of Löwenfeld, one of the most judicious authorities on sexual pathology.
Twenty-five years ago, as many will remember, the medical student was
usually taught that preventive methods of intercourse led to all sorts of
serious results. At that time, however, reckless and undesirable methods
of prevention seem to have been more prevalent than now.
[433] Michael Ryan, _Philosophy of Marriage_, p. 9. To enable "the
conservative power of the Creator" to exert itself on the myriads of
germinal human beings secreted during his life-time by even one man, would
require a world full of women, while the corresponding problem as regards
a woman is altogether too difficult to cope with. The process by which
life has been built up, far from being a process of universal
conservation, has been a process of stringent selection and vast
destruction; the progress effected by civilization merely lies in making
this blind process intelligent.
[434] Thus, in Belgium, in 1908 (_Sexual-Probleme_, Feb., 1909, p. 136), a
physician (Dr. Mascaux) who had been prominent in promoting a knowledge of
preventive methods of conception, was condemned to three months
imprisonment for "offense against morality!" In such a case, Dr. Helene
Stöcker comments (_Die Neue Generation_, Jan., 1909, p. 7), "morality" is
another name for ignorance, timidity, hypocrisy, prudery, coarseness, and
lack of conscience. It must be remembered, however, in explanation of this
iniquitous judgment, that for some years past the clerical party has been
politically predominant in Belgium.
[435] It has been objected that the condom cannot be used by the very
poorest, on account of its cost, but Hans Ferdy, in a detailed paper
(_Sexual-Probleme_, Dec., 1908), shows that the use of the condom can be
brought within the means of the very poorest, if care is taken to preserve
it under water when not in use. Nyström (_Sexual Probleme_, Nov., 1908, p.
736) has issued a leaflet for the benefit of his patients and others,
recommending the condom, and explaining its use.
[436] Thus, Kisch, in his _Sexual Life of Woman_, after discussing fully
the various methods of prevention, decides in favor of the condom.
Fürbringer similarly (Senator and Kaminer, _Health and Disease in Relation
to Marriage_, vol. i, pp. 232 et seq.) concludes that the condom is
"relatively the most perfect anti-conceptual remedy." Forel (_Die Sexuelle
Frage_, pp. 457 et seq.) also discusses the question at length; any
æsthetic objection to the condom, Forel adds (p. 544), is due to the fact
that we are not accustomed to it; "eye-glasses are not specially æsthetic,
but the poetry of life does not suffer excessively from their use, which,
in many cases, cannot be dispensed with."
[437] _L'Avortement_, p. 43.
[438] There are some disputed points in Roman law and practice concerning
abortion; they are discussed in Balestrini's valuable book, _Aborto_, pp.
30 et seq.
[439] Augustine, _De Civitate Dei_, Bk. XXII, Ch. XIII.
[440] The development of opinion and law concerning abortion has been
traced by Eugène Bausset, _L'Avortement Criminel_, Thèse de Paris, 1907.
For a summary of the practices of different peoples regarding abortion,
see W.G. Sumner, _Folkways_, Ch. VIII.
[441] _Die Neue Generation_, May, 1908, p. 192. It may be added that in
England the attachment of any penalty at all to abortion, practiced in the
early months of pregnancy (before "quickening" has taken place), is merely
a modern innovation.
[442] Even Balestrini, who is opposed to the punishment of abortion, is no
advocate of it. "Whenever abortion becomes a social custom," he remarks
(op. cit., p. 191), "it is the external manifestation of a people's
decadence, and far too deeply rooted to be cured by the mere attempt to
suppress the external manifestation."
[443] Cf. Ellen Key, _Century of the Child_, Ch. I. Hirth (_Wege zur
Heimat_, p. 526) is likewise opposed to the encouragement of abortion,
though he would not actually punish the pregnant woman who induces
abortion. I would especially call attention to an able and cogent article
by Anna Pappritz ("Die Vernichtung des Keimenden Lebens,"
_Sexual-Probleme_, July, 1909) who argues that the woman is not the sole
guardian of the embryo she bears, and that it is not in the interests of
society, nor even in her own interests, that she should be free to destroy
it at will. Anna Pappritz admits that the present barbarous laws in regard
to abortion must be modified, but maintains that they should not be
abolished. She proposes (1) a greatly reduced punishment for abortion; (2)
this punishment to be extended to the father, whether married or unmarried
(a provision already carried out in Norway, both for abortion and
infanticide); (3) permission to the physician to effect abortion when
there is good reason to suspect hereditary degeneration, as well as when
the woman has been impregnated by force.
[444] Cf. Dr. Max Hirsch, _Sexual-Probleme_, Jan., 1908, p. 23.
[445] Bausset (op. cit.) sets forth various social measures for the care
of pregnant and child-bearing women, which would tend to lessen criminal
abortion.
[446] Gomperz, _Greek Thinkers_, vol. i, p. 564.
[447] F.E. Daniel, President of the State Medical Association of Texas,
"Should Insane Criminals or Sexual Perverts be Allowed to Procreate?"
_Medico-legal Journal_, Dec., 1893; id., "The Cause and Prevention of
Rape," _Texas Medical Journal_, May, 1904.
[448] P. Näcke, "Die Kastration bei gewissen Klassen von Degenerirten als
ein Wirksamer Socialer Schutz," _Archiv für Kriminal-Anthropologie_, Bd.
III, 1899, p. 58; id. "Kastration in Gewissen Fällen von
Geisteskrankheit," _Psychiatrisch-Neurologische Wochenschrift_, 1905, No.
29.
[449] Angelo Zuccarelli, "Asessualizzazione o sterilizzazione dei
Degenerati," _L'Anomalo_, 1898-99, No. 6; id., "Sur la nécessité et sur
les Moyens d'empêcher la Réproduction des Hommes les plus Dégénérés,"
International Congress Criminal Anthropology, Amsterdam, 1901.
[450] Näcke, _Neurologisches Centralblatt_, March 1, 1909. The
original account of these operations is reproduced in the
_Psychiatrisch-Neurologische Wochenschrift_, No. 2, 1909, with an
approving comment by the editor, Dr. Bresler. As regards castration in
America, see Flood, "Castration of Idiot Children," _American Journal
Psychology_, Jan., 1899; also, _Alienist and Neurologist_, Aug., 1909, p.
348.
[451] It is probable that castration may prove especially advantageous in
the case of the feeble-minded. "In Somersetshire," says Tredgold ("The
Feeble-Mind as a Social Danger," _Eugenics Review_, July, 1909), "I found
that out of a total number of 167 feeble-minded women, nearly two-fifths
(61) had given birth to children, for the most part illegitimate.
Moreover, it is not uncommon, but, rather the rule, for these poor girls
to be admitted into the workhouse maternity wards again and again, and the
average number of offspring to each one of them is probably three or four,
although even six is not uncommon." In his work on _Mental Deficiency_
(pp. 288-292) the same author shows that propagation by the mentally
deficient is, in England, "both a terrible and extensive evil."
[452] This example is brought forward by Ledermann, "Skin Diseases and
Marriage," in Senator and Kaminer, _Health and Disease in Relation to
Marriage_.
[453] I may here again refer to Lea's instructive _History of Sacerdotal
Celibacy_.
[454] In England, 35,000 applicants for admission to the navy are annually
rejected, and although the physical requirements for enlistment in the
army are nowadays extremely moderate, it is estimated by General Maurice
that at least sixty per cent. of recruits and would-be recruits are
dismissed as unfit. (See e.g., William Coates, "The Duty of the Medical
Profession in the Prevention of National Deterioration," _British Medical
Journal_, May 1, 1909.) It can scarcely be claimed that men who are not
good enough for the army are good enough for the great task of creating
the future race.
[455] The recognition of epilepsy as a bar to procreation is not recent.
There is said to be a record in the archives of the town of Luçon in which
epilepsy was adjudged to be a valid reason for the cancellation of a
betrothal (_British Medical Journal_, Feb. 14, 1903, p. 383).
[456] _British Medical Journal_, April 14, 1906. In California and some
other States, it appears that deceit regarding health is a ground for the
annulment of marriage.
[457] Sir F. Galton, _Inquiries Into Human Faculty_, Everyman's Library
edition, pp. 211 et seq.; cf. Galton's collected _Essays in Eugenics_,
recently published by the Eugenics Education Society.
[458] For some account of the methods and results of the work in schools,
see Bertram C.A. Windle, "Anthropometric Work in Schools," _Medical
Magazine_, Feb., 1894.
[459] The most notable steps in this direction have been taken in Germany.
For an account of the experiment at Karlsruhe, see _Die Neue Generation_,
Dec., 1908.
[460] Wiethknudsen (as quoted in _Sexual-Probleme_, Dec., 1908, p. 837)
speaks strongly, but not too strongly, concerning the folly of any
indiscriminate endowment of procreation.
[461] On the scientific side, in addition to the fruitful methods of
statistical biometrics, which have already been mentioned, much promise
attaches to work along the lines initiated by Mendel; see W. Bateson,
_Mendel's Principles of Heredity_, 1909; also, W.H. Lock, _Recent Progress
in the Study of Variation, Heredity, and Evolution_, and R.C. Punnett,
_Mendelism_, 1907 (American edition, with interesting preface by Gaylord
Wilshire, from the Socialistic point of view, 1909).
[462] The study of the right conditions for procreation is very ancient.
In modern times we find that even the very first French medical book in
the vulgar tongue, the _Régime du Corps_, written by Alebrand of Florence
(who was physician to the King of France), in 1256, is largely devoted to
this matter, concerning which it gives much sound advice. See J.B.
Soalhat, _Les Idées de Maistre Alebrand de Florence sur la Puériculture_,
Thèse de Paris, 1908.
[463] Hesiod, _Works and Days_, II, 690-700.
[464] This has long been the accepted opinion of medical authorities, as
may be judged by the statements brought together two centuries ago by
Schurig, _Parthenologia_, pp. 22-25.
[465] The statement that, on the average, the best age for procreation in
men is before, rather than after, forty, by no means assumes the existence
of any "critical" age in men analogous to the menopause in women. This is
sometimes asserted, but there is no agreement in regard to it. Restif de
la Bretonne (_Monsieur Nicolas_, vol. x, p. 176) said that at the age of
forty delicacy of sentiment begins to go. Fürbringer believes (Senator and
Kaminer, _Health and Disease in Relation to Marriage_, vol. i, p. 222)
that there is a decisive turn in a man's life in the sixth decade, or the
middle of the fifth, when desire and potency diminish. J.F. Sutherland
also states (_Comptes-rendus Congrès International de Médecine_, 1900,
Section de Psychiatrie, p. 471) that there is, in men, about the
fifty-fifth year, a change analogous to the menopause in women, but only
in a certain proportion of men. It would appear that in most men the
decline of sexual feeling and potency is very gradual, and at first
manifests itself in increased power of control.
[466] See, in vol. i, the study of "The Phenomena of Sexual Periodicity."
[467] Among animals, also, spring litters are often said to be the best.
[468] Bossi's results are summarized in _Archives d'Anthropologie
Criminelle_, Sept., 1891. Alebrand of Florence, the French King's
physician in the thirteenth century, also advised intercourse a day after
the end of menstruation.
POSTSCRIPT.
"The work that I was born to do is done," a great poet wrote when at last
he had completed his task. And although I am not entitled to sing any
_Nunc dimittis_, I am well aware that the task that has occupied the best
part of my life can have left few years and little strength for any work
that comes after. It is more than thirty years ago since the first resolve
to write the work now here concluded began to shape itself, still dimly
though insistently; the period of study and preparation occupied over
fifteen years, ending with the publication of _Man and Woman_, put forward
as a prolegomenon to the main work which, in the writing and publication,
has occupied the fifteen subsequent years.
It was perhaps fortunate for my peace that I failed at the outset to
foresee all the perils that beset my path. I knew indeed that those who
investigate severely and intimately any subject which men are accustomed
to pass by on the other side lay themselves open to misunderstanding and
even obloquy. But I supposed that a secluded student who approached vital
social problems with precaution, making no direct appeal to the general
public, but only to the public's teachers, and who wrapped up the results
of his inquiries in technically written volumes open to few, I supposed
that such a student was at all events secure from any gross form of attack
on the part of the police or the government under whose protection he
imagined that he lived. That proved to be a mistake. When only one volume
of these _Studies_ had been written and published in England, a
prosecution, instigated by the government, put an end to the sale of that
volume in England, and led me to resolve that the subsequent volumes
should not be published in my own country. I do not complain. I am
grateful for the early and generous sympathy with which my work was
received in Germany and the United States, and I recognize that it has had
a wider circulation, both in English and the other chief languages of the
world, than would have been possible by the modest method of issue which
the government of my own country induced me to abandon. Nor has the effort
to crush my work resulted in any change in that work by so much as a
single word. With help, or without it, I have followed my own path to the
end.
For it so happens that I come on both sides of my house from stocks of
Englishmen who, nearly three hundred years ago, had encountered just these
same difficulties and dangers before. In the seventeenth century, indeed,
the battle was around the problem of religion, as to-day it is around the
problem of sex. Since I have of late years realized this analogy I have
often thought of certain admirable and obscure men who were driven out,
robbed, and persecuted, some by the Church because the spirit of
Puritanism moved within them, some by the Puritans because they clung to
the ideals of the Church, yet both alike quiet and unflinching, both alike
fighting for causes of freedom or of order in a field which has now for
ever been won. That victory has often seemed of good augury to the perhaps
degenerate child of these men who has to-day sought to maintain the causes
of freedom and of order in another field.
It sometimes seems, indeed, a hopeless task to move the pressure of inert
prejudices which are at no point so obstinate as this of sex. It may help
to restore the serenity of our optimism if we would more clearly realize
that in a very few generations all these prejudices will have perished and
be forgotten. He who follows in the steps of Nature after a law that was
not made by man, and is above and beyond man, has time as well as eternity
on his side, and can afford to be both patient and fearless. Men die, but
the ideas they seek to kill live. Our books may be thrown to the flames,
but in the next generation those flames become human souls. The
transformation is effected by the doctor in his consulting room, by the
teacher in the school, the preacher in the pulpit, the journalist in the
press. It is a transformation that is going on, slowly but surely, around
us.
I am well aware that many will not feel able to accept the estimate of the
sexual situation as here set forth, more especially in the final volume.
Some will consider that estimate too conservative, others too
revolutionary. For there are always some who passionately seek to hold
fast to the past; there are always others who passionately seek to snatch
at what they imagine to be the future. But the wise man, standing midway
between both parties and sympathizing with each, knows that we are ever in
the stage of transition. The present is in every age merely the shifting
point at which past and future meet, and we can have no quarrel with
either. There can be no world without traditions; neither can there be any
life without movement. As Heracleitus knew at the outset of modern
philosophy, we cannot bathe twice in the same stream, though, as we know
to-day, the stream still flows in an unending circle. There is never a
moment when the new dawn is not breaking over the earth, and never a
moment when the sunset ceases to die. It is well to greet serenely even
the first glimmer of the dawn when we see it, not hastening towards it
with undue speed, nor leaving the sunset without gratitude for the dying
light that once was dawn.
In the moral world we are ourselves the light-bearers, and the cosmic
process is in us made flesh. For a brief space it is granted to us, if we
will, to enlighten the darkness that surrounds our path. As in the ancient
torch-race, which seemed to Lucretius to be the symbol of all life, we
press forward torch in hand along the course. Soon from behind comes the
runner who will outpace us. All our skill lies in giving into his hand the
living torch, bright and unflickering, as we ourselves disappear in the
darkness.
HAVELOCK ELLIS.
INDEX OF AUTHORS.
Abdias
Achery
Acton
Adam, Mme.
Adler, Felix
Adler, O.
Adner
Aguilaniedo
Alebrand
Alexander, Dr. H.
Alexandre, Alcide
Allée, A.
Allen, L.M.
Allen, Mary W.
Ambrose, St.
Amélineau
Ammon
Amram, D.W.
Angela de Fulginio
Angus, H.C.
Anstie
Aquinas
Ardu
Arendt, Henrietta
Aretino
Aristotle
Aronstam
Ascarilla
Aschaffenburg
Astengo
Astor, Mary
Astruc
Athanasius
Athenæus
Audry
Augagneur
Augustine, St.
Aurientis
Ayala
Bacchimont
Bachaumont
Badley, J.H.
Baelz
Baer, K.M.
Baker, Smith
Balestrini
Ballantyne, Dr.
Ballantyne, Miss H.
Balls-Headley
Balzac
Bangs, L.B.
Bartels, Max
Basedow
Basil, St.
Bateson
Baumgarten
Bausset
Bax, Belfort
Bazan, Emilia Pardo
Beadnell, C.M.
Beddoes
Bedollière
Bell, Sanford
Benecke
Benedikt
Bentzon, Mme.
Bérault, G.
Berg, Leo
Bernard, St.
Berry, F.
Bertherand
Bertillon
Besant, Mrs.
Beza
Bierhoff
Birnbaum
Bishop, G.P.
Bishop, Mrs.
Blacker
Blake, William
Blandford
Blaschko
Bloch, Iwan
Bluhm, Agnes
Blumreich
Boccaccio
Bohier
Bois, Jules
Boissier, de Sauvages
Bollinger
Bölsche
Bonger
Bongi, S.
Bonhoeffer
Boniface, St.
Bonnifield
Bonstetten
Booth, C.
Booth, D.S.
Bossi
Bouchacourt
Bougainville
Bourget
Bouvier
Boyle, F.
Brachet
Braun, Lily
Brénier de Montmorand
Brénot, H.
Breuer
Brieux
Brinton
Brouardel
Brougham Lord
Brown, Dr. Charlotte
Bruns, Ivo
Brynmor-Jones
Bucer
Budge, A.W.
Buffon
Bulkley, D.
Büller
Bumm
Bunge
Burchard
Burdach
Buret
Burnet
Burton, Sir R.
Burton, Robert
Busch
Bushee
Butler, G.
Butterfield
Byers
Cabanis
Caird, Mona
Callari
Calvin
Calza
Canudo
Capitaine
Caron
Carpenter, Edward
Casanova
Caspari
Cataneus
Cattell, J. McKeen
Caufeynon
Cazalis
Chaignon
Chambers, E.K.
Chambers, W.G.
Chapman, G.
Chapman, J.
Cheetham
Cheng, Mme.
Cheyne
Child, May
Chotzen, M.
Chrysostom
Cicero
Ciuffo
Clapperton, Miss
Clappier
Clarke
Clement of Alexandria
Clement E.
Cleveland, C.
Clouston
Coates, W.
Codrington, R.W.
Coghlan
Colombey
Coltman
Commenge
Cook, G.W.
Cook, Capt. J.
Cooper, A.
Cope, E.D.
Correa, Roman
Coryat
Crackanthorpe
Cranmer
Crawley, A.E.
Crocker
Curr
Gushing, W.
Cyples
Daniel, F.E.
Dareste
Dargun
Darmesteter, J.
Darricarrère
Darwin
Daudet, A.
D'Aulnoy, Mme.
Daya, W.
Debreyne
D'Enjoy, Paul
Dens
Deodhar, Mrs. Kashibai
Descartes
Despine
Després
Dessoir, Max
Diaz de Isla
Diday
Diderot
Digby, Sir K.
Dill
Dluska, Mme.
Dodd, Catherine
Doléris
Donaldson, Principal
Donnay
Drysdale, C.R.
Drysdale, G.
Duclaux
Dühren, _see_ Bloch, Iwan.
Dufour, P.
Dukes
Dulaure
Dulberg
Dumas, G.
Duncan, Matthews
Dunnett
Dunning
Dupouey
Durkheim
Durlacher
Dyer, I.
Edgar, J. Clifton
Egbert, S.
Ehrenfels, C. von
Elliot, G.F.S.
Ellis, Sir A.B.
Ellis, Havelock
Ellis, William
Elmy, Ben., _see_ Ethelmer, Ellis.
Enderlin, Max
Engelmann
Ennius
Enzensberger
Erb
Erhard, F.
Escherich
Esmein
Espy de Metz
Ethelmer, Ellis
Eulenburg
Evans, Mrs. Grainger
Farnell
Farrer, R.T.
Federow
Ferdy, H.
Féré
Ferrand
Ferrero, G.
Ferriani
Fiaschi
Fiaux
Fielding
Finger
Fischer, W.
Fitchett
Flesch, Max
Flogel
Flood
Forberg
Forel
Fornasari
Fothergill, J.M.
Fouquet
Fournier
Fox, G.
Fracastorus
Fraser, Mrs.
Frazer, J.G.
Freeman
French, H.C.
Freud
Friedjung
Friedländer
Fuchs, N.
Funk, W.
Fürbringer
Fürth, Henriette
Gache
Gaedeken
Gallard
Galton, Sir F.
Gardiner, J.S.
Garrison, C.G.
Gaultier, J. de
Gautier, L.
Geary, N.
Gennep, A. Van
Gérard
Gerhard, Adele
Gerhard, W.
Gerson, A.
Gesell
Gibb, W.T.
Gibbon
Giles, A.E.
Giles, H.A.
Gillard, E.
Gillen
Gilles de la Tourette
Ginnell
Giuffrida-Ruggeri
Glück, L.
Godard
Godfrey, J.A.
Godwin, W.
Goethe
Gomperz
Goncourt
Goodchild, F.M.
Goring
Gottheil
Gottschling
Gourmont, Remy de
Graef, R. de
Graf, A.
Grandin
Green, C.M.
Gregory the Great
Gregory of Nazianzen
Gregory of Nyssa
Gregory of Tours
Gregory M.
Griesinger
Gross
Gross, H.
Grosse
Gulick, L.H.
Gurlitt, L.
Gury
Guttceit
Guyau
Guyot
Gyurkovechky
Haddon, A.C.
Hagelstange
Hale
Hall, A.
Hall, Stanley
Hall, W.
Haller
Hamilton, A.
Hammer
Hammond, W.A.
Hamon, A.
Hard, Hedwig
Hardy, Thomas
Harris, A.
Harrison, F.
Hartland, E.S.
Harwood, W.L.
Haskovec
Haslam, J.
Hausmeister, P.
Havelburg
Hawkesworth
Haycraft
Hayes, P.J.
Haynes, E.S.P.
Hegar
Heidenhain, A.
Heidingsfeld
Heimann
Hellmann
Hellpach
Helme, T.A.
Helvétius
Herbert, Auberon
Herman, G.
Hermant, A.
Herodotus
Heron
Hesiod
Hiller
Hinton
Hirsch, Max
Hirschfeld, Magnus
Hirth, G.
Hobhouse, L.T.
Hobson, J.A.
Hoffmann, E.
Holbach
Holder, A.B.
Holmes, T.
Holt, R.B.
Hopkins, Ellice
Hort
Houzel
Howard, G.B.
Howitt, A.W.
Hudrey-Menos, J.
Hughes, C.H.
Humboldt, W. Von
Hutchinson, Sir J.
Hutchinson, Woods
Hyde, J.N.
Hyrtl
Inderwick
Ivens, F.
Jacobi, Mary P.
Jacobsohn, L.
Janet
Janke
Jastrow, M.
Jeannel
Jellinek, C.
Jentsch, K.
Jerome, H.
John of Salisbury
Jones, Sir W.
Jullien
Kaan
Kalbeck
Karin, Karina
Keller, G.
Kelly, H.A.
Kennedy, Helen
Key, Ellen
Keyes, E.L.
Kiernan
Kind, A.
Kingsley, C.
Kirk, E.B.
Kisch
Klotz
Knott, J.
Kossmann
Kowalewsky, Sophie
Krafft-Ebing
Krauss, F.S.
Krukenberg, Frau
Kubary
Kullberg
Kurella
Lacroix, P.
Lafargue, Paul
La Jeunesse, E.
Lallemand
Lambkin
Lancaster
Landor
Landret
Langsdorf
Lapie
Laplace
Lasco, John à
Lauvergne
Laycock
Lea
Lecky
Lederer
Ledermann
Lee, Sidney
Lefebvre, A.
Legg, J.W.
Lemonnier, C.
Lenkei
Lepage
Letourneux
Lévy-Bruhl
Lewis, Denslow
Lewitt
Leyboff
Lilienthal
Lindsey, B.B.
Lippert
Lischnewska, Maria
Liszt
Livingstone, W.P.
Lock, W.H.
Logan
Lombroso
Löwenfeld
Lowndes
Lucas, Clement
Lucretius
Lumholtz
Luther
Lydston
Lyttelton, E.
Maberly, G.C.
MacMurchy, Dr. Helen
Macvie
Madam, M.
Maeterlinck
Magruder, J.
Maillard-Brune
Maine
Maitland
Malthus
Mandeville, B.
Mannhardt
Mantegazza, A.
Mantegazza, P.
Marçais
Marchesini
Marcuse, J.
Marcuse, M.
Margueritte, P.
Margueritte, V.
Marholm, L.
Marro
Martindale, Miss
Martineau
Marx, V.
Massalongo
Masson
Mathews, A.
Mathews, R.H.
Matignon
Maudsley
Maurice, General
Mayor
Mayreder, Rosa
McBride, G.H.
McCleary, G.F.
McIlquham
Melancthon
Menger, A. von
Menjago
Mensinga
Meredith, G.
Mérimée
Merrick
Metchnikoff
Meyer-Benfey, H.
Meyer, Bruno
Meyer, E.H.
Meyrick
Michelet
Michels, R.
Migne
Mill, J.
Mill, J.S.
Millais, J.G.
Miller, Noyes
Miln, L.J.
Milner
Milton
Möbius
Molinari, G. de
Moll
Mönkemöller
Montaigne
Montesquieu
Montmorency
Mookerji
Moore, Samson
Morasso
More, Sir T.
Moreau, Christophe
Morley, Lord
Morley, Margaret
Morris, William
Morrow
Mortimer, G.
Moryson, Fynes
Mott, F.W.
Multatuli
Münsterberg
Murray, Gilbert
Mylott
Näcke
Naumann, F.
Nefzaoui
Neisser
Neugebauer
Newman, G.
Newsholme, A.
Niessen, Max von
Nietzold
Nietzsche
Niven
Noble, M.
Noggerath
Northcote, Rev. H.
Notthaft
Noyes, J.H.
Nyström
Obersteiner
Obici
Odo of Cluny
Oefele
Okamura
Olberg, Oda
Omer, Haleby
Ostwald, H.
Ott
Ovid
Owen, R.D.
Paget, Sir J.
Palladius
Pappritz, Anna
Parent-Duchâtelet
Paré
Parsons, E.C.
Parsons, J.
Patmore, C.
Paton, Noel
Paul, Dr. H.
Paulucci de Calboli
Paulus
Pearson, K.
Péchin
Pepys
Pernet
Perruc
Perry-Coste
Petermann, J.
Petrie, Flinders
Picard
Pike
Pinard
Pinkus
Pinloche
Place, Francis
Plato
Plarr, V.
Plautus
Playfair, Sir W.S.
Ploss
Plutarch
Pole, M.T.
Pollack, Flora
Pollock, Sir F.
Potter, M.A.
Potton
Power, D'Arcy
Powys
Prat
Price, J.
Prevost, M.
Prinzing
Probst-Biraben
Proksch
Pudor
Punnett
Pyke, Rafford
Querlon, Meusnier de
Quirós, C. Bernaldo de
Rabelais
Rabutaux
Raciborski
Radbruch
Ramdohr
Ramsay, Sir W.M.
Rasmussen
Ratramnus
Redlich
Reed, C.
Régnier, H. de
Reibmayr
Reinhard
Remo, P.
Remondino
Renan
Renooz, Céline
Renouf, C.
Renouvier
Restif de la Bretonne
Reuss
Reuther, F.
Revillout
Rhys, Sir J.
Ribbing
Ribot
Rich, H.
Richard, C.
Richard, E.
Richmond, Mrs. Ennis
Ritter, Dr. Mary
Robert, U.
Robertson, W.
Robinovitch, L.
Rogers, Anna
Rohde
Rohleder
Rolfincius
Rosenberg
Rosenthal
Rousseau
Routh
Rudeck
Rufinus Tyrannius
Ruggles, W.
Rüling, Anna
Ruskin
Russell, Mrs. Bertrand
Rust, H.
Rutgers
Ryan, M.
Ryckère, E. de
Sabine, J.K.
Sacher-Masoch, Wanda von
Sainte-Beuve
Saleeby
Salimbene
Salvat
Sanborn, Lura
Sanchez, T.
Sandoz, F.
Sanger
Sarraute-Lourié, Mme.
Schäfenacker
Schaudinn
Schlegel, F.
Schmid, Marie von
Schmidt, R.
Schneider, C.K.
Schopenhauer
Schrader, O.
Schrank
Schreiber, Adele
Schreiner, Olive
Schrempf
Schrenck-Notzing
Schroeder, E.A.
Schroeder, T.
Schultz, Alwyn
Schultze-Malkowsky, E.
Schurig
Schurtz, H.
Schwalbe
Scott, Colin
Scott, J.F.
Ségur
Seligmann
Sellman, W.A.B.
Sénancour
Seneca
Séropian
Sévigné, Mme. de
Seymour, H.J.
Shakespeare
Shaw, G.B.
Shebbeare, Rev. C.J.
Shelley
Sherwell
Shufeldt
Sidgwick, H.
Sidis, Boris
Sieroshevski
Simmel
Simon, Helene
Sinclair, Sir W.
Smith, Robertson
Soalhat
Somerset, Lady Henry
Sommer, R.
Soranus
Spencer, Baldwin
Spencer, Herbert
Spitta
Stanmore, Lord
Stefanowski
Stefánsson
Stevenson, R.L.
Stevenson, T.H.C.
Stöcker, Helene
Strampff
Stratz, C.H.
Streitberg, Gräfin
Ströhmberg
Sturge, Miss
Suidas
Sullivan, W.C.
Sumner, W.G.
Susruta
Sutherland, J.F.
Sutherland, W.D.
Sykes, J.F.J.
Tait, W.
Talbot, E.S.
Tammeo
Tarde
Tarnowsky, Pauline
Taylor, R.W.
Tenney
Tennyson
Terman, L.M.
Tertullian
Theresa, W.
Thomas, A.W.
Thomas, N.W.
Thomas, Prof. W.
Thomson, J.A.
Thoreau
Thuasne
Tilt
Tobler
Todhunter
Tolstoy
Tout, C. Hill
Traill
Tredgold
Trewby
Troll-Borostyáni I. von
Trollope, A.
Turnbull
Ulpian
Ungewitter
Unna
Urquhart
Vacher de Lapouge
Valentino
Valera
Vanderkiste
Varendonck
Vatsyayana
Vaux, Rev. J.E.
Velden, Van den
Velten
Venette
Veniero
Vickery, A. Drysdale
Vinay
Vinci, L. de
Vines, Miss
Virchow
Vitrey
Voltaire
Vries, de
Wächter
Wagner, C.
Wahrmund
Wales, E.B.
Walter, J. von
Ward, Lester
Wardlaw, R.
Warker, Van de
Warren, M.A.
Wasserschleben
Watkins
Webb, Sidney
Weinberg
Weininger
Welander
Welch, F.H.
Wells, H.G.
Werthauer
Wessmann
Westermarck
Wharton
Wheeler, C.B.
Wheeler, Mrs.
Whitaker, Nellie C.
Whitman, Walt
Wiedow
Wilcox, Ella W.
Wilhelm
William of Malmsbury
Williams, Dawson
Williams, Hugh
Williams, W. Roger
Windle, C.A.
Wollstonecraft, M.
Yule, G. Adney
Zacchia
Zache
Zanzinger, E.
Zeno
Zoroaster
Zuccarelli
INDEX OF SUBJECTS.
Abortion,
arguments against
modern advocates of
the practice of
Abstinence,
alleged evil results of
alleged good results of
as a preparation for marriage
criticism of conception of
intermediate views of
moral results of
sexual, in relation to chastity
the problems of
Abyssinia,
prostitution in
sexual initiation in
Achilleus and Nereus,
legend of
Adultery
Africa,
chastity on West Coast of
Alcohol,
as a sexual stimulant
in pregnancy
in relation to the orgy
Alexander VI and courtesans
Ambil anak Marriage
America,
divorce in
marriage in
prostitution in
American Indians,
appreciate asceticism
sexual initiation among
their Sabbath orgies
words for love among
Aphrodite Pandemos
Art in relation to sexual impulse
Asceticism among early Christians
appreciated by savages
definition of
in religion
later degeneracy of
value of
Ascetics,
attitude towards sex of mediæval
Aspasia
Athletics for women
Aucassin et Nicolette
Australia,
marriage system in
saturnalian festivals in
sexual initiation in
Auvergne,
story of the Two Lovers of
Azimba Land,
sexual initiation in
Babies,
children's theories on the origin of
Babylonia,
high status of women in
religious prostitution in
Bawenda,
sexual initiation among
Beena marriage
Beethoven
Behn, Aphra
Belgium,
prostitution in
Bestial,
human sexual impulse not
Bible in relation to sexual education
Biometrics
Birth,
civilized tendency to premature
Birthrate,
decline of
Blindness in relation to gonorrhoea
Botany in sexual education
Bredalbane case
Breed _versus_ nurture
Bride-price
Brothel,
decay of
in ancient Rome
in the East
mediæval
modern defence of
modern regulation of
origin of
Bundling
Burmah,
prostitution in
Canon law,
defects of
its importance
origin of
persistence of its traditions
sound kernel of
Carlyle
Carnival,
origin of
Castration,
modern developments of
the practice of
Chastity among early Christians
definition of
girdle of
in modern Fiji
in what sense a virtue
modern attitude towards
Protestant attitude towards
romantic literature of
the function of
Child,
as foundation of marriage
characteristics of eldest born
its need of two parents
Childhood,
sexual activity in
sexual teaching in
China,
divorce in
prostitution in
Chivalry on position of women,
influence of
Christianity,
attitude towards chastity
attitude towards lust
attitude towards nakedness
failed to recognize importance of art of love
its influence on position of women
on marriage
mixed attitude towards sexual impulse
towards prostitution
towards seduction
Civilization and prostitution
and the sexual impulse
Coitus,
_a posteriori_
best time for
during pregnancy
ethnic variations in
excess in
injuries due to unskilful
_interruptus_
morbid horror of
needs to be taught
prayer before
proper frequency of
religious significance of
_reservatus_
Collusion,
doctrine of
Conception,
conditions of
prevention of
Concubine
Condom
Conjugal rights or rites
Consent,
age of
Consultation de Nourrisson
Contract,
marriage as a
Corinth,
prostitution at
Country life and sexuality
Courtesan,
origin of term
Courtship,
the art of
Criminality in relation to prostitution
Cyprus,
prostitution at
Dancing,
hygienic value of
as an orgy
D'Aragona, Tullia
Divorce,
by mutual consent
causes for
in ancient Rome
in ancient Wales
in China
in England
in France
in Germany
in Japan
in Russia
in Switzerland
in United States
Milton's views on
modern tendency of
Protestant attitude towards
question of damages for
reform of
tendency of legislation regarding
transmission of venereal disease as a cause for
Drama,
modern function of the
Dysmenorrhoea
Economic factor,
of marriage
of prostitution
Education in matters of sex
for women
Egypt,
high status of women in
Eldest born child,
characteristics of
England,
marriage in
prostitution in
Erotic element in marriage
Eskimo,
divorce among
sexual initiation among
Eugenics
false ideas of
foundation by Galton
importance of environment in relation to
in relation to castration
Noyes a pioneer in
positive
wide acceptance of principle of
Excretory centers as affecting estimate of sexual impulse
Exogamy,
origin of
Families and degeneracy,
large
Father in relation to family
Fecundation,
artificial
Festivals,
seasonal
Fidus
Fiji,
chastity in
Flirtation
Fools, Feast of
Fornication,
theological doctrine of
France,
divorce in
prostitution in
Franco, Veronica
Gallantry,
the ancient conception of
Geisha, the
General paralysis and syphilis
Genius,
in relation to chastity
in relation to love
Germany,
divorce in
marriage in
prostitution in
Gestation,
length of
Girdle of chastity
Girls,
interest in sex matters
masculine ideals of
Girls,
sex education of
their need of sexual knowledge
Gnostic elements in early Christian literature
Goddesses in forefront of primitive pantheons
Gonorrhoea,
nature and results of
_And see_ Venereal Diseases.
Goutte de Lait
Greeks,
origin of their drama
prudery among
rarity of ideal sexual love among
their attitude towards nakedness
their conception of the orgy
their erotic writings
Group-marriage
Gynæcocracy,
alleged primitive
Hetairæ
Hindu attitude towards sex
Holland,
prostitution in
Homosexuality among prostitutes
Huddersfield scheme
Hysteria
Ideals of girls,
masculine
Illegitimacy
in Germany
Imperia
Impotency in popular estimation
Impurity,
disastrous results of teaching feminine
early Christian views of
India,
story of The Betrothed of
sacred prostitution in
Individualism and Socialism
Infantile mortality
in relation to suckling by mother
in relation to syphilis
Infantile sexuality
Insanity and prostitution
Intellectual work in relation to sexual activity in men
in women
Ireland,
divorce in
high status of women in ancient
Italy,
prostitution in
Jamaica,
results of free sexual unions in
Japan,
attitude towards love in
automatic legitimation of children in
divorce in
prostitution in
Jealousy
Jesus
Jews,
as parents
prostitution among ancient
status of women among
Judas Thomas's Acts
Kadishtu
Kant
Korea,
prostitution in
Lactation
Lectures on sexual hygiene
Lenclos, Ninon de
Love an essential part of marriage
art of
definition of
difficulties of art of
for more than one person
future development of
how far an illusion
in childhood
in relation to chastity
inevitable mystery of
its value for life
testimonies to immense importance of
Lust,
in relation to love
theological conception of
Lydian prostitution
Mahommedanism and prostitution
and sanctity of sex
its regard for chastity
Male continence
Malthus
Mammary activity in infancy
Manuals of sexual hygiene
Maoris,
results of loss of old faith among
Marriage,
advantages of early
ambil anak
and prostitution
as a contract
as a fact
as a sacrament
as an ethical sacrament
beena
by capture
certificates for
criticism of
evolution of
for a term of years
from legal point of view
in early Christian times
in old English law
in relation to eugenics
in relation to morals
in Rome
independent of forms
inferior forms of
love as a factor of
modern tendencies in regard to
objections to early
objects of
procreation as a factor of
Protestant attitude towards
trial
variations in order of
Masturbation among prostitutes
anxiety of boys about
in relation to sexual abstinence
Matriarchy,
alleged primitive
Matrilineal descent
Mendelism
Mendes,
the rite at
Menstruation,
brought on by sexual excitement
coitus during
hygiene of
instruction regarding
Missionaries' attempt to impose European customs
Modesty consistent with nakedness
Monogamy
Montanist element in early Christian literature
Morality,
meaning of the term
Motherhood,
early age of
endowment of
Mothers,
duty to instruct daughters
duty to suckle infant
responsibility for their own procreative acts
schools for
the sexual teachers of children
Mylitta,
prostitution at temple of
Mystery in matters of sex, evil of
Nakedness,
an alleged sexual stimulant
as a prime tonic of life
consistent with modesty
educational value of
hygienic value of
in literature and art
in mediæval Europe
in relation to sexual education
its moral value
its spiritual value
modern attitude towards
Neo-Malthusianism
Neurasthenia,
sexual
Newton
New Zealand,
result of decay of _tapu_ in
sexual freedom in ancient
Night-courtship customs
Notification of Births Act
venereal diseases
Nurture _versus_ breed
Nutrition compared to reproduction
Obscenity,
early Christian views of
Orgy,
among savages
in classic times
in mediæval Christianity
its religious origin
modern need of
Oneida Community
Ouled-Nail prostitution
Ovarian irritation
Ovid
Penitentials, the
Physician,
alleged duty to prescribe sexual intercourse
as a social reformer
his place in sexual hygiene
Platonic friendship
Poetry in relation to sexual impulse
Polygamy
Precocity,
sexual
Pregnancy,
among primitive peoples
coitus during
early
hygiene of
Premature birth
Procreation,
best age for
best season for
control of
its place in marriage
methods of control of
the science of
Promiscuity,
theory of primitive
Prostitutes,
as artists
as guardians of the home
at the Renaissance
attitudes towards bully
in Austria
in classic times
in France
in Italy
injustice of social attitude towards
number of servants who become
psychic and physical characteristics
tendency to homosexuality
their motives for adopting avocation
their sexual temperament
under Christianity
Prostitution,
among savages
as affected by Christianity
as an equivalent of criminality
causes of
civilizational value of
decay of State regulation of
definition of
economic factor of
essentially unsatisfactory nature of
in modern times
in relation to marriage
in the East
moral justification of
need for humanizing
on the stage
origin and development of
present social attitude towards
regulation of
religious
rise of secular
to acquire marriage portion
Protestantism,
attitude towards prostitution
Prudery in ancient times
Puberty,
initiation at, among savages
sexual education at
sexual hygiene at
Puericulture
Puritans,
attitude towards unchastity
towards marriage
Quaker conception of marriage
Rape,
cannot be committed by husband on wife
wedding night often a
Religious prostitution
Renaissance,
prostitutes at the
Reproduction compared to nutrition
Responsibility in matters of sex,
personal
Rest,
during pregnancy, importance of
during menstruation
Ring,
origin of wedding
Robert of Arbrissel
Romantic literature of chastity
love, late origin of
Rome,
attitude towards nakedness in ancient
conception of the orgy in
marriage in
prostitution in
status of women in
Russia,
divorce in
sexual freedom in
Sabbath orgy
Sacrament,
marriage as a
Sacred prostitution
Sale-marriage
Savages,
prostitution among
rarity of love among
sexual education among
Scandinavian method of dealing with venereal diseases
School,
its place in sexual education
Schools for mothers
Seduction,
early Church's attitude towards
Servants frequently become prostitutes
Sexual abstinence
Sexual anæsthesia,
a cause of
Sexual education
among savages
and coitus
and nakedness
Sexual hygiene and art
and literature
and religion
at puberty
at school
in childhood
in relation to sexual abstinence
Sexual innocence,
value of
Sexual morality
Sexual neurasthenia
Sexual physiology in education
Sexual precocity
Shakespeare in relation to sexual education
Slavs,
sexual freedom among
Socialism and individualism
Spain,
prostitution in
Stage,
prostitution on the
State,
its interest in children
nurseries
Sterility in relation to gonorrhoea
Stirpiculture
causes of
Stork legend of origin of babies
Suckling in relation to puericulture
Swahili,
sexual education among
Switzerland,
divorce in
prostitution in
Syphilis,
its prevalence
nature and results of
of the innocent
questions of the origin of
_And see_ Venereal Diseases.
Tahiti,
chastity and unchastity in old
Teachers and sexual hygiene
Teutonic custom,
influence on position of women
influence on marriage
Theatre,
as a beneficial form of the orgy
early Christian attitude towards
Thekla,
legend of
Town life and sexuality
Trappists,
régime of
Trent, Council of
Trial-marriage
Urban life and sexuality
Uterine fibroids
Vaginismus
Vasectomy
Venereal diseases,
conquest of the
free treatment of
need of enlightenment concerning
notification of
personal responsibility for
punishment for transmission of
Venice,
prostitution in
Virgin,
intercourse with as a cure for syphilis
original meaning of the term
Virginity,
why valued
Wagner's music dramas
Wales,
divorce in ancient
White slavery
Wife-purchase among ancient Germans
in modern times
Woman movement
Women,
alleged tendency to dissimulation
among the Jews
and sexual abstinence
erotic characteristics of
ignorance of art of love
in Arabia
in Babylonia
in Egypt
in modern Europe
in relation to divorce
in relation to free sexual unions
in Rome
inequality before the law
moral equality with men
must not be compulsory mothers
not attracted to innocent men
position as affected by Teutonic custom
procreative age of
their high status in ancient Ireland
their need of economic independence
their need of personal responsibility
their need of sexual knowledge
understand love better than men
Yakuts,
attitude towards virginity
Yuman Indians,
sexual initiation among
Zoölogy and sexual education