CEREMONIES OF DEATH.
The ceremonies attendant upon death and burial are nearly the same in
the cases of men and women. The face or the head of the dying person is
turned towards the direction of Mekkeh. When the spirit is departing,
the eyes are closed; and then, or immediately after, the women of the
house commence a loud lamentation, in which many of the females of the
neighbourhood generally come to join. Hired female mourners are also
usually employed, each of whom accompanies her exclamations of "Alas for
him!" etc. by beating a tambourine. If possible, the corpse is buried on
the day of the death;[289] but when this cannot be done, the lamentation
of the women is continued during the ensuing night; and a recitation of
several chapters, or of the whole, of the Ḳur-án is performed by one
or more men hired for the purpose.
The washing consists, first, in the performance of the ordinary ablution
that is preparatory to prayer, with the exception of the cleansing of
the mouth and nose, and secondly, in an ablution of the whole body with
warm water and soap, or with water in which some leaves of the lote-tree
have been boiled. The jaw is bound up, the eyes are closed, and the
nostrils, etc., are stuffed with cotton; and the corpse is sprinkled
with a mixture of water, pounded camphor, dried and pounded leaves of
the lote-tree, and sometimes other dried and pulverized leaves, and with
rose-water. The ankles are bound together;[290] and the hands placed
upon the breast.
The grave-clothing of a poor man consists of a piece or two of cotton,
or a kind of bag; but the corpse of a man of wealth is generally wrapped
first in muslin, then in cotton cloth of a thicker texture, next in a
piece of striped stuff of silk and cotton intermixed, or in a
ḳafṭán (a long vest) of similar stuff merely stitched together,
and over these is wrapped a Kashmeer shawl.[291] The colours most
approved for the grave-clothes are white and green. The body thus
shrouded is placed in a bier, which is usually covered with a Kashmeer
shawl, and borne on the shoulders of three or four men, generally
friends of the deceased.
There are some slight differences in the funeral ceremonies observed in
different Arab countries; but a sufficient notion of them will be
conveyed by briefly describing those which prevail in Cairo. The
procession to the tomb is generally headed by a number of poor men,
mostly blind, who, walking two and two, or three and three together,
chant, in a melancholy tone, the profession (or two professions) of the
faith, "There is no deity but God" and "Moḥammad is God's apostle,"
or sometimes other words. They are usually followed by some male
relations and friends of the deceased; and these, by a group of
schoolboys, chanting in a higher tone, and one of them bearing a copy of
the Ḳur-án, or of one of its thirty sections, placed upon a kind of
desk formed of palm-sticks, and covered with an embroidered kerchief.
Then follows the bier, borne head-foremost. Friends of the deceased
relieve one another in the office of carrying it; and casual passengers
often take part in this service, which is esteemed highly meritorious.
Behind the bier walk the female mourners, composing a numerous group,
often more than a dozen; or, if of a wealthy family, they ride. Each of
those who belong to the family of the deceased has a strip of cotton
stuff or muslin, generally blue, bound round her head, over the
head-veil, and carries a handkerchief, usually dyed blue (the colour of
mourning), which she sometimes holds over her shoulders, and at other
times twirls with both hands over her head or before her face, while she
cries and shrieks almost incessantly; and the hired female mourners,
accompanying the group, often celebrate the praises of the deceased,
though this was forbidden by the Prophet. The funeral procession of a
man of wealth is sometimes preceded by several camels, bearing bread and
water to give to the poor at the tomb; and closed by the led horses of
some of the attendants, and by a buffalo or other animal to be
sacrificed at the tomb, where its flesh is distributed to the poor, to
atone for some of the minor sins of the deceased.[292]
The bier used for conveying the corpse of a boy or a female has a cover
of wood, over which a shawl is spread; and at the head is an upright
piece of wood: upon the upper part of this, in the case of a boy, is
fixed a turban, with several ornaments of female head-dress; and in the
case of a female, it is similarly decked, but without the turban.
A short prayer is recited over the dead, either in a mosque or in a
place particularly dedicated to this service in or adjacent to the
burial-ground. The body is then conveyed, in the same manner as before,
to the tomb. This is a hollow, oblong vault, one side of which faces the
direction of Mekkeh, generally large enough to contain four or more
bodies, and having an oblong monument of stone or brick constructed over
it, with a stela at the head and foot. Upon the former of these two
stelae (which is often inscribed with a text from the Ḳur-án, and the
name of the deceased, with the date of his death), a turban, cap, or
other head-dress, is sometimes carved, showing the rank or class of the
person or persons buried beneath; and in many cases, a cupola supported
by four walls, or by columns, is constructed over the smaller monument.
The body is laid on its right side, or inclined by means of a few crude
bricks, so that the face is turned towards Mekkeh; and a person is
generally employed to dictate to the deceased the answers which he
should give when he is examined by the two angels Munkar and Nekeer. If
the funeral be that of a person of rank or wealth, the bread and water
before mentioned are then distributed to the poor.[293]
Towards the eve of the first Friday after the funeral, and often early
in the morning of the Thursday, the women of the family of the deceased
repeat their wailing in the house accompanied by some of their female
friends: male friends of the deceased also visit the house shortly
before or after sunset; and three or four persons are hired to perform a
recitation of the whole of the Ḳur-án. On the following morning, some
or all of the members of the deceased's family, but chiefly the women,
visit the tomb; they or their servants carrying palm-branches, and
sometimes sweet basil, to lay upon it, and often the visitors take with
them some kind of food, as bread, pancakes, sweet cakes of different
kinds, or dates, to distribute to the poor on this occasion. They recite
portions of the Ḳur-án or employ people to recite it, as has been
already mentioned.[294] These ceremonies are repeated on the same days
of the next two weeks; and again on the eve and morning of the Friday
which completes, or next follows, the first period of forty days after
the funeral; whence this Friday is called El-Arba´een, or Jum´at
el-Arba´een.
It is believed that the soul remains with the body until the expiration
of the first night after the burial, when it departs to the place
appointed for the abode of good souls until the last day, or to the
appointed prisons in which wicked souls await their final doom; but with
respect to the state of souls in the interval between death and
judgment, there are various opinions which Sale thus states.[295] As to
the souls of the good, he says, "1. Some say they stay near the
sepulchres; with liberty, however, of going wherever they please; which
they confirm from Moḥammad's manner of saluting them at their graves,
and his affirming that the dead heard those salutations as well as the
living, though they could not answer. Whence perhaps proceeded the
custom of visiting the tombs of relations, so common among the
Mohammadans. 2. Others imagine they are with Adam, in the lowest heaven;
and also support their opinion by the authority of their prophet, who
gave out that in his return from the upper heavens in his pretended
night-journey, he saw there the souls of those who were destined to
paradise on the right hand of Adam, and those who were condemned to hell
on his left. 3. Others fancy the souls of believers remain in the well
Zemzem, and those of infidels in a certain well in the province of
Haḍramót, called Barahoot:[296] but this opinion is branded as
heretical [?]. 4. Others say they stay near the graves for seven days;
but that whither they go afterwards is uncertain. 5. Others that they
are all in the trumpet, whose sound is to raise the dead. And 6. Others
that the souls of the good dwell in the forms of white birds, under the
throne of God. As to the condition of the souls of the wicked, the more
orthodox held that they are offered by the angels to heaven, from whence
being repulsed as stinking and filthy, they are offered to the earth;
and, being also refused a place there, are carried down to the seventh
earth, and thrown into a dungeon, which they call Sijjeen, under a green
rock, or according to a tradition of Moḥammad, under the devil's jaw,
to be there tormented till they are called up to be joined again to
their bodies." But the souls of prophets are believed to be admitted
immediately into paradise, and those of martyrs are said to rest in the
crops of green birds which eat of the fruits of paradise and drink of
its rivers.[297]
Of the opinions above mentioned, with respect to the souls of the
faithful, I believe the first to be that which is most prevalent. It is
generally said that these souls visit their respective graves every
Friday; and according to some they return to their bodies on Friday,
after the period of the afternoon prayers, and on Saturday and Monday;
or on Thursday, Friday, and Saturday; and remain until sunrise.[298]--I
believe also, from having heard frequent allusions made to it as a thing
not to be doubted, that the opinion respecting the Well of Barahoot
commonly prevails in the present day. El-Ḳazweenee says of it, "It is
a well _near_ Haḍramót; and the Prophet (God bless and save him!)
said, 'In it are the souls of the infidels and hypocrites.' It is an
´Adite well [_i.e._ ancient, as though made by the old tribe of ´Ad], in
a dry desert, and a gloomy valley; and it is related of ´Alee (may God
be well pleased with him!), that he said, 'The most hateful of districts
unto God (whose name be exalted!) is the Valley of Barahoot, in which is
a well whose water is black and fetid, where the souls of the infidels
make their abode.' El-Asma'ee hath related of a man of Haḍramót that
he said, 'We find near Barahoot an extremely disgusting and fetid smell,
and then news is brought to us of the death of a great man of the chiefs
of the infidels.' It is related, also, that a man who passed a night in
the Valley of Barahoot, said, 'I heard all the night [exclamations] of O
Roomeh! O Roomeh! and I mentioned this to a learned man, and he told me
that it was the name of the angel commissioned to keep guard over the
souls of the infidels.'"[299]
FOOTNOTES:
[289] "When any one of you dies," said the Prophet, "you must not keep
him in the house; but carry him quickly to his grave:" and again he
said, "Be quick in lifting up a bier; for if the deceased be a good man,
it is good to take him up quickly, and carry him to his grave, to cause
the good to arrive at happiness; and if the deceased be a bad man, it is
a wickedness which ye put from your neck." (Mishkát el-Maṣábeeḥ,
i. 374, 387.)
[290] Two customs, namely, tying the toes of the corpse, and placing a
knife, or rather a sword, upon the body, are still common in some Muslim
countries; but I did not hear of their being observed in Egypt, nor the
custom of putting salt with the knife or sword. Iron and salt are both
believed to repel genii, and to prevent their approach, and hence,
perhaps, are thus used.
[291] It is a common custom for a Muslim, on a military expedition, or
during a long journey, especially in the desert, to carry his
grave-linen with him; for he is extremely careful that he may be buried
according to the law.
[292] More than one is unusual; but at the funeral of Moḥammad ´Alee,
which I witnessed in Cairo, about eighty buffaloes were thus driven in
the procession.--E. S. P.
[293] See further Modern Egyptians, ch. xxviii.
[294] See above, 23 and 24.
[295] Preliminary Discourse, section iv.
[296] So in the Ḳámoos, and in my MS. of the ´Ajáïb el-Makhlooḳát
of El-Ḳazweenee; but by Sale written "Borhût."
[297] The Mohammadan law distinguishes several different descriptions of
martyrs. This honourable title is given to the soldier who dies in
fighting for the faith, or on his way to do so, or who dies almost
immediately after his having been wounded when so engaged; to a person
who innocently meets with his death from the hand of another; to a
victim of the plague, who does not flee from the disease, or of
dysentery; to a person who is drowned, and to one who is killed by the
falling of a wall or any building.
[298] Murshid ez-Zoowár ilà Ḳuboor, el-Abrár (the Director of the
Visitors to the Tombs of the Just) by ´Abd-er-Raḥmán El-Khazrejee
El-Anṣáree: MS. in my possession.
[299] ´Ajáïb el-Makhlooḳát.
INDEX.
Aạshà, El- (poet), 155
Aạwar, El- (son of Satan), 33
´Abd-El-Ḳádir El-Jeelánee (saint), 50, _n._
´Abd-El-Melik (Khaleefeh, A.D. 685-705), 113, 114, 156, 168
Abel, 92
Ablutions, 11
---- before meals, 136
Abodes of the Jinn (Genii), 37, 104
Aboo-Bekr Eṭ-Ṭoosee (theologian), 73
Aboo-Murrah (surname of Satan), 31
Aboo-Zeyd, romance of, 127
Abraham, 2, 93
Abstinence, 14
Abu-l-´Atáhiyeh (poet), 114, 115
Abu-l-Ghimr (surname of Satan), 31
Abu-l-Ḳásim El-Jeelánee, 55
Abyssinian slaves, 250, 253, 254
Accomplishments, 205, 239
´Ad, ancient tribe of, 105, 265
Adam, 2
Adán (call to prayer), 11, 186
Adhriyoon (anemone), 166, _n._
´Adid, El-, (Fáṭimee Khaleefeh, A.D. 1160-1171), 216, _n._
Adultery, 17
Agathodaemon, 39
Aḥmad El-Bedawee (saint), 50, _n._, 62, 63, 72
Aḥmad Rifá´ah (saint), 50, _n._
Aḥmedeeyeh darweeshes, 50, _n._
´Aïsheh (wife of Moḥammad), 34, 239
´Ajameeyeh (a sweet paste), 23
´Ajweh (pressed dates), 160
´Aḳeeḳah (victim), 191
Alchymy, 94
´Alee, 266
´Alee's wives, 222
´Alee El-Bekree (saint), 65-69
´Alee ibn-El-Ma-moon, 53
´Alee El-Leythee (saint), 60-63
´Alḳamah, 45
Alláh (God), 133
Alláhu Akbar! (God is Great!), 37
Almond, 161, 167
Almsgiving, 14, 23
Aloes-wood, 157
Ambassadors of Constantine VII., 121
Ambergris, 157
Ammooneh (female saint), 65-67
Amphora, 158
Amputation for theft, 17, 20, 21
Amulets, 85
Analysis of Arabian beauty, 215
Anemone, 166
Angel of Death, 90
Angel who bears the earth, 106
Angels, 2, 25, 26
----, fallen, 82
´Annáb (jujube), 161, _n._
´Antarah, romance of, 127
Antechamber of bath, 180
Antelope hunting, 183-185
Apartments, 145
Apostasy, 18
Apostles, 2
Apostolic angels, 26
Apple, 161
Apricot, 161
Arabs, early, 109-112
´Arafát, Mount, 14, 21, 39
Arba´een, El- (fortieth day after funeral), 263
Archangels, 26
Arms, 183
´Arsh Er-Raḥmán (Throne of the Compassionate), 99
´Arsh Iblees, 102
Ás (myrtle), 165
Asaf (Wezeer of Solomon), 40, 81
Ascension of Moḥammad into Heaven, 164
Asceticism, 53, 55-59
Aṣḥáb ed-Darak (overseers), 48
´Asḳalán, 141
Asma´ee, El- (poet), 114, 124-126
´Asr (afternoon prayer), 11
Ass of Umm ´Amr, 213
----, wild, hunting the, 185
Astrology, 84, _n._, 86, 237
Atlantic Ocean, 102
Auguration, 86, 87
Author made a darweesh, 62
´Azázeel (the youthful Satan), 30, 31
Azhar (the university mosque in Cairo), 50
´Azraeel (Angel of Death), 26, 33, 90
Bábil (Babel), 82
Baghdád, literary period at, 112, 114
Bahamoot (the fish that bears the earth), 107
Bahár (buphthalmum), 167, _n._
Baḥr el-Moḥeeṭ, El- (Circumambient Ocean), 100, 102
Baḥr el-Muzlim, El- (Atlantic Ocean), 102
Baḥr eẓ-Ẓulumát, or eẓ-Ẓulmeh (Sea of Darkness,
_i.e._ Atlantic Ocean), 102
Bakhteree, El- (poet), 118
Báḳillà (beanflower), 167, _n._
Bán (willow), 167, _n._
Banana, 161
Banquets, public, 139-141
Baráhimeh darweeshes, 50, _n._
Barahoot, well of, 264, 266
Báriḥ (inauguration), 87
Barḳooḳ (plum), 161, _n._
Barmekees (Barmecides), 115
Basil, sweet, 24, 167
Basket-making saint, 52
Baṣrah, owl of El-, 114
Bath, 179-183
---- spirits, 37, 38
Báṭiyeh (jar), 158
Baṭṭah (leather bottle), 158
Baṭṭeekh (water-melon), 160
Battues, 184
Bat-winged Jinn, 46
Beanflower, 167
Beasts, language of, 133
Beauty, Arab ideal of, 213-216
Bedawee, El-, 50, _n._
----, poetic, 116
----, love of the, 211-213
Beer, 149
Behaviour, 198, 199
Behemoth, 107
Bekree, El- (saint), 65-69
Belaḥ (date), 159
Benefsej (violet), 165
Beshneen (lotus), 167, _n._
Betrothal, 230, 231
Betrother, professional, 225
Beverages, 142
Beyt-owwal (antechamber), 180
Biers, 258, _n._
Birds, language of, 133
Birth, ceremonies attending, 186-192
Bisected Jinn, 45
Biṭṭeekh (water-melon), 160
Blacks, country of the, 102
Blood, 15
Blood-revenge, 19
Blood-wit, 18, 35
Books, destruction of, 54
Boots, 169, _n._
Boozeh (beer), 149
Bottles, leather and glass, 158
Bout of wine, 159
Bow, 183
Brandy, 154, 157
Bread and salt, 144
Breeding, good, 198, 199
Bridal ceremonies, 232-238
Bridegroom's ceremonies, 236, 237
Buffalo sacrificed at funerals, 261
Bull who bears the earth, 106
Bunduḳ (hazel-nut), 161, _n._
Buphthalmum, 167
Burák, El- (the miraculous beast), 164
Burckhardt, criticism of, 208, _n._
Burial, 258-262
Burḳo´ (face-veil), 225, _n._
Burning the dead, 117
Burtuḳán (orange), 161 _n._
Butchering, 15
Cain, 92
Cakes, 23
Call to prayer, 11, 12
Camel's flesh, 15
Camp, rules of hospitality, 143
Cannibal Jinn, 41-44
Carouse, 159
Carpet, 146
Carving, 147
Cask, 158
Ceiling, 147
Censer, 157
Centre of earth, 101
Ceremonies attending death, 258, ff.
Chamomile, 167
Chant of Muëddin, 11, 12
---- of the Zikr, 75, 76
Character, national, 205
Charity, 14, 15, 54
Charms, 6, 8, 82, 193
Childhood and education, 186-206
China, 44, 46, 102
Chiromancy, 87
Chrysolite, green, 104
Circassian slaves, 249
Circumcision, 15, 192, 200
Cities, immorality of European, 243
Citron, 161
Civet, 157
Civil laws, 16, 17
Clean and unclean food, 141
Clogs, 180
Clothes, 16
Cock, cry of, 133
Code of Islám, 1
Coffee, 150
Coffee-seller, 235
Coffee, white (brandy), 154
Coiffure, 216-218
Concubines, 17, 119, 124, 209, 222, 227, 247, 250-257
Congress, literary, 109
Coral, 218
Corpse, treatment of, 258, 259
Correspondence of Muslims, 127
Corrupt dialect, 113
Cosmography, 97-108
Couch, 139
Cousins' marriages, 227
Creation of Jinn, 26-29
Creed, 1-10
Cremation, 117
Cressets, 236
Crier, 11
Cries of birds, 133, 134
Criminal law, 17-21
Crocus, 167
Crops of birds, 265
Crossbow, 183
Crowns, women's, 218
Cruciform hall, 147
Culture, Muslim, 202
Cup, 158, 159
Cupboards, 147
Cup companion, 172
Cushions, 146
Da´eefeh (a slave-girl), 210
Dahlán (species of Jinn), 44
Daïs, 145
Damascus, 118, 119
Dancers, 201, 235
Daniel, 86, _n._
Darabukkeh (drum), 205
Dár el-Jelál (Mansion of Glory, first stage of Paradise), 90
Dár es-Selám (Mansion of Peace, second stage of Paradise), 99
Darb el-Mendel (mode of divination), 85, 94
Ḍarb er-Raml (geomancy), 86, _n._
Dar-gáh, 145
Dark regions, 103
Darkness beneath the earth, 107
Darkness, Sea of, 102
Ḍarrah (co-wife), 245, _n._
Darweeshes (Dervishes), 47, 48, 50, _n._
Darweesh performance (zikr), 73-77
Dásim (son of Satan), 33
Dásooḳee, Ed-, 50, _n._
Date, 159
Date-wine, 148, 149
Day of Judgment, 108
Days, lucky and unlucky, 92
Dead, examination of, 262
Death, Angel of, 90
----, ceremonies of, 258-266
Debts, 17
Deenár (gold coin), 14, etc.
Deev (spirit), 27
Deewán (divan), 146
Degrees, prohibited, 226
Delhán (species of Jinn), 44
Delláleh (female broker), 239
Demonology, 25-46
Denn (earthen vessel), 158
Dervishes, 47, 48, 50, _n._
Destiny, 3-10
Destoor yá mubárakeen! (Permission, ye blessed!), 37
Devils, 2, 25, ff.
Dhu-l-Ḥijjeh (last month of the Muslim year), 15, 21
Dhu-l-Kaạdeh (eleventh month), 110
Dhu-l-Ḳarneyn, 103
Diabolic magic, 82-93
Dialect, corrupt, 113
Dilḳ (a loose coat), 63
Dinners, public, 139-141
Dirhem (silver coin), 14, etc.
---- (a governor of Sijistán), 144
Diseases, 7, 10
Dishes, 137 ff., 159
Divan, 146
Divination, 82, 84, 85
Divine magic, 81, 82
Diving Jinn, 44
Divorce, 17, 222, 240-248
Dogmas of Islám, 1-10
Doors, 147
Dóraḳ (water-bottle), 188
Dove, cry of, 133
Dowry of a bride, 229, 230
Dreams, 88-92
Dress at wine-parties, 157
Dresses of honour, 116-118
Drinking, 150
---- moderate, 154
Drinks, 142
Drives in hunting, 184
Drum, 205
Drunkenness, 18
Duck, hawking, 183
Dukhool, or dukhleh (visit), 237
Dungeon under the Devil's jaw, 265
Durḳá´ah (floor), 145
Earth, 99-104
---- divisions of, 101-104
---- what it stands upon, 105-108
Earths, the seven, 97, 105
Earthquakes, 105, 107, _n._
Eating, manner of, 135-137, 242, _n._
Ecstasy, 50, 59, 77
Education, 186-206
´Eed (festival), 21
Eewán, El- (daïs), 145
Eezár (veil), 225, _n._
´Efreets (species of Jinn), 27 ff.
Eglantine, 167
Eiyoob (Job), 93
Elias, 49, 103
Emancipation, 250-253
Emblematic conversation, 129-133
Embroidery, 205, 239
Emeen, El- (Khaleefeh, A.D. 809-813), 256
Enchantment, 82, 83
´Eneb (grape), 161, _n._
Enoch, 86, _n._
Epistles, Mohammadan, 127
´Erk-soos (licorice), 149
´Eshè (nightfall prayer), 11
Establishment of Khaleefeh, 121
Etiquette, 16
---- in correspondence, 128
Eunuchs, 254
Ewers, 158
Excitement, religious, 77
´Eyáfeh, El- (auguration), 86
Eye, evil, 84, 188, 193-195
Eyes, blue, 214, _n._
Ezbekeeyeh (quarter in Cairo), 68
Faḍl ibn Yaḥyà (the Barmekee), 151
Fághiyeh (privet), 165, _n._
Fair of ´Okáḍh, 109-111
Faith, confession of, 1
Fál (omen), 87
Family duty, 192
Fans, 159
Fasting, 14, 21
Fate, 3-10
Faṭeerehs (pancakes), 235
Father and sons, 194, 195
Fátiḥah, 24, 62, 74, 229, 230
Fáṭimee Khaleefehs, A.D. 909-1171, 139
Fáṭimeh (daughter of Moḥammad), 186, 222, 228
Feasting and merrymaking, 135-185
Feasts, public, 139-141
Female education, 204, 205
Festivals, 14, 15, 21-24
---- of saints, 71, 72
Fig, 161
Fig wine, 149
Filial respect, 194
Fines, 18
Fire, smokeless, 27, 28
Fire-eating saints, 49
Fish that bears the world, 107
Flax, 167
Flowers, 161-167
---- for graves, 24
Fly-whisks, 159
Food, 137
---- manner of eating, 242, _n._
---- clean and unclean, 15, 141
Forms of the Jinn, 34-36
Formulæ of faith, 1
Fortune-telling, 85
Fountain, 145, 180
---- of Life, 138
---- of Paradise, 239
Freethinkers, 28
Freewill, 5
Friday prayers, 12
Fruits, 159
Funerals, 260 ff.
Furniture, 146
----, bridal, 230
Fustuḳ (pistachio-nut), 161, _n._
Gabriel, 26
Gait of women, 178, 219
Galen, 166
Galla slaves, 253
Gallantry, affairs of, 220
Game, 183-185
Gaming, 15
Gardens of Rest, of Eternity, of Delight, of Paradise, and of Eden
(or Perpetual Abode), third to seventh stages of Paradise, 99
Gazelle hunting, 183-185
Genii, 2, 25-46
Geography, Arab, 101-104
Geomancy, 38, 86, _n._
George, St., 103
Georgian slaves, 249
Ghareeb (a slave poetess), 256
Gharrár (species of Jinn), 43, 44
Gházool el-azrár (a plant), 130, _n._
Ghools, 41-43, 104
Ghós, El- (chief saint), 48
Ghowwáṣah, El- (diving Jinn), 44
Gilding, 147
Gilliflower, 166
Glass bottles, jugs, and cups, 158
Glass, coloured, 147
Gluttony, 141
Goat, sacrifice of, 191
God, 2
Gog and Magog, 101, 102, 104
Gold and silver ornaments, 16
Goose, wild, hawking, 183
Gospels, 3
Gourmets, 141
Grape, 161
Grave, 262
---- clothes, 259
---- stones, 261
---- visiting, 23, 69-71, 263
Grouse, hawking, 183
Guard, 254
Guardian angels, 26
---- genius, 38, 39
Guests, 143
Ḥabarah (kind of veil), 225, _n._
Ḥabbábeh (Yezeed's slave-girl), 209
Hábeel (Abel), 92
Habitations of the Jinn, 37
Ḥadeed (iron), 36
Haḍramót (province), 45, 264, 266
Hagiology, 47-79
Hair-dressing, 216-218
Hair, sign of submission, 216, _n._
Ḥájj (pilgrimage), 14
Ḥalḳat eṣ-ṣeyd (circle of the chase), 184
Hall, 147
Ham, 86, _n._
Hambelees (Muslim sect), 1
Ḥammád Er-Ráwiyeh (poet), 118-120
Hammám (bath), 179-183
Ḥanafee quarter in Cairo, 88
Ḥanafees (sect), 1, 20
Ḥaráreh (chief room in bath), 180
Hare, 183
Ḥareem (women's apartments), 194
---- employments, 238, 239
Ḥárith, El- (surname of Satan), 31
Hároon Er-Rasheed (Khaleefeh, A.D. 786-809), 114-117, 169, 171,
172, 210, 256
Hároot and Mároot, 82, 83
Ḥasan, El- (grandson of Moḥammad), 186
Ḥashr (formula of faith), 198
Hat, sugarloaf, 169
Hawking, 183
Hazel-nut, 161
Heavens, the seven, 97
Heirs, 17
Hell, 105, 108
Hemp, 149, 150
Hennà, 215, 234
Heresy, 1
Hermes Trismegistus, 86, _n._
Heroic age of literature, 109-111
Hijár, 160
Hind, El- (India), 45, 102
Hippocrates, 167
Hishám (Khaleefeh, A.D. 724-743), 118-120
Ḥobaḳ (sweet basil), 167, _n._
Holiday meetings, 22
Homicide, 18
Honour, place of, 146
Hood, 93
Horoscope, 237
Hospitality, 143
Houses, Arab, 145
Hunting, 183-185
Iblees (Satan), 2, 27, 28, 30-33, 38, 105
Ibráheem (Abraham), 103
Ibráheem Ed-Dásooḳee, 50, _n._
Ibráheem El-Khowwáṣ (saint), 51
Ibráheem El-Móṣilee (poet), 169-172
Ibráheem ibn-El-Mahdee (poet), 176
Ibreeḳ (ewer), 119, 158
Ibn-´Obeyd El-Bakhteree (poet), 118
Idrees, 86, _n._
Ijjás (plum), 161, _n._
Iḳámeh (form of praise), 186, _n._
´Ilm en-Nujoom (astrology), 86
´Ilwee, or high, magic, 81
Ilyás (Elias), 49, 103
Images, 15
Imám (minister), 12
Improvisation, 203
Incarnations of Jinn, 34-36
Incense, 157
India, 46, 102
Infants, 186-192
---- in Paradise, 196-198
Infatuation, 213
Infidels, distinguishing marks, 183
Inheritance, 17
Initiation of a darweesh, 62
Ins (mankind), 25
Insanity, 60
In sháa-lláh (If it be the will of God), 61
Inspector of markets, 158, _n._
Intemperance, 151-157
Intercession of saints, 4
Interpretation of dreams, 88
Intoxication, 18
----, penalty of, 155
Invocations, 38, 39, 81, 82, 84
Isḥáḳ El-Móṣilee (poet), 169, 171, 172
Islám, 1-24
Ism el-Aạẓam, El- (the most great name of God), 81
Isráfeel (blower of Last Trump), 26
Izár (veil), 225, _n._
Jaạfar El-Barmekee, 115, 117, 256
Jaạfar Káshif, 67
Jabart, 50
Jabartee's mother, El-, 246-248
Jábeh (Java), 45
Jahennem (Hell), 105, 108
Jám (empty cup), 159
Jánn (_i.q._ Jinn), 27 ff.
---- ibn-Jánn, 29
Jar, 158
Jasmine, 167
Java, 45
Jebraeel (Gabriel), 26
Jeelánee, El-, 50, _n._
Jemmeyz (sycamore-fig), 161, _n._
Jennet ´Adn (Garden of Eden, seventh stage of Paradise), 99
Jennet el-Firdós (Garden of Paradise, its sixth stage), 99
Jennet el-Khuld (Garden of Eternity, fourth stage of Paradise), 99
Jennet el-Ma-wà (Garden of Rest, third stage of Paradise), 99
Jennet en-Na´eem (Garden of Delight, fifth stage of Paradise), 99
Jerusalem, 101
----, Temple of, 40
Jesus, 2
Jewish and Muslim social systems, 242
Jibreel (Gabriel), 26
Jinn (Genii), 2, 25-46
---- abode of, 37, 104
Jinnee (singular of Jinn), 25
Jinneeyeh wife, 36
Job, 93
Jonas, 92
Joseph, 92
Józ (walnut), 161, _n._
Judgment, 3
---- day, 108
Jug, 158
Jugglers, 24, 235
Jujube, 161
Jullanár, or Julnár (pomegranate flower), 167, _n._
Jum´at el-Arba´een (the Friday forty days after funeral), 263
Jummár (pith of palm), 160
Jummeyz (sycamore-fig), 161, _n._
Kaạb El-Aḥbar, sayings of, 206
Kaạbeh (temple at Mekkeh), 48
Ḳá´ah (hall or saloon), 147
Ḳábeel (Cain), 92
Ḳaḍà, El- (fate), 3
Ḳaḍà el-moḥkam, El- (absolute fate), 3, 4
Ḳaḍà el-mubram, El- (alterable fate), 3, 4
Ḳadaḥ (empty cup), 159
Ḳadar, El-, (destiny), 3
Ḳádee (judge), 67, 151, 229, 230
Ḳádireeyeh darweeshes, 59, _n._
Ḳáf, mountains of, 37, 100, 104
Káfoor, El-Ikhsheedee, Governor of Egypt, 131
Kafráwee, El-, 95
Ḳafṭán (long vest), 259
Kaḥk (cake), 23
Ḳahweh (coffee), 151
Ḳahwejee (coffee-seller), 235
Ḳalensuweh (sugarloaf hat), 169
Karámeh (saint's miracle), 49
Kás (full cup), 159
Ḳaṣab es-sukkar (sugar-cane), 161, _n._
Ḳaṣeedah (ode), 76
Ḳaṭà (grouse), 133, 134, 183
Kebbád (citron), 161, _n._
Keemiyà, El- (alchymy), 94
Ḳeerát (1/20th of a deenár), 117
Kelimeh (profession of faith), 198
Kereem (bountiful), 133
Ketmia, 167
Kettán (flax), 167, _n._
Ḳeys ibn Aṣim, 156
Khaláf (willow), 167, _n._
Khaleefehs' magnificence, 119, 121, 122
Khaleel, El- (Abraham), 93
Khárijeh, 224
Khashkhash (poppy), 167, _n._
Khaṭeeb (minister), 12
Khátibeh (betrother), 224
Khátimeh (epilogue), 45, _n._
Khatmeh (recitation of the whole Ḳur-án), 24, 78, 187, 201, 258
Khaṭṭ (geomancy), 38, _n._
Kheeree (gilliflower), 166
Khiḍr, El- (a mythological saint), 49, 62, 63, 103
Khiláf (willow), 167, _n._
Khiṭb (I ask), 224
Khiṭmee (Ketmia), 167, _n._
Khokh (peach), 161, _n._
Khowwás (basket-maker), 52
Khuffs (soft inside boots), 169
Khuṭbeh (minister's prayer and exhortation), 13, 22, 229, 230
Kiháneh, El- (divination), 81-86
Kináạ (face veil), 225, _n._
Kinneeneh (glass bottle), 158
King of flowers, 161-165
----, niggardly, 124-126
Kiyáfeh, El- (chiromancy), 87
Koḥl (collyrium), 214, 234
Koobeh (wine-cup), 159, _n._
Koofeh El- (city in ´Iráḳ), 118
Koran. _See_ Ḳur-án and index of authors
Ḳulleh (sherbet-cup), 159, _n._
---- (water-bottle), 188
Kumeyt (red), 151, _n._
Kummetrè (pear), 161, _n._
Ḳur-án (Koran), 3. (_See_ index of authors.)
---- recitation, 24, 78, 187, 201, 258, 263
----, style of, 111, 112
Ḳurṣ (crown), 218, _n._
Ḳuṭb (chief saint), 47
Ḳuṭb el-Ghóth (chief saint of invocation), 47
Ḳuṭrub (species of Jinn), 43
Kuyootà (the bull who carries the earth), 106
Lá-iláha-illa-lláh! (There is no deity but God!), 58
Lamentations, 258
Lamp, miraculous, 50
Language of birds and beasts, 133, _n._
Last day, 108
Lattice-work, 147
Laws, civil, 16, 17
---- criminal, 17-21
---- moral and ritual, 10-16
Lebláb (beanflower), 167, _n._
Leewán (daïs), 145
Lemon, 161
Letters, 109-134
Leylà and Mejnoon, 208
Leymoon (lime), 161, _n._
Leythee, El-, (saint), 60-63
Libation at the tomb, 156
Licorice beverage, 149
Life, fountain of, 103
Lily, 167
Lime, 161
Limitations of polygamy, 241
Limits of Arab geography, 101
Looṭ (Lot), 93
Lotus, 161, 167
Love, true, 207-213
Lóz (almond), 161, _n._, 167, _n._
Liqueur-glass, 159, _n._
Liquors, fermented, 148-159
Literature, 109-134
Lunatic saints, 60
Lute, 168, 170, 174, 178
Mace, 183
Mádineh (minaret), 11
Madness, 60
Magic, 38, 39, 80-96
Magician, a famous, 91-96
Magnificence of Khaleefehs, 119, 121, 122
Magog, 101, 102, 104
Mahdee, El- (Khaleefeh, A.D. 775-785), 176
Májooj, 101, 102, 104
Maḳṣoorah (railed enclosure), 68
Málikees (sect), 1
Ma-moon, El-, (Khaleefeh, A.D. 813-833), 117, 172-175, 256
Manners, 16, 198, 199
Mansions of Glory and of Peace, first and second stages of
Paradise, 99
Manṣoor Effendee, 153, _n._
Mantle of prophecy, 50
Manufactures, 235, 236
Manumission, 252
Marble pavement, 145
Márids (species of Jinn), 27, ff.
Máristán (hospital and madhouse in Cairo), 64, 67
Market streets, 177
Mároot and Hároot, 82, 83
Marriage, 16, 203, 204, 207-248
---- contract, 230, 231
---- feasts, 232
---- law, 221
---- short form of, 224
---- with slaves, 252
Martyrs, 265, _n._
Marwán (Governor of Medeeneh), 211, 212
Masks, 111
Maṣyedehs (enclosures for battues), 184
Mat, 146
Mattress, 146
Meals, 135 ff.
Meạráj (ascension into Heaven), 146
Meats, clean and unclean, 15, 141
Meded (support), 76
Medicines, 6, 8
Meekaeel or Meekál (Michael), 26
Mejzoob (lunatic), 65, 67
Mekkeh, 12, 14, 21, 39, 101, 247
Melek (angel), 25
Memlooks (male white slaves), 254
Menárehs, street of the, 123
Menfooḥah (in Yemámeh), 155
Menou, General, 64
Mensej (embroidery frame), 239
Menthoor (gilliflower), 166
Meshoom (unlucky), 36
Meslemeh (Yezeed's brother), 209
Meslakh (disrobing room in bath), 180
Michael, 26
Middle Age of Arab literature, 112
Midwife, 187
Minaret, 11, 12
Minè, Valley of, 21
Minister, 12
Miracles of saints, 49-52
Mirwaḥah (fan), 130
Mishmish (apricot), 161
Mizmár (a musical pipe), 38
Moạjizeh (prophet's miracle), 49
Moạtaḍid, El- (Khaleefeh, A.D. 892-902), 158
Moạtaṣim, El- (Khaleefeh, A.D. 833-842), 256
Moạtezileh (freethinkers), 28
Mo´áwiyeh (Khaleefeh, A.D. 661-680), 210-213
Moderation in wine, 154
Moḥammad the Prophet, 2
---- sayings of. _See_ index of authors, under _Ḳur-án_
and _Mishkát_
Moḥammad, praise of, 75
Moḥammad ´Alee's funeral, 261, _n._
Moḥammad El-Ashwam (a Tunisian saint), 50
Moḥammad Ibn-Eṭ-Ṭeiyib (dyer of Baghdad), 224
Mohammadanism, 1-24
Moḥeeṭ (circumambient ocean), 102
Moḥtesib (inspector), 158, _n._
Mole, a beauty spot, 214
Monogamy, 223, _n._
Monopoly, 17
Moolids, or Mólids (saints' festivals), 71, 72
Moral laws, 10-16
Mosaic legislation, 242
Moses, 2
Móṣil, owl of El-, 114
Mosque, 12, 21
---- teaching, 202
Mourning, 258
---- colour, 261
Móz (banana), 161
Muballigh (transmitter, at public prayers), 111
Muëddin (crier), 11, 12, 38
----, Devil's, 168
Mugheyreh ibn-Sheạbeh, 223
Mujáhid, adventure of, 83
Mukháriḳ (a singer), 171-175
Muḳtedir, El-, (Khaleefeh, A.D. 908-932), 121, 201
Mulberry, 161
Munádee, El-, (saint), 62
Munkir (angel who examines the dead), 26, 262
Munshids (singers of odes), 71, 74
Murder, 17, 18
Muṣḥaf (copy of the Ḳur-án), 16, _n._
Music, Arab, 15, 167-176, 178, 179
---- of the Zikr, 75, 76
Musical parties, 174
Musician's fees, 157
Muṣṭafà El-Munádee (saint), 62
Mutanebbee, El-, (poet), 131-133
Mutawekkil, El-, (Khaleefeh, A.D. 847-861), 45, 161
Mutilation, 20
Muweshshaḥ (ode), 76
Myrtle, 165
Mythology, 25-46
Nabḳ (lote), 161, _n._
Naked saints, 63
Naḳeeb, 50
Nakhleh (near Mekkeh), 110
Nákir (_i.q._ Munkir), 26
Name, assumed, 153, _n._
----, the Most Great, 81
Naming a child, 189, 190
Napkin, 159
Nárahs (Persian Jinn), 27
Narcissus, 166
Narcotics, 149, 150
Nárinj (Seville orange), 161, _n._
Narjis (narcissus), 166
Narseen (myrtle), 165
Naṣeeb (a slave), 156
National character, 205
Natural magic, 93
Nebboot (long staff), 65
Nebeedh (new wine), 148, 149
Nedeem (cup companion), 172
Needlework, 204
Neelófar (Nenuphar), 167, _n._
Negro slaves, 250, 253
Nekeer (angel who examines the dead), 26, 262
Nemám (wild thyme), 167, _n._
Nenuphar, 167
Nesnás (species of Jinn), 45, 46
Nets in hunting, 184
Niche, 12
Nikḥ (I accept), 224
Nimrod, 93
Nisreen (eglantine), 167, _n._
Noah, 2
Noạmán (blood), 166, _n._
Noạmán Ibn-El-Mundhir (King of El-Ḥeereh), 166
Noor-ed-deen Maḥmood (Sulṭán of Syria), 216, _n._
Nuḳl (fruits), 159
Nuḳuldáns (saucers), 159
Numrood (Nimrod), 93
Nuts, 161
Oaths, 16, _n._
Obeisance, degrees of, 119, _n._
Ocean, circumambient, 100, 102
Odes, 68, 76
---- singers of, 72, 74, 236
Odium irrevocabile, 241, _n._
´Okáḍh, fair of, 109-111
Olive, 161
´Omán, Sea of (Persian Gulf), 44
´Omar (Khaleefeh, A.D. 634-644), on women, 42, 219
Omens, 87
Oneromancy, 88-92
´Onnáb (jujube), 161, _n._
´Ood, El-, (lute), 178
Opium, 93, 96, 149
Orange, 161
Orders of Darweeshes, 48
Ornaments, 16
Orthodox theology, 1
´Oṣfur (safflower), 167, _n._
´Othmán (Khaleefeh, A.D. 644-656), 255
Outwitting a king, 124-126
Pages, 253
Palm, praise of, 160
Palm-branch, 23
Palm-tree fibre, 181
Pancakes, 235
Panels, 147
Paradise, 98, 99
Parents and children, 192
Parrot, talking, 134
Partridge, hawking, 183
Pavilion, royal, 119
Peach, 161
Peacock of the angels (surname of Satan), 31
Pear, 161
Pentateuch, 3
Perees (fairies), 27
Perfumes, 93, 157
Persia, dress of the King of, 123
Persian sect, 1
Pharaoh, 93
Pictures, 15
Pie, a famous, 138, 139
Pigeon, cry of, 133
Pilgrimage, 14
Pillar spirits, 29
Pints, 159
Pistachio-nut, 161
Pitch for curing wine, 158
Plague, 10
---- a dream of the Great, 88-92
Platform, 13
Pleiades, 87
Plum, 161
Plunging Jinn, 44
Plurality of wives, 222
Poems, examples, 115, 116
Poetic contests, 110
Poetry, 109-134, 203
Polygamy, 221, 240-248
Pomegranates, 161, 167
Poppy, 167
Potations, interrupted, 153
Psalms, 3
Prayers, 8, 11-14, 22
---- call to, 11, 12
Preadamite Jinn, 29, 40
Predestination, 3-10
Pre-islamic Arabs, 109-112
Presents, 116-120
Preserved tablet, 5
Price of blood, 18, 35
Privet, Egyptian, 165
Procession, bridal, 233-236
Prophets, 2, 29
Proverb, 133, 134, 245, _n._
Ptolemy, 99
Pulpit, 13
Punishments, 3
Purifications, 11
Pyramid builders, 29
Quail, hawking, 183
Quarantine, 10
Quince, 161
Rabáb (viol), 178
Rabeeạ eth-Thánee (the fourth month of the Muslim year), 65
Raḥmánee or divine magic, 81, 82
Raïj, Island in Chinese sea, 46
Raisin-wine, 149
Ram, sacrifice of, 191
Ramaḍán (month of fasting), 14, 21, 39, 41
Rasheed, Er-. _See_ Hároon.
Ráwiyeh (reciter), 118
Recording angels, 26
Reeḥán (sweet basil), 167, _n._
Rek´ah (form of Prayer), 11-13, 22, 237
Religion, 1-24
Religious excitement, 77
Resurrection, 3
Retaliation, 19
Revenants, 265, 266
Rewards of literature, 116-120, 171, 172 ff.
Rifá´eeyeh darweeshes, 50, _n._
Ringdove, cry of, 133
Ring signature, 128
Ritual laws, 10-16
Riwáḳ (division in the Azhar), 50
Robber thwarted, 144
Rock of ruby beneath the earth, 106
Romances, 127
Rooḥánee or spiritual magic, 81-93
Room in Arab house, 145
Rose, 161-165
---- miraculous, 163, 164
---- preserved, 163
---- beds, 165
---- lover, 162
---- season, 162
---- sellers, cry of, 164
---- water, 157, 162
Royal economy, 124-126
Rowḥ ibn-Ḥátim, 163
Rummán (pomegranate), 161
Ruṣáfeh quarter in Baghdád, 173
Ruṭab (fresh dates), 159
Saạláh (species of Jinn), 43
Ṣabbárah (aloe plant), 131
Ṣabr (patience), 131
Sacrifice, 15, 190, 191, 261
Ṣádoomeh, the magician, 94-96
Ṣafà (head-dress), 217-218
Safarjal (quince), 161, _n._
Ṣaffár, Eṣ-, (the brazier), 144
Safflower, 167
Saffron, 167
Saints, 47-79
Ṣaláh (prayer), 11
Ṣáliḥ's camel, 93
Saloon, 147
Salt, 144
---- sprinkling, 41, 188
Salutation of Friday, 12
Salutations, 119, _n._
Samoom, 28, 43
Sániḥ (inauguration), 87
Satan, 2
Satanic magic, 82-93
Saucers, 159
Schools, 201, 202
Scriptures, 2
Sea of Darkness (Atlantic), 102
---- of light, 98
Seal of Solomon, 40
Seạláh (species of Jinn), 43
Second sight, 61, 62
Secret drinking, 153
Secret signs, 132
Sects of Islám, 1
Seemiyà, Es-, (natural magic), 93
Ṣeen, Eṣ-, (China), 44, 46, 102
Seestán, or Sijistán, 144
Seḥr, Es-, (enchantment), 83
Selám (salutation), 12
Selsebeel (fountain of Paradise), 239
Semennood, 94
Sereer (couch), 139
Serpent, 28, 34
Serpent-worship, 39
Service in mosque, 12
Seville orange, 161, 167
Shaạbán (eighth month of the Muslim year), 8
Sháfi´ee, Esh-, (the founder of the Sháfi´ee sect), 19
Sháfi´ees (sect), 1, 19, 20
Sháh El-Karmánee (saint), 54
Shaḳáïḳ (anemone), 166, _n._
Sharáb (wine: now sherbet), 131
Sharaïbee, mosque of Esh-, 68
Shaving the head, 191
Sheba, Queen of, 81
Shell-fish, forbidden, 141
Sherbet of violets, 165
Sheyṭán (devil), 25 ff.
Sheyṭánee or Satanic magic, 82-93
Shiháb (shooting-star), 33
Shiḳḳ (species of Jinn), 45
Shiya´ees (heretic sect), 1
Shoes, 146
Shooting-stars, 85
Shroud, 259
Shurraábeh (tassel), 131
Sidr (lote), 161, _n._
Sieve, for infants, 187
Signature by ring, 128
Signet, 128
Signs, secret, 132
---- language by, 129-133
Sijdeh, Soorat es- (32nd chapter of Ḳur-án), 134
Sijistán (province of Persia), 144
Sijjeen (dungeon under Devil's jaw), 264
Simát (platform), 140
Sin of cities in Europe, 243
Singers, female, 177
Ṣiyám (fasting), 14
Slaughter of beasts, 15
Slavery, 250-257
Slaves, accomplishments of, 253
---- murder of, 251
---- offspring of, 250
---- treatment of, 253-255
Slave-girls, price of, 256
Smokeless fire, 27, 28
Soạdà (a Bedaweeyeh), 211
Social system, Mohammadan, 240-248
Solomon, 29, 81, 93, 139
Son, duty of a, 194
Songs, 179
Soodán (country of the Blacks), 102
Sooḳ (market street), 177
Soorah (= chapter of the Ḳur-án), 24
Soorat en-Noor (24th chapter of Ḳur-án), 204
Soorat es-Sijdeh (32nd chapter of the Ḳur-án), 134
Soorat Yá-Seen (36th chapter of the Ḳur-án), 24, 134
Soorat Yoosuf (12th chapter of the Ḳur-án), 204
Soosan (lily), 167, _n._
Sorcery, 80-96
Sortes Koranicae, 81
Sóṭ (son of Satan), 33
Soul, 262-265
Spear, 183
Spells, 84
Spheres of Heaven, 97, _n._
Spinning, 238, 239
Spirits, 25-46
Spirits of dead, 263-266
Spiritual magic, 81-93
Sport, 183-185
Stages of Hell, 108
---- of Paradise, 99
Star, shooting, 33
State after death, 263-266
Stealing, 17, 20
Stelae, 262
Stoning to death, 17
Story-tellers, 24
Straining wine, 157
Street of the Menárehs, 123
Subterranean cosmography, 105-108
Suckling, 193
Suflee or low magic, 81
Sugar-cane, 161
Sugarloaf hat, 169
Sukkar nebát (sugar-candy), 131
Suleymán (Solomon), 29, 39, 40, 81, 93
----, son of Aboo-Jaạfar, 210
Sumbul the slave-dealer, 256
Sunnees (orthodox party), 1
Sunneh (Traditions of the Prophet), 19:
and see index of authors under _Mishkát_.
Supernatural appearance, 59
Superstitions, 25-46
Surnames, 189, 190
Sweat of the Prophet, 164
Sweetmeat mountains, 140
Sword, 183
---- at prayers, 13
Swine's flesh, 15
Sycamore-fig, 161
Table, 135, 136, 140
Ṭáif, Eṭ-, (near Mekkeh), 110
Ṭalsam (talisman), 38, 39, 84, _n._
Tambourine, 205, 258
Ṭanṭà Festival, 72
Ṭanṭáwee, Eṭ-, Sheykh, 88, 238
Táoos (Peacock: surname of Satan), 31
Tár (tambourine), 205
Ṭarboosh (skull cap), 218, _n._
Tattooing, 38, _n._
Teen (fig), 161, _n._
Teer (son of Satan), 33
Tefául, Et-, (augury), 87
Temer el-ḥennà (privet), 165, _n._
Terrae incognitae, 102
Theft, 17, 20
Throne of the Compassionate, 99
---- of Iblees, 102
---- verse, 198
Thureiyà (cluster of lamps), 87
Thyme, wild, 167
Tides caused by Bull Kuyootà, 107
Tiffáḥ (apple), 161, _n._
Tihámeh (in Western Arabia), 44
Tiles, 145
Tobacco, 150
Ṭóḳ (collar), 117
Tomb, 262
---- of saints, 69
---- visits to, 23, 69-71
Ṭoosee, Et-, (theologian), 73
Toot (mulberry), 161, _n._
Topers, royal, 152
Towwáb (propitious), 133
Trade, learning a, 199
Trades, 235, 236
Tramp, Last, 26, 262
Tuffáḥ (apple), 161
Tuition, 202
Turunj (lemon), 161, _n._
Uḳḥowán (chamomile), 167, _n._
´Ulamà (sheykhs or doctors of the law), 64
´Ulamà's dictum on saints, 64
Umm-´Amr and her ass, 213
Umm-Khárijeh, 224
Universe, Arab notions of, 97-108
Unveiling the bride, 237
Usury, 17
Utrujj (lemon), 161, _n._
Vault, 262
Veil, 111, 225, _n._
---- disuse of, 177
---- of Heaven, 99
Vendetta, 19, 110
Verse, 203
Vessel for wine, 158
Viol, 178
Violet, 165
---- sherbet, 165
Virtues, 15, 16, 220
Visits to the tombs, 23, 69, 263
Vulgarisms, 113
Wahhábee women, 225, _n._
Wailing, 258, 262
Wa-lláhi-l-´Aẓeem! (By God the Great!), 16, _n._
Walls, 147
Walnut, 161
Ward (rose), 161-165
Warning of death, 88
Washing, 11
---- before meals, 136
---- the dead, 258
Water-bottles, 188, _n._
Water-melon, 159, 160
Waterspout spirits, 37
Weapons, 183
Weaving, 205, 238
Wedding ceremonies, 232-238
---- propitious months for, 230
Weleed, El-, (Khaleefeh, A.D. 705-715), 112, 118
Welees (saints), 47-79
Weleeyeh (female saint), 66
Well of Bábil, 83
---- spirits, 37
Weshm (tattooing), 38, _n._
Whirlwind spirits, 36
White coffee (brandy), 154
Wickedness of women, 219
Widows, objections to, 228
Wife, advice of, 219
---- choice of, 224
---- duties of, 238, 239
---- fellow-, 245, _n._
---- of the Jinn, 36
---- qualifications of, 227-229
Wiláyeh (saintship), 57, 62
Willow (oriental), 167
Windows, 147
Wine, 15, 148-159
----, Book of, 151
Witnesses to a marriage, 229
Wives, 207-248
---- love between two, 246-248
Wives, plurality of, 222, 223
Women, 207-248
---- in Hell, 219
---- position of, 240-248
---- wickedness of, 219
World, Arab notions of, 97-108
Wuḍoo (ablution), 11
Yaạḳoob Eṣ-Ṣaffáree, 144
Yájooj and Májooj, 101, 102, 104
Yásameen (jasmine), 167, _n._
Yá-Seen (=Y. S.; title of 36th chapter of Ḳur-án), 24
Yemen, El-, (South Arabia), 44, 45
Yezeed (Khaleefeh, A.D. 720-724), 208-210
Yóm es-Subooạ (7th day after birth), 187-189
Yoonus (Jonas), 92
Yoosuf (Joseph), 92, 204
----, the Prophet of the Jinn, 29
Yoosuf Bey, 95
Zaạfarán (crocus or saffron), 167, _n._
Zacharias, 93
Ẓáhir, romance of Eẓ-, 127
Zahr or Zahr-Nárinj (Seville orange-flower), 167, _n._
Zebeeb (raisin wine), 149
Zekáh (alms), 14
Zekeriyà (Zacharias), 93
Zeleekhá, 248
---- (Potiphar's wife), 204
Zelemboor (son of Satan), 33
Zemzem, will of, 264
Zeyn el-´Ábideen, 255
Zeytoon (olive), 161, _n._
Zijr, Ez-, (auguration), 86
Zikkeers (performances of a zikr), 73
Zikr (Darweesh performance), 73-77, 201, 233
Zinj, Ez-, (S. Ethiopia), 102
Zodiacal signs in horoscopes, 238
Ẓulumát, Eẓ-, (Dark Regions), 103.
_See_ Baḥr.
AUTHORS AND WORKS QUOTED.
(_Authors' names are in small capitals; titles of books in
italics. The figures refer to the pages of the present work._)
´ABD-EL-LAṬEEF († 1231), _Historiae Aegypti Compendium_.
Ed. White. 138.
_Account of the Manners and Customs of the Modern Egyptians_.
See LANE.
_´Ajáïb el-Makhlooḳát_. See ḲAZWEENEE.
_Alcoran_. See _Ḳur-án_, JELÁLEYN, LANE, LANE-POOLE,
MARRACCI, SALE.
ANṢÁREE, EL-. See KHAZREJEE.
_Arabic-English Lexicon_. See LANE.
_Arabes avant l'Islamisme_. See FRESNEL.
BURCKHARDT, _Notes on the Bedouins and Wahábys_. 144, 185.
_Chrestomathie Arabe_. See SACY.
_Commentary on the Ḳur-án_. See JELÁLEYN.
_Egyptians, the Modern_. See LANE.
FEYROOZÁBÁDEE, EL-, _Ḳámoos_. 263.
FORSKÁL, _Descriptiones Animalium_. 167.
FRESNEL, F., _Lettres sur l'Histoire des Arabes avant
l'Islamisme_. 111.
_Ḥalbet el-Kumeyt_. See EN-NOWWÁJEE.
_History of Egypt_. See JABARTEE, ISḤÁḲEE,
´ABD-EL-LAṬEEF, SUYOOṬEE.
_Ḥusn el-Moḥáḍarah_. See SUYOOṬEE.
_Insán el-Kámil, El-_. See JEELEE.
ISḤÁḲEE, EL-. 4, 48, 73, 87, 93, 105, 107, 112-114, 134,
206, 216.
JABARTEE, EL-. _History of Modern Egypt_. MS. 50, 64, 65, 69,
95, 236, 249, 256.
JÁHIZ, EL-. 42.
JARA´EE, EL-. _Shir´at el-Islám_. 220.
JEELEE, ´ABD-EL-KEREEM, EL- († 1365). _El-Insán El-Kámil_
(apud El-Isḥáḳee). 4.
JELÁLEYN, EL-. _Commentary on the Ḳur-án_. 28, 81.
JÓHEREE, EL-, _Ṣiḥáḥ_. 27.
JOWZEE, IBN-EL-, († 1256), _Mir-át ez-Zemán_. MS. 27-34,
43-45, 48, 52-54, 85, 87, 104, 105, 123, 158, 173, 201, 224.
_Ḳámoos_. See FEYROOZÁBÁDEE.
ḲAZWEENEE, EL-, († 1283), _Kitáb ´Ajáïb-el-Makhlooḳát_.
MS. 28, 33, 38, 42-45, 83, 104, 160, 263.
KHALDOON, IBN-, († 1406). 116.
KHAZREJEE, EL-, ABD-ER-RAḤMÁN EL-ANSÁREE. _Murshid ez-Zuwár
ilà Kuboor el-Abrár_. MS. 271.
_Khiṭaṭ_. See MAḲREEZEE.
_Kitáb el-´Onwán fee Mekáïd en-Niswán_. MS. 210, 213, 216, 220.
_Ḳur-án_, quotations from:--
CHAP. VERSE. PAGE.
ii. 20 100
ii. 22 105
ii. 96 83
ii. 216 184
iv. 26, 27 226
iv. 46 155
v. 27 133
v. 35 9
v. 65 27
v. 92 155
vii. 11 32
xiii. 3 100
xiii. 29 4
xiv. 49 108
xv. 27 28
xviii. 48 30
xxiii. 117 195
xxvii. 10 28
xxvii. 16 133
xxvii. 17 40
xxvii. 40 81
xxviii. 19 132
xxviii. 31 28
xxviii. 35 40
xxxviii. 77 32
xxxix. 67 108
lv. 14 27
lv. 39, 74 28
lxvi. 6 105
lxxi. 18 100
lxxii. 6 38
lxxviii. 6 100
lxxxix. 24 108
_Ḳur-án, Selections from_. See LANE.
LANE, E. W.,
_Manners and Customs of the Modern Egyptians_. 8, 12, 37, 39,
41, 49, 76, 86, 189, 200, 205, 219, 239, 245, 255, 261.
_Arabic-English Lexicon_. 224.
_Selections from the Ḳur-án_. 103, 109, 243.
LANE-POOLE, STANLEY,
_Speeches and Table-talk of the Prophet Moḥammad_. 6, 15, 18.
_Introduction to_ LANE'S _Selections from the Ḳur-án_. 109.
MAḲREEZEE, EL-, († 1441), _Khiṭaṭ_. MS. 100, 101,
117, 118, 141, 206, 217.
MALCOLM, SIR J., _Sketches in Persia_. 183.
MARRACCI, _Alcoranus_. 133.
_Mir-át ez-Zemán_. See JOWZEE.
_Mishkát el-Maṣábeeḥ_. 6, 7, 34, 84-86, 88, 98, 109, 143,
149, 168, 191, 221, 228, 229, 233, 235, 242, 255, 257, 258.
MOḤAMMAD, _Speeches and Table-talk of_. See LANE-POOLE.
_Murshid ez-Zuwár_, etc. See KHAZREJEE.
NOWWÁJEE, EN-, SHEMS-ED-DEEN MOḤAMMAD († 1454), _Ḥalbet
El-Kumeyt_. MS. 116, 120, 126, 131, 156-158, 162-164, 166-169,
171, 172, 176.
_Nuzhet el-Mutaämmil wa-Murshid el-Mutaähhil_. See SUYOOṬEE.
OHSSON, D'. 48.
PRICE, D., _Retrospect of Mohammadan History_. 145.
SACY, S. DE., _Christomathie Arabe_, second edition. 73, 115,
149, 157.
SALE, _The Koran_. 37, 263.
SHIḤNEH, IBN-ESH-. 92, 106, 217.
_Shir´at el-Islám_. See JARA´EE.
_Ṣiḥáḥ_. See JÓHEREE.
_Spirit of the East_. See URQUHART.
SUYOOṬEE, ES- († 1505),
_Nuzhet el-Mutaämmil wa-Murshid el-Mutaähhil_. MS. 7, 38, 55,
178, 183, 186, 190-193, 198, 199, 204, 220-223, 228, 229,
232, 233, 235, 237, 239, 255.
_Ḥusn el-Moḥáḍarah_. MS. 159-162, 164-167.
URQUHART, D., _Spirit of the East_. 208, 241, 244.
WARDEE, IBN-EL-, († 1348), _Khareedet El-´Ajáïb_. MS. 44, 46,
98, 101, 103-105, 107.
ERRATUM.
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