CALX, kalks, _n._ chalk or lime: the substance of a metal or mineral which
remains after being subjected to violent heat:--_pl._ CALXES (kalk's[=e]z),
or CALCES (kal's[=e]z). [L. _calx_, lime.]
CALYCANTHUS, kal-i-kan'thus, _n._ a small order of square-stemmed aromatic
shrubs, natives of North America and Japan. [Made up of CALYX and Gr.
_anthos_.]
CALYPTRA, ka-lip'tra, _n._ a hood, covering, esp. that of the theca or
capsule of mosses.--_adjs._ CALYP'TRATE, furnished with such;
CALYP'TRIFORM, CALYPTRIMOR'PHOUS, having the form of a calyptra.--_n._
CALYP'TROGEN, the root-cap. [Gr., a veil.]
CALYX, CALIX, kal'iks, or k[=a]'liks, _n._ the outer covering or cup of a
flower, its separate leaves termed sepals:--_pl._ CALYCES, or
CALYXES.--_adjs._ CAL'YCATE, having a calyx; CALYC[=I]F'EROUS, bearing the
calyx; CALYCIFL[=O]'RAL, CALYCIFL[=O]'RATE, CALYCIFL[=O]'ROUS, having the
petals and stamens borne upon the calyx; CALYC'IFORM, having the form of a
calyx; CAL'YCINE, CALYC'INAL, pertaining to a calyx.--_n._ CAL'YCLE, an
accessory calyx outside the true one.--_adjs._ CAL'YCLED, having a calycle;
CAL'YCOID, CALYCOI'DEOUS, like a calyx. [L.,--Gr. _kalyx_--_kalyptein_, to
cover.]
CAM, kam, _n._ (_mech._) a device for changing a regular rotary motion into
a reciprocating motion, various forms of which are the cam-wheel and shaft,
the heart-wheel, the wiper-wheel, and the eccentric. [Dut. _kam_.]
CAMAIEU, kam'[=i]-[=u], _n._ a cameo: a painting in monochrome, or in
simple colours not imitating nature: a style of printing pictures producing
the effect of a pencil-drawing.--Also CAM'AYEU. [Fr. See CAMEO.]
CAMARADERIE, kam-a-rad-r[=e]', _n._ good-fellowship: the intimacy of
comradeship. [Fr.]
CAMARILLA, kam-ar-il'a, _n._ a body of secret intriguers, esp. of a court
party against a king's legitimate ministers: a small room. [Sp. dim. of
_camara_, a chamber.]
CAMASS, ka-mas', _n._ a small plant growing in the north-western United
States, also its nutritious bulb.--_ns._ CAMASS'IA, a genus of liliaceous
plants nearly related to the European _Scilla_; CAMASS'-RAT, a small gopher
rodent which devours the bulbs of the camass.
CAMBER, kam'b[.e]r, _n._ a convexity upon an upper surface, as of a deck
amidships, a bridge, or lintel: the curve of a ship's plank: a small dock
in the royal yards where timber is loaded and discharged.--_v.t._ to curve
ship-planks, to arch slightly. [Fr.--L. _camer[=a]re_, to vault.]
CAMBIST, kam'bist, _n._ one skilled in the science of exchange.--_ns._
CAM'BISM, CAM'BISTRY. [It--L. _camb[=i]re_, to exchange.]
CAMBERWELL BEAUTY, kam'ber-wel b[=u]'ti, _n._ (_Vanessa antiopa_) a fancy
name for one of the largest and most beautiful of British butterflies.
CAMBIUM, kam'bi-um, _n._ a layer of vascular tissue formed between the wood
and the bark of exogens, in which the annual growth is formed. [Low
L.--_cambium_--L. _camb[=i]re_, to change.]
CAMBOGE, obsolete form of GAMBOGE.
CAMBREL, kam'brel, _n._ a bent piece of wood or iron on which butchers hang
the carcasses of animals: the hock of a horse. [Prob. conn. with CAMBER.]
CAMBRIAN, kam'bri-an, _adj._ pertaining to _Cambria_ or Wales: Welsh: the
name given by Sedgwick in 1836 to a group or series of sedimentary deposits
which come next in order to the Archæan System.--_n._ an inhabitant of
Cambria, or Wales. [Formed from _Cymry_, Welshmen, or _Cymru_, Wales.]
CAMBRIC, k[=a]m'brik, _n._ a kind of fine white linen, originally
manufactured at _Cambrai_ in the French department of Nord.
CAMBUCA, kam-b[=u]'ka, _n._ a pastoral staff: a curved stick used in the
game of pall-mall.--Also CAMBUT'TA. [Low L., of Celt. origin.]
CAME, k[=a]m, did come _pa.t._ of COME.
CAMEL, kam'el, _n._ an animal of Asia and Africa with one or two humps on
its back, used as a beast of burden and for riding.--_adj._ CAM'EL-BACKED,
hump-backed.--_ns._ CAM'ELEER, one who drives or rides a camel; CAM'ELINE,
camlet.--_adj._ CAM'ELISH, like a camel, obstinate.--_n._ CAM'ELRY, troops
mounted on camels.--CAMEL'S HAIR, the hair of the camel: the hair of the
squirrel's tail used for paint-brushes; CAMEL'S THORN, a shrub of the bean
family which camels eat greedily. [L. _camelus_--Gr. _kam[=e]los_--Heb.
_g[=a]m[=a]l_.]
CAMELEON. See CHAMELEON.
CAMELLIA, ka-mel'ya, _n._ a species of evergreen shrubs, natives of China
and Japan, noted for the singular beauty of their flowers. [Named from
Kamel, Latinised _Camellus_, a Moravian Jesuit, who collected plants in the
Philippine Islands in 1639.]
CAMELOPARD, kam'el-[=o]-pärd, or kam-el'[=o]-pärd, _n._ the giraffe.
[L.,--Gr. _cam[=e]lopardalis_; from Gr. _kam[=e]los_, the camel, and
_pardalis_, the panther.]
CAMELOT, kam'lot, _n._ Same as CAMLET.
CAMEO, kam'[=e]-[=o], _n._ an engraved gem in which the figure or subject
is carved in relief. [It. _camméo_ (Fr. _camée_)--Low L. _cammæus_ traced
by Littré to Gr. _kamnein_, to work; by the late Mr C. W. King through an
Ar. form, 'an amulet,' from Pers. _camahen_, loadstone, the usual material
for Babylonian cylinders.]
CAMERA, kam'[.e]r-a, _n._ the variety of camera-obscura used by
photographers.--_ns._ CAM'ERA-L[=U]'CIDA, an instrument by which the rays
of light from an object are reflected by a specially shaped prism, forming
an image on the paper underneath; CAM'ERA-OBSC[=U]'RA, an instrument for
throwing the images of external objects on a white surface placed within a
dark chamber or box. [L.]
CAMERA, kam'[.e]r-a, _n._ a vaulted room: the judge's private chamber (IN
CAMERA, of a case heard there rather than in public court).--_adj._
CAM'ER[=A]TED, divided into chambers: arched or vaulted.
CAMERONIAN, kam-er-[=o]n'i-an, _n._ a follower of the Covenanter Richard
_Cameron_, killed at Airds Moss in 1680, a member of the Reformed
Presbyterian Church.--_adj._ pertaining to this party, or to the famous
Cameronian regiment (26th Foot, now the First Battalion of Scottish Rifles)
in the British army, which had its origin in a body of Cameronians (1689).
CAMIS, kam'is, _n._ (_Spens._) a loose robe made of some light material, as
silk, &c.: a chemise. [See CHEMISE.]
CAMISADE, kam-i-s[=a]d', _n._ a night attack, probably because shirts were
often put on over the armour.--Also CAMISAD'O. [Sp., from _camisa_, a
shirt.]
CAMISARDS, kam'is-ar, _n.pl._ the insurgent Huguenots of the Cevennes, so
called from the _camise_ or blouse worn by the peasants.
CAMISE, kam'[=e]s, _n._ the usual Arab shirt.--Also CAM'ISO, CAM'ESE.
CAMISOLE, kam'is-[=o]l, _n._ a sleeved jacket, a woman's loose morning gown
or jacket.
CAMLET, kam'let, _n._ a cloth originally made of camel's hair, but now
chiefly of wool and goat's hair. [Fr.--Low L. _camelotum_--L. _camelus_.]
CAMOMILE, CHAMOMILE, kam'o-m[=i]l, _n._ a plant, or its dried flowers, used
in medicine, affording a bitter stomachic and tonic. [Fr.--L.--Gr.
_chamaim[=e]lon_, the earth-apple, from the apple-like smell of its
blossoms--_chamai_, on the ground, _m[=e]lon_, an apple.]
CAMORRA, kam-or'a, _n._ the name of a secret society in the former kingdom
of Naples, whose members, the _Camorristi_, for many years terrorised the
country.--_ns._ CAMORR'ISM; CAMORR'IST. [It.]
CAMP, kamp, _n._ the ground on which an army pitch their tents: the tents
of an army, quarters generally, a permanent military station, as at
Aldershot: any fortified site in which a force once defended itself, as a
Roman or British camp: any temporary quarters for travellers, &c.--_v.i._
to encamp or pitch tents.--_ns._ CAMP'-FOLL'OWER, any one who follows in
the train of an army, but takes no part in battle; CAMP'MEET'ING, a
religious gathering held in the open air or in a temporary encampment in
the fields; CAMP'-SHED'DING, -SHEET'ING, -SHOT, an erection of piles, &c.,
along the bank of a river or an embankment, for strengthening; CAMP'-STOOL,
or -BED'STEAD, a portable folding-stool, a trestle-bed. [Fr. _camp_, a
camp--L. _campus_, a plain.]
CAMP, kamp, _n._ (_obs._) conflict: an old form of the game of
football.--_v.i._ to fight, struggle.--_v.i._ CAM'PLE, to wrangle. [A.S.
_camp_, battle; cf. Ger. _kampf_.]
CAMPAGNOL, kam-pa-nyol', _n._ a French name for several species of
field-mice or voles.
CAMPAIGN, kam-p[=a]n', _n._ a large open field or plain: the time during
which an army keeps the field: an excursion into the country: an organised
series of operations in the advocacy of a political or social
cause.--_v.i._ to serve in a campaign.--_ns._ CAMPAGN'A, once equivalent to
_champaign_, now used only of the Campagna, an undulating, mostly
uncultivated and unhealthy plain around Rome; CAMPAIGN'ER, one who has
served in several campaigns. [Fr. _campagne_--L. _campania_--_campus_, a
field.]
CAMPANERO, kam-pa-n[=e]'ro, _n._ one of the South American bell-birds, the
arapunga, &c. [Sp., a bellman.]
CAMPANILE, kam-pan-[=e]'l[=a] (sometimes also kam-pan-[=e]l', and even
kam'pan-il and kam'pan-[=i]l), _n._ a name adopted from the Italian to
signify a bell-tower of the larger kind, and usually applied only to such
as are detached from the church: (_pl._ usually CAMPANILES, but sometimes
the It. CAMPANILI). [It., from _campana_, a bell.]
CAMPANOLOGY, kam-pan-ol'o-ji, _n._ the subject or science of bells or
bell-ringing.--_ns._ CAM'PANIST, CAMPANOL'OGIST, one skilled in the
same.--_adj._ CAMPANOLOG'ICAL. [It. _campana_, a bell, and Gr. _logos_, a
discourse.]
CAMPANULA, kam-pan'[=u]-la, _n._ a genus of flowers, commonly known as
bell-flowers or bells, usually blue or white, the best-known species the
harebell and Scotch bluebell.--The _Canterbury Bells_ is a biennial
species--seen in many florists' varieties.--_adjs._ CAMPAN'IFORM,
CAMPAN'ULATE, CAMPAN'ULAR.--_n._ CAMPANUL[=A]'RIA, a common genus of
Hydroids, with stems simple or branched, the nutritive polyps surrounded by
transparent bell-shaped sheaths. [It. _campana_, a bell.]
CAMPBELLITE, kam'bel-[=i]t, _n._ a follower of Alexander _Campbell_
(1788-1866), founder of the sect known as the 'Disciples of Christ.'
CAMPEACHY, kam'p[=e]ch-i, _adj._ pertaining to the red dye-wood better
known as Logwood, first exported from _Campeachy_ in Yucatan.