[Illustration: Diagram of apparatus as described in text]
Let there be an empty vessel, and another containing wine: whatever
quantity of water we pour into the empty vessel, the same quantity of
wine and water mixed may be drawn off through a pipe in any proportion
we please; such, for instance, that there may be two parts of water to
one of wine. Let A B (fig. 24) be an empty vessel, either a cylinder
or a rectangular parallelopiped: by the side of this, and on the same
base, place another vessel, C D, perfectly air-tight, and, like A B,
either a cylinder or a rectangular parallelopiped; but the base of A B
must be twice as great as that of C D, as the water is to be the double
of the wine. Near C D place another air-tight vessel, E F, into which
the wine is to be poured; and between the vessels C D, E F, let a tube
run, G H K, perforating and soldered into their coverings. In E F let
there be a bent siphon, L M N, the inner leg of which must reach almost
to the bottom of the vessel, leaving only a passage for the water, and
the other, being bent within the vessel, lead into the next vessel, O
X. From this vessel let the tube P R lead through the vessels, or be
carried under the pedestal on which they stand, that it may readily
pass near the bottom of the vessel A B. Let another tube, T S, connect
the vessels A B, C D, and near the bottom of A B place a small pipe, U,
which with P R must be included in a larger pipe, Q W, provided with a
cock by means of which it may be opened or shut at pleasure. When these
preparations have been made, close the pipe Q W, and pour water into
the vessel A B; a part, viz. one half, will pass into C D, through the
tube S T, and the water which falls into C D will force out a mass of
air equal to itself through G H K into the vessel E F; in like manner
this air will force an equal quantity of wine into the vessel O X
through L M N. Now, if we open the pipe Q W, the water poured into the
vessel A B and the wine carried out of O X through the tube P R will
flow through it together: and thus what was proposed will be done. The
vessels will be empty again when, the mixed liquid having been all
discharged, the air enters them through the tube P R.
25. _A Vessel from which Wine flows in proportion as Water is
withdrawn._
[Illustration: Diagram of apparatus as described in text]
Let there be a vessel containing water, and a pipe in it provided with
a key or cock, and let a figure float on the surface of the water; then
if water, in any quantity, be drawn off through the pipe, wine shall
flow from the figure in any given ratio to the water drawn off. Let
A B (fig. 25) be the vessel of water, provided with a pipe, C, which
admits of being closed; and on the surface of the water let a basin,
D, float, in which is a perpendicular tube, E F, carved in the shape of
some animal. Place near another vessel, G H, containing wine, in which
is a bent siphon, K L M, one leg being within the vessel G H, and the
other without, conducting into the tube E F. Now if we draw the wine
through the lower mouth M, it will flow into the tube E F until the
surface of the wine in the vessel G H and in the tube E F shall be at
the same level. Let that level be in the line N X O P; and at the point
P fix an open pipe, R. Hitherto there is no discharge of wine, but, if
any quantity of water is drawn off through C, the basin D, and, with
it, the tube E F will sink, and the surface of the wine [in the tube]
will become lower than the surface N X; so that, the outer leg of the
siphon being depressed, the wine will again pass on into the tube E F
and run out through the pipe R. This will happen as often as we draw
off water through the pipe C, the wine flowing in a fixed ratio to the
water drawn off. The base of the vessel A B must bear the required
proportion to the base of G H; and thus what was proposed is done.
26. _A Vessel from which Wine flows in proportion as Water is poured
into another._
If it is required that the wine shall flow in a certain ratio to the
water we pour _into_ the vessel, we must proceed as follows. As before
let A B (fig. 26) be the vessel containing water, and G H that which
contains wine, but let the tube E F be outside the vessel A B. In A
B let a ball, D, float, from which a cord, passing over a pulley, S,
is attached to the tube E F so as to suspend it; and let all else
correspond with what was stated in the last paragraph. The result will
be that, when water is poured into the vessel A B, the ball D rising
will lower the tube E F, and the wine will flow again. This may be
effected in a different manner by attaching the cord from the ball D,
across the pulley S to another pulley, T and across that again to the
siphon K L. It will be found now that, when the ball rises, the siphon
K L M, being suspended by the cord, is lowered, so that, the outer leg
having again become the longer, the wine will flow through the mouth M.
[Illustration: Diagram of apparatus as described in text]