people of the country all say the same. Any other account of the matter
is fabulous nonsense. And I may add that they have, at Rome, a napkin
out of this stuff, which the Grand Kaan sent to the Pope, to make a
wrapper, for the Holy Sudarium of Jesus Christ.”
That extremely truthful person, Benvenuto Cellini, in his thoroughly
veracious autobiography, tells us the following _Snake Story_:--“When I
was about five years old, my father happened to be in a basement-chamber
of our house, where they had been washing, and where a good fire of
oak-logs was still burning; he had a viol in his hand, and was playing
and singing alone beside the fire.
“The weather was very cold. Happening to look into the fire, he spied in
the middle of those most burning flames a little creature like a lizard,
which was sporting in the core of the intensest coals. Becoming
instantly aware of what the thing was, he had my sister and me called,
and, pointing it out to us children, gave me a great box on the ears,
which caused me to howl and weep with all my might. Then he pacified me
good-humouredly, and spoke as follows: ‘My dear little boy, I am not
striking you for any wrong that you have done, but only to make you
remember that that lizard which you see in the fire is a salamander, a
creature which has never been seen before, by any one of whom we have
credible information.’ So saying, he kissed me, and gave me some pieces
of money.”
Even Topsell is half-hearted about its fire-resisting qualities, giving
no modern instances, and only, for it, quoting old authors. According to
his account, and to the picture which I have taken from him, the
Salamander is not a prepossessing-looking animal:--“The Salamander is
also foure-footed like a Lyzard, and all the body over it is set with
spots of blacke and yellow, yet is the sight of it abhominable, and
fearefull to man. The head of it is great, and sometimes they have
yellowish bellyes and tayles, and sometimes earthy.”
He also says its bite is not only poisonous, but incurable, and that it
poisons all it touches.
THE TOAD.
Toads were always considered venomous and spiteful, and they had but one
redeeming quality, which seems to be lost to its modern descendants:--
“Sweet are the uses of adversity;
Which, like the toad, ugly and venomous,
Wears yet a precious jewel in his head.”
(_As You Like It_, Act ii. sc. 1.)
Pliny says of these animals:--“Authors quite vie with one another in
relating marvellous stories about them; such, for instance, as that if
they are brought into the midst of a concourse of people, silence will
instantly prevail; as also that, by throwing into boiling water, a small
bone that is found in their right side, the vessel will immediately
cool, and the water refuse to boil again until it has been removed. This
bone, they say, may be found by exposing a dead toad to ants, and
letting them eat away the flesh; after which the bones must be put into
the vessel one by one.
“On the other hand, again, in the left side of this reptile there is
another bone, they say, which, when thrown into water, has all the
appearance of making it boil, and the name given to which is ‘apocynon’
(_averting dogs_). This bone it is said has the property of assuaging
the fury of dogs, and, if put in the drink, of conciliating love, and
ending discord and strife. Worn, too, as an amulet, it acts as an
aphrodisiac, we are told.”
Topsell writes so diffusely on the virtues of these “toad stones” that I
can only afford space for a portion of his remarks:--“There be many late
Writers, which doe affirme that there is a precious stone in the head of
a Toade, whose opinions (because they attribute much to the vertue of
this stone) is good to examine in this place.... There be many that
weare these stones in Ringes, beeing verily perswaded that they keepe
them from all manner of grypings and paines of the belly, and the small
guttes. But the Art, (as they term it) is in taking of it out, for they
say it must be taken out of the head alive, before the Toade be dead,
with a peece of cloth of the colour of redde Skarlet, wherewithall they
are much delighted, so that while they stretch out themselves as it were
in sport upon that cloth, they cast out the stone of their head, but
instantly they sup it up againe, unlesse it be taken from them through
some secrete hole in the said cloth, whereby it falleth into a cesterne
or vessell of water, into the which the Toade dare not enter, by reason
of the coldnes of the water....
“This stone is that which in auncient time was called _Batrachites_, and
they attribute unto it a vertue besides the former, namely, for the
breaking of the stone in the bladder, and against the Falling sicknes.
And they further write that it is a discoverer of present poyson, for in
the presence of poyson it will change the colour. And this is the
substaunce of that which is written about this stone. Now for my part I
dare not conclude either with it, or against it, for many are directlie
for this stone ingendered in the braine or head of the Toade: on the
other side, some confesse such a stone by name and nature, but they make
doubt of the generation of it, as others have delivered; and therefore,
they beeing in sundry opinions, the hearing whereof might confound the
Reader, I will referre him for his satisfaction unto a Toade, which hee
may easily every day kill: For although when the Toade is dead, the
vertue thereof be lost, which consisted in the eye, or blew spot in the
middle, yet the substance remaineth, and, if the stone be found there in
substance, then is the question at an end; but, if it be not, then must
the generation of it be sought for in some other place.”
THE LEECH.
The Leech has, from a very early age, been used as a means of letting
blood; but, among the old Romans, it had medicinal uses such as we know
not of now. It was used as a hair dye. Pliny gives two receipts for
making it, and it must have been powerful stuff, if we can believe his
authority:--“Leeches left to putrify for forty days in red wine, stain
the hair black. Others, again, recommend one sextarius of leeches to be
left to putrefy the same number of days in a leaden vessel, with two
sextarii of vinegar, the hair to be well rubbed with the mixture in the
sun. According to Sornatius this preparation is, naturally, so
penetrating, that if females, when they apply it, do not take the
precaution of keeping some oil in the mouth, the teeth, even, will
become blackened thereby.”
[Illustration]
Olaus Magnus gives us the accompanying picture of the luxurious man in
his arm-chair by the river-side, catching his own leeches, and suffering
from gnats; and also his far more prudent friend, who makes the
experiment on the vile body of his horse, and thus saves his own blood;
but he gives us no account of its habits and customs.
THE SCORPION.
Of the Scorpion, Pliny says:--“This animal is a dangerous scourge, and
has a venom like that of the serpent; with the exception that its
effects are far more painful, as the person who is stung will linger for
three days before death ensues. The sting is invariably fatal to
virgins, and nearly always so to matrons. It is so to men also, in the
morning, when the animal has issued from its hole in a fasting state,
and has not yet happened to discharge its poison by an accidental
stroke. The tail is always ready to strike, and ceases not for an
instant to menace, so that no opportunity may possibly be lost....
“In Scythia, the Scorpion is able to kill even the swine, with its
sting, an animal which, in general, is proof against poisons of this
kind in a remarkable degree. When stung, those swine which are black,
die more speedily than others, and more particularly if they happen to
throw themselves into the water. When a person has been stung, it is
generally supposed that he may be cured by drinking the ashes of the
Scorpion mixed with wine. It is the belief also that nothing is more
baneful to the Scorpion than to dip it in oil.... Some writers, too, are
of opinion that the Scorpion devours its offspring, and that the one
among the young which is most adroit avails itself of its sole mode of
escape, by placing itself on the back of the mother, and thus finding a
place where it is in safety from the tail and sting. The one that thus
escapes, they say, becomes the avenger of the rest, and, at last, taking
advantage of its elevated position, puts its parents to death.”
Topsell has some marvels to relate concerning the generation of
Scorpions:--“And it is reported by _Elianus_, that about _Estamenus_ in
India, there are abundance of Scorpions generated, onely by corrupt
raine water standing in that place. Also, out of the Baziliske beaten
into peeces, and so putrified, are Scorpions engendred. And when as one
had planted the herbe _Basilica_ on a wall, in the roome or place
thereof hee found two Scorpions. And some say that if a man chaw in his
mouth, fasting, this herbe Basill before he wash, and, afterwards, lay
the same abroade uncovered where no sun commeth at it for the space of
seaven nights, taking it in all the daytime, he shall at length find it
transmuted into a Scorpion, with a tayle of seaven knots.
“_Hollerius_, to take away all scruple of this thing, writeth that in
Italy, in his dayes, there was a man that had a Scorpion bredde in his
braine, by continuall smelling to this herbe Basil; and _Gesner_ by
relation of an Apothecary in Fraunce, writeth also a storie of a young
mayde, who by smelling to Basill, fell into an exceeding head-ach,
whereof she died without cure, and, after her death, beeing opened,
there were found little Scorpions in her braine.
“_Aristotle_ remembreth an herbe which he calleth _Sisimbriæ_, out of
which putrified Scorpions are engendered. And wee have showed already,
in the history of the Crocodile, that out of the Crocodile’s egges doe
many times come Scorpions, which at their first egression doe kill theyr
dam that hatched them.”
There is a curious legend, that if a Scorpion is surrounded by fire, so
that it cannot escape, it will commit suicide by stinging itself to
death.
THE ANT.
No one would credit the industrious Ant, whose ways we are told to
consider, and gather wisdom therefrom, was avaricious and lustful after
gold; but it seems it was even so, at least, in Pliny’s time; but then
they were abnormally large:--“The horns of an Indian Ant, suspended in
the temple of Hercules at Erythræ (_Ritri_) have been looked upon as
quite miraculous for their size. This ant excavates gold from holes, in
a country to the north of India, the inhabitants of which are known as
the Dardæ. It has the colour of a cat, and is in size as large as an
Egyptian wolf. This gold, which it extracts in the winter, is taken by
the Indians during the heats of summer, while the Ants are compelled, by
the excessive warmth, to hide themselves in their holes. Still, however,
on being aroused by catching the scent of the Indians, they sally forth,
and frequently tear them to pieces, though provided with the swiftest
Camels for the purpose of flight; so great is their fleetness, combined
with their ferocity, and their passion for gold!”
THE BEE.
The Busy Bee, too, according to Olaus Magnus, developed, in the regions
of the North, a peculiarity to which it seems a stranger with us, but
which might be encouraged, with beneficial effect, by the Temperance
Societies.
[Illustration]
The Bees infested drunkards, being drawn to them by the smell of the
liquor with which they had soaked their bodies, and stung them.
THE HORNET.
[Illustration]
So also, up North, they seem to have had a special breed of Hornets,
which must have been ferocious indeed, sparing neither man nor beast, as
is evidenced by the corpses, and by the extremely energetic efforts of
the yet living man to cope with his enemies.
[Illustration]
FOOTNOTES.
[1] Supposed to be Sumatra.
[2] γης κλειθρον, meaning the limit or boundary of the earth.
[3] The Gryphon must not be confounded with the Griffin, as will be seen
later on.
[4] The Roman cubit was eighteen inches, so that these men were nearly
eight feet high.
[5] From ἀπὸ τοῦ μονοῦ κώλου, “from having but one leg.”
[6] From Σκιαποῦς, “making a shadow with his foot.”
[7] See illustration, p. 9.
[8] Sparrow footed, from στροῦθος, a sparrow.
[9] Probably cotton.
[10] Or long livers, from μακρὸς, “long,” and βίος, “life.”
[11] A palm was three inches, so that these men would be eight feet
high.
[12] From Γυμνητὴς, one who takes much bodily exercise.
[13] Mirage.
[14] Other editions read _rough hair_.
[15] In Greek, Τοπάζω, means to guess, divine, or conjecture.
[16] Burn.
[17] Breast.
[18] At war.
[19] From τρεις, _three_, σπιθαμὰι, _spans_.
[20] Other editions say six or seven years.
[21] See his letters dated September 1888, which arrived in England
early in April 1889.
[22] Ox horns, horn cups.
[23] A lake between Macedonia and Thrace.
[24] The fishermen of lake Prasias still have lake dwellings as in the
time of Herodotus.
[25] The most abundant were the oyster, mussel, cockle, and periwinkle.
[26] Transactions of the Ethnological Society, 1866, vol. iv., p. 34.
[27] Thyrsi.
[28] The italics are mine.--J. A.
[29] From καταβλέπω, “to look downwards.”
[30] Spirals.
[31] Plaits.
[32] Taking the Ducat at 9s. 4½d., it would come to £37,000, but if this
were multiplied by three, the lowest computation of the value of money
then, and now, it would be worth considerably over £100,000.
[33] Another name for short--vide _Cutty pipe_--_Cutty sark_.
[34] “An unlicked cub” is a proverb which has sprung from this fable.
Aristotle was right when he said that bears when newly born were without
hair, and blind, but wrong in continuing “its legs, and almost all its
parts, are without joints.” Still, the popular idea that bears licked
their young into shape, lasted till very modern times, and still
survives in the proverb quoted. Shakespeare mentions it in 3 Henry VI.
iii. 2:--
“Like to Chaos, or an unlick’d bear whelp,
That carries no impression like the dam.”
And Chester, in his _Love’s Martyr_, speaking of the Bear, says--
“Brings forth at first a thing that’s indigest,
A lump of flesh without all fashion,
Which she, by often licking brings to rest,
Making a formal body, good and sound.
Which often in this iland we have found.”
[35] This use of bear’s grease is about 1800 years old.
[36] From Λεοντοφονος, the Lion Killer.
[37] Written to prove that this plant was the Cotton-plant.
[38] Melons.
[39] Wonder at.
[40] Alluding to the Catoblepon (see ante, p. 85), and its power of
killing animals and human beings with its eye. This power does not seem
confined to animals, for Sir John Mandeville says:--“An other yle there
is northward where there are many evill and fell women, and they have
precious stones in their eies, and they have such kinde y^t if they
behold any man with wrath, they sley them of the beholding, as the
Basalisk doeth.”
INDEX.
[Illustration]
INDEX.
Abarimon, _country of men with legs reversed_, 9.
Acanthis, the, 70.
Accursius, 147.
Achillium. See _Sponges_.
Ædonaus, 287.
Ægipanæ, _a name for Satyrs_, 57.
Ægithus, the, 70, 71.
Ægopithecus, the, 55.
Ælianus, 88, 93, 96, 148, 158, 212, 280, 331.
Æsalon, the, 70.
Æsculapius, 148.
Ætolia, 280.
Agatharcides, 10, 16.
Aïnos, the, _a hairy people of Japan_, 50, 51.
Albertus, 93, 100, 252.
Albinos, 10.
Alciatus, 65.
Aldrovandus, 47, 48, 81, 97, 154, 170, 171, 172, 179, 180, 204, 228,
256, 262, 270, 302, 317.
Alexander, 146.
Alumnus, 100.
Amahut, _a tree_, 67.
Amazons, 23;
_their fate after their defeat by the Greeks_, 24, 25;
_Sir John Mandeville’s account of them_, 25, 26;
_called Medusæ_, 85.
Ambergris, 222, 223.
Anclorus, the, 148.
Andrew, _an Italian_, 151.
Androgyni, _tribe of_, 11.
Animal lore, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71.
Ant, the, 71, 112, 332.
Antacæi (_whales without spinal bones_), 226.
Antelope, the, 145, 146.
Anthropophagi, 6, 9, 10, 18, 72.
Anthus, the, 71.
Anu, 80.
Apes, 65, 66.
Apocynon. See _The Toad_.
Apollonides, 12.
Apollonius, 58, 59.
Archelaüs, 21.
Archigene, 134.
Arctopithecus, the, _or Bear-Ape_, 55, 66.
Arimaspi, 8, 9.
Aristotle, 71, 105, 148, 156, 199, 201, 203, 248, 253, 262, 268, 286,
287, 323, 324, 331.
Artemidorus, 16.
Asbestos. See _Salamander_.
Astomi, _a people with no mouths, and who subsist by smell_, 15.
Ass, the, 70.
Ass, the Indian, 88.
Ass, the wild, 68.
Atergatis, 209.
Athenæus, 86.
Ausonius, 64.
Avicen, 72, 287.
B.
Baboons, 62.
Bacchantes, 80.
Bacchæ, _a name for Satyrs_, 56.
Baffin, 245.
Balæna, the, 239, 240.
Barnacle Goose, the, 174, 175, 176, 177, 178, 179.
Bartlemew de Glanville, 231.
Basilisk, 156, 317, 318, 319, 321, 331.
Batrachites. See _The Toad_.
Bear, the, 68, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114,
115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121, 122, 123, 124, 125, 148.
Bear-Ape. See _Arctopithecus_.
Bee, the, 112, 113, 332, 333.
Beeton, 10.
Bekenhawh, 189.
Bellonius, Petrus, 96.
Berosus, 79, 206.
Bevis of Hampton, 158.
Bird, Miss, 50.
Birds, peculiarities of, 204, 206.
Bishop-fish, the, 228, 230.
Boar, the wild, 69, 111, 139.
Boas, the, 289, 290, 291.
Bolindinata. See _Bird of Paradise_.
Boloma, the. See _Dog-fish_.
Bonosa, the, 193.
Bœothius, 228.
Borometz, the. See _Lamb Tree_.
Boscawen, W. St. Chad, 78.
Brazavolus, 94.
Bugil, the, 84.
Bull, the, _and Bears_, 109;
_and Wolves_, 137.
Bustard, the, 148.
C.
Cadamustus, Aloisius, 278.
Cadmus, 64, 65.
Cæsar, Julius, 46, 47, 148.
Calf and Wolves, 137.
Calingæ, _a tribe of India whose women conceive at the age of five
years and die at eight_, 17.
Callimachus, 285.
Calliphanes, 11.
Cambden, Mr., 144.
Camden, 177.
Camel, the, 148.
_Canis Lucernarius_, 150, 151.
Cardanus, Hieronimus, 53, 226, 287, 291, 305.
Cartazonon. See _Unicorn_.
Carthier, Jacques, 237.
Cat, the, 154, 155, 156.
Caterpillar, the, 71.
Catharcludi, _a tribe in India_, 14.
Catableponta, _name for Gorgon_, 84, 85, 318.
Cattle, _curious_, 23.
Cebi, the, 57.
Cellini, Benvenuto, 325, 326.
Centaurs, 65, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83.
Cephus, the, 74.
Cercopithecus, the, 52, 53.
Cetum Capillatum vel Crinitum. See _Whale, Hairy_.
Chameleon, the, 163.
Chimæra, the, 64, 170, 171.
Chiron, _the Centaur_, 79.
Chloræus, the, 69.
Choromandæ, _a nation without a proper voice_, 15.
Christie, Mr., _on Palæolithic remains_, 39.
Cicero, 12.
Circhos, the, 247.
Claudius, Emperor. See _Orca_.
Clayks. See _Barnacle Geese_.
Clement, Pope, 96.
Clitarchus, 16.
Cock, the, 156, 157.
Cock with serpent’s tail, 204, 205.
Cockatrice, the, 85, 317, 319, 320, 321, 322.
Cœlius, 77.
Condor, the, 183.
Conger Eel, the, 262.
Corocotta, the, 72.
Couret, M. de, 5.
Crab, the, 129, 267, 268.
Crane, the, 203.
Crannoges, 41.
Crates of Pergamus, 10, 17.
Crawford, John, 49.
Crayfish, 267.
Cristotinius. See _Lamia_.
Crocodile, the, 311, 312, 313, 314, 315, 316, 317.
Crocotta, the, 159.
Cronos, or Hea, 79.
Crow, the, 70, 129, 130, 131.
Ctesias, 4, 14, 16, 71.
Cuvier, 185.
Cyclops, 7, 65.
Cynocephalus, the, 55, 56, 63.
Cyrni, the, _who live 400 years_, 15.
D.
Dædalus, H.M.S., 274, 275, 276.
Dagon, 209.
Damon, 12.
Darwin, _Descent of Man_, 1;
_Tailed men_, 4;
_Shell-fish middens in Tierra del Fuego_, 42.
Davis, Barnard, 50.
De Barri, Gerald, 174.
Deer and Bears, 109.
De Leo, Ronzo, 31.
Demetrius, 121, 237.
Democritus, 131, 285, 306.
Denbigh Worme, the. See _Dragons_.
Descent of Man, 1.
De Thaun, Philip, 91.
De Veer, Gerat, 177.
Devil Whale, the. See _Trol Whale_.
Dingo, the, 126.
_Dinornis Giganteus._ See _Moa_.
Dion, 77.
Dog, the, 150, 151, 152, 153, 154.
Dog-fish, the, 255.
Dog, _the Mimic or Getulian_, 150, 151.
Dolphin, the, 242, 243.
Dordogne, _Palæolithic remains in caves at_, 39.
Dormouse, the, 67.
Draco, 64.
Dracontopides. See _Dragons_.
Dragon, the, 158, 162, 293, 294, 295, 296, 297, 298, 299, 300, 301,
302, 303, 304, 305, 306, 307, 308, 309, 310, 311.
Drake, Sir Francis, 177.
Du Bartas, 74, 168, 169, 179, 185, 186, 200, 202, 225, 230, 231,
243, 319.
Duck, the, 70;
_four-footed_, 203.
Dugong, the, 213.
Duret, Claude, 166.
Dwarfs, _with no mouth_, 19;
_mentioned in the Bible_, 26;
_Homer and the pygmies--battle with the Cranes_, 26, 27, 28;
_only twenty-seven inches high_, 28;
_their age_, 28;
_Spurious pygmies_, 28;
_Northern dwarfs_, 29;
_in America_, 29, 30, 31;
_African dwarfs_, 31, 32;
_their acuteness_, 33.
E.
Eagle, the, 69, 70.
Eale, the, 159, 160.
Echeneis, the. See _Remora_.
Edmund, St., 139, 140.
Eels, _thirty feet long_, 18.
Egede, Hans, 270.
Egemon, 280.
Egg, Remarkable, 179, 180.
Ehannum. See _Lamia_.
Eigi-einhamir. See _Were Wolves_.
Elephant, the, 100, 147, 163, 310, 311.
Elpis, 158.
Embarus, 123.
Emin Pacha, 32.
Empusæ. See _Lamia_.
Enchanters, _families of_, 11.
_Epyornis maximus_, 183.
Ethiopia, _wonders of_, 13.
Eudoxus, 15.
Euryale, 85.
F.
Fabricius, George, 61.
Falisci, or Hirpi, _a tribe unharmed by fire_, 12.
Farnesius, 90.
Fauns, 5, 56, 57, 60.
Ferrerius, Joannes, 95.
Fincelius, 146.
Fish, curious, 248, 249, 250, 251, 252, 253.
Fish, senses of, 258, 259.
Flavianus, 243.
Florentinus, 287.
Footless birds. See _Apodes_.
Formicæ Lions, 58.
Fox, the, 68, 70, 125, 126, 127, 128, 129, 130, 131, 132, 133, 134.
Fridlevus, 293, 294.
Frobisher, Sir Martin, 245.
Frog, the, 68.
Frotho, 293.
G.
Gækwar of Baroda, 129.
Gambarus, the, 244.
Gazelle, the, 67.
Geese, two-headed wild, 203.
Gellius, or Gyllius, Aulus, 158, 281, 302.
Geryon, 64.
Geskleithron, _dwelling of one-eyed men_, 8.
Gesner, 52, 97, 127, 179, 203, 212, 217, 226, 228, 229, 231, 233, 236,
244, 256, 262, 269, 305, 306, 312, 331.
Getulian Dog, the, 150, 151.
Giants, 13, 16, 17, 32;
_their stupidity_, 33;
_their sobriety_, 33;
_Starchaterus Thavestus_, 33, 34, 35, 36;
_Giants mentioned in the Bible_, 36;
_height of Adam, &c._, 37;
_Gabbaras_, 37;
_Posio and Secundilla_, 37;
_Sir John Mandeville’s giants_, 37, 38.
Gibson, Edmund, 177.
Giraldus Cambrensis, 77, 174, 175.
Gisbertus Germanus, 227, 228.
Gizdhubar, 78, 79, 80.
Glutton, the. See _Gulo_.
Goat, the, 128, 136.
Goblerus, Justinus, 306.
Gorgon, the, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87.
Gorgon blepen, _sharp-sighted persons_, 86.
Gould, Rev. S. Baring, 141.
Grevinus, 302.
Griffins, 8, 180, 181, 182, 183.
Gryphons, 8, 9, 181.
Guenon, the. See _Haut_.
Guillim, 89, 189.
Gulielmus Musicus, 305.
Gulo, the, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105.
Guy, Earl of Warwick, 157.
Gymnetæ, _who live a hundred years_, 16.
H.
Haafisch, the. See _Dog-fish_.
Haarwal, the. See _Whale, Hairy_.
Hakluyt, 237, 245.
Halcyon, the, 199, 200.
Hanno, 86.
Harald, King, 307, 308.
Hare, the, 68, 128.
Harmona, 64.
Harpe, the, _a falcon_, 70.
Harpy, the, 171, 172.
Hauser, Caspar, _a wild man_, 45.
Haut or Hauti, the, 66, 67.
Hawkins, Thos., 301, 302.
Hea, 79, 206, 207, 208, 209.
Hea-bani, 79, 80.
Hedgehog, the, 69, 111, 128.
Hegesidemus, 243.
Helcus, the. See _Sea Calf_.
Helen, 286.
Helladice, 208.
Hens, Woolly, 202.
Hentzner, Paul, 93.
Hermias, 243.
Herodotus, 8, 21, 23, 39, 140, 160, 226.
Heron, the, 70.
Hesiodus, 85.
Hippocentaur, the, 59.
Hippopotamus, the, 161, 312.
Hirpi, or Falisci, _a tribe unharmed by fire_, 12.
Hollerius, 331.
Homer, 75.
Hoopoe, the, 196.
Hornet, the, 333, 334.
Horse, the, 112, 138, 146, 147, 148, 149, 150.
Horstius, 227.
Hyæna, the, 74, 132.
Hydra, 64, 291, 292.
Hydrophobia, 152, 153.
I.
Ibis, the, 161.
Ichneumon, the, 70, 202, 315, 316.
Ichthyo Centaurus, the, 212.
Ierom, Saint, 59.
Illyrii, _a tribe having fascination in their eyes_, 12.
Incubi, 60.
India, _Wonders of_, 13.
Isodorus, 100.
Isogonus of Nicæa, 10, 11, 12, 15.
Istar, 80.
J.
James IV. and VI. of Scotland, 88.
Jeduah, the. See _Lamb Tree_.
Jerff. See _Gulo_.
Jocasta, 65.
Jochanan, Rabbi, 166.
Johnöen, Lars, 273.
Jovius, Paulus, 237.
Juba, 21.
Jugurtha, 86.
K.
Khumbaba, 79.
Kingfisher. See _Halcyon_.
Kite, the, 69.
Kjökkenmöddings, 41, 42, 43, 44.
Kraken, the, 244, 261, 262, 263, 264, 265, 266, 292.
L.
Lacus insanus, 23.
Laius, 65.
Lake dwellings, 39, 40, 41.
La Madelaine, _Palæolithic remains at_, 39.
Lamb tree, the, 165, 166, 167, 168, 169, 170.
Lambri, _Kingdom of_, 5.
Lambton Worme, the. See _Dragons_.
Lamia, the, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78.
Lane, Mr., 218.
Langa, the, 225.
Lapithæ, 80.
Lapwing, the, 196, 197.
Lee, Henry, 165, 292.
Leech, the, 329, 330.
Lemnius, Levinus, 320.
Lenormant, M., 208.
Leone, Giovanni, 198, 201.
Leonine Monster, a, 227.
Leontophonus, the, 158.
Leontopithecus, the, 55.
Leopard, the, 138.