CHOREOGRAPHY. See CHORUS.
CHOREPISCOPAL, k[=o]-re-pis'ko-pal, _adj._ pertaining to a local or
suffragan bishop. [Gr. _ch[=o]ra_, place.]
CHORIAMB, k[=o]'ri-amb, _n._ a metrical foot of four syllables, the first
and last long, the two others short.--_adj._ and _n._ CHORIAM'BIC. [Gr.
_choriambos_--_choreios_, a trochee, _iambos_, iambus.]
CHORION, k[=o]'ri-on, _n._ the outer foetal envelope: the external membrane
of the seeds of plants:--_pl._ CH[=O]'RIA.--_adj._ CH[=O]'ROID. [Gr.]
CHOROGRAPHY, k[=o]-rog'ra-fi, _n._ the description of the geographical
features of a particular region.--_adjs._ CHOROGRAPH'IC, -AL;
CHOROLOG'ICAL.--_ns._ CHOROL'OGIST; CHOROL'OGY, the science of the
geographical distribution of plants and animals.
CHORUS, k[=o]'rus, _n._ a band of singers and dancers, esp. in the Greek
plays: a company of singers: that which is sung by a chorus: the
combination of several voices in one simultaneous utterance: the part of a
song in which the company join the singer.--_adj._ CHOREOGRAPH'IC.--_ns._
CHOREOG'RAPHY, CHOROG'RAPHY, the notation of dancing.--_adj._
CH[=O]'RIC.--_ns._ CH[=O]'RIST, CHOR'ISTER, a member of a choir. [L.,--Gr.
_choros_, dance.]
CHOSE, CHOSEN. See CHOOSE.
CHOUGH, chuf, _n._ a kind of jackdaw which frequents rocky places on the
seacoast. [A.S. _céo_; from the cry of the bird. See CAW.]
CHOULTRY. See CHOLTRY.
CHOUSE, chows, _n._ (_obs._) a cheat: one easily cheated: a trick.--_v.t._
to cheat, swindle. [Prob. from Turk. _chaush_, a messenger or envoy.]
CHOUT, chowt, _n._ one-fourth part of the revenue extorted by the Mahrattas
as blackmail: blackmail, extortion. [Hind. _chauth_, the fourth part.]
CHOW-CHOW, chow'-chow, _n._ a mixture of food such as the Chinese use, e.g.
preserved pickles.--_adj._ miscellaneous, mixed. [Pigeon-English.]
CHOWDER, chow'd[.e]r, _n._ a dish made of a mixture of fish and biscuits.
[Fr. _chaudière_, a pot.]
CHOWRY, chow'ri, _n._ an instrument used for driving away flies. [Hindi,
_chaunri_.]
CHREMATISTIC, kr[=e]-ma-tis'tik, _adj._ pertaining to finance.--_n._
CHREMATIS'TICS, the science of wealth. [Gr.,--_chr[=e]ma_, a thing.]
CHOY-ROOT. See SHAYA-ROOT.
CHRESTOMATHY, kres-tom'a-thi, _n._ a book of selections from foreign
languages, usually for beginners.--_adjs._ CHRESTOMATH'IC, -AL. [Gr.
_chr[=e]stos_, useful, _mathein_, to know.]
CHRISM, krizm, _n._ consecrated or holy oil: unction: confirmation:
chrisom. (q.v.).--_adj._ CHRIS'MAL, pertaining to chrism.--_n._ a case for
containing chrism: a pyx: a veil used in christening.--_ns._ CHRIS'MATORY,
a vessel for containing chrism; CHRIS'OM, a white cloth laid by the priest
on a child newly anointed with chrism after its baptism: the child
itself.--CHRISOM CHILD (_Shak._), a child still wearing the chrisom cloth:
an innocent child. [O. Fr. _chresme_ (Fr. _chrême_)--Gr. _chrisma_, from
_chriein_, _chrisein_, to anoint.]
CHRIST, kr[=i]st, _n._ the Anointed, the Messiah.--_ns._ CHRIST-CROSS-ROW
(kris'-kros-r[=o]), the alphabet, from the use in horn-books of having a
cross at the beginning; CHR[=I]ST'S-THORN, a kind of prickly shrub common
in Palestine and south of Europe, so called because supposed to have been
the plant from which the crown of thorns was made.--_v.t._ CHRISTEN
(kris'n), to baptise in the name of Christ: to give a name to.--_ns._
CHRIS'TENDOM, that part of the world in which Christianity is the received
religion: the whole body of Christians; CHRIS'TENING, the ceremony of
baptism; CHR[=I]ST'HOOD, the condition of being the Christ or Messiah;
CHRIST'IAN, a follower of Christ: (_coll._) a human being.--_adj._ relating
to Christ or His religion: being in the spirit of Christ.--_v.t._
CHRIST'IANISE, to make Christian: to convert to Christianity.--_ns._
CHRIST'IANISM, CHRISTIAN'ITY, the religion of Christ: the spirit of this
religion.--_adjs._ CHRIST'IAN-LIKE, CHRIST'IANLY.--_ns._ CHRIST'IANNESS,
CHRIST'LINESS.--_adjs._ CHRIST'LESS, CHRIST'LY.--CHRISTIAN ERA, the era
counted from the birth of Christ; CHRISTIAN NAME, the name given when
christened, as distinguished from the surname. [A.S. _crist_--Gr.
_Christos_--and _chriein_, _chrisein_, to anoint.]
CHRISTADELPHIAN, kris-ta-del'fi-an, _n._ a member of a small religious body
holding conditional immortality, denying a personal devil, &c.--sometimes
called _Thomasites_ from Dr John _Thomas_ of Brooklyn (1805-71). [Lit.
'Brethren of Christ,' Gr. _Christos_, Christ, and _adelphos_, brother.]
CHRISTMAS, kris'mas, _n._ an annual festival, originally a mass, in memory
of the birth of Christ, held on the 25th of December.--_ns._
CHRIST'MAS-BOX, a box containing Christmas presents: a Christmas gift;
CHRIST'MAS-CARD, a card, more or less ornamented, sent from friend to
friend at this season; CHRIST'MAS-EVE, the evening before Christmas;
CHRIST'MAS-ROSE, or -FLOW'ER, the _Helleborus niger_, flowering in winter;
CHRIST'MAS-TREE, a tree, usually fir, set up in a room, and loaded with
Christmas presents. [CHRIST and MASS.]
CHRISTOLOGY, kris-tol'o-ji, _n._ that branch of theology which treats of
the nature and person of Christ.--_adj._ CHRISTOLOG'ICAL.--_n._
CHRISTOL'OGIST. [Gr. _Christos_, and _logia_, a discourse.]
CHRISTOM, kris'um, _n._ (_Shak._). Same as CHRISOM, under CHRISM (q.v.).
CHRISTOPHANY, kris-tof'a-ni, _n._ an appearance of Christ to men. [Gr.
_Christos_, and _phainein_, to appear.]
CHROMATIC, kr[=o]-mat'ik, _adj._ relating to colours: coloured: (_mus._)
relating to notes in a melodic progression, which are raised or lowered by
accidentals, without changing the key of the passage, and also to chords in
which such notes occur.--_ns._ CHR[=O]M'ATE, a salt of chromic acid;
CHR[=O]MAT'ICS, the science of colours.--_v.t._ CHR[=O]'MATISE, to
impregnate with a chromate.--_ns._ CHR[=O]MATOG'RAPHY, a treatise on
colours; CHR[=O]MATOL'OGY, the science of colours, or a treatise thereon;
CHR[=O]MAT'OPHORE, one of the pigment-cells in animals: one of the granules
in protoplasm: one of the brightly coloured bead-like bodies in the oral
disc of certain actinias, &c.; CHR[=O]MATOP'SIA, coloured vision;
CHR[=O]'MATROPE, an arrangement in a magic-lantern by which effects like
those of the kaleidoscope are produced; CHR[=O]'MATYPE, CHR[=O]'MOTYPE, a
photographic process by which a coloured impression of a picture is
obtained.--_adj._ relating to the chromatype.--_ns._ CHR[=O]ME,
CHR[=O]'MIUM, a metal remarkable for the beautiful colours of its
compounds.--_adj._ CHR[=O]M'IC.--_ns._ CHR[=O]'MITE, a mineral consisting
of oxide of chromium and iron; CHR[=O]'MO-LITH'OGRAPH, or merely
CHR[=O]'MO, a lithograph printed in colours; CHR[=O]'MOLITHOG'RAPHY;
CHR[=O]'MOSPHERE, a layer of incandescent red gas surrounding the sun
through which the light of the photosphere passes--also CHR[=O]MAT'OSPHERE;
CHR[=O]'MO-TYPOG'RAPHY, typography in colours; CHR[=O]'MO-XY'LOGRAPH, a
picture printed in colours from wooden blocks;
CHR[=O]'MO-XYLOG'RAPHY.--CHROMATIC SCALE, a scale proceeding by semitones;
CHROMIC ACID, an acid of chromium, of an orange-red colour, much used in
dyeing and bleaching. [Gr. _chr[=o]matikos_--_chr[=o]ma_, colour.]
CHRONIC, -AL, kron'ik, -al, _adj._ lasting a long time: of a disease, deep
seated or long continued, as opposed to _acute_.--_n._ CHRON'IC, chronic
invalid. [Gr. _chronikos_--_chronos_, time.]
CHRONICLE, kron'i-kl, _n._ a bare record of events in order of time: a
history: (_pl._) name of two of the Old Testament books: a story,
account.--_v.t._ to record.--_n._ CHRON'ICLER, a historian. [O. Fr.
_chronique_--L.--Gr. _chronika_, annals--_chronos_, time.]
CHRONOGRAM, kron'o-gram, _n._ an inscription in which the time or date of
an event is given by certain of the letters printed larger than the rest.
[Gr. _chronos_, time, _gramma_, a letter--_graphein_, to write.]
CHRONOGRAPH, kron'o-graf, _n._ a chronogram: an instrument for taking exact
measurements of time, or for recording graphically the moment or duration
of an event.--_ns._ CHRONOG'RAPHER, a chronicler; CHRONOG'RAPHY,
chronology. [Gr. _chronos_, time, _graphein_, to write.]
CHRONOLOGY, kron-ol'o-ji, _n._ the science of time.--_ns._ CHRONOL'OGER,
CHRONOL'OGIST.--_adjs._ CHRONOLOG'IC, -AL.--_adv._ CHRONOLOG'ICALLY. [Gr.
_chronos_, time, _logia_, a discourse.]
CHRONOMETER, kron-om'e-t[.e]r, _n._ an instrument for measuring time: a
watch.--_adjs._ CHRONOMET'RIC, -AL.--_n._ CHRONOM'ETRY, the art of
measuring time by means of instruments: measurement of time. [Gr.
_chronos_, and _metron_, a measure.]
CHRONOSCOPE, kron'[=o]-sk[=o]p, _n._ an instrument for measuring very short
intervals of time, esp. with projectiles.
CHRYSALIS, kris'a-lis, CHRYSALID, kris'a-lid, _n._ a term originally
applied to the golden-coloured resting stages in the life-history of many
butterflies, but sometimes extended to all forms of pupæ or nymphs: the
shell whence the insect comes:--_pl._ CHRYSAL'IDES (i-d[=e]z).--_adjs._
CHRYS'ALID, CHRYS'ALINE, CHRYS'ALOID. [Gr. _chrysallis_--_chrysos_, gold.]
CHRYSANTHEMUM, kris-an'the-mum, _n._ a genus of composite plants to which
belong the corn marigold and ox-eye daisy. [Gr. _chrysos_, gold,
_anthemon_, flower.]
CHRYSELEPHANTINE, kris-el-e-fan'tin, _adj._ noting the art of making
statues jointly of gold and ivory. [Gr. _chrysos_, gold, _elephantinos_,
made of ivory--_elephas_, _-antos_, ivory.]
CHRYSOBERYL, kris'o-ber-il, _n._ a mineral of various shades of
greenish-yellow or gold colour. [Gr. _chrysos_, gold, and BERYL.]
CHRYSOCOLLA, kris-[=o]-kol'a, _n._ a silicate of protoxide of copper,
bluish-green. [Gr. _chrysos_, gold, _kolla_, glue.]
CHRYSOCRACY, kri-sok'ra-si, _n._ the rule of wealth. [Gr. _chrysos_, gold,
_kratein_, to rule.]
CHRYSOLITE, kris'[=o]-l[=i]t, _n._ a yellow or green precious stone. [Gr.
_chrysos_, and _lithos_, a stone.]
CHRYSOPHAN, kris'[=o]-fan, _n._ an orange-coloured bitter substance found
in rhubarb.--_adj._ CHRYSOPHAN'IC. [Gr. _chrysos_, gold, _phan[=e]s_,
appearing.]
CHRYSOPHILITE, kri-sof'i-l[=i]t, _n._ a lover of gold.
CHRYSOPHYLL, kris'[=o]-fil, _n._ the yellow colouring matter in the green
chlorophyl pigment of plants.--Also _Xanthophyl_. [Gr. _chrysos_, gold,
_phyllon_, a leaf.]
CHRYSOPRASE, kris'o-pr[=a]z, _n._ a variety of chalcedony: (_B._) a
yellowish-green stone, nature unknown. [Gr. _chrysos_, and _prason_, a
leek.]
CHRYSOTYPE, kris'o-t[=i]p, _n._ a process of taking pictures by
photography, on paper impregnated with a neutral solution of chloride of
gold. [Gr. _chrysos_, gold, _typos_, impression.]
CHTHONIAN, th[=o]'ni-an, _adj._ pertaining to the under world,
subterranean.--Also CHTHON'IC. [Gr. _chth[=o]n_, the ground.]
CHUB, chub, _n._ a small fat river-fish.--_adjs._ CHUBBED, CHUB'BY, short
and thick, plump; CHUB'-FACED, plump-faced.--_n._ CHUB'BINESS.
CHUBB, chub, _n._ a patent lock invented by _Chubb_, a locksmith in
London--much used for safes, &c.--Also CHUBB'-LOCK.
CHUCK, chuk, _n._ the call of a hen: a chicken (dim. CHUCK'IE): a word of
endearment.--_v.i._ to call, as a hen. [A variety of CLUCK.]
CHUCK, chuk, _n._ a gentle blow, as under the chin: (_coll._) a toss or
throw; any game of pitch and toss.--_v.t._ to pat gently, as under the
chin: to toss: to pitch.--_n._ CHUCK'-FAR'THING, a game in which a farthing
is chucked into a hole. [Fr. _choquer_, to jolt; allied to SHOCK.]
CHUCK, chuk, _n._ a pebble or small stone: a game with such stones, often
called CHUCK'IES: an instrument for holding an object so that it can be
rotated, as upon the mandrel of a lathe. [Der. uncertain; cf. It. _cioco_,
a block, stump.]
CHUCK-FULL. Same as CHOCK-FULL (q.v. under CHOCK).
CHUCKLE, chuk'l, _n._ a kind of laugh: the cry of a hen.--_v.t._ to call,
as a hen does her chickens: to caress.--_v.i._ to laugh in a quiet,
suppressed manner, indicating derision or enjoyment.--_n._ CHUCK'LING.
[Akin to CHUCK, to call.]
CHUCKLE, chuk'l, _adj._ clumsy.--_n._ CHUCK'LE-HEAD, a loutish fellow.
[Prob. CHOCK, a log.]
CHUFF, chuf, _n._ a clown: a surly fellow.--_n._ CHUF'FINESS,
boorishness.--_adj._ CHUF'FY, coarse and surly. [M. E. _chuffe_, _choffe_,
a boor (origin unknown), conn. with Scotch _coof_, akin to Ice. _kueif_.]
CHUM, chum, _n._ a chamber-fellow: friend or associate, chiefly among
schoolboys and students.--_v.i._ and _v.t._ to occupy, or to put one into,
the same room with another.--_n._ CHUM'MAGE, the quartering of two or more
persons in one room: a fee demanded from a new chum.--_adj._ CHUM'MY,
sociable.--_n._ a chimney-sweeper's boy: a chum. [Perh. a mutilation of
CHAMBER-FELLOW.]
CHUMP, chump, an end lump of wood: a blockhead: the head.--OFF HIS
CHUMP--out of his mind.
CHUNK, chungk, _n._ a thick piece of anything, as wood, bread, &c. [Perh.
related to CHUCK.]
CHURCH, church, _n._ a house set apart for Christian worship: the whole
body of Christians: the clergy: any particular sect or denomination of
Christians: any body professing a common creed, not necessarily
Christian.--_v.t._ to perform with any one the giving of thanks in church,
more esp. of a woman after childbirth, or of a newly-married couple on
first appearing at church after marriage.--_ns._ CHURCH'-ALE, a strong ale
brewed for a church festival: the festival at which the ale was drunk;
CHURCH'-BENCH (_Shak._), a seat in the porch of a church; CHURCH'-COURT, a
court for deciding ecclesiastical causes, a presbytery, synod, or general
assembly; CHURCH'-G[=O]'ING, the act of going to church, esp. habitually;
CHURCH'ING, the first appearance of a woman in church after childbirth;
CHURCH'ISM, adherence to the forms or principles of some church.--_adj._
CHURCH'LESS, not belonging to a church: (_Tennyson_) without church
approval.--_ns._ CHURCH'MAN, a clergyman or ecclesiastic: a member or
upholder of the established church; CHURCH'-RATE, an assessment for the
sustentation of the fabric, &c., of the parish church; CHURCH'-SERV'ICE,
the form of religious service followed in a church, order of public
worship, a book containing such; CHURCH'-TEXT, a thin and tall form of
black-letter print; CHURCHWAR'DEN, an officer who represents the interests
of a parish or church: a long clay-pipe; CHURCH'WAY, the public way or road
that leads to the church; CHURCH'WOMAN, a female member of the Anglican
Church.--_adj._ CHURCH'Y, obtrusively devoted to the church.--_n._
CHURCH'YARD, the burial-ground round a church.--CHURCH HISTORY, the
description of the course of development through which the church as a
whole, as well as its special departments and various institutions, has
passed, from the time of its foundation down to our own day; CHURCH
MILITANT, the church on earth in its struggle against evil; CHURCH
TRIUMPHANT, the portion of the church which has overcome and left this
world.--VISIBLE and INVISIBLE CHURCH (see VISIBLE). [A.S. _circe_ (Scot,
_kirk_; Ger. _kirche_)--Gr. _kyriakon_, belonging to the Lord--_Kyrios_,
the Lord.]
CHURL, churl, _n._ a rustic, labourer: an ill-bred, surly fellow.--_adj._
CHURL'ISH, rude: surly: ill-bred.--_adv._ CHURL'ISHLY.--_n._ CHURL'ISHNESS.
[A.S. _ceorl_, a countryman; Ice. _karl_, Ger. _kerl_, a man; Scot.
_carl_.]
CHURN, churn, _n._ a machine used for the production of butter from cream
or from whole milk.--_v.t._ to agitate cream so as to obtain
butter.--_v.i._ to perform the act of churning.--_ns._ CHURN'-DRILL, a
drill worked by hand, not struck with the hammer, a jumper; CHURN'ING, the
act of making butter: the quantity of butter made at once; CHURN'-STAFF,
the plunger used in an upright churn: the sun-spurge. [A.S. _cyrin_; Ice.
_kirna_, a churn; Dut. and Ger. _kernen_, to churn.]
CHURR, ch[.e]r, _n._ a low sound made by certain birds.--_v.i._ to make
this sound. [Prob. imit.]
CHURRUS, chur'us, _n._ the resinous exudation of _Cannabis indica_, which,
in its milder preparations, known as _bhang_, &c., is used as a narcotic
and intoxicant. [Hind. _charas_.]
CHUSE, ch[=oo]z, _v.t._ a form of CHOOSE.
CHUT, chut, _interj._ an expression of impatience.
CHUTE, sh[=oo]t, _n._ a waterfall, rapid: a channel down which to pass
water, logs, rubbish, &c. [Fr. _chute_, a fall.]
CHUTNEE, CHUTNY, chut'ne, _n._ an East Indian condiment, a compound of
mangoes, chillies, or capsicum, and lime-juice, &c. [Hind. _chatni_.]
CHYLE, k[=i]l, _n._ a white fluid drawn from the food while in the
intestines.--_adjs._ CHYL[=A]'CEOUS, CHYLIF'IC, CHYL'OUS; CHYLIFAC'TIVE,
having the power to make chyle.--_n._ CHYLIFIC[=A]'TION.--_v.t._ and _v.i._
CHYL'IFY, to convert, or be converted, into chyle.--_n._ CHYL[=U]'RIA, a
discharge of milky urine. [Fr.,--Gr. _chylos_, juice--_cheein_, to pour.]
CHYME, k[=i]m, _n._ the pulp to which the food is reduced in the
stomach.--_n._ CHYMIFIC[=A]'TION, the act of being formed into
chyme.--_v.t._ CHYM'IFY, to form into chyme.--_adj._ CHYM'OUS. [Gr.
_chymos_, from _cheein_.]
CHYMICAL, CHYMISTRY, obsolete forms of CHEMICAL, CHEMISTRY.
CHYND, ch[=i]nd, _p.adj._ (_Spens._) cut into chines.
CIBOL, sib'ol, _n._ a variety of onion. [Fr. _ciboule_ (Sp. _cebolla_)--Low
L. _cepola_, dim. of L. _cepa_, an onion.]
CIBORIUM, si-b[=o]'ri-um, _n._ (_R.C. Church_) a vessel nearly resembling a
chalice, with an arched cover, in which the Host is deposited: a canopy
supported on four pillars over the high altar:--_pl._ CIB[=O]'RIA. [L., a
drinking-cup--Gr. _kib[=o]rion_, the seed-vessel of the Egyptian bean.]
CICADA, si-k[=a]'da, CICALA, si-k[=a]'la, _n._ an insect remarkable for its
chirping sound. [L. _cicada_.]
CICATRIX, sik-[=a]'triks, or sik'a-triks, _n._ the scar over a wound after
it is healed--also CIC'ATRICE: scar in the bark of a tree: (_Shak._) mark,
impression.--_ns._ CICATRIC'ULA, the germinating point in the yolk of an
egg; CICATRIS[=A]'TION, the process of healing over.--_v.t._ CIC'ATRISE, to
help the formation of a cicatrix on a wound or ulcer: to scar.--_v.i._ to
heal. [Fr.,--L. _cicatrix_, a scar.]
CICELY, sis'e-li, _n._ a genus of umbelliferous plants nearly allied to
chervil. [L. and Gr. _seseli_.]
CICERONE, chich-er-[=o]'ni, or sis-e-r[=o]'ne, _n._ one who shows strangers
the curiosities of a place: a guide.--_v.i._ to act as cicerone.--_adjs._
CICER[=O]'NIAN, CICERON'IC.--_ns._ CICER[=O]'NIANISM, the character of
Cicero's Latin style; CICERON'ISM, CICERON'AGE, CICERONE'SHIP, the function
of a guide. [It.,--L. _Cicero_, the Roman orator.]
CICISBEO, ch[=e]-ch[=e]s-b[=a]'o, _n._ a married woman's gallant or
_cavaliere servente_ in Italy:--_pl._ CICISBE'I.--_n._ CICISB[=E]'ISM.
[It.]
CICLATOUN. See CHECKLATON.
CICUTA, si-k[=u]'ta, _n._ a genus of umbelliferous plants with poisonous
roots--_water-hemlock_ or _cowbane_. [L., hemlock.]
CID, sid, _n._ a chief, captain, a hero, from the famous 11th-cent.
Castilian warrior against the Moors, styled _el Cid Campeador_, whose real
name was Rodrigo, or Ruy, Diaz (i.e. 'son of Diego'). The name _Cid_ is the
Ar. _seid_, _seiyid_, lord.
CIDER, s[=i]'d[.e]r, _n._ a drink made from apples.--_ns._ C[=I]'DER-AND, a
mixture of cider and other spirits; C[=I]'DER-CUP, a drink of sweetened
cider, with other ingredients; C[=I]'DERKIN, an inferior cider. [Fr.
_cidre_--L.,--Gr. _sikera_, strong drink--Heb. _shakar_, to be
intoxicated.]