THE TITANIC STRIKES AN ICEBERG!
TARDY ATTENTION TO WARNING RESPONSIBLE FOR ACCIDENT -- THE DANGER
NOT REALIZED AT FIRST -- AN INTERRUPTED CARD GAME -- PASSENGERS
JOKE AMONG THEMSELVES -- THE REAL TRUTH DAWNS -- PANIC ON BOARD
-- WIRELESS CALLS FOR HELP
SUNDAY night the magnificent ocean liner was plunging through a
comparatively placid sea, on the surface of which there was much mushy
ice and here and there a number of comparatively harmless-looking
floes. The night was clear and stars visible. First Officer William T.
Murdock was in charge of the bridge. The first intimation of the
presence of the iceberg that he received was from the lookout in the
crow's nest.
Three warnings were transmitted from the crow's nest of the Titanic to
the officer on the doomed steamship's bridge 15 minutes before she
struck, according to Thomas Whiteley, a first saloon steward.
Whiteley, who was whipped overboard from the ship by a rope while
helping to lower a life-boat, finally reported on the Carpathia aboard
one of the boats that contained, he said, both the crow's nest
lookouts. He heard a conversation between them, he asserted, in which
they discussed the warnings given to the Titanic's bridge of the
presence of the iceberg.
Whiteley did not know the names of either of the lookout men and
believed that they returned to England with the majority of the
surviving members of the crew.
[Illustration: A GRAPHIC ILLUSTRATION OF THE FORCE WITH WHICH A
VESSEL STRIKES AN ICEBERG]
"I heard one of them say that at 11.15 o'clock, 15 minutes before the
Titanic struck, he had reported to First Officer Murdock, on the
bridge, that he fancied he saw an iceberg," said Whiteley. "Twice
after that, the lookout said, he warned Murdock that a berg was ahead.
They were very indignant that no attention was paid to their
warnings."
TARDY ATTENTION TO WARNING RESPONSIBLE FOR ACCIDENT
Murdock's tardy answering of a telephone call from the crow's nest is
assigned by Whiteley as the cause of the disaster.
When Murdock answered the call he received the information that the
iceberg was due ahead. This information was imparted just a few
seconds before the crash, and had the officer promptly answered the
ring of the bell it is probable that the accident could have been
avoided, or at least, been reduced by the lowered speed.
The lookout saw a towering "blue berg" looming up in the sea path of
the Titanic, and called the bridge on the ship's telephone. When,
after the passing of those two or three fateful minutes an officer on
the bridge lifted the telephone receiver from its hook to answer the
lookout, it was too late. The speeding liner, cleaving a calm sea
under a star-studded sky, had reached the floating mountain of ice,
which the theoretically "unsinkable" ship struck a crashing, if
glancing, blow with her starboard bow.
MURDOCK PAID WITH LIFE
Had Murdock, according to the account of the tragedy given by two of
the Titanic's seamen, known how imperative was that call from the
lookout man, the men at the wheel of the liner might have swerved the
great ship sufficiently to avoid the berg altogether. At the worst the
vessel would probably have struck the mass of ice with her stern.
Murdock, if the tale of the Titanic sailor be true, expiated his
negligence by shooting himself within sight of all alleged victims
huddled in life-boats or struggling in the icy seas.
When at last the danger was realized, the great ship was so close upon
the berg that it was practically impossible to avoid collision with
it.
[Illustration: THE LOCATION OF THE DISASTER]
VAIN TRIAL TO CLEAR BERG
The first officer did what other startled and alert commanders would
have done under similar circumstances, that is, he made an effort by
going full speed ahead on the starboard propeller and reversing his
port propeller, simultaneously throwing his helm over, to make a rapid
turn and clear the berg. The maneuver was not successful. He succeeded
in saving his bows from crashing into the ice-cliff, but nearly the
entire length of the underbody of the great ship on the starboard side
was ripped. The speed of the Titanic, estimated to be at least
twenty-one knots, was so terrific that the knife-like edge of the
iceberg's spur protruding under the sea cut through her like a
can-opener.
The Titanic was in 41.46 north latitude and 50.14 west longitude when
she was struck, very near the spot on the wide Atlantic where the
Carmania encountered a field of ice, studded with great bergs, on her
voyage to New York which ended on April 14th. It was really an ice
pack, due to an unusually severe winter in the north Atlantic. No less
than twenty-five bergs, some of great height, were counted.
The shock was almost imperceptible. The first officer did not
apparently realize that the great ship had received her death wound,
and none of the passengers had the slightest suspicion that anything
more than a usual minor sea accident had happened. Hundreds who had
gone to their berths and were asleep were unawakened by the vibration.
BRIDGE GAME NOT DISTURBED
To illustrate the placidity with which practically all the men
regarded the accident it is related that Pierre Maréchal, son of the
vice-admiral of the French navy, Lucien Smith, Paul Chevré, a French
sculptor, and A. F. Ormont, a cotton broker, were in the Café Parisien
playing bridge.
The four calmly got up from the table and after walking on deck and
looking over the rail returned to their game. One of them had left
his cigar on the card table, and while the three others were gazing
out on the sea he remarked that he couldn't afford to lose his smoke,
returned for his cigar and came out again.
They remained only for a few moments on deck, and then resumed their
game under the impression that the ship had stopped for reasons best
known to the captain and not involving any danger to her. Later, in
describing the scene that took place, M. Maréchal, who was among the
survivors, said: "When three-quarters of a mile away we stopped, the
spectacle before our eyes was in its way magnificent. In a very calm
sea, beneath a sky moonless but sown with millions of stars, the
enormous Titanic lay on the water, illuminated from the water line to
the boat deck. The bow was slowly sinking into the black water."
The tendency of the whole ship's company except the men in the engine
department, who were made aware of the danger by the in-rushing water,
was to make light of and in some instances even to ridicule the
thought of danger to so substantial a fabric.
THE CAPTAIN ON DECK
When Captain Smith came from the chart room onto the bridge, his first
words were, "Close the emergency doors."
"They're already closed, sir," Mr. Murdock replied.
"Send to the carpenter and tell him to sound the ship," was the next
order. The message was sent to the carpenter, but the carpenter never
came up to report. He was probably the first man on the ship to lose
his life.
The captain then looked at the communicator, which shows in what
direction the ship is listing. He saw that she carried five degrees
list to starboard.
The ship was then rapidly settling forward. All the steam sirens were
blowing. By the captain's orders, given in the next few minutes, the
engines were put to work at pumping out the ship, distress signals
were sent by the Marconi, and rockets were sent up from the bridge by
Quartermaster Rowe. All hands were ordered on deck.
PASSENGERS NOT ALARMED
The blasting shriek of the sirens had not alarmed the great company of
the Titanic, because such steam calls are an incident of travel in
seas where fogs roll. Many had gone to bed, but the hour, 11.40 P. M.,
was not too late for the friendly contact of saloons and smoking
rooms. It was Sunday night and the ship's concert had ended, but there
were many hundreds up and moving among the gay lights, and many on
deck with their eyes strained toward the mysterious west, where home
lay. And in one jarring, breath-sweeping moment all of these, asleep
or awake, were at the mercy of chance. Few among the more than 2000
aboard could have had a thought of danger. The man who had stood up in
the smoking room to say that the Titanic was vulnerable or that in a
few minutes two-thirds of her people would be face to face with death,
would have been considered a fool or a lunatic. No ship ever sailed
the seas that gave her passengers more confidence, more cool security.
Within a few minutes stewards and other members of the crew were sent
round to arouse the people. Some utterly refused to get up. The
stewards had almost to force the doors of the staterooms to make the
somnolent appreciate their peril, and many of them, it is believed,
were drowned like rats in a trap.
ASTOR AND WIFE STROLLED ON DECK
Colonel and Mrs. Astor were in their room and saw the ice vision flash
by. They had not appreciably felt the gentle shock and supposed that
nothing out of the ordinary had happened. They were both dressed and
came on deck leisurely. William T. Stead, the London journalist,
wandered on deck for a few minutes, stopping to talk to Frank Millet.
"What do they say is the trouble?" he asked. "Icebergs," was the brief
reply. "Well," said Stead, "I guess it is nothing serious. I'm going
back to my cabin to read."
From end to end on the mighty boat officers were rushing about without
much noise or confusion, but giving orders sharply. Captain Smith told
the third officer to rush downstairs and see whether the water was
coming in very fast. "And," he added, "take some armed guards along to
see that the stokers and engineers stay at their posts."
In two minutes the officer returned. "It looks pretty bad, sir," he
said. "The water is rushing in and filling the bottom. The locks of
the water-tight compartments have been sprung by the shock."
"Give the command for all passengers to be on deck with life-belts
on."
Through the length and breadth of the boat, upstairs and downstairs,
on all decks, the cry rang out: "All passengers on deck with
life-preservers."
A SUDDEN TREMOR OF FEAR
For the first time, there was a feeling of panic. Husbands sought for
wives and children. Families gathered together. Many who were asleep
hastily caught up their clothing and rushed on deck. A moment before
the men had been joking about the life-belts, according to the story
told by Mrs. Vera Dick, of Calgary, Canada. "Try this one," one man
said to her, "they are the very latest thing this season. Everybody's
wearing them now."
Another man suggested to a woman friend, who had a fox terrier in her
arms, that she should put a life-saver on the dog. "It won't fit," the
woman replied, laughing. "Make him carry it in his mouth," said the
friend.
CONFUSION AMONG THE IMMIGRANTS
Below, on the steerage deck, there was intense confusion. About the
time the officers on the first deck gave the order that all men should
stand to one side and all women should go below to deck B, taking the
children with them, a similar order was given to the steerage
passengers. The women were ordered to the front, the men to the rear.
Half a dozen healthy, husky immigrants pushed their way forward and
tried to crowd into the first boat.
"Stand back," shouted the officers who were manning the boat. "The
women come first."
Shouting curses in various foreign languages, the immigrant men
continued their pushing and tugging to climb into the boats. Shots
rang out. One big fellow fell over the railing into the water. Another
dropped to the deck, moaning. His jaw had been shot away. This was the
story told by the bystanders afterwards on the pier. One husky Italian
told the writer on the pier that the way in which the men were shot
down was horrible. His sympathy was with the men who were shot.
"They were only trying to save their lives," he said.
WIRELESS OPERATOR DIED AT HIS POST
On board the Titanic, the wireless operator, with a life-belt about
his waist, was hitting the instrument that was sending out C. Q. D.,
messages, "Struck an iceberg, C. Q. D."
"Shall I tell captain to turn back and help?" flashed a reply from the
Carpathia.
"Yes, old man," the Titanic wireless operator responded. "Guess we're
sinking."
An hour later, when the second wireless man came into the boxlike room
to tell his companion what the situation was, he found a negro stoker
creeping up behind the operator and saw him raise a knife over his
head. He said afterwards--he was among those rescued--that he realized
at once that the negro intended to kill the operator in order to take
his life-belt from him. The second operator pulled out his revolver
and shot the negro dead.
"What was the trouble?" asked the operator.
"That negro was going to kill you and steal your life-belt," the
second man replied.
"Thanks, old man," said the operator. The second man went on deck to
get some more information. He was just in time to jump overboard
before the Titanic went down. The wireless operator and the body of
the negro who tried to steal his belt went down together.
On the deck where the first class passengers were quartered, known as
deck A, there was none of the confusion that was taking place on the
lower decks. The Titanic was standing without much rocking. The
captain had given an order and the band was playing.