and the tabernacle of
Aaron, and a tabernacle square of gold with twelve precious stones, and a
box of jasper green with four figures and eight names of our Lord, and
seven candlesticks of gold, and twelve pots of gold, and four censers of
gold, and an altar of gold, and four lions of gold upon the which they
bare cherubin of gold twelve spans long, and the circle of swans of
heaven with a tabernacle of gold and a table of silver, and two trumps of
silver, and seven barley loaves and all the other relics that were before
the birth of our Lord Jesu Christ.
And upon that rock was Jacob sleeping when he saw the angels go up and
down by a ladder, and he said, _Vere locus iste sanctus est_, _et ego
ignorabam_; that is to say, ‘Forsooth this place is holy, and I wist it
nought.’ And there an angel held Jacob still, and turned his name, and
clept him Israel. And in that same place David saw the angel that smote
the folk with a sword, and put it up bloody in the sheath. And in that
same rock was Saint Simeon when he received our Lord into the temple.
And in this rock he set him when the Jews would have stoned him; and a
star came down and gave him light. And upon that rock preached our Lord
often-time to the people. And out that said temple our Lord drove out
the buyers and the sellers. And upon that rock our Lord set him when the
Jews would have stoned him; and the rock clave in two, and in that
cleaving was our Lord hid, and there came down a star and gave light and
served him with clarity. And upon that rock sat our Lady, and learned
her psalter. And there our Lord forgave the woman her sins, that was
found in avowtry. And there was our Lord circumcised. And there the
angels shewed tidings to Zacharias of the birth of Saint Baptist his son.
And there offered first Melchisadech bread and wine to our Lord, in token
of the sacrament that was to come. And there fell David praying to our
Lord and to the angel that smote the people, that he would have mercy on
him and on the people: and our Lord heard his prayer, and therefore would
he make the temple in that place, but our Lord forbade him by an angel;
for he had done treason when he let slay Uriah the worthy knight, for to
have Bathsheba his wife. And therefore, all the purveyance that he had
ordained to make the temple with he took it Solomon his son, and he made
it. And he prayed our Lord, that all those that prayed to him in that
place with good heart—that he would hear their prayer and grant it them
if they asked it rightfully: and our Lord granted it him, and therefore
Solomon clept that temple the Temple of Counsel and of Help of God.
And without the gate of that temple is an altar where Jews were in wont
to offer doves and turtles. And between the temple and that altar was
Zacharias slain. And upon the pinnacle of that temple was our Lord
brought for to be tempted of the enemy, the fiend. And on the height of
that pinnacle the Jews set Saint James, and cast him down to the earth,
that first was Bishop of Jerusalem. And at the entry of that temple,
toward the west, is the gate that is clept _Porta Speciosa_. And nigh
beside that temple, upon the right side, is a church, covered with lead,
that is clept Solomon’s School.
And from that temple towards the south, right nigh, is the temple of
Solomon, that is right fair and well polished. And in that temple dwell
the Knights of the Temple that were wont to be clept Templars; and that
was the foundation of their order, so that there dwelled knights and in
_Templo Domini_ canons regulars.
From that temple toward the east, a six score paces, in the corner of the
city, is the bath of our Lord; and in that bath was wont to come water
from Paradise, and yet it droppeth. And there beside is our Lady’s bed.
And fast by is the temple of Saint Simeon, and without the cloister of
the temple, toward the north, is a full fair church of Saint Anne, our
Lady’s mother; and there was our Lady conceived; and before that church
is a great tree that began to grow the same night. And under that
church, in going down by twenty-two degrees, lieth Joachim, our Lady’s
father, in a fair tomb of stone; and there beside lay some-time Saint
Anne, his wife; but Saint Helen let translate her to Constantinople. And
in that church is a well, in manner of a cistern, that is clept
_Probatica Piscina_, that hath five entries. Into that well angels were
wont to come from heaven and bathe them within. And what man, that first
bathed him after the moving of the water, was made whole of what manner
of sickness that he had. And there our Lord healed a man of the palsy
that lay thirty-eight year, and our Lord said to him, _Tolle grabatum
tuum et ambula_, that is to say, ‘Take thy bed and go.’ And there beside
was Pilate’s house.
And fast by is King Herod’s house, that let slay the innocents. This
Herod was over-much cursed and cruel. For first he let slay his wife
that he loved right well; and for the passing love that he had to her
when he saw her dead, he fell in a rage and out of his wit a great while;
and sithen he came again to his wit. And after he let slay his two sons
that he had of that wife. And after that he let slay another of his
wives, and a son that he had with her. And after that he let slay his
own mother; and he would have slain his brother also, but he died
suddenly. And after that he did all the harm that he could or might.
And after he fell into sickness; and when he felt that he should die, he
sent after his sister and after all the lords of his land; and when they
were come he let command them to prison. And then he said to his sister,
he wist well that men of the country would make no sorrow for his death;
and therefore he made his sister swear that she should let smite off all
the heads of the lords when he were dead; and then should all the land
make sorrow for his death, and else, nought; and thus he made his
testament. But his sister fulfilled not his will. For, as soon as he
was dead, she delivered all the lords out of prison and let them go, each
lord to his own, and told them all the purpose of her brother’s
ordinance. And so was this cursed king never made sorrow for, as he
supposed for to have been. And ye shall understand, that in that time
there were three Herods, of great name and fame for their cruelty. This
Herod, of which I have spoken of was Herod Ascalonite; and he that let
behead Saint John the Baptist was Herod Antipas; and he that let smite
off Saint James’s head was Herod Agrippa, and he put Saint Peter in
prison.
Also, furthermore, in the city is the church of Saint Saviour; and there
is the left arm of John Chrisostome, and the more part of the head of
Saint Stephen. And on that other side in the street, toward the south as
men go to Mount Sion, is a church of Saint James, where he was beheaded.
And from that church, a six score paces, is the Mount Sion. And there is
a fair church of our Lady, where she dwelled; and there she died. And
there was wont to be an abbot of canons regulars. And from thence was
she borne of the apostles unto the vale of Jehosaphat. And there is the
stone that the angel brought to our Lord from the mount of Sinai, and it
is of that colour that the rock is of Saint Catherine. And there beside
is the gate where through our Lady went, when she was with child, when
she went to Bethlehem. Also at the entry of the Mount Sion is a chapel.
And in that chapel is the stone, great and large, with the which the
sepulchre was covered with, when Joseph of Arimathea had put our Lord
therein; the which stone the three Marys saw turn upward when they came
to the sepulchre the day of his resurrection, and there found an angel
that told them of our Lord’s uprising from death to life. And there also
is a stone in the wall, beside the gate, of the pillar that our Lord was
scourged at. And there was Annas’s house, that was bishop of the Jews in
that time. And there was our Lord examined in the night, and scourged
and smitten and villainous entreated. And that same place Saint Peter
forsook our Lord thrice or the cock crew. And there is a part of the
table that he made his supper on, when he made his maundy with his
disciples, when he gave them his flesh and his blood in form of bread and
wine.
And under that chapel, thirty-two degrees, is the place where our Lord
washed his disciples’ feet, and yet is the vessel where the water was.
And there beside that same vessel was Saint Stephen buried. And there is
the altar where our Lady heard the angels sing mass. And there appeared
first our Lord to his disciples after his resurrection, the gates
enclosed, and said to them, _Pax vobis_! that is to say, ‘Peace to you!’
And on that mount appeared Christ to Saint Thomas the apostle and bade
him assay his wounds; and then believed he first, and said, _Dominus meus
et Deus meus_! that is to say ‘My Lord and my God!’ In the same church,
beside the altar, were all the apostles on Whitsunday, when the Holy
Ghost descended on them in likeness of fire. And there made our Lord his
pasque with his disciples. And there slept Saint John the evangelist
upon the breast of our Lord Jesu Christ, and saw sleeping many heavenly
privities.
Mount Sion is within the city, and it is a little higher than the other
side of the city; and the city is stronger on that side than on that
other side. For at the foot of the Mount Sion is a fair castle and a
strong that the soldan let make. In the Mount Sion were buried King
David and King Solomon, and many other kings, Jews of Jerusalem. And
there is the place where the Jews would have cast up the body of our Lady
when the apostles bare the body to be buried in the vale of Jehosaphat.
And there is the place where Saint Peter wept full tenderly after that he
had forsaken our Lord. And a stone’s cast from that chapel is another
chapel, where our Lord was judged, for that time was there Caiaphas’s
house. From that chapel, to go toward the east, at seven score paces, is
a deep cave under the rock, that is clept the Galilee of our Lord, where
Saint Peter hid him when he had forsaken our Lord. _Item_, between the
Mount Sion and the Temple of Solomon is the place where our Lord raised
the maiden in her father’s house.
Under the Mount Sion, toward the vale of Jehosaphat, is a well that is
clept _Natatorium Siloe_. And there was our Lord washed after his
baptism; and there made our Lord the blind man to see. And there was
y-buried Isaiah the prophet. Also, straight from _Natatorium Siloe_, is
an image, of stone and of old ancient work, that Absalom let make, and
because thereof men clepe it the hand of Absalom. And fast by is yet the
tree of elder that Judas hanged himself upon, for despair that he had,
when he sold and betrayed our Lord. And there beside was the synagogue,
where the bishops of Jews and the Pharisees came together and held their
council; and there cast Judas the thirty pence before them, and said that
he had sinned betraying our Lord. And there nigh was the house of the
apostles Philip and Jacob Alphei. And on that other side of Mount Sion,
toward the south, beyond the vale a stone’s cast, is Aceldama; that is to
say, the field of blood, that was bought for the thirty pence, that our
Lord was sold for. And in that field be many tombs of Christian men, for
there be many pilgrims graven. And there be many oratories, chapels and
hermitages, where hermits were wont to dwell. And toward the east, an
hundred paces, is the charnel of the hospital of Saint John, where men
were wont to put the bones of dead men.
Also from Jerusalem, toward the west, is a fair church, where the tree of
the cross grew. And two mile from thence is a fair church, where our
Lady met with Elizabeth, when they were both with child; and Saint John
stirred in his mother’s womb, and made reverence to his Creator that he
saw not. And under the altar of that church is the place where Saint
John was born. And from that church is a mile to the castle of Emmaus:
and there also our Lord shewed him to two of his disciples after his
resurrection. Also on that other side, 200 paces from Jerusalem, is a
church, where was wont to be the cave of the lion. And under that
church, at thirty degrees of deepness, were interred 12,000 martyrs, in
the time of King Cosdroe that the lion met with, all in a night, by the
will of God.
Also from Jerusalem, two mile, is the Mount Joy, a full fair place and a
delicious; and there lieth Samuel the prophet in a fair tomb. And men
clepe it Mount Joy, for it giveth joy to pilgrims’ hearts, because that
there men see first Jerusalem.
Also between Jerusalem and the mount of Olivet is the vale of Jehosaphat,
under the walls of the city, as I have said before. And in the midst of
the vale is a little river that men clepe _Torrens Cedron_, and above it,
overthwart, lay a tree (that the cross was made of) that men yede over
on. And fast by it is a little pit in the earth, where the foot of the
pillar is yet interred; and there was our Lord first scourged, for he was
scourged and villainously entreated in many places. Also in the middle
place of the vale of Jehosaphat is the church of our Lady: and it is of
forty-three degrees under the earth unto the sepulchre of our Lady. And
our Lady was of age, when she died, seventy-two year. And beside the
sepulchre of our Lady is an altar, where our Lord forgave Saint Peter all
his sins. And from thence, toward the west, under an altar, is a well
that cometh out of the river of Paradise. And wit well, that that church
is full low in the earth, and some is all within the earth. But I
suppose well, that it was not so founded. But for because that Jerusalem
hath often-time been destroyed and the walls abated and beten down and
tumbled into the vale, and that they have been so filled again and the
ground enhanced; and for that skill is the church so low within the
earth. And, natheles, men say there commonly, that the earth hath so
been cloven sith the time that our Lady was there buried; and yet men say
there, that it waxeth and groweth every day, without doubt. In that
church were wont to be monks black, that had their abbot.
And beside that church is a chapel, beside the rock that hight
Gethsemane. And there was our Lord kissed of Judas; and there was he
taken of the Jews. And there left our Lord his disciples, when he went
to pray before his passion, when he prayed and said, _Pater_, _si fieri
potest_, _transeat a me calix iste_; that is to say, ‘Father, if it may
be, do let this chalice go from me’: and, when he came again to his
disciples, he found them sleeping. And in the rock within the chapel yet
appear the fingers of our Lord’s hand, when he put them in the rock, when
the Jews would have taken him.
And from thence, a stone’s cast towards the south, is another chapel,
where our Lord sweat drops of blood. And there, right nigh, is the tomb
of King Jehosaphat, of whom the vale beareth the name. This Jehosaphat
was king of that country, and was converted by an hermit, that was a
worthy man and did much good. And from thence, a bow draught towards the
south, is the church, where Saint James and Zachariah the prophet were
buried.
And above the vale is the mount of Olivet; and it is clept so for the
plenty of olives that grow there. That mount is more high than the city
of Jerusalem is; and, therefore, may men upon that mount see many of the
streets of the city. And between that mount and the city is not but the
vale of Jehosaphat that is not full large. And from that mount styed our
Lord Jesu Christ to heaven upon Ascension Day; and yet there sheweth the
shape of his left foot in the stone. And there is a church where was
wont to be an abbot and canons regulars. And a little thence,
twenty-eight paces, is a chapel; and therein is the stone on the which
our Lord sat, when he preached the eight blessings and said thus: _Beau
pauperes spiritu_: and there he taught his disciples the _Pater Noster_;
and wrote with his finger in a stone. And there nigh is a church of
Saint Mary Egyptian, and there she lieth in a tomb. And from thence
toward the east, a three bow shot, is Bethphage, to the which our Lord
sent Saint Peter and Saint James for to seek the ass upon Palm-Sunday,
and rode upon that ass to Jerusalem.
And in coming down from the mount of Olivet, toward the east, is a castle
that is clept Bethany. And there dwelt Simon leprous, and there
harboured our Lord: and after he was baptised of the apostles and was
clept Julian, and was made bishop; and this is the same Julian that men
clepe to for good harbourage, for our Lord harboured with him in his
house. And in that house our Lord forgave Mary Magdalene her sins: there
she washed his feet with her tears, and wiped them with her hair. And
there served Saint Martha our Lord. There our Lord raised Lazarus from
death to life, that was dead four days and stank, that was brother to
Mary Magdalene and to Martha. And there dwelt also Mary Cleophas. That
castle is well a mile long from Jerusalem. Also in coming down from the
mount of Olivet is the place where our Lord wept upon Jerusalem. And
there beside is the place where our Lady appeared to Saint Thomas the
apostle after her assumption, and gave him her girdle. And right nigh is
the stone where our Lord often-time sat upon when he preached; and upon
that same he shall sit at the day of doom, right as himself said.
Also after the mount of Olivet is the mount of Galilee. There assembled
the apostles when Mary Magdalene came and told them of Christ’s uprising.
And there, between the Mount Olivet and the Mount Galilee, is a church,
where the angel said to our Lady of her death.
Also from Bethany to Jericho was sometime a little city, but it is now
all destroyed, and now is there but a little village. That city took
Joshua by miracle of God and commandment of the angel, and destroyed it,
and cursed it and all them that bigged it again. Of that city was
Zaccheus the dwarf that clomb up into the sycamore tree for to see our
Lord, because he was so little he might not see him for the people. And
of that city was Rahab the common woman that escaped alone with them of
her lineage: and she often-time refreshed and fed the messengers of
Israel, and kept them from many great perils of death; and, therefore,
she had good reward, as holy writ saith: _Qui accipit prophetam in nomine
meo_, _mercedem prophetae accipiet_; that is to say, ‘He that taketh a
prophet in my name, he shall take meed of the prophet.’ And so had she.
For she prophesied to the messengers, saying, _Novi quod Dominus tradet
vobis terram hanc_; that is to say, ‘I wot well, that our Lord shall
betake you this land’: and so he did. And after, Salomon, Naasson’s son,
wedded her, and from that time was she a worthy woman, and served God
well.
Also from Bethany go men to flom Jordan by a mountain and through desert.
And it is nigh a day journey from Bethany, toward the east, to a great
hill, where our Lord fasted forty days. Upon that hill the enemy of hell
bare our Lord and tempted him, and said, _Dic ut lapides isti panes
fiant_; that is to say, ‘Say, that these stones be made loaves.’ In that
place, upon the hill, was wont to be a fair church; but it is all
destroyed, so that there is now but an hermitage, that a manner of
Christian men hold, that be clept Georgians, for Saint George converted
them. Upon that hill dwelt Abraham a great while, and therefore men
clepe it Abraham’s Garden. And between the hill and this garden runneth
a little brook of water that was wont to be bitter; but, by the blessing
of Elisha the prophet, it became sweet and good to drink. And at the
foot of this hill, toward the plain, is a great well, that entereth into
from Jordan.
From that hill to Jericho, that I spake of before, is but a mile in going
toward flom Jordan. Also as men go to Jericho sat the blind man crying,
_Jesu_, _Fili David_, _miserere mei_; that is to say, ‘Jesu, David’s Son,
have mercy on me.’ And anon he had his sight. Also, two mile from
Jericho, is flome Jordan. And, an half mile more nigh, is a fair church
of Saint John the Baptist, where he baptised our Lord. And there beside
is the house of Jeremiah the prophet.