Clavell, Esq., of Langcotts and East Fossell).--No special provision
for allotment. Their Manorial Rights are not to be prejudiced by Act
except as regards ‘the Mines, Delves, and Quarries lying within and
under such Parts, Shares, and Proportions of the said Common Fields,
Meadow Grounds, Sheep Downs, Commons, Common Heaths and other Waste
Grounds, as shall or may be allotted and assigned to the several other
Freeholders and Owners of Lands’ within these Manors ‘or to any Person
or Persons not having any Lands within the said In-Parish or Manors,
or within the Precincts thereof as aforesaid, in Lieu of or as an
Equivalent for such Right or Claim as aforesaid; and other than and
except such Common of Pasture and other Common Rights as can or may be
claimed by or belonging to the Lord or Lords of the said Manors in and
upon the Premises so intended to be divided and inclosed as aforesaid.’
_Tithe Owners._--Tithe owners to have the same rights to Tithes over
the land about to be inclosed as they have over the lands already
inclosed.
If arable land is converted to pasture on inclosure (for Dairy Cows or
Black Cattle) then allottees shall pay an annual 3s. an acre to tithe
owners as compensation for corn tithes. Allotments given in virtue of
estates which are Cistertian Lands, are to be deemed Cistertian Lands
too, _i.e._ to have same exemption from tithes, but any Cistertian
Lands which are allotted are to be under the same obligations for
tithes as the estates in virtue of which they are allotted.
_Provision for the Poor._--None.
_Provision for Fuel Allotment._--Commissioners are to ascertain and
determine all Rights of Common over the land to be enclosed, and are
then to set out such part or parts ‘as shall appear to them to be
sufficient, and to be conveniently situate for the preserving and
raising Furze, Turf, or other Fuel, for the Use of the several Persons’
who shall appear to the Commissioners to be intitled to a Right of
Common.
_Allotment of Residue._--Amongst all persons who appear to the
Commissioners to be intitled to a Right of Common, or to have or be
intitled to any other Property in the said Common Fields, etc., in such
proportions as the Commissioners judge right ‘without giving any undue
Preference,’ and with due regard to Quality, Quantity, and Situation.
But the following Rules are to be observed with regard to proportions:--
(1) Common Fields and Sheep Downs are to be divided ‘by and according
to the Parts and Proportions of the Arable Lands lying in the said
Common Fields, where the said Parties respectively now are, or, at the
Time of such Allotments so as aforesaid to be made shall be intitled
to.’
(2) Meadow Grounds, Commons, Common Heaths, and other Waste Grounds
to be divided ‘according to the Sum or Sums of money which the said
Parties and each of them now stand charged with towards the Relief of
the Poor of the said Parish’ in respect of their lands which have right
of common.
_Special Clause._--In case it appears to the Commissioners that any
persons who have no land, nevertheless have a right of common, then
the Commissioners can allot such person such part of the land to be
inclosed as they think an equivalent for such right of common. In order
to prevent all Differences and Disputes, the Commissioners are to draw
up an Award, and this Award shall be binding and conclusive to all and
every Person and Persons interested. Failure to accept within 6 months
excludes allottee from all benefit and advantage of this Act, and
also ‘from any Estate, Interest or Right of Common, or other Property
whatsoever’ in any other allotment. (Saving clause for infants, etc.)
INCROACHMENTS.--Not mentioned.
FENCING, etc.--To be done by allottees in such proportions as
Commissioners direct. Such directions to be put in award, and to be
final and binding. Fences to be made within 12 months, or some other
convenient space of time.
If an allottee fails to fence, his neighbour can complain to a J.P.
(not interested in the inclosure), who can authorise complainant to do
it, and either charge defaulter or to enter on premises and receive
rents till expenses paid. _Exception._--Allotment of Copyholders and
leaseholders for one or more lives are to be fenced partly by the Lord
of the Manor and partly by the allottees in such proportion as the
Commissioners (or 4 of them) direct.
EXPENSES.--(1) Expenses of obtaining and passing the Act to be borne by
the Lords of the Manor.
(2) Expenses of carrying out the Act (survey, allotment, Commissioners’
charges, etc.) to be borne by the several allottees in proportion to
the Quantity of Land allotted to them, or otherwise as Commissioners
direct. _Exception._--Tithe owners’ share to be borne by the Lords of
the Manor. Commissioners can distrain for payment.
Trustees, Tenants in Tail or for Life may mortgage up to 40s. an acre.
COMPENSATION.--Leases and agreements at Rack Rent to be void, owners
making such compensation to Lessees as Commissioners judge right.
ROADS.--Commissioners have power to set out and shut up roads and
footpaths.
POWER OF APPEAL.--To Quarter Sessions only, and not when Commissioners’
determination said to be final.
AWARD.--August 17, 1771. With Dorset Clerk of Peace or of County
Council.
APPENDIX A (13)
QUAINTON.--ATTEMPTED ENCLOSURE, 1801
PARLIAMENTARY PROCEEDINGS.--_March 20, 1801._--Petition for enclosures
from ‘several persons.’ Leave given. Earl Temple, Sir William Young,
and Mr. Praed to prepare bill.
_April 2._--Bill read first time.
_April 13._--Petition from various proprietors of Lands, Common Rights,
and other Hereditaments against the bill, stating that enclosure ‘would
be attended with an Expence to the Proprietors far exceeding any
Improvement to be derived therefrom.’ Ordered to be heard on second
reading.
_April 15._--Bill read second time. Petitioners declined to be heard.
Bill committed to Mr. Praed, Earl Temple, etc.
_April 21._--Petition against the bill from various proprietors stating
‘that the Proprietors of the said Commonable Lands are very numerous,
and the Shares or Properties belonging to most of them are so small
that the proposed Division and Inclosure would be attended with an
Expence far exceeding any Improvement to be derived therefrom; and
that a great Majority in Number of the said Proprietors dissent to the
said Bill, and the Proprietors of more than One-third, and very nearly
One-half Part in Value, of the Lands to be inclosed, also dissent
thereto; and that many of the Clauses and Provisions in the said Bill
are also highly injurious’ to the petitioners.
Referred to the Committee. All to have voices.
REPORT AND ENUMERATION OF CONSENTS.--_June 12._--Mr. Praed reported
from the Committee that the Standing Orders had been complied with,
that the allegations were true, and that the Parties concerned had
given their consent (except the owners of Estates assessed to the Land
Tax at £39, 12s. 6-1/4d. who refused to sign the bill, and the owners
of Estates assessed at £3, 10s. 0d. who were neuter; and that the whole
of the Estates ‘interested’ were assessed at £246, 8s. 6d.).
Same day.--Petition against the bill from Richard Wood on behalf of
himself and other proprietors who were parties to the former petition,
Richard Wood being the only one left in London, setting forth ‘that
the said Bill proposes to inclose only a Part of the said Parish of
Quainton, consisting of 3 open Arable Fields, and about 280 Acres of
Commonable Land, lying dispersedly in, or adjoining to the said Open
Fields, the rest of the said Parish being Old inclosed Lands’; that the
agent for the bill had given the Committee a statement (1) of the names
of the persons interested; (2) of the amount at which these persons
were assessed to the Land Tax for their property throughout the parish,
according to which statement it appeared, first, that of the 34 persons
interested, ‘not being Cottagers,’ 8 assented, 4 were neuter, and 22
dissented; but that, second, as stated in terms of Land Tax Assessment,
£203, 5s. 11-3/4d. assented, and £39, 12s. 6-1/4d. dissented; that
this statement was wrong inasmuch as the proprietors of old inclosed
lands had in respect of old inclosures no rights over the commonable
lands, and that therefore no old inclosed land could rank as property
‘interested’ in the inclosure. The petitioners gave the following
enumeration of Consents as the correct one; whole quantity of land in
the Open Fields, ‘in respect of which only a Right of Common could be
claimed,’ 42-1/4 yard lands:--
Land belonging to those who assented, 21-3/4 yard lands
„ „ dissented, 19-1/2 „
„ „ were neutral, 1 yard land
or in terms of annual value--
Assenting, £406 10 0
Dissenting, 370 0 0
Neutral, 37 0 0
The petitioners further stated that their Counsel had offered to call
witnesses before the Committee to prove the above facts; that the agent
for the bill had retorted that old inclosed lands had a right in the
Commons, although he did not pretend that such right had ever been
enjoyed, or produce any witness to show that it had ever been claimed,
but supported his claim by quoting a clause in the bill by which it
was proposed that the Rector’s Tithes for the old inclosures as well
as the new should be commuted for an allotment of land; and that the
Committee refused to hear the evidence tendered by the petitioners’
Counsel. This Petition was referred to the Committee to whom the bill
was recommitted, and the bill was dropped.
APPENDIX A (14)
SUBSEQUENT HISTORY OF KING’S SEDGMOOR
In 1775, Mr. Allen, Member of Parliament for Bridgwater, tried to
get an enclosure bill passed. ‘Sanguine of success, and highly
impressed with the idea of its importance, he purchased a large
number of rights, and having obtained a signature of consents, went to
Parliament; but not having interest enough in the House to stem the
torrent of opposition, all his delusive prospects of profit vanished,
and he found himself left in a small but respectable minority.’[502]
No further attempt was made till 1788, when a meeting to consider
the propriety of draining and dividing the moor, was held at Wells.
‘At this meeting Sir Philip Hales presided; and after much abuse and
opposition from the lower order of commoners, who openly threatened
destruction to those who supported such a measure, the meeting was
dissolved without coming to any final determination.
‘The leading idea was, however, afterwards pursued, with great
assiduity, by Sir Philip, and his agent Mr. Symes of Stowey; and by
their persevering industry, and good management,’[503] application was
again made to Parliament in 1791.
PARLIAMENTARY PROCEEDINGS.--_February 18, 1791._--Petition from several
Owners and Proprietors for a bill to drain and divide the tract of
waste ground of about 18,000 acres called King’s Sedgmoor. Petitioners
point out that the moor is liable to be overflowed, ‘and thereby the
same is not only less serviceable and useful to the Commoners, but
also, by reason of the Vapours and Exhalations which arise from thence,
the Air of the circumjacent Country is rendered less salubrious’; also
that it would be ‘beneficial, as well to the wholesomeness of the
neighbouring Country as also to the Profitableness of the Pasturage of
the said Moor’ if it were drained and divided into Parochial or other
large allotments. The House was also informed that the expense of the
undertaking was not proposed to be levied by Tolls or Duties upon the
Parties interested.
Leave given. Mr. Philips and Sir John Trevelyan to prepare. February
28. Bill committed to Mr. Philips, Mr. Templar, etc.
REPORT AND ENUMERATION OF CONSENTS.--_March 7._--Mr. Philips reported
that the Standing Orders had been complied with, that the allegations
were true, and that the parties concerned had consented ‘(except the
Owners of 107 Rights on the said Moor, who declared themselves neuter
in respect to the Bill; and also except the Owners of 84 Rights, who
declared themselves against the Bill; and that the whole of the Rights
on the said Moor consist of 1740, or thereabouts; and that no Person
appeared before the Committee to oppose the Bill).’
The Bill passed Commons, March 9; Lords, April 15. Royal Assent, May 13.
Billingsley, after describing the attempts to enclose Sedgmoor, remarks
(p. 192): ‘I have been thus particular in stating the progress of this
business merely to show the impropriety of calling public meetings with
a view of gaining signatures of consent or taking the sense of the
proprietors in that way. At all publick meetings of this nature which I
ever attended noise and clamour have silenced sound sense and argument.
A party generally attends with a professed desire to oppose, and truth
and propriety have a host of foes to combat. Whoever therefore has
an object of this kind in view let him acquire consent by _private
application_; for I have frequently seen the good effects thereof
manifested by the irresistible influence of truth when coolly and
quietly administered; and it has frequently happened that men hostile
to your scheme have by dispassionate argument not only changed their
sentiment but become warm partisans in that cause which at first they
meant to oppose.’
The task of Sir Philip and Mr. Symes in acquiring consents by the
cool and quiet administration of truth must have been considerably
lightened by the fact that Parliament anticipated the Commissioners
with extraordinary accuracy in disregarding 55% of the claims. The
Commissioners, says Billingsley, investigated 4063 claims, of which
only 1798 were allowed. The Parliamentary Committee had asserted that
there were 1740 rights, ‘or thereabouts.’
The Act for draining and dividing King’s Sedgmoor is not, so far as we
have been able to discover, amongst the printed Statutes.
Particulars of the expenses are given by Billingsley (p. 196), who
estimates the area at 12,000 acres:--
£ _s._ _d._
To act of parliament and all other incidental expenses, 1,628 15 0
Interest of money borrowed, 3,239 4 11
Commissioners, 4,314 7 8
Clerk, 1,215 19 0
Surveyor, 908 12 6
Printers, 362 6 3
Petty expenses, 575 11 1
Land purchased, 2,801 4 11
Drains, sluices, bridges and roads, 15,418 2 8
Awards and incidentals, 1,160 0 8
------------
£31,624 4 8
-------------
About 700 acres were sold to discharge the expenses.
The drainage and division into parochial allotments was a preliminary
to enclosure of the different parochial shares, which was of course
made easier by the fact that 55% of the claims had already been
disallowed. In the years 1796, ’97, and ’98, fourteen Enclosure Acts
for the different parishes were passed.
(Butleigh and Woollavington, 1796. Aller, Ashcott, Compton Dundon,
Higham, Othery, Moorlinch, Somerton, Street, and Weston Zoyland, 1797.
Bridgwater, Chedjoy, and Midellzoy, 1798.)
Billingsley estimated that the total cost of subdividing parochial
allotments would be £28,000.
He also estimated that the value of the land rose from 10s. to 35s. an
acre.
FOOTNOTES:
[490] Referred to below as ‘A’.
[491] Referred to below as ‘B’.
[492] Note that the compensation to the Lords of the Manor added
together comes to less than one ninety-first part of the soil.
[493] _I.e._ lands over which there is right of common for half the
year between Michaelmas and Lady Day or Lammas and Lady Day.
[494] This referred to roads only, see Act.
[495] It took twenty-nine years.
[496] Sir James Lowther, afterwards Lord Lowther, who had originally
petitioned for enclosure, had died in 1802. He was succeeded by his
cousin, Wordsworth’s patron.
[497] These allotments were fenced by the other proprietors and did not
bear any of the expenses of the Act.
[498] Including 8 acres 1 rood 5 perches for rights of soil.
[499] Nine of them women.
[500] See p. 55.
[501] See Petition, p. 379, where nearly a hundred are said to do so.
[502] Billingsley’s _Somerset_, p. 191.
[503] _Ibid._, pp. 191-2.
APPENDIX B
BEDFORDSHIRE.--CLOPSHILL, 1795.[504]
FAMILY OF SIX PERSONS.
_Expences by the Week_-- £ _s._ _d._
Bread, flour, or oatmeal, 0 7 6
Yeast and salt, 0 0 3
Thread and worsted, 0 0 2
Bacon or other meat, 0 1 6
Tea, sugar, and butter, 0 0 10-1/2
Soap, 0 0 5
Candles, 0 0 5
Beer, 0 0 7
------------
Total of the Week, £0 11 8-1/2
------------
Amount per Annum, £30 8 10
Rent, 1 10 0
Wood, 1 12 6
Cloaths, 2 2 0
Sickness, 0 5 0
---------
Total Expences per Annum, £35 18 4
---------
_Earning per Week_--
The man, £0 7 6
The woman, 0 1 6
The children, 0 4 0
---------
Total of the Week, £0 13 0
---------
Total Earnings per Annum, £33 16 0
---------
_N.B._--‘The Harvest earnings not included: they go a great
way towards making up the deficiency.’
DORSET.--SHERBORNE, 1789.[505]
FAMILY OF FIVE PERSONS.
_Expences per Week_-- £ _s._ _d._
Bread, 0 3 0
Salt, 0 0 1-1/2
Meat, 0 0 8
Tea, etc., 0 0 2[506]
Cheese, 0 0 7
Milk, 0 0 4
Soap, 0 0 2-1/2
Candles, 0 0 6
Thread, etc., 0 0 1
---------
Total, £0 5 8
=========
Amount per Annum, £14 14 8
Rent, 2 0 0
Fuel, 3 18 0
Clothes, etc., 1 0 0
---------
Total Expences per Annum, £21 12 8
=========
_Earnings per Week_--
The man, £0 6 0
The woman, 0 2 6
---------
Total, £0 8 6
=========
Total Earnings per Annum, £22 2 0
=========
HAMPSHIRE.--LONG PARISH, 1789.[507]
FAMILY OF SIX PERSONS.
_Expences per Week_-- £ _s._ _d._
Bread or Flour, 0 5 0
Yeast and Salt, 0 0 3
Bacon or other Meat, 0 1 0
Tea, Sugar, and Butter, 0 0 6
Cheese, 0 0 5
Soap, Starch, and Blue, 0 0 2
Candles, 0 0 2
Thread, Thrum, and Worsted, 0 0 3
---------
Total, £0 7 9
=========
Amount per Annum, £20 3 0
Rent, Fuel (‘both very high and
scarce’), Clothes,
Lying-in, etc., 7 0 0
---------
Total Expences per Annum, £27 3 0
=========
_Earnings per Week_--
The man, £0 8 0
The woman, 0 1 0
---------
Total, £0 9 0
=========
Total Earnings per Annum, £23 8 0
=========
HERTS.--HINKSWORTH, 1795.[508]
FAMILY OF SIX PERSONS.
_Expences by the Week_-- £ _s._ _d._
Bread, flour, or oatmeal, 0 10 5
Heating the oven, 0 0 4
Yeast and salt, 0 0 4
Bacon or pork, 0 3 4
Tea, sugar, and butter, 0 1 9-1/2
Soap, 0 0 5
Cheese, 0 0 7-1/2
Candles, 0 0 4
Small beer, 0 0 6-3/4
Milk, 0 0 4
Potatoes, 0 1 3
Thread and worsted, 0 0 4
------------
Total of the Week, £1 0 0-1/2
============
Amount per Annum, £52 2 2
Rent, 2 0 0
Cloaths, 6 5 10
Fuel, coal, wood, etc., 3 15 3
Births and burials, 1 3 6
---------
Total Expences per Annum, £65 6 9
=========
_Earnings per Week_--
The man, £0 9 2-3/4
The woman, 0 1 6
The children, 0 4 8
------------
Total of the Week, £0 15 4-3/4
============
Total Earnings per Annum, £40 0 7
============
NORTHAMPTONSHIRE.--CASTOR, 1794.[509]
FAMILY OF SIX PERSONS.
_Expences per Week_-- £ _s._ _d._
Bread and Flour, 0 4 3
Salt, 0 0 1
Meat, 0 1 6
Tea, Sugar, and Butter, 0 1 1
Cheese (sometimes), 0 0 5
Soap 1/4 lb., Starch, etc., 0 0 2-1/2
Candles 1/2 lb., Thread, etc., 0 0 6
------------
Total, £0 8 0-1/2
============
Amount per Annum, 20 18 2
Rent, 1 15 0
Fuel and coals, 1 10 0
Clothing, 2 15 0
Lying-in, loss of time, etc., 1 10 0
---------
Total Expenses per Annum, £28 8 2
=========
_Earnings per Week_--
The man, £0 7 6
The woman, 0 0 10
The children, 0 0 4
---------
Total, £0 8 8
=========
Total Earnings per Annum, £22 10 8
=========
_N.B._--To the earnings may be added what is got by gleaning.
NORFOLK.--DISS, 1793.[510]
FAMILY OF SIX PERSONS.
_Expences by the Week_-- £ _s._ _d._
Bread, flour or oatmeal, 0 4 7-1/2
Yeast and salt, 0 0 2
Bacon or other meat, 0 0 3
Tea, sugar, and butter, 0 0 9-1/4
Soap, 0 0 2-1/4
Candles, 0 0 3
Cheese, 0 0 5-1/2
Milk, 0 0 6
Potatoes, 0 0 6
Thread and worsted, 0 0 2
------------
Total per Week, £0 7 10-1/2
============
Total per Annum, £20 9 6
Rent, 3 3 0
Fuel, 1 4 0
Cloaths, 2 3 0
Births, burials, sickness, 0 10 0
---------
Total Expenses per Annum, £27 9 6
=========
_Earnings per Week_--
The Man, £0 9 0
The Woman, 0 1 0
The Children, 0 1 6
---------
Total, £0 11 6
=========
Total Earnings per Annum, £29 18 0
=========
_N.B._--In 1795 the earnings of this family were the same but
their expenses had risen to £36, 11s. 4d. On bread they spent
8s. a week instead of 4s. 7-1/2d.
FOOTNOTES:
[504] Eden, vol. iii. p. cccxxxix.
[505] Davies, p. 152.
[506] Davies puts 1-1/2d., but this is probably a slip.
[507] Davies, p. 166.
[508] Eden, vol. iii. p. cccxlii.
[509] Davies, p. 176.
[510] Eden, vol. iii. p. cccxlvi.
CHIEF AUTHORITIES
_Journals of House of Commons_ for period.
_Journals of House of Lords_ for period.
Reports of Parliamentary Debates for period in _Parliamentary
Register_, _Parliamentary History_, _Senator_ and _Parliamentary
Debates_.
_Statutes, Public and Private_ for period.
_Enclosure Awards_ in Record Office or Duchy of Lancaster.
_Home Office Papers_ in Record Office.
_Parliamentary Papers_ for period; specially--
FOR ENCLOSURES--
Report from Select Committee on Standing Orders relating to Private
Bills, 1775.
Report from Select Committee on Waste Lands. Ordered to be printed
December 23, 1795.
Report from Select Committee on Waste Lands, 1797.
Report from Select Committee on Means of Facilitating Inclosure, 1800.
(Deals specially with Expense).
Report from Select Committee on Constitution of Select Committees on
Private Bills, 1825.
Report from Select Committee on Commons Inclosure, 1844.
FOR POOR LAWS--
Report from Select Committee on Poor Laws, 1817.
Report from Lords Committee on Poor Laws, 1818.
Report from Select Committee on Poor Laws, 1819.
Report from Select Committee on Relief of Able-Bodied from the Poor
Rate, 1828.
Report from Lords on Poor Law, 1828.
Documents in possession of Poor Law Commissioners, 1833.
Report of Poor Laws Commissioners, 1834
FOR GAME LAWS, CRIME, AND PUNISHMENT--
Report from Select Committee on Game Laws, 1823.
Report from Lords Committee on Game Laws, 1828.
Report from Select Committee on Criminal Commitments and Convictions,
1827.
Report from Select Committee on Criminal Commitments and Convictions,
1828.
Return of Convictions under the Game Laws from 1827-30.
Report from Select Committee on Secondary Punishments, 1831.
Report from Select Committee on Secondary Punishments, 1832.
Report from Select Committee on Transportation, 1838.
FOR OTHER SOCIAL QUESTIONS--
Report from Select Committee on Agricultural Distress, 1821.
Report from Select Committee on Labourers’ Wages, 1824.
Reports from Select Committee on Emigration, 1826-7.
Report from Select Committee on Agriculture, 1833.
Report from Select Committee on Allotment System, 1843.
Publications of Board of Agriculture.
_General Report on Enclosures_, 1808.
_Report on the Agricultural State of the Kingdom_, 1816.
_Agricultural Surveys_ of different Counties, by various writers,
alluded to in text as _Bedford Report_, _Middlesex Report_, etc.
_Annual Register_ for period.
_Annals of Agriculture_, 1784-1815 (46 vols.).
Cobbett’s _Political Register_, 1802-35.
_The Tribune_ (mainly Thelwall’s lectures), 1795-6.
Reports of the Society for Bettering the Condition and Improving the
Comforts of the Poor, (5 vols.), 1795-1808.
Ruggles, Thomas, _History of the Poor_, 1793 (published first in
_Annals of Agriculture_).
Davies, David, _The Case of Labourers in Husbandry stated and
considered_, 1795.
Eden, Sir Frederic Morton, _The State of the Poor or An History of the
Labouring Classes in England_, 1797.
The Works of Arthur Young, William Marshall, and other contemporary
writers on agriculture and enclosures; see list in Hasbach, _History of
the English Agricultural Labourer_.
Cobbett’s _Works_.
Dunkin’s _History of Oxfordshire_.
_Carlisle Papers, Historical MSS. Commission._
_Memoir of Lord Suffield_, by R. M. Bacon, 1838.
_Life of Sir Samuel Romilly_, 1842.
MODERN AUTHORITIES
Babeau, A., _Le Village sous l’ancien Régime_.
Curtler, W. H. R., _A Short History of English Agriculture_.
Eversley, Lord, _Commons, Forests, and Footpaths_.
Hasbach, Wilhelm, _History of the English Agricultural Labourer_.
Hirst, F. W., and Redlich, J., _Local Government in England_.
Hobson, J. A., _The Industrial System_.
Hudson, W. H., _A Shepherd’s Life_.
Jenks, E., _Outlines of Local Government_.
Johnson, A. H., _The Disappearance of the Small Landowner_.
Kovalewsky, M., _La France Économique et Sociale à la Veille de la
Révolution_.
Levy, H., _Large and Small Holdings_.
Mantoux, P., _La Révolution Industrielle_.
Porritt, E., _The Unreformed House of Commons_.
Scrutton, T. E., _Commons and Common Fields_.
Slater, G., _The English Peasantry and the Enclosure of Common Fields_.
Smart, W., _Economic Annals of the Nineteenth Century_.
De Tocqueville, _L’ancien Régime_.
Vinogradoff, P., _The Growth of the Manor_.
Webb, S. and B., _English Local Government_.--_The Parish and the
County._
---- _English Local Government_.--_The Manor and the Borough._
INDEX
Abel, Mr., 248. f.
Abingdon, 267;
Special Commission at, 305 f.
Abingdon, Lord, and Otmoor, 88, 91;
on Special Commission, 302.
Abree, Margaret and Thomas, 109 _n._
Adam, the brothers, 327.
Addington, H. _See_ Sidmouth.
---- Stephen, 31, 44.
Addington Hills, 48.
Addison, 325.
Aglionby, Mr., M.P., 53.
Agriculture, and enclosure, 36;
during French war, 166 ff.;
Brougham on, 171.
Aix, Archbishop of, 217.
Albemarle, Lord, 321.
Aldborough, 9.
Alderson, Justice, on Special Commissions, 272, 275, 277, 278, 281,
290, 293, 295, 298, 300;
and Looker case, 295 f.
Allotments, and enclosure, 84 ff.;
experiments, 154 ff.;
hostility of farmers to, 159 f.;
M. Chateauvieux on, 232 f.;
Suffield’s scheme in 1830, 322 ff.
Almack’s, 68, 70.
Althorp, Lord, 190, 202, 288;
Cobbett on, 313.
America, farmers in, 212;
Cobbett in, 235.
Amnesty Debate, 314.
Andover, 260, 280, 285.
Appeal, against enclosure award, 59 f.
Arbuthnot, J., 37, 81.
Aristocracy, contrast between English and French, 1 ff.;
control over all English institutions, 7 ff.;
Burke on, 24 f.;
characteristics, Chapter xiii.
Armley (enclosure), 51, 59, 60, and Appendix A (1).
Arson, in 1830, 243 ff., 268 f.;
penalties for, 273;
trials for, 309 f.
Artaxerxes, 70.
Arthur, Sir George (Governor of Van Diemen’s Land), 205, 324.
Arundel, 256.
Arundel, Lord, 261, 293.
Ash, 183.
Ashbury (enclosure), 43 _n._
Ashelworth (enclosure), 46, 50, 59, 98, and Appendix A (2).
Astley, Sir E., 71.
Aston, Tirrold, 263.
Atkins, Elizabeth, 102.
Attorney-General. _See_ Denman.
Aunalls, James, 285.
Austen, Jane, 214.
Avington, 258, 265.
Award, enclosure, 60.
Aylesbury, 132;
riots in 1795, 121;
Special Commission, 275, 306 f.
Azay le Rideau, 3.
Babeau, M., 1, 215, 223.
Bacon, R. M., 321.
Bagehot, W., 36.
Bagshot Heath, 40.
Bailiffs, 160, 213.
Baily, Mr., 97 _n._
Baker, Mr., M.P., and Settlement, 153.
Bakewell, 36.
Bamford, S., 213, 238.
Bampfylde, Copleston Warre, 65.
Barett, 293.
Baring, Bingham, 292, 304;
and Cook 286;
and Deacle case, 278, 287.
---- Sir Thomas, 187, 192, 284.
Barings, the, 243, 288, 302, 317.
Barkham, 82.
Barnes, 277.
---- Common, 31.
Barré, Colonel, 219.
Barton Stacey, 284, 285.
Basingstoke, 162 _n._, 289.
Baskerville, Mr., J.P., 297.
Bath, 121, 127, 130 _n._, 190 _n._
Bathurst, Lord, 56.
Batten, Matthew, 303.
Battersea, 30.
Battle, 248, 250, 253, 255, 256.
Beaconsfield, 135.
Beckett (the gaoler), 277.
Beckley, 88 f., 91.
Bedford, 152.
---- Gaol, account of prisoners in, 193.
Belgrave, Lord, 143.
Benett, John, M. P., and 1830 rising, 261, 291, 292, 315;
at Cobbett’s trial, 317.
Bennett, 263.
---- Cornelius, 303 f.
Benson or Bensington, 268.
Bentham, 203, 312;
on enclosure, 40;
on Pitt’s Bill, 150.
Bentley, 218.
Berkeley, Bishop, 175.
Berkshire, 30;
1830 rising in, 258 ff.;
prisoners, 308 _n._
---- Bread Act. _See_ Speenhamland.
Bernard, Scrope, 132.
---- Sir Thomas, on Lord Winchilsea’s allotments, 128, 155, 158 f.;
on minimum wage, 143;
on removals, 154 _n._
Betts, John, 102.
Bicester, 99 _n._
Billingsley, J., 37, 61 _n._, 98 _n._
Birdingbury, 100.
Birmingham, 115.
Bishop, Daniel, on poaching, 192, 196;
on 1830 rising, 248.
Bishop, 310 f.
Bishops, the, comparison of French and English, 217;
reforming, 218, 219.
Bishopstone (Wilts), (enclosure), 51.
Bishops Walthams, 159.
Bishton, Mr., 38.
Blackstone, 187, 203, 219;
on common rights, 29, 31;
on gleaning, 108.
Blake, Mr., of Idmiston, 295.
---- William, 326.
Blean, 310.
Blizzard, Thomas, 307.
Blomfield, Bishop, 219.
Blow, Charles, 246.
Board of Agriculture, and enclosures, 74 ff., 84;
questions to correspondents, 135, 176.
Bocking, 118.
Bolingbroke, Lord (author of _Patriot King_), 207.
---- ---- and Sedgmoor, 65.
Bolland, Mr. Justice, 302.
Bolnhurst (enclosure), 32.
Bologna, 326.
Booby, Lady, 18.
Borderers. _See_ Squatters.
Boroughs, disputes about franchise, 8;
Scot and lot, 8;
potwalloper, 9;
burgage, 9;
corporation, 10;
freemen, 11.
Bosanquet, Mr. Justice, 95, 274.
Boston, 10.
Boswell, Will, 102.
Botany Bay, 239.
Bourton, Charles, 294.
Boys, John (agriculturist), 160.
---- ---- (farmer, in 1830 rising), 282 f.
Bradley, 116 _n._
Bragge, Mr., M.P., 44 _n._
Bramshott, 260.
Brandon, 177.
Braunston (enclosure), 43 _n._
Bread, wheaten and mixed, 124, 126.
_See also_ Diet.
Brede, parish rising at, 248 ff.
Brighton, 223, 247, 284.
Brimpton, 304.
Bristol, 12, 121, 152, 243.
Bristowe, Squire, 293.
Brittany, 224.
Broad Somerford, 85.
Brocklehurst, Mr., 38.
Brooks’s, 68 _n._, 69, 222, 332.
Brotherton, Colonel, 259.
Brougham, Henry, 302, 322;
on agriculture, 171;
on J.P.’s, 191;
on increase of commitments, 200;
on criminal courts, 202;
on 1830 rising, 270;
Cobbett on, 313;
at Cobbett’s trial, 317 f.
Broughton, 267.
Brown, Rev. Mr., 43 _n._
---- Thomas, 310.
Bryan, Elizabeth, 102.
Bryant, Joseph, 249.
Buckingham, 183;
and 1830 rising, 268;
prisoners, 308 _n._
---- Duke of, 18;
and rising of 1830, 243, 258, 265, 306.
Buckland Newton, 301.
Budgets, 111, 120, Appendix B.
Bulcamp, House of Industry, 147 _n._
Bull-baiting, 57.
Bullen, Robert, 301.
Bullington, 284.
Bully. _See_ Bolingbroke.
Bunce, Henry, 277.
Buns, parish, 268.
Burbage, George, 295.
Burdett, Sir F., 313.
Burdon, Mr., M.P., 142.
Burgage boroughs, 9.
Burgundy, Duke of, 4.
Burke, 7, 14, 103, 203, 329, 330;
on the aristocracy, 24;
on Parliamentary representation, 75;
on regulating wages, 135;
philosophy of social life, 208, 210;
on French Assembly, 215.
Burkhead, Charles, 102.
Burley on the Hill, 155.
Burn, Dr., 115, 117.
Burnet, 40.
Burnham, 214.
Burwash, 250.
Bury St. Edmunds, 177, 192.
Buxton, Mr., M.P., 142, 143, 153, 210.
Byron, 313.
Cabinet System established, 6.
Cade, Jack, 13.
Cæsar, 170, 330.
Cambridge, 269.
_Cambridge Modern History_, 87 _n._
Cambridgeshire, 177, 184, 269.
Camden, 202.
Camden, Lord, 246, 255, 309.
Canning, 202, 210, 241, 331, 332.
Canterbury, 244, 255, 256.
Canterbury, Archbishop of, 190 _n._, 204;
prayer in 1830, 270.
Capes, W. W., 159 _n._
Capital offences, and Private Bill Committees, 64.
Carbery, Lord, 43 _n._
Carlile, Richard, prosecution in 1831, 315.
Carlisle, 11, 121, 269.
Carlisle, Lord, and Sedgmoor, 66 ff.
Carlyle, 216.
Carmarthen, 152.
Carnarvon, Lord, 240.
Carr, Elizabeth, 102.
Carrington, Lord, 84, 155, 156, 250.
Carter, James, 86.
---- John, 86, 102.
Cartmel (enclosure), 50.
Carus Wilson, Mr., 38, 42 _n._
Case, 275.
Castlereagh, 238, 299, 314, 332.
Cavan, Lord and Lady, 279 f.
Certificates (under Settlement Laws), 113, 115 ff., 158.
Chancellor, Lord. _See_ Brougham.
Charles I., and enclosures, 34.
---- V., 319.
---- VIII., 235.
---- X., 311.
Charlton (Otmoor), 89, 93.
---- (Wilts), 287.
Chateauvieux, M., 233 f.
Chatham, Lord, 329, 330.
Cheese, dearness of, 129 _n._
Chenonceaux, 3.
Cherry, Mr., J.P., 265.
Cheshunt (enclosure), 58 _n._, 59, 86, 98 _n._, and Appendix A (3).
Chester, 152.
Chester, Charles, 43 _n._
Children, employment of, 141 f.;
punishment of, 200 f.
Chinon, 3.
Chippendale, 327.
Christian, Mr., 178.
Chudleigh, 121.
Church, the (_see also_ Clergy), 326;
and enclosure, 56, 76 f., 168;
and tithes, 167 f.;
and the poor, 216 ff.
Churchill, Lord, 94 f.
Cicero, 238, 331.
Cinque Ports, 12.
Claims, presentation of, under enclosure Acts, 63.
Clare, Lord, 321.
---- John, 331, 332 _n._
Clarke, Marcus, 199, 205.
---- Tom, 216.
Clergy, non-residence of the, 214, 220;
and the poor, 216 ff.;
association with governing class, 219;
salaries of curates, 221;
and tithes, 222.
Clerk, George, 281.
Clive, 206.
Clough, John and Thomas, 200.
Cobbett, William, 40, 127, 184 _n._, 189 _n._, 191, 228, 278 _n._,
284, 285, 291, 309;
on enclosures, 35;
on unpaid magistrates, 62;
on tea, 128;
on allotments, 154, 159, 173;
on Whitbread’s 1807 scheme, 180 f.;
description of labourers, 185;
on relations of rich to poor, 211;
on change in farming, 212 f.;
on parsons, 220;
George IV. on, 223;
and village sports, 223;
description of, 234 f.;
and 1830 rising, 244, 248, 259, 264, 287;
on Whig ministers, 313;
trial in 1831, 315 ff.
Cobbold, Rev. Mr., 260, 282.
Cockerton, Rev. Mr., 285.
Codrington, O. C., 297.
Coke, Lord, 21.
---- of Norfolk, 36;
and spring guns, 196;
and Game Laws, 196 _n._, 198.
Colchester, 10, 15.
Coleman, Mr., 249 f.
Collingwood, Mr., J.P., 253, 256.
Collins, A., 218.
---- (in Deacle case), 277.
Combination Laws, 234, 238, 272.
Commissioners, Enclosure, 43;
power of, 58 f.;
appointment of, 60 ff., 73.
Commissioners. _See_ Poor Law Commission.
Commoners, character of, 37 ff.;
at Otmoor, 88 f.;
theory of rights of, 92.
Common fields, extent of, in 1688, 26;
system of cultivation, 28;
managed by manor courts, 30;
varieties in system, 30, 31 _n._;
Sir R. Sutton’s Act, 31;
ownership of, 32;
subdivision of property in, 33;
position of labourers under system, 33 f., 159;
disadvantages of, 36 f.;
relation to old enclosures, 42.
Common land, three uses of term, 28.
Commons, relation to village economy, 27, 103;
alleged deleterious effects of, on commoners, 37 f.;
commoners’ own views on subject, 39;
aesthetic objections to, 40.
Common rights, 29, 31, 32;
legal decision about inhabitants, 32;
claims for, on enclosure, 63;
at Otmoor, 92.
Consents, proportion required for enclosure, 49 ff.;
how assessed, 50 ff.;
how obtained, 51 f.;
_see also_ King’s Sedgmoor, 66 ff.
Cook, Henry, 286 f., 290, 317, 319.
Cooper, 259, 285, 290.
---- and others, 95.
Coote, Eyre, 280, 285.
Copenhagen, 178 _n._
Copyholders, position of, 22, 23, 28 f., 51.
Corn Laws, 321.
Cornwall, 28 _n._
Corporation boroughs, 10.
Corsley (Wilts), 220.
Cottagers, 28 ff.;
position before enclosure, 31;
and enclosure, 52 f.;
presentment of claims by, 63;
results of enclosure on, 97, 100 ff.;
and allotments, 155 ff.
Cotswolds, 40.
Coulson, Mr., 97 _n._
Councils, French, under Regency, 2.
Cove, Rev. Mr., J. P., 304.
Coventry, 78, 119.
Coventry, Lord, 56.
Cows, loss of, on enclosure, 100 f., 127;
Raunds commoners on benefit of, 39;
and allotments, 155 ff.;
and settlement, 178 f.
Cox, William, 102.
Coxe, Mr., M.P., 65.
Coxhead, Mr., M.P., 142.
Crabbe, 223;
on workhouse, 147;
on roundsmen, 165;
on poachers, 194;
on poor, 212.
Cranbrook, 255 f.
Craven, Lord, 43 _n._
Creevey, 139, 209.
Cricklade, 185.
Croke, Sir Alex., 89 f., 92, 94, 96.
Croker, 10.
Cromwell, Oliver, 22;
and enclosures, 35.
Crook, John, 306.
Croxton, 43 _n._
Croydon (enclosure), 48, 59, 63, 199 _n._, and Appendix A (4).
Curtler, W. H. R., 172, 175 _n._
Curwen, Mr., M.P., 130, 158 _n._, 195, 198, 213.
Dalbiac, General, 256.
Darling, Alfred, 305.
Davenant, 26 _n._
Davies, Rev. David, his book, 82, 85;
on fuel, 107, 131 f.;
on rise in prices, 110;
his budgets, 111, 120, 122, and Appendix B;
on mixed bread, 126;
on milk, 127;
on tea, 128 f.;
on minimum wage, 136 f.;
on land for labourers, 82, 154.
---- Miss M. F., 220 _n._
Dawson, Hannah, 121.
Deacle, Mr., and the Deacle case, 277 f., 287 f.
Deal, 248.
Debates in Parliament, on Private Enclosure Bills, 55 f.;
on General Enclosure Bills, 77;
on Whitbread’s Bill, 140 ff.;
on Pitt’s Poor Law Bill, 149;
on Settlement, 153;
on rising of 1830, 314 f., 320.
Deddington, 119, 122.
Deerhurst, Lord, 197.
Defoe, Daniel, 6.
De Grey, Mr., 71 f.
Demainbray, Rev. S., 85.
Denman, Lord, on J.P.’s, 19;
and 1830 rising, 278, 282, 288, 290, 291, 302;
and Cook, 287, 319;
and Lush, 292;
and amnesty debate, 315;
and Cobbett’s trial, 317 ff.
De Quincey, 218, 242, 332.
Derby, 117 _n._
Derby, Brooker, 102.
_Deserted Village, The_, 331.
D’Este, Isabella, 326.
De Tocqueville, 1, 5, 14, 24, 222.
Devon, 28 _n._, 269.
Dicketts, Henry, 295.
Diderot, 4.
Diet, of labourer, 111, 123 ff.;
attempt to introduce cheap cereals, 124;
soup, 125;
tea, 128 f.
Dillon, Archbishop, 217.
Disraeli, 103.
Domestic industries, 107.
_Doomsday Book_, 91.
Dorchester, Special Commission at, 275, 300 f.
Dorset, 185;
1830 rising, 268;
prisoners, 308 _n._
Dover, 245.
Dowden, W., 285 f.
Downton, 9.
Drake, Sir F., 68.
Drummond, Mr., 230.
Dryden, 169, 264.
Dubois, 2.
Dudley, Lord, 327 _n._
Dundas, Charles, 141;
and Speenhamland, 161 f.;
on Special Commission, 302.
---- Henry, 141, 299, 329.
Dunkin, on Otmoor, 88 ff.;
on Merton, 99.
Dunmow, 135 f.
Dunn, Ann, 102.
Dunwich, 11 f.
Durham, 11.
Durham, Lord, 209, 313, 317, 318.
Dyott, Sir W., 201.
Ealing, 124.
East Grimstead, 260.
---- Grinstead, 11.
---- Retford, 12.
---- Stretton, 284.
Easton, Rev. Mr., and family, 263, 277.
Eaves, 256.
Ebrington, Lord, 269.
Eden, Sir F. M., 31;
and enclosure, 49, 78, 82, 117;
his book, 82, 210;
and gleaning, 107;
budgets, 111 and Appendix B;
on Settlement Laws, 113 f., 116, 118 _n._ ff.;
and food riots, 122;
on diet, 123-132 _passim_;
on workhouses, 147;
on roundsmen, 148 _n._ and 164;
on Speenhamland meeting, 162;
his ideal poor woman, 208 f.;
on rich and poor, 210.
_Edinburgh Review_, 185, 197.
Egleton, 155.
Egremont, Lord, 155.
Eldon, Lord, 20, 204, 309.
_Eleanor_, the, 308 _n._
Eliot, 10.
_Eliza_, the, 324.
Elizabeth, Queen, 8, 21.
Ellenborough, Lord, 189, 196, 202, 204, 273.
Ellison, Mr., M.P., 143, 153.
Ely, 178.
Enclosures, and productivity, 26, 40;
by voluntary agreement, 28 _n._;
extent of, before eighteenth century, 34;
motives for, 35;
extent of Parliamentary enclosure, 41 f.;
Parliamentary procedure, 43 ff.;
consents required, 49 ff.;
Lord Thurlow on Parliamentary procedure, 53 f.;
local procedure, 58 ff.;
General Enclosure Bills, 74 ff.;
Act of 1801, 77, 84;
hostility of poor to, 78 f.;
criticism of methods, 81 ff.;
provision for poor, 85 f.;
results on village, Chap. v.;
effects on relationship of classes, 211.
Encroachments, by squatters, 31;
treatment of, under enclosure, 103.
Engrossing of farms, 32, 81, 211.
Entail. _See_ Family Settlements.
Epsom, 147.
Erskine, 139.
Essex, 184, 269;
prisoners, 308 _n._
Estcourt, Thomas, 156.
---- T. G. B., 198, 200 _n._, 291.
_Evelina_, 211.
Eversley, Lord, 32 _n._
Ewbanks, 104.
Expenses of enclosure, 97 f.
_See also_ Fees.
Eycon, Elizabeth, 102.
Falkland, 312.
Fane, Mr., M.P., 90.
Farmers implicated in 1830 rising, 248 f., 265, 282.
---- large, gained by enclosure, 97;
and milk, 127;
and allotments, 159;
divided from labourers, 212;
Cobbett on, 212 f.
---- small, ruined by enclosure, 97 ff.;
and milk, 127 f.;
and other classes, 211;
Cobbett on, 212 f.
Farmer, William, 281.
Farm servants, 28, 31.
Farnham, 185, 235, 264.
Fawley, 242 _n._, 278 ff.
Fees for Enclosure Bills, 76.
Felony, counsel in cases of, 201.
Fencing, cost of, 97, 98 _n._, 101;
penalties for breaking, 199 _n._
Fencott, 89.
Fénelon, 3.
Fielding, 187, 327;
on village life, 18 f., 33;
on lawyers, 63, 216;
his scheme for the poor, 151;
on solidarity of poor, 237.
Finch, Mr., 252.
Firth, Mr., 35.
Fitzwilliam, Lord, 101, 330.
Fitzwilliams, 13.
Flackwell Heath, 307.
Flanders, 2.
Ford, John, 261.
Fordingbridge, 121, 259, 280, 285.
Forster, Mr., of Norwich, 83.
Fox, C. J., 53 _n._, 139, 140, 311, 314, 328, 329;
on M.P.’s and patrons, 13 f.;
and Sedgmoor, 68 f.;
and Horne Tooke, 72 f.;
on mixed bread, 126;
on minimum wage, 134, 141 f.;
on charity, 210;
despair of Parliamentary government, 330.
Fox-hunting, change in, 214.
France, position of aristocracy in, 1 ff.;
monarchy in, 2 ff.;
division of common land in, 87;
peasants compared with English labourers, 105, 111, 168, 240.
Franchise, Parliamentary, 7 ff.;
in boroughs, 8 ff.;
county, 13.
Francis I., 22.
---- Philip, 78.
Freeholders, 28 f.
Freemen boroughs, 11 f.
French, Colonel, M.P., 196.
French Convention, 168.
---- war, agriculture during, 171.
Friends of the People, 13 f.
Frome, 127.
Fryer, Mr., 306.
Fuel rights, 31, 100, 106;
allotments, 76;
cost of, to labourer, 107;
scarcity after enclosure, 130 ff.;
taken from hedges, 131.
Fussell, J., 283.
Gage, Lord, 251.
Gaiter, John, 303.
Galloway, Lord, 57.
Galsworthy, J., 35.
Game Laws, 187 ff., 321;
convictions under, 191 f.;
supply of game to London, 196 f.
Gardens for labourers, 157, 175.
Gateward’s case, 32.
Gatton, 8.
Geese on Otmoor, 88.
George III., 6, 80, 312.
---- IV., 168, 312;
on Cobbett, 223.
German legion, 173.
Gibbon, 24, 217, 222, 325, 326.
Gibbons, Sir W., 86, 102.
Gibbs, Sir Vicary, 317.
Gilbert, 108.
Gilbert’s Act, 146, 148, 164, 179 _n._
Gillray, 329.
Gilmore, 260, 285.
Glasse, Rev. Dr., 132 _n._
Gleaning, 107 ff., 117;
controversy on, 108 f.
Gloucester, 144;
trials at, 301.
Gloucestershire, 1830 rising, 268;
prisoners, 308 _n._
Godalming, 152.
Goderich, Lord, 317 f., 324.
Godmanchester, 17.
Goldsmith, Oliver, 24, 201, 203, 212, 223, 331.
Gooch, Mr., 212.
Goodenough, Dr., 218.
Goodfellow, Thomas, 303 f.
Goodman, Thomas, 309, 318.
Gordon riots, 288.
Gosport, 289;
jurors, 283.
Goudhurst, 256.
Gould, Sir Henry, 109.
Graham, Sir James, 187, 317.
Gray, Thomas, 104, 214.
Great Tew, 17, 30.
Greenaway, 268.
Greenford, 132 _n._
Greetham, 155.
Gregory, 284.
Grenville, Lord, 77.
Grey, Lord, 14 _n._, 19, 76, 140, 233, 314, 328, 329, 330;
Prime Minister, 311 ff., 320;
Cobbett on, 313;
at Cobbett’s trial, 317 f.;
on Corn Laws, 321;
and Suffield, 322 ff.
Guercino, 326.
Guernsey, Lord, 218.
Guildford, 121.
Guildford, Lord, 220.
_See also_ North, Francis.
Gulliver, Mary, 102.
Gurney, J., in 1830 trials, 302 ff.
Hale, 108.
Halifax, 116, 216 _n._
Hambledon, 155.
Hampden, 10.
Hampshire, 128, 184;
1830 rising in, 258 ff.;
prisoners, 308 _n._
---- and Wiltshire labourers compared, 298.
Harbord Harbord, Sir, 80, 203 f., 321.
Harding, John, 262.
Hardres, 244.
Hardy, J., 227.
Harewoods, the, 13.
Hasbach, Professor, 7, 26 _n._, 33.
Haslemere, 9.
Hastings, Warren, 206.
Hastings, 12.
Hatch, 293.
Haute Huntre (enclosure), 44, 55, 59, 61 _n._, 78, 101, 199 _n._,
and Appendix A (5).
Hawker, W., 65.
Hay, Mr., M.P., 115.
Hazlitt, William, 235.
Heacham, 137, 139.
Headley Workhouse, 243 f., 260, 280, 282, 285.
Healey, Dr., 238.
Heathfield, 250, 255.
Heckingham, 147 _n._
Hele, Rev. Mr., 250.
Helpstone, 332 _n._
Henley, 305.
Henley, Thomas, 249 f.
Henry IV. (of France), 7, 19.
Henstead, 227.
Hereford, 269.
Hetherington, 102.
Hickson, Mr., 226.
Higgs, Ann, 102.
Highlands, the, 40.
Hill, Edmund, 102.
---- G. S., 249 _n._
---- Isaac, 276.
Hinchcliffe, J. _See_ Bishop of Peterborough.
Hindhead, 40.
Hindon, 184, 276.
Hirst. _See_ Redlich.
Histon and Impington (enclosure), 51.
Hobhouse, H., 254.
---- John Cam, 312 f.
---- Lord, 22 _n._
Hobson, J. A., 166.
Hodges, Mr., M.P., 253 f.
Hodgson, Naomi, 102.
Holdaway, Robert, 260, 285.
Holdsworth, W., 23 _n._
Holkham, 328.
Holland, Lady, 250.
---- Lord, 140, 314, 320, 321, 327;
on spring guns, 195;
on penal code, 204, 330.
Holy Island (enclosure), 48 f.
Homage. _See_ Juries.
Homer, 238.
---- Rev. H., 100.
Hone, 315.
Horace, 238.
Horsham, 257 f.
Horsley, Bishop, 218.
Horton, 89.
Hothfield, 118.
Howlett, Rev. J., 115, 147 _n._, 151;
on minimum wage, 135 f.
Hubbard, Ann, 102.
Hudson, W. H., 199, 262 _n._, 298 _n._, 308.
Hume, J., 315.
Hungerford riots, 264, 303, 305.
Hunt, Henry, 190, 262, 266, 276, 282;
and Lush, 291;
and amnesty debate, 314 f.
---- Rev. Dr., 189 _n._
Huntingdon, 177;
prisoners, 308 _n._
Hurst, Ann. _See_ Strudwick.
---- Mr., 257 f.
Hurstbourne, 284.
Hythe, 247.
Idmiston, 295.
Ilchester, Lord, 67.
Ilmington, 53.
Ipswich, 15, 121.
_Ipswich Journal_, 121 _n._, 164 _n._
Isherwood, H., 102.
Isle of Wight, 169.
Islip, 94.
James I., 8.
---- II., 5.
Jenks, E., 20.
Jennings, John, 261.
Jerome, St., 219.
Johnson, A. H., 41, 42.
---- Mary Ann, 246.
---- (overseer), 254.
---- Samuel, 24, 40, 80, 129, 203, 328, 331.
Joliffe, Mr., M.P., 149.
---- Rev. J., 285.
_Jones, Tom_, 194.
Jordan, Edmund, 102.
Judd, Mr., 293.
Judges, discretion in sentences, 202 f.;
salaries advanced, 241;
addresses at Special Commissions, 274, 275, 300, 303.
Juries, presentments by, 17;
of Manor Courts, 30.
Justices of the Peace, growth of power, 16 ff.;
autocratic character, 18 ff.;
unpaid, 20;
and regulation of wages, 140, 144;
and workhouses, 148;
Brougham on, 191.
Juvenal, 204.
Keene, Mr., 68.
Kelvedon, 230.
Kempster, Richard, 305.
Kemys Tynte, Sir C., 65, 68.
Kendal, 127.
Kent, 144, 183;
1830 rising in, 244 ff.;
prisoners, 308 _n._
Kent, Nathaniel, 80, 81, 110, 111, 127, 135, 154, 155, 160.
---- William, 102.
Kenton, 118.
Kew, 235.
Kibworth-Beauchamp, 117, 164.
King, Gregory, 26 _n._, 28.
---- Captain, 256.
---- Lord, 320.
---- Thomas, 102.
Kingsley, 260.
King’s Lynn, 11.
---- Sedgmoor (enclosure), 52, 64 ff., 98 _n._, Appendix A (14).
Kington, 56.
Kintbury mob, 264;
anecdotes of, 265.
Kirton, 100 _n._
Knaresborough (enclosure), 55, 59 f., 64, 86, 98 _n._, Appendix A (6).
Knatchbull, Sir Edward, 245 f.
Kosciusko, 173.
‘Labour Rate’ system, 230.
Laleham (enclosure), 50, 51 _n._, 59, 86, Appendix A (7).
Lamb, George, 315.
Lambton. _See_ Durham, Lord.
Lampsacus, 70.
Lancashire, 133.
Lane, 277.
Lansdowne, Lord, 273, 291, 314, 322.
Lauderdale, Lord, 202.
Launceston, 12.
Lawyers, French and English, compared, 215 f.
Laxton, 43 _n._
Lechmere, Mr., M.P., 77, 141, 233.
Lecky, W. E. H., 111 _n._, 129 _n._
Leeds, 59, 60, 116.
Leeds, Duke of, 47 f.
Legg, the brothers, 294.
---- George, 301.
Leicestershire, 186.
Leigh, Lord, 100.
Leo X., 22.
Lespinasse, Mlle. de, 4.
Levy, Professor, 26 _n._, 41, 100 _n._, 111.
Lewes Assizes, 274;
Gaol, 246.
Light, 294.
Lilley, the brothers, 193.
Limoges, 4.
Lincoln, 152.
Lincoln, Bishop of, 57.
---- Lord, 53.
Lincolnshire, 155, 269.
Litchfield, 119 _n._
Little Marlow, 307.
Littleport, 178.
Liverpool, 11.
Liverpool, Lord, 256.
Llandaff, Bishop of. _See_ Watson.
Loches, 3.
Locke, 150.
Loes and Wilford, 118, 120.
Lofft, Capel, 108.
London, City of, 12.
Londonderry, Lord, 197.
Long, Walter, J.P., 278.
Long Crendon, 306.
---- Newnton, 156.
Longparish, 284.
Lonsdale, Lord, 9.
Looker case, the, 295, 296, 315.
Lord of the Manor, position under common-field system, 28 f., 32 f.;
position on enclosure, 58, 61, 73, 97.
Louis XIII., 5, 19.
---- XIV., 2, 3, 19, 34.
---- XV., 2, 4, 219.
---- XVI., 3, 4, 5, 218, 311.
Louth (enclosure), 51, 58 _n._, 59, 86, 98 _n._, 102, Appendix A (8).
Lowell, Professor, 17.
Lower Winchendon, 132.
Lucan, 206.
Lucretius, 125.
Ludlow, 12.
Lush, James, 277, 291, 292, 298.
Lyminge, 245.
Lynn, 139.
Macaulay, 23;
on _Deserted Village_, 331.
Macclesfield, Lord, 96.
Machinery, judges on benefits of, 275;
destruction of, in 1830, 259 ff., 268, 303, 306;
penalties for destruction, 273.
_See also_ Threshing Machines.
Mackarness, John, 89.
Mackrell, Thomas, 306.
Macquarie Harbour, 206.
Magnesia, 70.
Maidenhead, 268.
Maids Morton, 164.
Maidstone, 246 f., 255 f.;
Assizes, 274.
Maine, 23.
Mair, Colonel, 259.
Maldon, 12.
Malicious Trespass Act, 199 f.
Malthus, 165, 204, 207, 322, 323;
on Whitbread’s scheme, 180 ff.
Manchester, 115.
Manor, the, connection with common field system, 27.
---- Courts, 16 f.;
and common field system, 30.
---- Lord of the. _See_ Lord.
March Phillipps, L., 327 _n._
Marengo, 188.
Margate, 183.
Mariner, 187.
Market Lavington, 265.
Marlborough, 265, 297.
Marlborough, Duke of, 43 _n._, 89.
Marshall, William, 36, 80, 97 _n._, 110 _n._, 158 _n._;
on methods of enclosure, 81.
Martin, Rev. Mr., 43 _n._
Mason, Joseph and Robert, 284 f.
Maulden (enclosure), 78, 100, 101 _n._
Maurice of Saxony, 319.
Mayfield, 250 f.
Mazarin, 6.
M‘Culloch, 185, 240.
Melbourne, Lord, 96, 302, 310 _n._;
and transportation, 205;
and 1830 rising, 259, 264, 309, 312, 314;
circular of Nov. 24, 267;
of Dec. 8, 266 _n._, 270;
and Special Commissions, 307;
at Cobbett’s trial, 317 f.;
and spring guns, 319;
on Corn Laws, 321;
and Suffield’s proposals, 322 f.
Meredith, Sir William, 64.
Merton, 99, 183.
Metcalf, Ann, 102.
Methodist movement, 220, 326.
Micheldever, 276, 287.
Middleton, Mr., 38, 86.
Middlesex, 21.
Midlands, 34, 101.
Milan, 131.
Millet, 332.
Military tenures, abolition of, 22.
Milk, and enclosure, 39, 110, 127 ff.;
attempts to provide, 129 f.
Minimum wage, 133 ff.;
Whitbread’s proposals, 86, 139 ff.;
probable effects of, 233 f.
Mirabeau, Marquis de, 4.
Mollington, 119.
Monck, J. B., 305.
Monoux, Sir P., 101.
Montesquieu, 4.
Montgomery, Mrs., 294.
Moorcott, 89.
Moore, Adam, 139.
---- F., 100 _n._
---- Robert (in _Shirley_), 35.
Moreton Corbet (enclosure), 47, 60.
Morey, Farmer C., 301.
Morgan, 275.
Mould of Hatch, 293.
Mount, W., 303.
Muir, Thomas, 299.
Municipal government, 15.
Myus, 70.
Napoleon, 140, 173, 188, 241, 328, 329.
Nash, Thomas, 102.
Neale, Jane, 281.
Newbolt, Rev. Dr., 265 f.
Newbury, 161, 267, 305.
New England, 82.
---- Forest, 57.
Newington, 218.
Newport, 201 _n._
---- Pagnell, 157.
New Sarum, 109 _n._
---- South Wales, 261 _n._, 263 _n._, 277 _n._, 308 _n._
Newton, Mr., 268.
Newton Toney, 293.
Nicholls, Sir George, 146 _n._
Ninfield, 250.
Noakes, David and Thomas, 249 f.
Noke, 89.
Norfolk, 122, 177, 269;
prisoners, 308 _n._
North, Francis, 22.
---- Lord, 68, 71, 73.
---- Roger, 23.
Northampton, 8.
Northamptonshire, 184, 269.
Northesk, Lord, 282.
Norton, Sir Fletcher, 72.
Norwich, 177.
_Norwich Mercury_, 321.
Nottingham, 11, 116, 118;
castle, 243.
Nottinghamshire, 156.
Nutbean, E. C., 281.
Nylands, 43 _n._
Oakley, William, 264, 303, 305.
O’Connell, 239.
Oddington, 89.
Officials, salaries raised, 241.
_See also_ Parliamentary _and_ Village.
Old Age Pensions, 169.
Oldfield, 11.
Old Sarum, 9.
Orleans, Duke of, 2.
Ormonde, Duke of, 23.
Orpington, 244.
Orridge, Mr., 192.
Oswestry, 152.
Otmoor (enclosure), 45 _n._, 60, 88 ff.
Oundle, 269.
Overseers, and relief, 145 f.;
salaried, 182;
hostility to, in 1830 rising, 247, 249, 250, 252, 254, 278.
Overton, 266.
Owslebury, 282.
Oxford, 23, 95, 132, 147 _n._, 163, 218.
_Oxford Journal_, Jackson’s, 88 _n._, 92 _n._, 93 _n._, 96 _n._
_Oxford University and City Herald_, 89 _n._, 93 _n._, 95 _n._,
269 _n._
Oxfordshire, 128, 131, 268;
prisoners, 308 _n._
Page, Mr., 264.
Paine, Thomas, 169, 217, 315.
Pakeman, the brothers, 309 f.
Palmer, G., 254.
---- T. F., 299.
Palmerston, Lord, 317, 318.
Parham, Farmer, 294.
Parish carts, 182, 242, 278 f.
Park, Mr. Justice, on Special Commissions, 275, 302, 304 ff.
Parke, Mr. Justice, and Otmoor, 94;
on Special Commissions, 275, 278, 283, 300.
Parliament, qualifications for members, 14.
Parliamentary Committees, on Private Enclosure Bills, 45 ff.;
how constituted, 46.
---- government, established, 5.
---- officials and enclosure, 76, 103.
---- Reform, 8;
Cobbett and, 236;
Grey’s Government and, 311 f.
---- representation, analysis of, 12, 13, 14.
_See also_ Franchise.
Parr, Dr. 203.
Patience, Ambrose, 292, 294.
Patrons, control of boroughs by, 10 f., 15;
relations to M.P.’s, 13.
Patteson, Sir John, 95, 302.
Pearse, Mr., M.P., 265.
Peel, Sir Robert, 191 _n._, 195, 202, 288;
and 1830 rising, 246, 247, 256, 258, 311;
and prosecution of Cobbett, 316.
Penal Code, 203.
---- Settlements, 205, 206.
Peninsular War, 139, 327.
Pennells, Richard, 310.
Perceval, Spencer, 143, 317.
Perry, E., 109 _n._
---- John, 294.
Peterborough, 31 _n._, 269.
Peterborough, Bishop of, 56.
Peterloo, 330.
Petersfield, 10.
Petitions, for enclosure, 43 f.;
against enclosure, 47;
how treated, 48;
about New Forest, 57;
about Tollington, 71 f.
Pinniger, Mr., 277.
Pitt, William, the younger, 14, 15, 60, 103, 139, 174, 212, 241, 299;
on mixed bread, 124;
on minimum wage, 134 f., 141 f.;
his Poor Law Bill, 86, 145, 149 ff., 210;
and settlement, 152 f.;
and Sinking Fund, 173;
and French War, 328 f.
Plymouth, 15.
Plympton, 12.
Poachers, in Bedford Gaol, 193;
loss to village, 238.
_See also_ Game Laws.
Polhill, Mr., 267.
Political economy, in fashion, 207;
judges on, 275.
---- Unions, 290, 316.
Pollen, R., J.P., 275 _n._, 278, 283 _n._
Pompey, 2.
Poor Law, system of relief, 145 ff.;
of employment, 148;
Pitt’s Bill of 1796, 149 ff.;
Whitbread’s Bill of 1807, 143, 179 ff.;
litigation, 178.
_See also_ Settlement _and_ Speenhamland system.
---- ---- Commission of 1834, 125, 160, 167 _n._, 170, 184, 225 ff.
Pope, 326.
Popham, 21.
Population and Speenhamland system, 170, 174 f., 228.
Porritt, E., 8 ff., 11, 13.
Port Arthur, 206.
Porter, Thomas, 295.
---- William, 102.
Porteus, Bishop, charge to clergy, 220 f.
Portland, Duke of, 108.
Portsmouth, 289.
Potato ground, 160.
Potter, Richard, 200.
---- Macqueen, 192, 308 _n._
Pottern, 85.
Potwalloper boroughs, 9.
Powis, Mr., M.P., 76.
Pretymans, the, 220.
Price, William, and others, 95.
---- Rev. Mr., 245.
Prices, growth of, 109.
Priestley, Dr., 218.
Privileges, Committee of, 10.
_Proteus_, the, 308 _n._
Prothero, R. E., 42.
Public schools, 23.
Pulteney, Sir William, 153.
Punishment, discretion of judges, 202;
penal code, 203;
fears of its mildness, 204.
_See also_ Transportation.
Purley, 71.
Pym, Mr., 101.
---- Mr., J.P., 192.
Pyt House affray, 261 f., 292 f.
Quainton (enclosure), 51, Appendix A (13).
Quarrier, Dr., 283.
Quarter Sessions, change in procedure, 17 f.
Quesnai, 4.
Quidhampton, 261.
Radicals, the, 169, 236, 312.
Radnor, Lord, 9, 291, 313.
Rastall, Rev. Mr., 43 _n._
Raunds (enclosure), 39, 51.
Ray, river, 93 f.
Reading, 231, 267;
Special Commission at, 302 ff.
_Reading Mercury_, 121 _n._ f., 161 _n._ ff.
Redlich and Hirst, 7, 20.
Redlinch, 67.
Reed, Mr., 249.
Reform Bill, riots, 243;
agitation for, 324.
_See also_ Parliamentary Reform.
---- Government, and 1830 rising, 311 ff.;
prosecution of Carlile and Cobbett, 315 ff.;
incapacity for social legislation, 324.
Reni, Guido, 326.
Revolution of 1688, 5, 26.
Reynolds, Sir J., 24, 326, 332.
Ricardo, 207.
Richardson, Samuel, 18, 19, 33, 45.
Richelieu, 1 ff., 5 f.
Richmond, 9, 214.
Richmond, Duke of, 24, 191, 309.
Rick-burning. _See_ Arson.
Ride, J. and F., and R., 102.
Ringmer, 251.
Riots, enclosure, 78 (_see also_ Otmoor);
food riots of 1795, 120 ff.;
of 1816, 175, 177 ff.;
law about riot, 272 f.;
in 1830, Chaps. xi. and xii. _passim_.
Rising in 1830, 240 ff.;
origin in Kent, 244;
spread to Sussex, 247;
to Berks, Hants, and Wilts, 258;
alarm of authorities, 266 ff.;
spread West and North, 268;
wholesale arrests, 267, 270;
trials, 272 ff.
Robertsbridge, 249, 253 f.
Robespierre, 217.
Robinson, Mr., M.P., 68.
---- William, 102.
Rochefoucault, Duc de la, 217.
Rockingham, Lord, 13.
Rockley, 297.
Rode, 107.
Rogers, Sarah, 121.
---- T. L., 102.
Rome, comparison between English and Roman social history, 330 f.
Romilly, S., 202 ff.;
on Game Laws, 189, 198.
Romsey, 289.
Roundsman system, 148, 159, 164 f.
Rous, Sir John, 141.
Rousseau, 4, 226, 232.
Rowland, John, 295.
Rowlandson, 329.
Ruggles, Thomas, 108, 112 _n._, 115, 133, 147 _n._
Run-rig system, 28 _n._
Russell, Lord John, 140, 183, 308 _n._
---- Lord William, 48.
---- 273 _n._
Rutland, 155, 159.
Rutland, Duke of, 43 _n._
Rye, 12.
Sagnac, P., 87 _n._
St. Davids, Bishop of, 42, 55 f.
St. Denis, 2.
St. Germain, 219.
St. John, H., and Sedgmoor, 65 ff.
St. Lawrence Wootten, 281.
St. Mary Bourne, 263.
St. Neots, 102 _n._
Salehurst, 253.
Salisbury, Special Commission at, 275, 290 ff.;
gaol rules at, 276, 291 f.;
scene in court, 298 f.
Salisbury, Bishop of, 85.
---- Lord, 85 _n._, 323.
Sanctuary, Mr., 257.
Sandwich, Lord, 58.
Sandy (enclosure), 101.
Sarney, John, 307.
Savile, Sir George, 54 f., 57.
Scarborough, Lord, 155.
Schools of Industry, 149 f.
Sclater, W. L., 281.
Scot and lot boroughs, 8.
Scotland, 129, 195 _n._
Scotsmen, Cobbett on, 213.
Scott, Sir William, 214, 221.
Seaford, 121.
Sedgefield, 129.
Sedgford, 137.
Sedgmoor. _See_ King’s Sedgmoor.
Selborne Workhouse, 243, 260.
Select Committees. _See_ List of Authorities.
---- Vestry. _See_ Vestry Reform.
Selwyn, George, 103, 223;
and Sedgmoor, 65 ff., 103.
Settlement, Laws of, 112 ff., 141, 178 f., 261;
effect of, 114 ff.;
reforms made and proposed, 152 f.;
Whitbread’s proposals in 1807, 179;
litigation, 215.
Settlements, family, 21 f.
Sevenoaks, 244.
Sheffield, 115 f.
Sheffield, Lord, 37, 123 _n._, 124, 153, 310.
Shelley, Sir Timothy, 257.
---- P. B., 257, 326.
Shepherd, Aaron, 295.
Sheppard, Joseph, 301.
Sheraton, 327.
Sheridan, 14, 24, 139, 161 _n._, 223, 314, 326, 328, 329;
on enclosure Bills, 57;
and minimum wage, 140, 233;
and Pitt’s Poor Law Bill, 149;
and Game Laws, 198.
Shooting, change in character, 187.
Shopkeepers and allotments, 159.
Shore, Mrs., 125 _n._
Shottesbrook, 268.
Shrewsbury, 147 _n._, 152.
Sidlesham, 107.
Sidmouth, Lord, 218, 299, 314.
Sidney, Sir Philip, 312.
Silcock, 286.
Simms, the brothers, 263, 277.
Simond, M., 242.
Simpson (enclosure), 50, 51, 58 _n._, 59, Appendix A (9).
Simpson, Rev. Mr., 257.
Sinclair, Sir John, 74;
on common-field system, 36;
and enclosure, 59 ff., 83 ff., 157.
Sinecures, 173.
Sinking Fund, 173.
Sittingbourne, 246 f.
Skipton, 116.
Slade, Mrs. Charlotte, 263, 305.
Slater, Dr., 7, 28 _n._, 30 _n._, 32 _n._, 41, 42 _n._, 85.
Slaugham, 229.
Slinn, John, 194.
Smart, Professor, 173 _n._
Smith, Abel, 156.
---- Adam, 29, 36, 40, 110, 143, 152, 181, 207, 312;
on settlement, 114 f.;
on clergy, 216 f.
---- General, 142.
---- Sydney, 190 _n._, 198, 201.
Smollett, 18, 63, 214, 216.
Snettisham, 137.
Society for Bettering the Condition of the Poor, 85.
---- for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge, 318.
---- for the Reformation of Manners, 222.
Soldiers and food riots, 121 f.
Somerset, 98 _n._
Soup for the poor, 125 and _n._
Southampton, 267.
Southey, 14 _n._
South Sea Bubble, 175.
Special Commissions, in 1816, 172;
in 1830, 272 ff.;
at Winchester, 278 ff.;
Salisbury, 290 ff.;
Dorchester, 300 ff.;
Reading, 302 ff.;
Abingdon, 305 ff.;
Aylesbury, 306 f.;
conduct of prosecutions, 291.
Speenhamland, 19, 161 ff.
---- system, 19, 83, 302, 331;
introduction of, 161 ff.;
scale, 163;
effects of, Chaps. viii. and x. _passim_;
introduction into Warwickshire, 170;
reduction in scale, 184 ff.
Spenser, 5.
Spring guns, 195 f.;
Melbourne’s suggested reintroduction, 319.
Squatters, 28;
described, 31;
ignored in enclosure consents, 52;
results of enclosure on, 97, 102 f.
Standing Orders, about enclosures, 43 f., 60, 62;
origin of, 73 f.
Stanhope, Lord, 320.
Stanwell (enclosure), 33, 55, 58 _n._, 59, 86, 102, Appendix A (10).
Star Chamber and enclosures, 34.
States-General, 5.
Stavordale, Lord, and Sedgmoor, 67 ff.
Steel, George, 281.
Sterne, 24.
Stevens, James, 295.
---- Jane, 279.
Steyning, 9.
Stirling, Mrs., 196 _n._
Stixswold, 32.
Stockbury, 247.
Stockton, 130.
Stoke, 154 _n._
---- Cheriton, 285.
Stokes, 277.
Stone, Thomas, 81, 85.
Stotfold, 269.
Strafford, Lord, 48, 60.
Strudwick, Dame, 208 ff.
Stubbes, 34.
Studley, 89.
Sturges Bourne, 278, 322.
Suffield, Lord, 238;
and spring guns, 195 f., 319;
scheme in 1830, 320 ff.;
interviews with ministers, 322 ff.
_See also_ Harbord Harbord.
Suffolk, 122, 135, 177, 269;
prisoners, 308 _n._
Sumner, Bishop, 159, 264.
Surplus profits, 167 ff.
Surrey, 258.
Sussex, 1830 rising in, 247;
prisoners, 308 _n._
Sutterton (enclosure), 100 _n._
Sutton, Sir Richard, 30.
---- William, 281.
Swabey, Maurice, 306.
Swaffham, 99.
Swift, 235.
Swing, Captain, 245.
Taltarum’s Case, 21.
Taunton, Mr. Justice, 274, 310 f.
Taxation, 171 ff.
Tea-drinking, 128 f.
Tenant farmers, 28 f.
Tennyson, Mr., M.P., 196.
Tenterden, Chief Justice, 317.
Thanet, Lord, 321.
Thelwall, 136, 169, 241.
Themistocles, 70.
Thompson, Mr., 156.
---- Captain, 284.
Threshing machines, destruction of, Chap. xi. _passim_;
reason of hostility to, 245;
penalty for destruction, 273, 275.
Thurlow, Lord, on enclosure procedure, 53, 56 f., 61.
Ticehurst, 250.
Tilsworth, 43 _n._
_Times_, the, 177 _n._, 178 _n._, 193 _n._, and Chapters xi. and
xii. _passim_, including articles quoted, 269, 274, 302,
and Special Correspondent, 269, 274, 302.
Tisbury, 261 f.
Tithes, 217 f., 222;
origin, 167 f.;
demand for abatement in 1830, Chap. xi. _passim_.
Tithe-owners, and enclosure, 56, 61 f., 97, 168.
Tollington, 71.
Tonbridge, 255.
Tonga Islands, 187.
Tooke, J. Horne, 72.
---- William, 71 f.
Toomer, James, 277.
Transportation, dreaded by labourers, 198 f.;
described, 205 f.;
effect on village life, 239.
Treason and Sedition Acts, 139, 329.
Trecothick, James, 48.
Trevelyan, Sir George, 71.
Trout, J., 102.
Tunbridge Wells, 255 f.
Turgot, 4 f.
Turner, Mr., M.P., 198.
---- Mr. (Pyt House affray), 262.
Ullathorne, Dr., 206 _n._
Universities, the, 23.
Upper Clatford, 285.
Vachel, Rev. Mr., 178.
Van Diemen’s Land, 205, 283 _n._, 308 _n._, 310 _n._, 324.
Vansittart, 134.
---- Rev. Dr., 268.
Vaughan, Baron, on Special Commissions, 273 f., 278 ff., 300 f.
Vavasour, Sir Henry, 157.
Venice, 173.
Versailles, 2, 4, 327, 328.
Vestry Reform, Whitbread’s proposals, 179 ff.;
Acts of 1818 and 1819, 182 f.
Village officials, 103.
Vine Hall, 249.
Vinogradoff, Professor, 17, 27.
Virgil, 122, 206, 238.
Voltaire, 4, 24.
Wages, and prices, 111;
regulation of, 133 ff.;
assessment in 1725, 133;
in 1732, 144 f.;
proposals to assess at Speenhamland, 162;
wages in 1824, 183;
demand for living wage in 1830, Chaps. xi. and xii. _passim_;
wages in Berks, Hants, and Wilts, 259.
Wakefield (enclosure), 47 f., 55, 59 f., Appendix A (11).
Walden, 268.
Waller, William, 65.
Walpole, 6, 214.
---- Sir Spencer, 238.
Walsingham, Lord, 220.
Waltham (enclosure), 43 _n._
Wanstead, 132 _n._
Warbleton, 250.
Warburton, Mr., M.P., 187
Ward, Mr., 304.
Warde Fowler, Mr., 331.
Warren, John. _See_ St. Davids, Bishop of.
Warwick, 10.
Warwickshire, 169, 194.
Wasing, 303.
Waterloo, 332.
Watson, Bishop, 217.
Webb, Mr. and Mrs., 7, 16, 19, 30 _n._, 191 _n._, 234 _n._
Webster, Sir Godfrey, 250, 254.
Wellingborough, 269.
Wellington, Duke of, 140, 214, 221, 240, 252, 320;
as Prime Minister, 253, 311, 316;
and 1830 rising, 258, 278, 302, 309.
Wensleydale, Lord. _See_ Mr. Justice Parke.
Westcote (enclosure), 43 _n._
Western, C. C., 176.
---- Squire, 50, 187, 222, 328.
---- Sophia, 211.
West Grimstead, 294.
Westminster, 8.
Wetherall, 127.
Wharncliffe, Lord, 190.
Wheble, Mr., 305.
Wherwell, 284.
Whitaker, Sergeant, 203.
Whitbread, Samuel, and minimum wage proposals, 86, 134, 139 ff.,
149, 210, 233;
scheme of 1807, 20, 179 ff.
---- Mr., J.P., 269.
Whitchurch, 289.
Whitecross Green, 89.
Whiteparish, 293.
White’s, 69, 332.
Wickham, Mr., 266 _n._
Wigtoft (enclosure), 100 _n._
Wilbarston (enclosure), 78.
Wilberforce, William, 124 _n._;
and minimum wage, 143;
and Protestant Church in Copenhagen, 178 _n._;
and the reform of manners, 222;
and Prince of Wales on Cobbett, 223;
on blessings of England, 332.
Wilde, Mr. Serjeant, 278, 282.
Wilford, 118, 120.
Wilkes, 72.
Wilkinson, Dr., 79.
Wilkinson, Mr. John, 116 _n._
Willet, Mr., the banker, 177.
---- ---- the butcher, 177.
William III., 5.
---- IV., 312.
Williams, Mr., 221.
---- Mr., J. P., 265.
---- George, 305.
---- William, 226.
Wilton, 261, 292.
Wiltshire, 122;
1830 rising in, 258 ff.;
labourers compared with Hampshire, 298;
prisoners, 308 _n._
Winchester, 15, 121, 219;
and 1830 rising, 265;
Special Commission at, 274, 276, 278 ff.;
scenes outside gaol, 289.
Winchester, Bishop of. _See_ Sumner.
---- Lord, 284.
---- Mayor of, 265.
Winchilsea, Lord, 101, 130, 242;
his allotments, 155, 157 ff., 160.
Windermere, 217.
Windham, W., 57, 224.
Windsor, 80.
Winfrith Newburgh, (enclosure), 51, 59, Appendix A (12).
Winkworth, William, 285.
Winslow, 164.
Winter, Captain, 310.
Winterbourne, 305.
Withers, Peter, 297.
Witley, 208.
Wonston, 284.
Woolridge, Henry, 306.
Worcester, 152.
Worcestershire, 169.
Workhouses, 147;
destroyed in 1830, 260.
Wraisbury, 50 _n._
Wycombe, 306.
Wynne, Squire, 293.
Xenophon, 197.
Yardley Goben, 164.
Yorkshire, 13, 155, 269.
Young, Arthur, 31, 33 _n._, 74, 80, 102 _n._, 160;
on France and England, 3, 105, 111, 224;
on common-field system, 37;
on enclosure and its methods, 44, 58, 60, 62, 79, 81;
protest against methods, 82 ff., 154;
scheme for allotments, 84, 173, 321;
and Otmoor, 89, 93;
on wheaten bread, 126;
and minimum wage, 135, 143;
and Speenhamland system, 165;
and bailiffs, 213;
and curates, 221.
---- Sir William, 141, 143, 148.
Printed by T. and A. CONSTABLE, Printers to His Majesty
at the Edinburgh University Press
Transcriber's Note
The following apparent errors have been corrected:
p. 3 "Gobereau" changed to "Hobereau"
p. 22 "eighteeenth-century" changed to "eighteenth-century"
p. 31 (note) "consent (p. 339)" changed to "consent’ (p. 339)"
p. 51 "of 721 neuter.’" changed to "of 721 neuter."
p. 58 "of canvassing,’" changed to "of canvassing.’"
p. 62 "his award was made," changed to "his award was made."
p. 69 "irregularity the Bill" changed to "irregularity: the Bill"
p. 76 "no less that" changed to "no less than"
p. 78 "ask for permisson" changed to "ask for permission"
p. 79 "inariably" changed to "invariably"
p. 105 "ses vaissaux" changed to "ses vassaux"
p. 107 "As Sidlesham in Surrey" changed to "At Sidlesham in Surrey"
p. 113 "till be became" changed to "till he became"
p. 119 "a parishoner" changed to "a parishioner"
p. 121 "As Ipswich" changed to "At Ipswich"
p. 121 "severe sentence." changed to "severe sentence.’"
p. 146 (note) "p. 91." changed to "p. 91.)"
p. 148 (note) "vol. i. p. 397" changed to "vol. i. p. 397."
p. 160 "saying ‘The more" changed to "saying "The more"
p. 160 "for us.’" changed to "for us."’"
p. 217 "demander a leur" changed to "demander à leur"
p. 228 "p. 66" changed to "p. 66."
p. 274 (note) "Vaughan (1769-1839" changed to "Vaughan (1769-1839)."
p. 278 "Sergeant Wild" changed to "Sergeant Wilde"
p. 304 "years’ transportation," changed to "years’ transportation."
p. 342 "(Lord of the Manor)" changed to "(Lord of the Manor),"
p. 343 "Clarks, Darey’s" changed to "Clarks, Dareys"
p. 357 "asking for leave." changed to "asking for leave"
p. 365 "‘A Clause was offered" changed to "A Clause was offered"
p. 380 "Cocks, Esq" changed to "Cocks, Esq."
p. 395 "p, 191." changed to "p. 191."
p. 397 "oatmeal" changed to "oatmeal,"
p. 398 "scarce’) Clothes," changed to "scarce’), Clothes,"
p. 402 "_History of the English Agricultural Labourer_" changed to
"_History of the English Agricultural Labourer_."
p. 405 "Aldeborough" changed to "Aldborough"
p. 405 "43 _n_" changed to "43 _n._"
p. 405 "50 59" changed to "50, 59"
p. 405 "1795, 121" changed to "1795, 121;"
p. 405 "J.P, 297" changed to "J.P., 297."
p. 409 "Charles, 141," changed to "Charles, 141;"
p. 409 "148 _n_" changed to "148 _n._"
p. 411 "Isle of Wight, 169" changed to "Isle of Wight, 169."
p. 411 "Holdsworth, W., 23 _n._" was printed out of order
p. 414 "Prothero, R. E" changed to "Prothero, R. E."
p. 414 "against enclosure 47" changed to "against enclosure, 47"
p. 417 "Mr. Serjeant" changed to "Mr. Sergeant"
Inconsistent or archaic spelling and punctuation have otherwise been
kept as printed.