HOW TO DESCRIBE AN OLD CHURCH.
Having carefully read the foregoing chapters, it should be possible for
anyone interested in the subject to be able to write a fairly accurate
description of any old church. The record should, if possible, be
amplified with sketches or photographs.
In course of time, decay, neglect and restoration will deprive our
ancient buildings of every visible stone of original work which they
possess, and careful records of this kind, written, photographed and
sketched, may be of the highest possible value to future generations of
historians and architects, long after the objects themselves have ceased
to exist. The work in itself is of absorbing interest, and the more one
studies these works of past ages the stronger becomes the conviction
that our old buildings, whether cathedral, castle or simple village
church, are the landmarks of the nation's history, and a priceless
inheritance of beauty and art the conservation of which is the duty of
all generations.
The principal points to be noted are--1. The name of the church. 2. Its
situation. 3. Its dedication. 4. General plan. 5. The style of
architecture to which each portion belongs. 6. Any peculiarity of the
architecture, blocked up windows, etc. 7. Any ancient furniture,
screens, bench-ends, glass. 8. Any monuments, tablets, or mural
paintings. 9. Church plate, bells, registers. 10. Any local traditions.
The record should be made somewhat in the following manner.
The church of ---- is prettily situated on rising ground some quarter of
a mile north of the village, and on the main road to ---- . It is
approached by a picturesque timber lych-gate, and consists of nave,
aisles and chancel, having a side chapel to the north and a single
transept to the south. At the west end is a Decorated tower and spire.
There are two porches, one on the north side and the other on the west,
which last has a niche for a figure over the doorway and seats on either
side. The nave is Perpendicular, as is the greater part of the rest of
the fabric. Above the nave rises a lofty and noble clerestory, divided
from the aisles by five rather obtusely-pointed arches supported by
richly moulded piers with small moulded capitals. Each bay of the
clerestory contains two three-light windows of late Perpendicular date.
The roof is flat pitched and is of oak, the principals are adorned with
panelled tracery and show vestiges of ancient colour decoration. The
windows of the aisles are late Decorated in style; they are of three
lights, the traceries elegant and richly moulded. The east window is
Perpendicular and is much sub-divided by mullions and transoms; in the
upper portions are some heraldic coats of arms, which appear to have
formed part of a much earlier window. The chancel is divided from the
nave by a fine open oak screen, coeval with the larger part of the
building. It is richly carved and gilded, and in the right-hand side of
the chancel arch are the steps which formerly led up to the top of it.
The chancel, together with its chapel, is vaulted in stone with well
marked ribs and carved bosses. The transept, late Perpendicular, opens
into the south side of the nave by a four-centred arch, and has a
rich flat ceiling. In the chancel is a piscina of Early English date,
together with a sedilia of the same period. On the north side of the
chancel, resting on the floor, is a cross-legged effigy, in chain mail,
surcoat, etc., and bearing on his left arm a shield, but all much
mutilated. There is a local tradition that it represents Sir ----, but
there is no evidence by which he can be identified. Features of the
church are the many highly carved bench ends, all in oak, representing a
great variety of subjects, such as dragons, serpents, etc., while a few
bear the arms of local families who probably bore the cost of the work.
The pulpit is Jacobean, and has no special feature. The font, which
stands in the centre of the nave, is square in form and is supported by
a modern round plinth. It is constructed of marble, the four sides being
carved in low relief with intersecting patterns. It is possibly of
Norman date, and is the only existing feature of a much earlier church.
The tower and spire are Decorated; the latter is of stone with four
pinnacles at the base, and has a little coronal of pinnacles. The belfry
windows are arranged in pairs on each side of the tower. The tower or
western window is of five lights, richly Decorated in style.
Illustration:
KEY TO DIAGRAM OF THE INTERIOR ELEVATION OF A BAY OF A CHURCH.
CLERESTORY.
26 Boss.
25 Vaulting Rib.
24 Vault.
23 Vaulting Rib.
22 Tracery of C. Window.
21 Clerestory Window.
20 Sill of Clerestory Window.
19 Base of Jamb, C. Arch.
18 Jamb of C. Arch.
17 Clerestory String.
BLIND STOREY (TRIFORIUM).
16 Capital of Vaulting Shaft.
15 Tracery of Triforium.
14 Triforium Arch.
13 Capital of T. Pier.
12 Pier of Triforium.
11 Triforium String.
GROUND STOREY.
10 Tracery of Aisle Window.
9 Aisle Window.
8 Sill of Aisle Window.
7 Wall Arcade.
6 Vaulting Shaft.
5 Corbel.
4 Pier Arch.
3 Capital of Pier.
2 Pier.
1 Base of Pier.
FOOTNOTES.
1: So called from its "flame"-like appearance, producing forms which
resemble elongated tongues of flame. There is great beauty in much of
this work, but it is constructionally weak. The finest example is
Chartres Cathedral.
APPENDIX.
A GLOSSARY OF THE PRINCIPAL TERMS USED IN ECCLESIASTICAL ARCHITECTURE.
ABACUS Derived from the Greek _Abax_--a tray or flat board, an
essential feature of the Grecian and Roman orders, but
now used to describe the slab forming the upper part of
a column, pier, etc.
ABBEY A term for a union of ecclesiastical buildings, for the
housing of those conventual bodies presided over by an
abbot or abbess, supposed to be derived from the Hebrew
_ab_, "father."
ACANTHUS A plant, the leaves of which are represented in the
capitals of the Corinthian orders.
AISLE French _aile_, a wing, the lateral division of a church.
ALMONRY A room where alms were distributed.
ALTAR An elevated table dedicated to the Sacrament of the Holy
Eucharist, and usually called the Communion Table.
ALMERY, AUMERY,
and AUMBREY A recess or small cupboard in the wall of a church, used
to contain the chalices, patens, etc., for the use of
the priest. They are sometimes near the _piscina_, but
are usually on the opposite side of the chancel.
ANTE-CHAPEL The outer part of a chapel.
APSE The semi-circular or polygonal recess at the east end of
the choir or aisles of a church.
ARCADE A series of arches, open or closed with masonry, and
supported by columns or piers.
ARCH A construction of bricks or stones so placed as by
mutual pressure to support each other and a
superincumbent weight. They may be semi-circular,
segmental, elliptical, stilted, horse-shoe, pointed,
trefoiled, cinquefoiled, or ogee.
ARCHITRAVE In classical architecture, the lowest division of the
entablature resting immediately on the abacus of the
capital. In Gothic buildings the ornamental mouldings
round the openings of doors, windows, etc.
ARCHIVOLT The under surface of the curve of an arch, from impost
to impost.
ASHLAR Shaped or squared stone used in building, as
distinguished from that in the rough.
ASTRAGAL A small semi-circular bead or moulding.
BALL FLOWER An ornament resembling a ball in a circular flower
with three enclosing petals. Dec.
BASE The lower member of a column, pier, or wall.
BASILICA A Roman law-court. Early Christian churches when
built on the same lines were called by the same name.
BILLET An ornament much used in Norman work and formed by
cutting a moulding in notches, so that the remaining
parts resembled wooden billets or pieces of stick.
BLIND STOREY See Triforium.
BOSSES Ornamental projections usually of foliage and placed
at the intersection of the ribs of vaults, ceilings,
etc.
BRACES Timbers which brace or support the main rafters. Also
called _struts_.
BROACH A spire, generally octagonal and springing from the
square top of the tower, without a parapet. (_See
page 105_).
BUTTRESS A projection from a wall, giving it additional strength.
CANOPY In Gothic architecture an ornamental hood or projection
over doors, windows, niches, tombs, etc., and rarely
found except in the Dec. and Perp. styles.
CAPITAL The head of a column or pilaster, found in a great
variety of shapes.
CATHEDRAL A church presided over by a Bishop. The principal
church of a diocese.
CHALICE The cup used for the wine at the celebration of the
Eucharist.
CHAMFER The surface formed by cutting away the rectangular edge
of wood or stone work.
CHANCEL The choir or eastern part of a church, appropriated to
the use of those who officiate in the performance of
the services.
CHANTRY A chapel often containing a tomb of the founder, and
in which masses were said.
CHAPEL A small building attached to cathedrals and large
churches.
CHAPTER-HOUSE The room where the Dean and Prebendaries meet for the
transaction of business.
CHEVRON An ornament characteristic of the Norman period and
divided into several equal portions chevron-wise or
zig-zag.
CHOIR That part of a church to the east of the nave where the
services are celebrated, also called chancel, and
frequently separated from the nave by an open screen of
stone or wood.
CINQUEFOIL An ornamental foliation used in arches, tracery, etc.,
and composed of projecting points or cusps, so arranged
that the opening resembles five leaves.
CLERESTORY Possibly the _clear_ storey. An upper storey standing
above or clear of the adjacent roofs, and pierced by
windows to give increased light.
CLOISTER A covered walk or ambulatory forming part of a
cathedral or college quadrangle.
CLUSTERED
COLUMN A pier made up of several columns or shafts in a cluster.
COLONNADE A row or rows of columns supporting a roof or building.
CORBEL Usually a moulded or carved ornament projecting from the
walls, acting as a bracket and capable of bearing a
super-incumbent weight.
CORNICE The horizontal termination of a building in the form of
a moulded projection.
COURSE A continuous and regular line of stones or bricks in the
wall of a building.
CROCKETS Projecting ornaments in the form of leaves, flowers,
etc., used to embellish the angles of pinnacles,
spires, gables, canopies, etc.
CROSS The accepted symbol of the Christian religion and an
architectural church ornament usually placed upon the
apex of the gable. A large cross called a rood was at one
time always placed over the entrance to the chancel. The
cross was worn as a personal ornament ages before the
Christian era by the Assyrians, and we are told that the
Druids also used this symbol in very early times.
CRYPT Sometimes called the Undercroft, a vaulted chamber,
usually underground and, in churches, rarely extending
beyond the area of the choir or chancel, and often of
less dimensions.
CUSPS Projecting points giving the foliated appearance to
tracery, arches, panels, etc.
DORMER A gabled window pierced through a sloping roof.
DRIPSTONE A projecting ledge or narrow moulding over the heads of
doorways, windows, etc., to carry off the rain.
FAN-TRACERY Tracery in which the ribs form a fan-like appearance and
diverge equally in every direction. (Peculiar to the
late Perp.)
FLAMBOYANT Tracery whereof the curves assume flame-like waves and
shapes.
FLYING
BUTTRESS A buttress in the form of a bridge, usually transferring
the thrust of the main roof from the clerestory walls to
the main or aisle buttresses.
FONT The vessel for holding the consecrated water used in
baptism.
GARGOYLE A projecting spout usually grotesquely carved and used
to throw the water from the roof well away from the
building.
GROIN The line of intersection in vaulted roofs.
IMPOST Horizontal mouldings, capping a column or pier, from
which the arch springs.
JAMB The side of a window or door.
KEYSTONE The central stone at the top of an arch. The bosses
in vaulted ceilings are frequently called keys.
LADY CHAPEL A chapel dedicated to the Blessed Virgin Mary,
called "Our Lady."
LANTERN A small structure or erection surmounting a dome or
tower to admit light. These towers are known as Lantern
Towers.
LOZENGE A name given in modern times to Norman mouldings which
partake of a lozenge formation.
LYCH-GATE From the Anglo-Saxon _lich_, a corpse. A small and
often picturesque shelter at the entrance to a
churchyard.
MINSTER The church usually of a monastery or abbey or one to
which such has been an appendant. York and Beverley,
however, are exceptions to this rule.
MISERERE A small bracket on the undersides of the seats of
stalls.
MOULDING A term generally applied to the contours given to angle
projections or hollows of arches, doors, windows, etc.
MULLION The dividing bars of stone or wood between the lights
of windows, or the openings of screens.
MÜNSTER has now lost its simple application.
(MONASTERY)
NAVE From _navis_, a ship, the main body of a church west
of the chancel.
NICHE An alcove or recess in a wall for holding a statue or
ornament.
OGEE A moulding or arch formed of a curve or curves somewhat
like the letter S, the curve of contra-flexure, part
being concave and part convex.
ORDERS In Gothic architecture, the receding mouldings of an
arch.
PARCLOSE The screen or railings protecting a monument or chantry.
PARVISE An open space or porch at the entrance to a church, and
often wrongly applied to the room over a church porch.
PATEN The small plate or salver used to hold the Consecrated
Bread in the celebration of the Eucharist.
PENDANT Ornaments which hang or _depend_ from a ceiling or roof.
PENTHOUSE A covering projecting over a door, window, etc., as a
protection from the weather.
PIER The masses or clusters of masonry between doors, windows,
etc.; the supports from which arches spring.
PILLAR A term frequently confounded with column, but differing
from it in not being subservient to the rules of
classical architecture, and in not of necessity
consisting of a single circular shaft.
PINNACLE A small turreted ornament tapering towards the top,
and used as a termination to many parts of Gothic
architecture.
PISCINA The stone basin or sink in the chancel used for
cleansing the communion vessels.
PLINTH The lower division of the base of a column, pier or wall.
POPPY-HEAD An ornament boldly carved on the tops of bench ends, etc.
PRESBYTERY A term sometimes used to include the whole of the choir,
but more often meant to refer to the eastern end of the
choir from which it is generally raised by several steps.
QUARRIES or
QUARRELS The small diamond, square or other the shaped panes used
in plain glazing.
QUATREFOIL The shape resembling four leaves formed in tracery or
panels by cusps.
QUOIN The external angle of a building, generally of ashlar.
REREDOS The wall or screen at the back of an altar, often
enriched with carving, niches, statues, etc.
ROOD-BEAM or
ROOD-LOFT The loft or beam which, previous to the Reformation,
supported the Great Rood, or Crucifix.
ROSE WINDOW A term often used to denote a circular window of
several lights.
ROTUNDA A term used to describe a church or other building
which is of circular formation both within and without.
SACRISTRY A room used in churches for storing the plate and
valuables.
SANCTUARY See Presbytery.
SEDILIA A seat or seats, generally canopied and situated on the
south side of the chancel and used in pre-Reformation
days by the officiating clergy during the pauses in the
mass.
SHAFT The part of a column or pillar between the capital and
the base.
SHRINE Often called the feretory. The place where relics were
deposited.
SOFFIT The word means literally a ceiling, but is generally
used to describe the flat under-surface of arches,
cornices, stairways, etc.
SPANDRELS The spaces between the arch of a doorway or window and
the rectangular mouldings over it. Early tracery
originated from the piercing of the spandrels of windows.
SPIRE The acutely pointed termination of towers, etc.,
originating by the elongation of the early pyramidal
roofs.
SPLAY The slanting or sloped surface of a window opening in the
thickness of the wall, also of doorways, etc.; the term
is also applied to bevels and other sloped surfaces.
SPRINGER See Voussoir.
SQUINT An oblique opening or slit in the wall of a church, for
the purpose of enabling persons in the aisles or
transepts to see the elevation of the Host at the High
Altar. They are mostly found on the sides of the chancel
arch, and are frequently called _hagioscopes_.
STOUP A vessel for consecrated water, at or near the entrance
to a church.
STRING or
STRING COURSE. A horizontal projecting band of stone in the wall of a
building.
STRUT See Brace.
TOOTH
ORNAMENT An ornament used almost exclusively in the E.E. style,
resembling a square four-leaved flower, and thought to
be based on the dog-tooth violet.
TRANSOM A horizontal cross-bar in a panel or window.
TRACERY The ornamental stonework in the upper part of a window;
when formed by the mullions it is called bar tracery
and when the spandrel is pierced, plate tracery. Also
used largely on tombs, screens, doorways, etc.
TRANSEPTS The projecting arms of a cruciform church, often wrongly
called "cross-aisles."
TRANSITION A term used to describe the process of change from one
style of architecture to another. The three great periods
of transition are from the Romanesque and Norman to the
Early English; the Early English to the Decorated, and
the Decorated to the Perpendicular.
TREFOIL An ornamental foliation in the heads of windows, panels,
etc., in which the spaces formed by the cusps resemble
three leaves.
TRIFORIUM or Blind-Storey. An open gallery or arcade without
windows immediately above the pier arcade and under the
roof of the aisle.
TYMPANUM The space between the top of a square-headed door and the
arch above it; frequently sculptured.
VAULT Roofing of stone constructed on the principle of the
arch, the intersections of which are termed groins and
are in the pointed styles usually ribbed.
VAULTING
SHAFTS Small shafts sometimes rising from the floor, sometimes
from the capital of a pillar and sometimes from a corbel,
and intended as supports for the ribs of a vault.
VESICA PISCIS An oval shape or figure formed by two equal circles
cutting each other in their centres. Very commonly found
on episcopal and monastic seals.
VOUSSOIR The wedge-shaped stones forming an arch, the centre one
of which is the _keystone_ and those at the impost or
starting point of the curve are the _springers_.
ZIG-ZAG See Chevron.
A SHORT BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ENGLISH ECCLESIASTICAL ARCHITECTURE.
Adeline, J. Art Dictionary of Terms.
Bland, W. Arches, Piers, Buttresses, etc.
Blomfield, R. Short History of Renaissance Architecture.
Bond, Francis English Cathedrals Illustrated.
Bond, Francis Gothic Architecture in England.
Bonney, T. G. Cathedrals, Abbeys, and Churches of England and Wales.
Carter, J. The Ancient Architecture of England.
Colling, J. K. Details of Gothic Architecture.
Corroyer, E. Gothic Architecture.
Cram, R. Adams Church Building.
Davidson, E. A. Gothic Stonework.
Fergusson, J. Handbook of Architecture.
Fergusson, J. History of Architecture.
Fairbairns, A. Portfolio of English Cathedrals.
Garbett, E. L. Principles of Design in Architecture.
Markland, J. H. Remarks on Churches.
Moore, C. H. Development and Character of Gothic Architecture.
Paley, F. A. Manual of Gothic Architecture.
Paley, F. A. Manual of Gothic Mouldings.
Parker, J. H. A.B.C. of Gothic Architecture.
Parker, J. H. Concise Glossary of Architecture.
Parker, J. H. Introduction to the Study of Gothic Architecture.
Perkins, Rev. T. Handbook of Gothic Architecture.
Prior, Ed. S. History of Gothic Art.
Pugin, A. W. Treatise on Chancel Screens and Rood Lofts.
Rickman, Thos. Gothic Architecture.
Rickman, Thos. Attempts to discriminate the Styles of Architecture
in England.
Sharpe, Edmund The Seven Periods of English Architecture.
Sharpe, Edmund Treatise on the Rise and Progress of Window Tracery.
Scott, G. History of Church Architecture.
Ruskin, John Seven Lamps of Architecture.
Ruskin, John Stones of Venice.
Ruskin, John Poetry of Architecture.
Ruskin, John Lectures on Architecture.
Wall, J. C. Shrines of British Saints.
Winkle British Cathedrals.
Wilson, S. Romance of our Ancient Churches.
Bell's Cathedral Series.
"The Builder" Portfolio of English Cathedrals.
Murray's Handbooks to the Cathedrals.
S.P.C.K. Illustrated Notes on English Church History.
Swan, Sonnenschein & Co. Notes on the Cathedrals.
"Our English Minsters." Edited by Dean Farrar.
This bibliography does not claim to be complete, but is a selection of
the various books on the subject which should be studied by the student.
Index
All Souls' College, Oxford, 76
Altars, 80
Alveston Church, Warwickshire, 41
Amiens Cathedral, 57
Anne, Queen, 76
Apse, The, 27
Arches--
Saxon, 35
Norman, 37
Early English, 49
Decorated, 62
Perpendicular, 66
Ashchurch, Gloucestershire, 106
Baptistery, The, 84
Barfreston Church, Kent, 39, 41
Barnack Church, Northants 32, 33, 34, 101
Barnstaple, Devon, 98
Barnwell, 92
Barry, Sir C., 78, 79
Basilica, The, 26
Bayeux Tapestry, 41, 103
Beaulieu, Hants, 90
Beckett's Crown, Canterbury, 106
Bede (quoted), 21, 23, 96
Bells and Belfries, 95
Bench Ends, 89
Bertha, Queen, 23
Beverley Minster, 109
Billesley Church, Warwickshire, 78
Bishopstone, Sussex, 32
Bloxham Church, 101
Boston, Lincs, 72
Bovey Church, 92
Bradford-on-Avon, 32
Brewer, J. W. (quoted), 28
Brighton Pavilion, 78
Brigstock Church, Northants, 97
Bristol Cathedral, 70
British Churches, Early, 19
Brixworth Church, 28, 32, 33, 97
Broadmayne Church, 86
Bruton, Som., 97
Burne-Jones, Sir E., 107
Bury St. Edmunds, 82
Buttresses--
Norman, 43
Early English, 84
Decorated, 62
Perpendicular, 70
Byzantium, 27
Canterbury Cathedral, 43, 94, 101, 104, 110
Capitals--
Norman, 42
Early English, 54
Decorated, 60
Perpendicular, 69
Caradoc, King, 19
Carlisle Cathedral, 60, 106
Charles II., 76
Charlton-on-Otmoor, 92
Charlton Church, Kent, 106
Chartres Cathedral, 101
Chetwode, Bucks, 106
Chichester Cathedral, 97
Chipping Norton, Oxford, 81
Christchurch Priory, 88, 94, 107, 110
Christ Church, Spitalfields, 76
Chudleigh Church, Devon, 92
Church Furniture and Ornaments, 80
Cirencester Church, Glos., 70
Classic Reverse, The, 70
Clerkenwell, 44
Collumpton, Devon, 92
Compton Church, 94
Constantine, Emperor, 27
Constantinople, 27
Cranley, Surrey, 106
Crawden's Chapel, 58
Croyland Abbey, 96
Crypts, 109
Curfew, 96
Decorated Style, The, 57
Doisnel, Juliana, 44
Dolton Church, 84
Doorways--
Saxon, 30, 32
Norman, 39
Early English, 54
Decorated, 62
Perpendicular, 69
Dorchester Church, Oxford, 107
Dore Abbey, 81
Dunstable, 92
Dunster Church, 81, 92
Durham Cathedral, 43, 73, 82, 94, 112
Earl's Barton Church, 32, 33
Early English Style, The, 47
East Dereham, 97
Edburton Church, 84
Edington Church, Wilts, 72
Edington, Bp. William, 72
Edmund, Archbp. of Cant., 84
Edward I., 49
Edward III., 84
Elizabeth, Queen, 81, 110
Eltham Palace, 73
Ely Cathedral, 29, 43, 57
Ely Chapel, 60
Ethelbert, King of Kent, 23
Euston, Oxford, 94
Evesham Abbey, 73, 97
Exeter Cathedral, 89
Fairford Church, Glos., 107
Fan Vaulting, 69
Fergusson, Dr. (quoted), 75
Flying Buttresses, 56
Fonts, 84
Fordington S. George, Dorchester, 41
Fotheringay Church, Northants, 73
Fountains Abbey, 47
Fuller, Thos. (quoted), 19
Furness Abbey, 87
Furniture, Church, 80
Glass, Stained, 104
Glastonbury Abbey, 19, 97
Glossary, 115
Gloucester Cathedral, 43, 73, 94, 106, 110
Gothic Architecture, Leading Characteristics, 63
Gothic Styles, The, 47
Grantham, 101
Greenstead Church, Essex, 32, 34, 35
Grosmont, Monmouth, 81
Hackness, 96
Hanwell, Oxford, 94
Hartland Church, 92
Hawkesmore, 76
Heckington, 86, 101
Heigham, 72
Henry I., 44
Henry II., 49
Henry III., 44, 48, 49
Hereford Cathedral, 57, 110
Hexham, 82, 109
Hutchinson, Rev. J. M. (quoted), 49
Iffley Church, Oxford, 39
Jenkyns, Canon (quoted), 25
John, King, 44, 48, 49
Jones, Inigo, 75, 78
Kemsing, Kent, 92
Kenton Church, Devon, 90, 92
King's College Chapel, Cambridge, 107
King's Sutton, 101
Knights Hospitallers, 44
Knights Templars, 43
Lady Chapel, Exeter, 60
Langham Place, 78
Lastingham Church, York, 110
Laud, Archbishop, 16
Ledbury, Hereford, 103
Leighton Buzzard, 101
Lichfield, Abbot, 97
Lichfield, Cathedral, 57, 101
Lincoln Cathedral, 43, 52, 57, 63, 81, 106
Little Billing, 84
Little Maplestead, 44
Llanrhaiadr-y-Kinmerch, 107
Luidhard, Bishop, 23
Long Melford Church, Suffolk, 73
Long Sutton, 92
Luton Church, 58
Lyminge, 25
Magdalen College, Oxford, 90
Malmesbury (family), 110
Manchester Cathedral, 73, 88
Markland (quoted), 97
Mary, Queen, 81, 92
Marylebone Church, 78
Melbury Bubb, 84
Merton College, Oxford, 58, 60, 106
Minehead, 92
Morley Church, Derbyshire, 107
Morris, William, 107
Morton Church, Soms., 73
Mouldings--
Norman, 37
Early English, 52
Decorated, 62
Perpendicular, 69
Newark, Notts., 92
New College, Oxford, 72
Norbury, Derbyshire, 106
Norman Architecture, 35
Norwich Cathedral, 29, 43
Ornaments--
Norman, 37
Early English, 52
Decorated, 60, 62
Perpendicular, 68, 69, 70
Ornaments, Church, 80
Oxford Cathedral, 43, 101
Palladio, 74, 75
Parham, 84
Parker (quoted), 31, 35, 88
Parliament, Houses of, 78
Patrixbourne Church, Kent, 41
Perkins, Rev. T. (quoted), 110
Perpendicular Styles, 64
Perpendicular Towers, 72
Perpendicular Spires, 73
Peterborough Cathedral, 29, 43, 57
Philippa, Queen, 84
Piscinas, 87
Piers--
Norman, 42
Early English, 54
Decorated, 60
Perpendicular, 68
Plymtree, 92
Pointed Arch, The, 49
Porches, 53
Porlock Church, Somerset, 81
Pugin, 78, 79
Pulpits, 90
Pyecombe, 84
Pylle Church, 86
Radipole Church, Dorset, 98
Ravenna, 33
Reculver, 25
Reform Club, 79
Renaissance, The, 74
Repton Church, Derby, 109, 110
Reredos, The, 94
Richard I., 48, 49
Richborough, 25
Rickman (quoted), 35
Ripon Cathedral, 32, 109
Rievaulx, 47
Rochester Cathedral, 42, 57, 109
Rolvenden Church, Kent, 86
Romanesque Style, The, 27
Rome, 33
Ross, 101
Rotherham Church, Yorks., 70
Rothwell Church, 87
Round Churches, The, 44
Routledge, Rev. C. F., M.A., F.S.A., 24
Saffron Walden, 73
Saint Alban's Cathedral, 54, 94
Saint Andrew's, Norwich, 73
Saint Anselm, 110
Saint Augustine, 19
Saint Benet's, Cambridge, 32
Saint Chad's Cathedral, Birmingham, 79
Saint Clement's, Norfolk, 73
Saint Cross, Winchester, 39
Saint David's, Cathedral, 57, 73
Saint Dunstan, 96
Saint Edmundsbury, 97
Saint Edmund, Martyr, 35
Saint Etheldreda, 58
Saint Ethelwold, 103
Saint Giles', Oxford, 81
Saint Hilda, 96
Saint Lawrence, Bradford-on-Avon, 32, 33
Saint Margaret's, Westminster, 107
Saint Mark's, Venice, 28
Saint Mary Abchurch, 76
Saint Mary Magdalene, Ripon, 81
Saint Mary Redcliffe, Bristol, 73
Saint Mary's, Cambridge, 73
Saint Mary's, Dover, 22
Saint Mary's, Lincoln, 32
Saint Mary's, Luton, 84
Saint Mary's, Newark, 101
Saint Mary's, Norwich, 73
Saint Mary's, Ottery, 92
Saint Mary's, Oxford, 73, 101
Saint Mary's, Stamford, 92
Saint Mary's, Taunton, 73
Saint Mary's, Wareham, 81, 84
Saint Mary's, Woolnoth, 76
Saint Mary's, York, 32
Saint Martin's, Canterbury, 22
Saint Martin's, Wareham, 32
Saint Michael's, Coventry, 73
Saint Michael's, Oxford, 32, 34, 94
Saint Nicholas, Lynn, 73
Saint Nicholas, Newcastle, 73
Saint Nicholas, Yarmouth, 63
Saint Paul the Apostle, 19
Saint Paul's Cathedral, 75, 76, 101
Saint Paul's Churchyard, 90
Saint Patrick, 21
Saint Peter Port, Guernsey, 98
Saint Peter's in the East, Oxford 110
Saint Peter's, Lincoln, 32
Saint Peter's, Norwich, 73
Saint Peter's, Rome, 75, 76
Saint Pierre, Caen, 101
Saint Piran's, Perranporth, 21
Saint Saviour's, Dartmouth, 90, 92
Saint Saviour's Southwark, 94
Saint Sepulchre, Cambridge, 44
Saint Sepulchre, Northampton, 44
Saint Sophia, Constantinople, 28
Saint Stephen's, Bristol, 73
Saint Stephen's Chapel, Westminster, 58
Saint Stephen's, Walbrook, 76
Saint Thomas à Becket, 110
Saint Wilfrid's Needle, 109
Saint Wolfstan, 103
Salisbury Cathedral, 47, 57, 101, 106
Sanctuary Knockers, 82
Saxon Architecture, 31
Saxon Churches, 32
Scott (quoted), 31
Screens, 92
Sedilia, 87
Shottesbrook Church, Berks, 66, 103
Shrewsbury, 90
Silchester, 25
Snettisham, Norfolk, 101
Solihull, Warwickshire, 94
Sompting, Sussex, 32, 99
Southwell, 57, 87
Southwold Church, Suffolk, 73
Speyer Cathedral, 29
Spires, 73, 99
Squints, 90
Stalls, 88
Stanford, Leicester, 106
Stone Church, Kent, 54
Stoups, 86
Temple Balsall, 44
Temple Church, London, 44
Tenby, 90
Tewkesbury Abbey, 106
Thaxted Church, Essex, 73
Thornham Church, Kent, 86
Towers, 33, 72
Transom, The, 46, 49
Trinity Church, Ely, 58
Tympana, 41
Uffendon, Devon, 92
Vitruvius, 74
Wakefield Church, Yorkshire, 73
Walpole, Horace, 78
Walton-on-the-Hill, Surrey, 84
Wansted, Oxford, 101
Wantsume, 25
Warmington, Warwickshire, 81
Wells Cathedral, 53, 57, 110
West Horsley, Surrey, 106
Westminster Abbey, 48, 57, 63, 76, 78, 103
Westminster Hall, 73
Westminster, Henry's VII.'s Chapel, 68, 88, 89
Westwell, Kent, 106
Wilford Church, Oxford, 101
William the Conqueror, 96
Wimborne Minster, 110
Wimmington Church, Bedfordshire, 66
Winchester Cathedral, 43, 63, 72, 85, 88, 103, 110
Winchester College, 72
Windows--
Saxon, 32
Norman, 39
Early English, 52
Decorated, 58
Perpendicular, 68
Wing, 32
Wootton Wawen, 32
Worcester Cathedral, 57, 109, 110
Worms Cathedral, 29
Wren, Sir Christopher, 75, 76
Wrexham Church, 72
Wroxhall Abbey, 106
Wykeham, William of, 72, 84
Wymondham Church, 72
York Minster, 32, 57, 63, 66, 73, 94, 106, 109
THE HOMELAND HANDBOOKS
Copiously Illustrated and provided with Ordnance Maps and Plans.
JANUARY, 1907.
No. Cloth. Paper.
1 TONBRIDGE FOR THE ANGLER, THE HOLIDAY-MAKER, AND THE RESIDENT.
By Stanley Martin and Prescott Row 1/- 6d.
2 TUNBRIDGE WELLS OF TO-DAY. By Stanley Martin and
Prescott Row. Ordnance Map and Plans. Second Edition 1/- 6d.
3 "LONDON TOWN." By Eric Hammond 1/- 6d.
4 "LYONESSE": THE ISLES OF SCILLY. By J. C. Tonkin and
Prescott Row. Fourth Edition. Map 2/- 1/-
5 "WOLFE-LAND": THE WESTERHAM DISTRICT, KENT. By Gibson
Thompson. Third Edition. Ordnance Map 1/6 1/-
6 "KENT'S CAPITAL": MAIDSTONE. By Stanley Martin and Prescott
Row. Second Edition. With Map 1/- 6d.
7 CROYDON, NEW AND OLD. By Edward A. Martin, F.G.S., and
J. E. Morris, B.A. Third Edition. With Map 1/- 6d.
8 DARTMOOR AND ITS SURROUNDINGS. By Beatrix F. Cresswell.
Edited by William Crossing. Fourth Edition. Ordnance Maps 2/- 1/-
9 ROCHESTER AND CHATHAM WITH PEN AND CAMERA. By
A. G. Munro, B.A. Second Edition. With Map 1/6 6d.
10 REIGATE AND REDHILL. By T. F. W. Hamilton and W. Hodgson.
Second Edition. Ordnance Map 1/- 6d.
11 "SURREY'S CAPITAL": GUILDFORD AND DISTRICT.
By J. E. Morris, B.A. Third Edition. With Map 1/6 6d.
12 DULVERTON AND DISTRICT: THE COUNTRY OF THE WILD RED DEER.
By F. J. Snell, B.A. Second Edition.
Cloth Edition contains Map 1/6 6d.
13 FARNHAM AND ITS SURROUNDINGS. By Gordon Home. With Map 2/- 1/-
14 GODALMING AND ITS SURROUNDINGS. Edited by Prescott Row.
Second Edition. With Ordnance Map 1/- 6d.
15 TEIGNMOUTH AND ITS SURROUNDINGS. By Beatrix F. Cresswell.
Second Edition. With Ordnance Map 1/- 6d.
16 HASTINGS AND ST. LEONARDS. By W. H. Sanders. With Plan 1/6 6d.
17 EPSOM AND ITS SURROUNDINGS. By Gordon Home. Ordnance Map 1/6 9d.
18 MINEHEAD, PORLOCK, AND DUNSTER: THE SEA-BOARD OF EXMOOR.
By C. E. Larter. Second Edition. Ordnance Map 1/- 6d.
19 CRANBROOK: THE TOWN OF THE KENTISH WEALD.
By Stanley Martin. Second Edition. With Map 1/6 6d.
20 DAWLISH, AND THE ESTUARY OF THE EXE.
By Beatrix F. Cresswell. Cloth Edition contains Map 1/- 6d.
21 ST. ALBANS: ITS ABBEY AND ITS SURROUNDINGS.
By C. H. Ashdown, F.R.G.S., F.C.S. With Ordnance Map 2/6 1/-
22 BROMLEY, BECKENHAM, AND CHISLEHURST. By George Clinch,
F.G.S. Ordnance Map 2/6 1/-
23 EXETER AND ITS CATHEDRAL.
By Beatrix F. Cresswell. With Plan 1/- 6d.
24 KINGSTON-UPON-THAMES AND SURBITON.
By Dr. W. E. St. L. Finny. With Ordnance Map 2/6 1/-
25 EVESHAM AND ITS NEIGHBOURHOOD, INCLUDING BROADWAY.
By William Smith. With Map 1/6 1/-
26 PETWORTH AND MID WEST SUSSEX. By L. C. Barnes. With Map.
(Cloth only) 1/- --
27 NEWQUAY, THE VALE OF LANHERNE, AND PERRANZABULOE.
By Fannie Goddard. Second Edition. Ordnance Map 1/- 6d.
28 HASLEMERE AND HINDHEAD WITH THEIR SURROUNDINGS.
By J. E. Morris, B.A. Second Edition. Ordnance Map 2/- 1/-
29 TAUNTON AND TAUNTON DEANE. By Beatrix F. Cresswell.
Ordnance Map 2/6 1/-
30 LITTLEHAMPTON, ARUNDEL, AND AMBERLEY.
By Rev. W. Goodliffe, M.A. Ordnance Map 1/- 6d.
31 "THE WESTERN GATE OF DARTMOOR": TAVISTOCK AND THE DISTRICT.
By William Crossing. With Ordnance Map 1/- 6d.
32 PLYMOUTH: "THE METROPOLIS OF THE WEST."
By W. H. K. Wright. With Ordnance Map 1/- 6d.
33 THE CHALFONT COUNTRY (SOUTH BUCKS). By S. Graveson.
Ordnance Map 1/6 1/-
34 DUNSTABLE, THE DOWNS, AND THE DISTRICT. By. G. Worthington
Smith, F.L.S., etc. With Maps 2/- 1/-
35 THE QUANTOCK HILLS, THEIR COMBES AND VILLAGES.
By Beatrix F. Cresswell. Ordnance Map. (Cloth only) 2/6 --
36 OXTED, LIMPSFIELD, AND EDENBRIDGE. By Gordon Home.
Ordnance Map 1/- 6d.
37 LYNTON, LYNMOUTH, AND THE LORNA DOONE COUNTRY.
By J. E. Morris, B.A. Ordnance Map 1/- 6d.
38 HORSHAM AND ITS SURROUNDINGS. By Rev. W. Goodliffe, M.A.
Ordnance Map 2/- 1/-
39 SEAFORD AND NEWHAVEN. By Geo. Day. Ordnance Map 1/- 6d.
40 THE GREAT OUSE. HUNTINGDON, ST. NEOTS, AND ST IVES. By
H. L. Jackson, M.A., and G. R. Holt Shafto. Ordnance Map 2/- 1/-
41 KING'S LYNN WITH ITS SURROUNDINGS, INCLUDING SANDRINGHAM.
By W. A. Dutt. Ordnance Map 2/- 1/-
42 WOKING AND RIPLEY WITH THEIR SURROUNDINGS.
By A. H. Anderson. Ordnance Map 2/- 1/-
43 HERTFORD AND ITS SURROUNDINGS. By W. Graveson.
Ordnance Map. 2/- 1/-
44 DORKING AND LEATHERHEAD.
By Joseph E. Morris, M.A. Ordnance Map 2/- 1/-
45 WALTHAM AND CHESHUNT. By Freeman Bunting. Ordnance Map 1/- 6d.
46 DORCHESTER WITH ITS SURROUNDINGS. By F. W. and Sidney
Heath. with a Foreword by Thomas Hardy. Ordnance Map 2/- 1/-
47 LUTON CHURCH. By Constance Isherwood. With Plan 1/- 6d.
48 READING AND ITS SURROUNDINGS. By A. H. Anderson.
Ordnance Map 2/- 1/-
49 SUTTON AND ITS SURROUNDINGS.
By F. Richards. Ordnance Map 2/- 1/-
50 WATFORD AND ITS SURROUNDINGS. By Walter Moore.
Ordnance Map 2/- 1/-
51 YEOVIL AND ITS SURROUNDINGS. By Frank Heath. Ordnance Map 2/- 1/-
52 AYLESBURY AND ITS SURROUNDINGS. By Walter Moore.
Ordnance Map 2/- 1/-
53 GRAVESEND AND ITS SURROUNDINGS. By A. J. Philip.
Ordnance Map 2/- 1/-
54 HIGH WYCOMBE AND ITS SURROUNDINGS. By Henry Harbour -- --
55 OUR HOMELAND CHURCHES, AND HOW TO STUDY THEM.
By Sidney Heath 2/- --
HANDBOOKS FOR MANY OTHER TOWNS AND DISTRICTS ARE IN ACTIVE PREPARATION.