CRUSH, krush, _v.t._ to break or bruise: to squeeze together: to beat down
or overwhelm: to subdue: to ruin.--_v.i._ to become broken under
pressure.--_n._ a violet squeezing: a vast crowd of persons or
things.--_adj._ CRUSHED, broken by pressure: subdued: oppressed.--_ns._
CRUSH'ER, he who, or that which, crushes or subdues: (_slang_) a policeman;
CRUSH'-HAT, a hat so constructed as to collapse and become flat: an
opera-hat.--_adj._ CRUSH'ING, bruising: overwhelming.--_adv._
CRUSH'INGLY.--_n._ CRUSH'-ROOM, a room in a theatre, &c., where the
audience may promenade during the intervals of the entertainment.--CRUSH A
CUP, to empty a cup: to quaff.--CRUSHED STRAWBERRY, of the colour of
strawberries that have been crushed. [O. Fr. _croissir_; per. cog. with
Mid. High Ger. _krosen_, to crunch.]
CRUSIE, CRUSY, kr[=oo]z'i, _n._ (_Scot._) a lamp which burns oil. [From
CRUSET.]
CRUST, krust, _n._ the hard rind or outside coating of anything: the outer
part of bread: covering of a pie, &c.: (_geol._) the solid exterior of the
earth.--_v.t._ to cover with a crust or hard case.--_v.i._ to gather into a
hard crust.--_adj._ CRUST[=A]T'ED, covered with a crust.--_n._
CRUST[=A]'TION, an adherent crust.--_adv._ CRUST'ILY.--_n._
CRUST'INESS.--_adj._ CRUST'Y, of the nature of or having a crust, as port
or other wine: having a hard or harsh exterior: hard: snappy: surly. [O.
Fr.,--L. _crusta_, rind.]
CRUSTA, krus'ta, _n._ something, as a gem, prepared for inlaying: a hard
coating: a cocktail served in a glass, its rim encrusted in sugar:--_pl._
CRUSTÆ ([=e]).
CRUSTACEA, krus-t[=a]'shi-a, _n.pl._ a large class of Arthropod animals,
almost all aquatic, including crabs, lobsters, shrimps, sand-hoppers,
wood-lice, water-fleas, barnacles, acorn-shells, &c.--_n._ CRUST[=A]'CEAN,
one of the crustacea.--_adj._ CRUSTACEOLOG'ICAL.--_ns._ CRUSTACEOL'OGIST;
CRUSTACEOL'OGY, the science which treats of the crustacea.--_adjs._
CRUST[=A]'CEOUS, CRUST[=A]'CEAN, pertaining to the crustacea, or shellfish.
CRUT, krut, _n._ (_prov._) a dwarf.
CRUTCH, kruch, _n._ a staff with a cross-piece at the head to place under
the arm of a lame person: any support like a crutch.--_v.t._ to support: to
prop.--_v.i._ to go on crutches.--_adj._ CRUTCHED, marked by the sign of or
wearing a cross.--_n.pl._ CRUTCHED'-FR[=I]'ARS, an order of friars so
called from the sign of the cross which they wore--_Crouched-_ or
_Crossed-friars_. [From root of CROOK; perh. modified by L. _crux_.]
CRUX, kruks, _n._ a cross: (_fig._) something that occasions difficulty.
[L. _crux_, a cross.]
CRWTH, kröth, _n._ an old Welsh stringed instrument, four of its six
strings played with a bow, two twitched by the thumb. [W.]
CRY, kr[=i], _v.i._ to utter a shrill loud sound, esp. one expressive of
pain or grief: to lament: to weep: to bawl.--_v.t._ to utter loudly: to
proclaim or make public:--_pa.t._ and _pa.p._ cried.--_n._ any loud sound,
esp. of grief or pain: a fit of weeping: a pack of hounds, hence of people:
particular sound uttered by an animal: bawling: lamentation: prayer:
clamour:--_pl._ CRIES.--_ns._ CR[=I]'ER; CRY'ING, act of calling loudly:
weeping.--_adj._ calling loudly: claiming notice: notorious.--CRY AGAINST,
to protest against; CRY DOWN, to condemn: to decry; CRY OFF, to withdraw
from a bargain; CRY ON, to call upon: to invoke; CRY UP, to praise:
extol.--A FAR CRY, a great distance; GREAT CRY AND LITTLE WOOL, appearance
without reality: much ado about nothing; HUE AND CRY (see HUE); IN FULL
CRY, in full pursuit, used of dogs in hunt; WITHIN CRY OF, within hearing
distance. [Fr. _crier_--L. _quirit[=a]re_, to scream--freq. of L. _queri_,
to lament.]
CRYOLITE, kr[=i]'o-l[=i]t, _n._ a mineral found on the coast of Greenland,
consisting mainly of a fluoride of aluminium in combination with fluoride
of sodium. [Gr. _kryos_, frost, and _lithos_, a stone.]
CRYOPHORUS, kr[=i]-of'o-rus, _n._ an instrument for showing the decrease of
temperature in water by evaporation. [Gr. _kryos_, frost, and _pherein_, to
bear.]
CRYPT, kript, _n._ an underground cell or chapel, esp. one used for
burial.--_adjs._ CRYP'TIC, -AL, hidden: secret: unseen. [L. _crypta_--Gr.
_krypt[=e]_--_kryptein_, to conceal. Doublet of GROT.]
CRYPTOGAMIA, krip-to-g[=a]'mi-a, _n._ the class of flowerless plants, or
those which have their fructification concealed.--_n._ CRYP'TOGAM.--_adjs._
CRYPTOG[=A]'MIAN, CRYPTOGAM'IC, CRYPTOG'AMOUS.--_ns._ CRYPTOG'AMIST;
CRYPTOG'AMY. [Gr. _kryptos_, concealed, and _gamos_, marriage.]
CRYPTOGRAM, krip't[=o]-gram, _n._ a cryptograph.--_ns._ CRYPTAD'IA, things
to be kept secret; CRYPTOL'OGY, secret language; CRYP'TONYM, a secret name.
CRYPTOGRAPHY, krip-tog'ra-fi, _n._ the art of secret writing: the character
or cipher so used.--_ns._ CRYPT'OGRAPH; CRYPTOG'RAPHER.--_adjs._
CRYPTOGRAPH'IC, -AL. [Gr. _kryptos_, secret, and _graphein_, to write.]
CRYSTAL, kris'tal, _n._ a superior kind of quartz, clear like ice:
(_chem._) a piece of matter which has assumed a definite geometrical form,
with plane faces.--_adjs._ CRYS'TAL, CRYS'TALL[=I]NE, consisting of or like
crystal in clearness, &c.; CRYS'TALFORM; CRYS'TALL[=I]SABLE, capable of
being crystallised or formed into crystals.--_n._ CRYSTALL[=I]S[=A]'TION,
the act of crystallising.--_v.t._ CRYS'TALL[=I]SE, to reduce to the form of
a crystal.--_v.i._ to assume a crystalline form.--_ns._ CRYS'TALLITE;
CRYSTALLOGEN'ESIS.--_adj._ CRYSTALLOGEN'IC.--_n._ CRYSTALLOG'RAPHER, one
skilled in crystallography.--_adj._ CRYSTALLOGRAPH'IC--_n._
CRYSTALLOG'RAPHY, the science of crystallisation.--_adj._ CRYS'TALLOID,
having the form of a crystal.--_n._ a name given by Graham to a class of
substances which when in solution pass easily through membranes.--_n._
CRYS'TALLOMANCY, a mode of divination by means of transparent bodies. [O.
Fr. _cristol_--L. _crystallum_--Gr. _krystallos_, ice--_kryos_, frost.]
CTENOID, t[=e]'noid, _adj._ comb-shaped, applied by Agassiz to the scales
and fins of certain fishes, as the perch, &c.--_adj._ and _n._ CTENOID'EAN.
[Gr. _kteis_, _ktenos_, a comb, _eidos_, form.]
CTENOPHORA, ten-of'o-ra, _n.pl._ a sub-class of Coelenterates--beautifully
delicate, free-swimming marine organisms, generally globular, moving by
means of comb-like plates. [Gr. _kteis_, _ktenos_, a comb, _pherein_, to
carry.]
CUB, kub, _n._ the young of certain animals, as foxes, &c.: a whelp: a
young boy or girl (in contempt).--_v.i._ to bring forth young:--_pr.p._
cub'bing; _pa.p._ cubbed.--_adjs._ CUB'BISH, like a cub: awkward;
CUB'-DRAWN (_Shak._), drawn or sucked by cubs.--_n._ CUB'HOOD.--_adj._
CUB'LESS, without cubs. [Prob. Celt., as Ir. _cuib_, a whelp, from _cu_, a
dog.]
CUB, kub, _n._ a cattle-pen: chest.
CUBAN, k[=u]'ban, _n._ a native of the island of _Cuba_ in the West
Indies.--_adj._ pertaining to Cuba.
CUBE, k[=u]b, _n._ a solid body having six equal square faces, a solid
square: the third power of a number, as--2 × 2 × 2 = 8.--_v.t._ to raise to
the third power.--_ns._ C[=U]'BAGE, CUB[=A]'TION, C[=U]'BATURE, the act of
finding the solid or cubic content of a body: the result thus
found.--_adjs._ C[=U]'BIC, -AL, pertaining to a cube: of the third power or
degree: solid.--_adv._ C[=U]'BICALLY.--_n._ C[=U]'BICALNESS, state or
quality of being cubical.--_adjs._ C[=U]'BIFORM; C[=U]'BOID, CUBOID'AL,
resembling a cube in shape.--CUBE ROOT, the number or quantity that
produces a given cube by being raised to the third power--thus 2 is the
cube root of 8. [Fr.,--L. _cubus_--Gr. _kybos_, a die.]
CUBEB, k[=u]'beb, _n._ the dried berry of _Piper cubeba_, a climbing shrub,
native to Sumatra--useful as a stomachic and carminative in indigestion,
for piles and for sore throats.--_n._ CUBEB'IN, a crystallising substance
in cubebs. [Fr. _cubèbe_--Ar. _kab[=a]bah_.]
CUBICA, k[=u]'bi-ka, _n._ a fine worsted for linings.
CUBICLE, k[=u]'bi-kl, _n._ a bedroom.
CUBIT, k[=u]'bit, _n._ a measure employed by the ancients, equal to the
length of the arm from the elbow to the tip of the middle-finger, from 18
to 22 inches--also C[=U]'BITUS.--_adj._ C[=U]'BITAL, of the length of a
cubit. [L. _cubitum_, the elbow; cf. L. _cub[=a]re_, to lie down.]
CUCKING-STOOL, kuk'ing-st[=oo]l, _n._ a stool in which scolds and other
culprits were placed, usually before their own door, to be pelted by the
mob. [Mentioned in Domesday Book as in use in Chester, and called _cathedra
stercoris_. From an obs. word _cuck_, to ease one's self; cf. Ice. _kúka_.]
CUCKOLD, kuk'old, _n._ a man whose wife has proved unfaithful.--_v.t._ to
wrong (a husband) by unchastity.--_v.t._ CUCK'OLDISE, to make a
cuckold.--_adv._ CUCK'OLDLY (_Shak._).--_ns._ CUCK'OLD-MAK'ER; CUCK'OLDOM,
state of a cuckold: act of adultery; CUCK'OLDRY, adultery. [O. Fr.
_cucuault_--_cucu_, cuckoo.]
CUCKOO, kook'k[=oo], _n._ a bird which cries cuckoo, remarkable for laying
its eggs in the nests of other birds.--_ns._ CUCK'OO-BUD (_Shak._), name of
a plant; CUCK'OO-CLOCK, a clock in which the hours are told by a
cuckoo-call; CUCK'OO-FLOW'ER, a species of Cardamine--called also _Lady's
Smock_; CUCK'OO-PINT, the Wake-robin, _Arum maculatum_; CUCK'OO-SPIT,
-SPIT'TLE, a frothy spittle, made by many insects parasitic on plants,
surrounding the larvæ and pupæ.
CUCULLATE, -D, k[=u]'kul-l[=a]t, -ed, _adj._ hooded: shaped like a hood.
[L. _cucullatus_--_cucullus_, a hood.]
CUCUMBER, k[=u]'kum-b[.e]r, _n._ a creeping plant, with heart-shaped
leaves, rough with bristly hairs, and large oblong fruit used as a salad
and pickle--a native of southern Asia.--_adj._ CUCUM'IFORM. [L. _cucumis_,
_cucumeris_.]
CUCURBIT, k[=u]'kur-bit, _n._ a chemical vessel used in distillation,
originally shaped like a gourd.--_adjs._ CUCUR'BITAL, CUCURBIT[=A]'CEOUS,
pertaining to the _Cucurbitaceæ_, mostly herbaceous climbers, as the gourd,
melon, &c.; CUCUR'BITIVE, like a gourd-seed. [Fr. _cucurbite_--L.
_cucurbita_, a gourd.]
CUD, kud, _n._ the food brought from the first stomach of a ruminating
animal back into the mouth and chewed again.--_n._ CUD'WEED, the popular
name for many species of plants covered with a cottony down.--CHEW THE CUD,
to meditate. [A.S. _cwidu_.]
CUDBEAR, kud'b[=a]r, _n._ a purple or violet coloured powder prepared from
a lichen, used in dyeing. [A corr. of _Cuthbert_--from Dr _Cuthbert_
Gordon, who first made it an article of commerce.]
CUDDLE, kud'l, _v.t._ to hug: to embrace: to fondle.--_v.i._ to lie close
and snug together.--_n._ a close embrace. [Perh. a freq. of M. E. _couth_,
cosy.]
CUDDY, kud'i, _n._ a small cabin or cookroom, in the fore-part of a boat or
lighter: in large vessels, the officers' cabin under the poopdeck. [Origin
uncertain; cf. Fr. _cahute_; Dut. _kajuit_; Ger. _kajüte_.]
CUDDY, kud'i, _n._ the right of a lord to entertainment from his tenant:
rent: (_Spens._) _Cuddeehih_. [Corr. of Ir. _cuid oidhche_--_cuid_, a
share, _oidhche_, night.]
CUDDY, CUDDIE, kud'i, _n._ a donkey: (_Scot._) a stupid person. [Perh.
formed from _Cuthbert_.]
CUDGEL, kud'jel, _n._ a heavy staff: a club.--_v.t._ to beat with a
cudgel:--_pr.p._ cud'gelling; _pa.p._ cud'gelled.--_ns._ CUD'GELLER;
CUD'GELLING.--_adj._ CUD'GEL-PROOF, not to be hurt by beating.--TAKE UP THE
CUDGELS, to engage in a contest. [A.S. _cycgel_.]
CUE, k[=u], _n._ the last words of an actor's speech serving as a hint to
the next speaker: any hint: the part one has to play. [Acc. to some from
Fr. _queue_, tail, as the ending words of the last speech; in 17th cent.
written Q, and derived from L. _quando_, 'when,' i.e. when the actor was to
begin.]
CUE, k[=u], _n._ a twist of hair at the back of the head: a rod used in
playing billiards.--_v.t._ of the hair, to form in a cue. [Fr. _queue_--L.
_cauda_, a tail.]
CUFF, kuf, _n._ a stroke with the open hand.--_v.t._ to strike with the
open hand: to beat. [Origin obscure; cf. Sw. _kuffa_, to knock.]
CUFF, kuf, _n._ the end of the sleeve near the wrist: a covering for the
wrist: a handcuff (q.v.). [Prob. cog. with COIF.]
CUFF, kuf, _n._ Scotch form of SCRUFF.--CUFF OF THE NECK. See SCRUFF.