CAIMAC, CAIMACAM. See KAIMAKAM.
CAIMAN. Same as CAYMAN.
CAIN, k[=a]n, _n._ a murderer, from _Cain_, who killed his brother Abel
(Gen. iv.).--_adj._ CAIN'-COL'OURED (_Shak._), reddish, the traditional
colour of the hair of Cain and Judas.--_n._ CAIN'ITE, a descendant of Cain:
a member of a 2d-century set of Gnostics who revered Cain and Judas.
CAIN, KAIN, k[=a]n, _n._ in old Scots law, rent paid in kind, esp. in
poultry, &c.--TO PAY THE CAIN, to pay the penalty. [Ir. and Gael, _cáin_,
rent, tax.]
CAINOZOIC, k[=a]-no-z[=o]'ik, _adj._ belonging to the third of the great
periods of geology, the same as the Tertiary (q.v.). [Gr. _kainos_, newly
made, recent, _z[=o]on_, animal.]
CAIQUE, kä-[=e]k', _n._ a light skiff used on the Bosporus: the skiff of a
galley. [Fr.,--Turk. _kaik_, a boat.]
CAIRD, k[=a]rd, _n._ a tramping tinker, a gipsy, a vagrant. [Gael. and Ir.
_ceard_.]
CAIRN, k[=a]rn, _n._ a heap of stones, esp. one raised over a grave, or as
a landmark on a mountain-top.--_n._ CAIRN'GORM-STONE, or simply CAIRNGORM,
a name often given by jewellers to brown or yellow quartz or rock-crystal,
because found among the Cairngorm Mountains in Aberdeenshire. [Celt.
_carn_.]
CAISSON, k[=a]s'on, _n._ a tumbril or ammunition wagon: a chest filled with
explosive materials: a strong case for keeping out the water while the
foundations of a bridge are being built: an apparatus for lifting a vessel
out of the water for repairs or inspection: the pontoon or floating gate
used to close a dry-dock. [Fr., from _caisse_, a case or chest. See CASE.]
CAITIFF, k[=a]'tif, _n._ a mean despicable fellow.--_adj._ mean,
base.--_n._ CAI'TIVE (_Spens._), captive, subject. [O. Fr. _caitif_, (Fr.
_chétif_)--L. _captivus_, a captive--_cap-[)e]re_, to take.]
CAJOLE, ka-j[=o]l', _v.t._ to coax: to cheat by flattery.--_ns._
CAJOLE'MENT, coaxing for the purpose of deluding: wheedling language:
flattery; CAJOL'ER; CAJOL'ERY. [Fr. _cajoler_, to chatter; ety. dub.]
CAJUPUT, kaj'i-put, _n._ a pungent, volatile, aromatic oil, distilled from
the leaves of two trees native to Australia.--Also CAJ'EPUT. [Malay.]
CAKE, k[=a]k, _n._ a piece of dough that is baked: a small loaf of fine
bread: any flattened mass baked, as _pan_-_cake_, &c., or as soap, wax,
tobacco, &c.: a thin hard-baked kind of oaten-bread--whence Scotland is
styled the 'Land of Cakes:' fancy bread, sweetened: a composition of bread
with butter, sugar, spices, currants, raisins, &c., baked into any
form--_plum-cake_, _tea-cake_, _wedding-cake_.--_v.t._ to form into a cake
or hard mass.--_v.i._ to become baked or hardened.--_adj._ CAK'Y.--CAKES
AND ALE, a phrase covering vaguely all the good things of life.--TO TAKE
THE CAKE (_slang_), to carry off the honours, rank first. [Scand. _kaka_;
cog. with Ger. _kuche_, Dut. _koek_.]
CALABAR-BEAN, käl'a-bär-b[=e]n, _n._ the seed of _Physostigma venenosum_,
the ordeal bean of Old Calabar, used in the form of an emulsion in cases of
witchcraft, the accused being plainly innocent if he can throw off the
poison by vomiting.
CALABASH, kal'a-bash, _n._ a tree of tropical America, bearing a large
melon-like fruit, the shell of which, called a calabash, is used for
domestic purposes, as holding liquids, &c. [Fr. _calebasse_--Sp.
_calabaza_--Pers. _kharbuz_, melon.]
CALABOOSE, kal'a-b[=oo]s, _n._ a prison in New Orleans, esp. a common
lock-up. [Sp. _calabozo_, a dungeon.]
CALADIUM, kal-[=a]'di-um, _n._ a genus of plants of the Arum family, with
edible starchy root-stocks. [Latinised from Malay _kél[=a]dy_.]
CALAMANCO, kal-a-mangk'o, _n._ a satin-twilled woollen stuff, checkered or
brocaded in the warp. [Dut. _kalamink_, Ger. _kalmank_, Fr. _calmande_;
origin unknown.]
CALAMANDER, kal'a-man-d[.e]r, _n._ a hard and valuable cabinet-wood of a
brownish colour, with black stripes, brought from India and Ceylon. [Prob.
Singh.]
CALAMARY, kal'a-mar-i, _n._ a popular name applied to numerous forms of
cuttle-fish or Cephalopoda, more esp. to _Loligo vulgaris_.--Also SQUID.
[Sp. _calamar_--Fr. _calmar_--L. _calamarius_, _calamus_, a pen.]
CALAMINE, kal'a-m[=i]n, _n._ an ore consisting essentially of carbonate of
zinc. [Fr.--Low L. _calamina_, most prob. from L. _cadmia_.]
CALAMINT, kal'a-mint, _n._ a genus of Labiate plants closely allied to balm
and thyme. [Fr.--Low L. _calamentum_, through L. from Gr. _kalaminth[=e]_.]
CALAMITE, kal'a-m[=i]t, _n._ a fossil plant abundant in the coal-measures,
believed to be a kind of gigantic horse-tails (_Equisetaceæ_). [Formed from
L. _calamus_, a reed.]
CALAMITY, kal-am'i-ti, _n._ a great misfortune: affliction.--_adj._
CALAM'ITOUS, making wretched, disastrous.--_adv._ CALAM'ITOUSLY, in a
calamitous manner.--_n._ CALAM'ITOUSNESS, the quality of producing
distress: distress: misery. [Fr. _calamité_--L. _calamitat-em_.]
CALAMUS, kal'a-mus, _n._ the traditional name of the sweet flag, which is
no doubt the _Calamus aromaticus_ of Roman authors, and probably the sweet
calamus and sweet cane of Scripture, but not the fragrant lemon-grass of
India: a genus of palms whose stems make canes or rattans: the reed pen
used by the ancients in writing. [L.--Gr.]
CALASH, ka-lash', _n._ a light low-wheeled carriage with a folding top: a
silk and whalebone hood worn by ladies to shade the face. [Fr. _calèche_;
of Slav. origin, as Bohem. _kolésa_, Russ. _koleso_, a wheel.]
CALAVANCE, kal'a-vans, _n._ a name for certain varieties of pulse.--Also
CAR'AVANCE. [Sp. _garbanzo_, chickpea, said to be the Basque _garbantzu_.]
CALCANEUM, kal-k[=a]'n[=e]-um, _n._ a bone of the tarsus or ankle, forming
in man the prominence of the heel, the _os calcis_: in birds, the
hypotarsus.--_adjs._ CALC[=A]'NEAL, CALC[=A]'NEAN. [L., the heel--_calx_,
the heel.]
CALCAR, kal'kar, _n._ (_bot._) a spur or spur-like projection, esp. from
the base of a petal: (_anat._) an eminence in the lateral ventricles of the
brain, the hippocampus minor or calcar avis.--_adjs._ CAL'CARATE;
CALCAR'IFORM; CAL'CARINE. [L., a spur--_calx_, _calcis_, the heel.]
CALCAR, kal'kar, _n._ an oven or furnace for calcining the materials of
frit before melting--also _Fritting-furnace_: an arch or oven for
annealing.
CALCAREOUS, kal-k[=a]'re-us, _adj._ like or containing chalk or lime,
whether waters, rocks, or soils.--_n._ CALC[=A]'REOUSNESS.--_adj._
CALCARIF'EROUS, better CALCIF'EROUS, containing lime. [L. _calcarius_, from
_calx_, lime.]
CALCEAMENTUM, kal-s[=e]-a-men'tum, _n._ a red silk embroidered sandal
forming part of the insignia of the Holy Roman Empire. [L.]
CALCED, kalst, _adj._ shod, wearing shoes--opp. to _Discalced_--of
Carmelites.--_v.t._ CAL'C[=E]ATE, to shoe.--_adjs._ CAL'C[=E]ATE, -D, shod;
CAL'C[=E]IFORM (_bot._), having the form of a slipper; CAL'C[=E]OLATE,
calceiform. [Low L. _calceus_, a shoe--_calx_, _calcis_, the heel.]
CALCEOLARIA, kal-se-o-l[=a]'ri-a, _n._ a South American genus of
_Scrophulariaceæ_, largely cultivated as half-hardy or greenhouse plants
for the beauty and variety in colour of the two-lipped slipper-like
flowers. [L. _calceolus_, dim. of _calceus_, a shoe.]
CALCIUM, kal'si-um, _n._ the metal present in chalk, stucco, and other
compounds of lime.--_adjs._ CAL'CIC, containing calcium; CAL'CIFIC,
calcifying or calcified.--_v.i._ CAL'CIFIC[=A]'TION, the process of
calcifying, a changing into lime.--_adjs._ CAL'CIFORM, like chalk, pebbly;
CALCIF'UGOUS, avoiding limestone.--_v.t._ and _v.i._ CAL'CIFY, to make
calcic: to turn into bony tissue.--_adjs._ CALCIG'ENOUS, forming lime;
CALCIG'EROUS, containing lime.--_n._ CAL'CIMINE, a white or tinted wash for
ceilings, walls, &c., consisting of whiting, with glue, &c.--_v.t._ to wash
with such.--_adj._ CAL'CINABLE, capable of being calcined.--_n._
CALCIN[=A]'TION.--_v.t._ CAL'CINE, or CALCINE', to reduce to a calx or
chalky powder by the action of heat, to burn to ashes.--_v.i._ to become a
calx or powder by heat.--_ns._ CAL'CITE, native calcium carbonate, or
carbonate of lime--also called CALC[=A]'REOUS SPAR and CALC'SPAR;
CALC'-SIN'TER, CALC'-TUFF, TRA'VERTIN, a porous deposit from springs or
rivers which in flowing through limestone rocks have become charged with
calcium carbonate. [Formed from L. _calx_, chalk.]
CALCOGRAPHY. See CHALCOGRAPHY.
CALCULATE, kal'k[=u]-l[=a]t, _v.t._ to count or reckon: to think out: to
adapt, fit (only passive, with _for_): (_U.S._) to think, purpose.--_v.i._
to make a calculation: to estimate.--_adjs._ CAL'CULABLE; CAL'CULATING,
given to forethought, deliberately selfish and scheming.--_n._
CALCUL[=A]'TION, the art or process of calculating: estimate:
forecast.--_adj._ CAL'CUL[=A]TIVE, relating to calculation.--_n._
CAL'CUL[=A]TOR, one who calculates. [L. _calcul[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_, to
reckon by help of little stones--_calculus_, dim. of _calx_, a little
stone.]
CALCULUS, kal'k[=u]-lus, _n._ a stone-like concretion which forms in
certain parts of the body: one of the higher branches of
mathematics:--_pl._ CALCULI (kal'k[=u]-li).--_adj._ CAL'CULOSE, stony or
like stone: gritty: affected with stone or with gravel.--CALCULUS OF FINITE
DIFFERENCES not merely does not consider differentials, but does not assume
continuity.--DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS, a method of treating the values of
ratios of differentials or the increments of quantities continually
varying; INTEGRAL CALCULUS, the summation of an infinite series of
differentials. [L.--_calx_.]
CALDRON. Same as CAULDRON.
CALEDONIAN, kal-e-d[=o]'ni-an, _adj._ pertaining to _Caledonia_, or
Scotland.--_n._ a Scotchman.
CALEFACTION, kal-e-fak'shun, _adj._ act of heating: state of being
heated.--_adj._ CALEF[=A]'CIENT, warming.--_n._ anything that warms: a
blister or superficial stimulant.--_adj._ CALEFAC'TIVE, communicating
heat.--_n._ CALEFAC'TOR, a small stove.--_adj._ CALEFAC'TORY,
warming.--_n._ a room in which monks warmed themselves: a warming-pan, a
pome.--_v.t._ and _v.i._ CAL'EFY, to grow warm: to make warm.--_n._
CALES'CENCE, increasing warmth. [L.,--_cal[=e]re_, to grow hot,
_fac[)e]re_, to make.]
CALENDAR, kal'en-dar, _n._ the mode of adjusting the natural divisions of
time with respect to each other for the purposes of civil life: an almanac
or table of months, days, and seasons, or of special facts, &c., as in the
'gardener's calendar,' &c.: a list of documents arranged chronologically
with summaries of contents, as in 'calendar of state papers:' a list of
canonised saints, or of prisoners awaiting trial: any list or
record.--_v.t._ to place in a list: to analyse and index.--_ns._
CAL'ENDARER, CAL'ENDARIST. [O. Fr. _calendier_--L. _calendarium_, an
account-book, _kalendæ_, calends.]
CALENDER, kal'en-d[.e]r, _n._ a press consisting of two rollers for
smoothing and dressing cloth, paper, &c.: a person who calenders, properly
a calendrer.--_v.t._ to dress in a calender.--_ns._ CAL'ENDERING;
CAL'ENDRER, one whose business it is to calender cloth; CAL'ENDRY, a place
where calendering is done. [Fr. _calandre_--L. _cylindrus_--L.
_kylindros_.]
CALENDER, kal'en-d[.e]r, _n._ a word somewhat loosely used for dervish in
Persia and Central Asia. [Pers.]
CALENDS, kal'endz, _n._ among the Romans, the first day of each month. [L.
_Kalendæ_--_cal[)a]re_, Gr. _kalein_, to call, because the beginning of the
month was proclaimed.]
CALENTURE, kal'en-t[=u]r, _n._ a kind of fever or delirium occurring on
board ship in hot climates. [Fr. and Sp.--L. _calent-em_, _cal[=e]re_, to
be hot.]
CALESCENCE. See CALEFACTION.
CALF, käf, _n._ the young of the cow and of some other animals, as marine
mammals: calf-skin leather, bookbinding in such: a stupid or a cowardly
person:--_pl._ CALVES (kävz).--_ns._ CALF'-LOVE, an attachment between a
boy and girl; CALF'S'-FOOT, CALVES'-FOOT, the foot of the calf, used in
making a palatable jelly; CALF'-SKIN, the skin of the calf, making a good
leather for bookbinding and shoes.--DIVINITY CALF, a dark-brown calf
bookbinding, with blind stamping, and without gilding--common in the
binding of theological books; GOLDEN CALF, the idol set up by Aaron during
the absence of Moses on Sinai, or those erected by Jeroboam at Bethel and
Dan: worship of Mammon or wealth; HALF-CALF, a bookbinding in which the
back and corners are in calf-skin; MOTTLED CALF, a light coloured
bookbinding, decorated by the sprinkling of acid in drops; SMOOTH CALF, a
binding in plain or undecorated calf leather.--THE CALVES OF OUR LIPS
(Hosea, xiv. 2), an offering of praise (the Septuagint reads, 'The fruit of
our lips').--TREE CALF, a bright brown calf bookbinding, stained by acids
with a pattern resembling the trunk and branches of a tree. [A.S. _cealf_;
Ger. _kalb_.]
CALF, käf, _n._ the thick fleshy part of the leg behind.--_adj._ CALF'LESS,
with a thin, poor calf. [Ice. _kalfi_; perh. the same word as the
preceding.]
CALIBAN, kal'i-ban, _n._ a man of beastly nature, from the monster in
Shakespeare's _Tempest_.
CALIBRE, CALIBER, kal'i-b[.e]r, _n._ the size of the bore of a gun:
diameter: intellectual capacity.--_adj._ CAL'IBERED.--_v.t._ CAL'IBR[=A]TE,
to determine the calibre of.--_n._ CALIBR[=A]'TION. [Fr. _calibre_, the
bore of a gun; prob. L. _qu[=a] libr[=a]_, with what weight, or from Ar.
_q[=a]lib_, a form.]
CALICO, kal'i-k[=o], _n._ a cotton cloth, first brought from _Calicut_ in
India: plain white unprinted cotton cloth, bleached or unbleached: coarse
printed cotton cloth.--_adj._ made of calico: spotted--_n._
CAL'ICO-PRINT'ER, one employed in printing calicoes.