FINDING FRIENDS.
The Young Janitor at Hiram Institute--Personal Appearance at this
time--Teaching and Preaching--The Tailor of Troy--The Beginning of the
Civil War.
James Garfield attended the Geauga Seminary three years in succession.
During his second and third vacations he acted as master in some of the
log-schools in his native county.
Then, at the age of twenty, he went from teaching school to sweeping
the college floor at Hiram Institute. Here, besides gaining a
considerable step in his education, Garfield began to exercise his
gifts as a speaker. The debating society of his college found in him
its most fluent disputant, and the college became immensely proud of
the promising youth, whose reputation as a ready and effective speaker
was spreading far and wide.
In two ways he found outlet and exercise for the more generous
instincts of his nature--in preaching the Gospel and in denouncing
slavery. Even as early as this, the great struggle that was fated to
bathe his nation in blood and fire was looming near, and the nobler
among the young men of the country were unconsciously preparing to play
their great parts in the awful civil war.
On entering Hiram Institute, Garfield was too poor to pay the ordinary
fees. He had applied, therefore, for the post of janitor, and his
duties were to sweep the rooms and ring the bell. He held this office
for one year, and during the whole of that time it was said that never
once did his bell ring behind the time.
From the humble position of janitor he was promoted at the end of the
session to the more honourable one of assistant tutor. It seemed as if
his experience was to be a continual example of the possibility, and
even the advantage in some respects, to a healthy lad, of combining
great success in study with great industry in manual labour.
His pay as a teacher was little more than nominal, and it was still
necessary that he should work to live, therefore he engaged his
mornings and evenings, as at Geauga, to a local carpenter, and thus
supported himself.
Such perseverance as this of course attracted the attention of both his
fellow-students and his professors. By the former he was voted "a
brick," by the latter he was mentally designated for a future professor
and principal of the Institute; while in the minds of both young men
and old there was a feeling, slowly shaping itself into a prophecy,
that such ability and courage and character could have but one end, and
that Garfield was destined to become President of the United States.
When he entered the Geauga Seminary, it was probably with no
expectation of proceeding farther on the road of learning than the
limited resources of that little country college could carry him. His
success there had sent him on to the Hiram Institute, and now it was a
matter of course that he should go to a university and take his degree.
But once more the money difficulty faced him, and once more the
devotion of one of the best brothers in the world opened the way.
Thomas was doing fairly well as a farmer; he had saved a little money,
and this he offered as a loan to his brother. James accepted the loan
gladly; and, to secure his generous brother against loss in case of his
own death, he insured his life for one hundred pounds.
Garfield had acquired none of the outward graces of fashionable young
men when he entered upon his career at Williams' University. He was
tall, big-limbed, and rather lanky. His garments were of the homeliest
manufacture, and his speech was somewhat broad and provincial. In
mental stature, however,--in scholarship and reading and judgment,--he
was a man, every inch of him. His fine face and magnificent head and
sparkling eyes gave promise of rare powers, and once more, and with
perfect ease, he took his place in the front rank of his
fellow-students.
Here, as at each stage in his eventful life, young Garfield proved that
every person must decide for himself the amount of respect that is
really due to him from his companions.
No one could have entered college with a more homely appearance than
Garfield. His rustic manners and still more rustic dress invited
criticism among the smart young men of his college, yet because he was
by nature a gentleman, he was treated from the first as such, by both
teachers and students alike.
His vacations, as before, were spent in teaching, and his Sabbaths in
preaching. In this latter office he acquitted himself so well, that it
became quite an accepted opinion that he was to become a minister.
This was one mark of the high estimation in which he was held, but
there were others besides. The position of teacher in a high school,
at the handsome salary of two hundred and fifty pounds, was offered him
at this time. The offer, however, was declined, for the reason that it
would prevent him taking his degree, and thus interfere with his plans
in life.
His ambition was a very noble one. He wished, he said, to take a
degree, to win, if possible, a name for scholarship; and then to go
back to the modest salary and the limited sphere of the Hiram
Institute, and thus help the humble college which had done so much for
him.
Another illustration of the good name he had earned was shown in a
smaller, but still very practical way. His brother Thomas's resources
had unfortunately given out, and James was in urgent need of money to
buy a suit of clothes. Careless as he was about his personal
appearance, the state of his wardrobe had become a serious anxiety to
him. One day a tailor in Troy sent for him, took his measure, and
fitted him out, saying, "Go on with your education, and when you have
some money for which you have no other use, pay me." This was a little
matter in itself, but of great interest as showing the opinion which
his neighbours had formed of the young man.
It was during his residence at Williams' that the country was thrown
into excitement by Preston Brooks' attack upon Charles Sumner. Sumner
had taken a prominent part in the growing desire of the Northern States
of America for the abolition of slavery. He was a Senator of the
United States, and a politician and orator of great influence.
One day, as he sat writing at his desk in the Senate House, two men
came up to him. One of these, a Senator and a slaveholder from South
Carolina, of the name of Brooks, was armed with a heavy stick. This
ruffian attacked Sumner from behind, felled him with a blow, and then
beat him as he lay upon the floor, leaving him almost dead. For this
grievous offence a small fine was imposed upon Brooks, and the amount
was promptly paid by his admiring constituents. The bully then
resigned his seat, and was re-elected without opposition by the South
as its spokesman, leader, and law-maker.
The news of this murderous attack spread like a flame through the land.
In every State in the South it found a ready response in the sullen
passions of the slave-owners, whose hatred for the Abolitionists it
exactly expressed. Throughout the North it raised a nobler sentiment,
and called forth a resolve that the system which placed millions of
human beings under the absolute power of such men as this Brooks must
be swept away. In both North and South that blow in the Senate House
at Washington fell like a spark among the stubble: it set the nation on
fire.
Among others who denounced the shameful deed was young Garfield. The
students of his university called a public meeting to protest against
the crime, and Garfield was the principal speaker. His address more
than surprised his companions. All the passionate vehemence of his
mighty heart was awakened by this outrage, and all the slumbering
hatred which he had nursed since boyhood against the abominations of
slavery sprang to his lips.
As his hot words swept over the audience, his fellow-students sat
amazed. Great as had been their belief in his powers, they had hardly
expected this, and they heard enough that night to convince them that
one of the mighty men of the earth was rising up amongst them; and they
went away from the meeting whispering, "We have heard great things
to-day."