ARRIVE, ar-r[=i]v', _v.i._ to reach any place: to attain to any object
(with _at_).--_ns._ ARR[=I]V'AL, the act of arriving: persons or things
that arrive; ARR[=I]V'ANCE (_Shak._), company arriving. [O. Fr.
_ariver_--Low L. _adrip[=a]re_--L. _ad_, to, _ripa_, a bank.]
ARROBA, a-r[=o]'ba, _n._ a weight of 25 or more pounds, used in Spanish and
Portuguese regions. [Ar.]
ARROGATE, ar'rog-[=a]t, _v.t._ to claim as one's own: to claim proudly or
unduly.--_ns._ AR'ROGANCE, AR'ROGANCY, undue assumption of
importance.--_adj._ AR'ROGANT, claiming too much: overbearing.--_adv._
AR'ROGANTLY.--_n._ ARROG[=A]'TION, act of arrogating: undue assumption. [L.
_arrog[=a]re_--_ad_, to, _rog[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_, to ask, to claim.]
ARRONDISSEMENT, ar-ron'd[=e]s-mäng, _n._ a subdivision of a French
department, comprising a number of communes. [Fr.--_arrondir_, to make
round.]
ARROW, ar'r[=o], _n._ a straight, pointed weapon, made to be shot from a
bow: any arrow-shaped pin or ornament: the chief shoot of a plant, esp. the
flowering stem of the sugar-cane.--_n._ AR'ROW-HEAD, the head or pointed
part of an arrow: an aquatic plant native to England, with arrow-shaped
leaves rising above the water--reputed good for hydrophobia.--_adj._
AR'ROW-HEAD'ED, shaped like the head of an arrow.--_n._ AR'ROW-SHOT, the
distance traversed by an arrow.--_adj._ AR'ROWY, of or like arrows. [A.S.
_earh_, _arwe_; cog. with L. _arcus_; akin to Ice. _ör_, _örvar_.]
ARROWROOT, ar'r[=o]-r[=oo]t, _n._ a starch obtained from the roots of
certain plants growing chiefly in West Indies, and much used as food for
invalids and children. [Said to be so named because used by the Indians of
South America as an antidote against wounds caused by poisoned _arrows_.]
'ARRY, ar'i, _n._ a jovial vulgar fellow who drops his h's:--_fem._
'AR'RIET.--_adj._ 'AR'RYISH, in holiday spirits. [From the vulgar Cockney
pronunciation of _Harry_.]
ARSE, ärs, _n._ the posterior parts of an animal.--_adv._ and _adj._
ARS'Y-VERS'Y, backside foremost, contrary. [A.S. _ears_; Ger. _arsch_, Sw.
_ars_; cog. with Gr. _orros_.]
ARSENAL, är'se-nal, _n._ a dock possessing naval stores: a public magazine
or manufactory of naval and military stores. [It. _arzenale_, _arsenale_
(Sp., Fr. _arsenal_)--Ar. _d[=a]r aççin[=a]`ah_, workshop; _d[=a]r_, house,
_al_, the, _cin[=a]`ah_, art.]
ARSENIC, ar'sen-ik, _n._ one of the chemical elements: a mineral poison: a
soft, gray-coloured metal.--_ns._ AR'SENATE, ARS[=E]'NIATE, a salt of
arsenic acid.--_adjs._ ARSEN'IC, -AL, composed of or containing arsenic: in
chemistry, applied to compounds; ARS[=E]'NIOUS, of or containing
arsenic.--_n._ AR'SENITE, a salt of arsenious acid. [Gr. _arsenikon_,
_arsen_, male; the alchemists fancied some metals male, others female.]
ARSIS, ar'sis, _n._ grammatical term applied to the elevation of the voice
to a higher pitch in speaking: (_mus._) the strong position in a bar: the
strong syllable in English metre:--_pl._ AR'S[=E]S. [L.--Gr.
_arsis_--_airein_, to lift.]
ARSON, ärs'on, _n._ the crime of wilfully burning houses or other
buildings.--_ns._ AR'SONITE, AR'SONIST (_rare_). [O. Fr. _arson_--L.
_arsion-em_, _ard[=e]re_, _arsum_, to burn.]
ART, ärt, 2d pers. sing. of the present tense of the verb _To be_. [A.S.
_eart._]
ART, ärt, _n._ practical skill guided by rules: human skill as opposed to
nature: skill as applied to subjects of taste, the fine arts--music,
painting, sculpture, architecture, and poetry: (_pl._) specially used of
certain branches of learning to be acquired as necessary for pursuit of
higher studies, or for the work of life, as in phrase 'faculty of arts,
master of arts:' the rules and methods of doing certain actions: a
profession, skilled trade, or craft: contrivance: cunning, artfulness, or
address: artifice, special faculty of some kind acquired by practice,
skill, dexterity, knack: special faculty of giving expression to æsthetic
or artistic quality, as in _art-furniture_, &c., supposed, by the buyer, in
this respect, to justify its price.--_adj._ ART'FUL, full of art: (_arch._)
dexterous, clever: cunning: produced by art.--_adv._ ART'FULLY.--_n._
ART'FULNESS.--_adj._ ART'LESS, simple: (_rare_) inartistic: guileless,
unaffected.--_adv._ ART'LESSLY.--_ns._ ART'LESSNESS; ARTS'MAN, one who
cultivates some practical knowledge: (_arch._) a man skilled in arts or in
learning.--_n.pl._ ART'-UN'IONS, associations having for their object the
promotion of an interest in the fine arts.--ART AND PART, as in the phrase
'to be art and part in,' originally in legal expressions like 'to be
concerned in either by art or part'--i.e. either by _art_ in contriving or
by _part_ in actual execution; now loosely used in the sense of
participating, sharing.--USEFUL ARTS as opposed to _Fine arts_, those in
which the hands and body are more concerned than the mind.--SCIENCE and ART
differ essentially in their aims--_Science_, in Mill's words, 'takes
cognisance of a _phenomenon_, and endeavours to ascertain its _law_; _Art_
proposes to itself an _end_, and looks out for means to effect it.' [L.
_ars_, _artis_. See ARM.]
ARTEMISIA, är-t[=e]-miz'i-a, _n._ a genus of composite plants, with a
peculiarly bitter taste, including Wormwood, Southernwood, &c.
ARTERY, är't[.e]r-i, _n._ a tube or vessel which conveys blood from the
heart (see AORTA)--also metaphorically: any main channel of
communication.--_adj._ ART[=E]R'IAL--_v.t._ ART[=E]R'IALISE, to make
arterial.--_ns._ ART[=E]RIOT'OMY, the cutting or opening of an artery, to
let blood; ARTER[=I]'TIS, inflammation of an artery. [L.--Gr. _art[=e]ria_,
orig. the windpipe most probably--Gr. _air-ein_, to raise. The ancient
conception of the artery as an air-duct gave rise to the derivation from
Gr. _a[=e]r_, air.]
ARTESIAN, är-t[=e]'zhan, _adj._ applied to wells made by boring until water
is reached. [From _Artois_ (L. _Artesium_), in the north of France, where
the oldest known well of this kind in Europe was sunk in 1126.]
ARTHRITIS, ar-thr[=i]'tis, _n._ inflammation of a joint: gout.--_adj._
ARTHRIT'IC, relating to or affecting the joints: gouty. [Gr.
_arthritikos_--_arthron_, a joint.]
ARTHROPODA, ar-throp'od-a, _n.pl._ a great division of the animal kingdom,
the body consisting of a definite number of segments, each having a pair of
hollow jointed limbs into which the body muscles proceed. It again divides
into two great groups--the water-breathers or Branchiata, and the
air-breathers or Tracheata.--_adj._ ARTHROP'ODAL. [Gr. _arthron_, joint,
and _pous_, _pod-os_, a foot.]
ARTICHOKE, är'ti-ch[=o]k, _n._ a thistle-like, perennial, eatable plant
with large scaly heads, like the cone of the pine, now growing wild in the
south of Europe, though probably a native of Asia.--JERUSALEM ARTICHOKE, a
totally different plant, a species of sunflower, bearing tubers like those
of the potato, Jerusalem being a corr. of It. _girasole_ ('turn-sun'),
sunflower. By a quibble on Jerusalem, the soup made from it is called
_Palestine soup_. [Old It. _articiocco_ (It. _carciofo_)--Old Sp.
_alcarchofa_--Ar. _al_-_kharsh[=o]fa_, _al-kharshuf_. Popular definitions
are many--e.g. the plant that _chokes_ the _garden_ or the _heart_.]
ARTICLE, ärt'i-kl, _n._ a separate element, member, or part of anything: a
particular substance: a single clause or term: a distinct point in an
agreement, or an agreement looked at as complete, as in 'articles of
apprenticeship,' &c.: rules or conditions generally: a section of any
document: a literary composition in a journal, newspaper, encyclopædia,
&c., treating of a subject distinctly and independently: (_gram._) the name
given to the adjectives _the_ (definite article) and _a_ or _an_
(indefinite article).--_v.t._ to draw up or bind by articles: to indict,
charge with specific accusations: bind by articles of
apprenticeship.--_adj._ ARTIC'ULAR, belonging to the joints.--ARTICLES OF
ASSOCIATION, regulations for the business of a joint-stock company
registered under the Companies Acts; ARTICLES OF FAITH, binding statement
of points held by a particular Church; ARTICLES OF WAR, code of regulations
for the government and discipline of the army and navy.--IN THE ARTICLE OF
DEATH (L. _in articulo mortis_), at the point of death.--LORDS OF THE
ARTICLES, a standing committee of the Scottish parliament who drafted the
measures to be submitted.--THE THIRTY-NINE ARTICLES, the articles of
religious belief finally agreed upon by the entire bishops and clergy of
the Church of England in 1562. [L. _articulus_, a little joint--_artus_, a
joint.]
ARTICULATA, är-tik-[=u]-l[=a]'ta, _n._ one of the great primary divisions
of the animal kingdom, according to Cuvier, including those animals of
which the body is divided into a number of distinct joints--viz. the higher
worms or Annelids, and also the Insects, Crustaceans, Arachnids, and
Myriopods.
ARTICULATE, är-tik'[=u]l-[=a]t, _adj._ distinct: clear.--_v.t._ to joint:
to form into distinct sounds, syllables, or words.--_v.i._ to speak
distinctly.--_adv._ ARTIC'ULATELY.--_ns._ ARTIC'ULATENESS;
ARTICUL[=A]'TION, a joining as of the bones: part between two joints:
distinctness, or distinct utterance: a consonant; ARTIC'ULATOR, one who
articulates or speaks: one who articulates bones and mounts skeletons. [L.
_articul[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_, to furnish with joints, to utter distinctly.
See ARTICLE.]
ARTIFICE, art'i-fis, _n._ artificer's work: a contrivance: a trick or
fraud.--_n._ ARTIF'ICER, a workman: an inventor.--_adj._ ARTIFICIAL
(ärt-i-fish'yal), made by art: not natural: cultivated: not indigenous:
feigned: not natural in manners, affected.--_v.t._ and _v.i._
ARTIFIC'IALISE, to render artificial.--_ns._ ARTIFICIAL'ITY,
ARTIFIC'IALNESS.--_adv._ ARTIFIC'IALLY. [L. _artificium_--_artifex_,
_-ficis_, an artificer--_ars_, _artis_, and _fac[)e]re_, to make.]
ARTILLERY, är-til'[.e]r-i, _n._ offensive weapons of war, esp. cannon,
mortars, &c.: the men who manage them: a branch of the military service:
gunnery.--_ns._ ARTILL'ERIST, one skilled in artillery or gunnery;
ARTILL'ERY-MAN, a soldier of the artillery. [O. Fr. _artillerie_,
_artiller_, to arm; through a supposed Low L. _artill[=a]re_--L. _ars_,
_artis_, art.]
ARTIODACTYLA, är-ti-o-dak'til-a, _n._ a sub-order of the great mammalian
order of Ungulata, having the third digit unsymmetrical in itself, but
forming a symmetrical pair with the fourth digit--as distinguished from the
_Perissodactyla_ (horse, tapir, rhinoceros), which have the third digit of
each limb symmetrical in itself, an odd number of digits on the hind-foot,
and at least twenty-two dorso-lumbar vertebræ. The Artiodactyla, again,
divide into two groups, the Non-Ruminantia and the Ruminantia.
ARTISAN, ärt'i-zan, _n._ one skilled in any art or trade: a mechanic.
[Fr.--It. _artigiano_, ult. from L. _artitus_, skilled in the arts--_ars_,
_artis_, art.]
ARTIST, ärt'ist, _n._ one who practises an art, esp. one of the fine arts,
as painting, sculpture, engraving, or architecture.--_adjs._ ARTIST'IC,
-AL, according to art.--_adv._ ARTIST'ICALLY.--_n._ ART'ISTRY, artistic
pursuits: artistic workmanship, quality, or ability. [Fr. _artiste_, It.
_artista_--L. _ars_, _artis_, art.]
ARTISTE, är-t[=e]st', _n._ one dexterous or tasteful in any art, as an
opera dancer, a cook, a hairdresser, &c. [Fr.]
ART-UNION. See ART.
ARUM, [=a]'rum, _n._ a genus of plants represented in England by the
Cuckoo-pint or Wake Robin (_A. maculatum_), whose root yields a wholesome
farina known as Portland Sago or Arrowroot. [L.--Gr. _aron_.]
ARUNDINACEOUS, a-run-di-n[=a]'shus, _adj._ relating to or like a
reed.--Also ARUNDIN'EOUS. [L. _arundinaceus_--_arundo_, a reed.]
ARUSPEX, ARUSPICE, ARUSPICY. See HARUSPEX.
ARVICOLA, är-vik'[=o]-lä, _n._ the general name of the family of animals to
which belong the water-vole and field-vole. [Coined from L. _arvum_, a
field, _col[)e]-re_, to inhabit.]
ARY, ä'ri, e'ri, _adj._ (_prov._) any. [A modification of _e'er a_ for
_ever a_. Cf. NARY.]
ARYAN, ar'i-an, or [=a]'ri-an, _adj._ relating to the family of nations
otherwise called Indo-European (comprehending the inhabitants of
Europe--except the Basques, Turks, Magyars, and Finns--and those of
Armenia, Persia, and North Hindustan), or to their languages--Sanskrit,
Zend, Greek, Latin, Celtic, Teutonic, Slavonic, Lettic.--_v.t._ ARYANISE'.
[L. _arianus_, belonging to _Ariana_ or _Aria_ (Gr. _Areia_), the east part
of Ancient Persia--Sans. _Arya_ (cf. Old Pers. _Ariya_, and _Ir[=a]n_,
Persia), often traced to a root _ar_, plough.]
AS, az, _adv._, _conj._, and _pron._ in that degree, so far, _as ... as_:
the consequent in a co-relation expressing quantity, degree, &c., _as ...
as_, _such ... as_, _same ... as_: since, because: when, while: expressing
merely continuation or expansion, for instance: similarly: for example:
while: in like manner: that, who, which (after _such_, _same_).--AS
CONCERNING, AS TO, AS FOR, so far as concerns; AS IT WERE, so to speak, in
some sort; AS MUCH, the same; AS WELL (AS), just as much (as), equally
(with). [A worn-down form of _all-so_, A.S. _all-swá_, wholly so.]
AS, as, _n._ in Norse mythology, one of the gods, the inhabitants of
_Asgard_:--_pl._ AESIR ([=a]'ser). [Ice. _[=a]ss_, a god (pl. _æsir_)--A.S.
_[=o]s_, seen in such proper names as _Os_wold, _Os_ric.]
AS, as, _n._ Latin unit of weight, 12 ounces (L. _unciæ_): a copper coin,
the unit of the early monetary system of Rome.
ASAFOETIDA, as-a-fet'i-da, _n._ a medicinal gum-resin, having an offensive
smell, procured by drying the milky juice which flows from the root of the
plant _Ferula_ (_Narthex_) _asafoetida_. [Pers. _az[=a]_, mastic, and L.
_foetida_, stinking.]
ÅSAR, [=e]'sar, _n.pl._ the Swedish name for those long, winding banks and
ridges of gravel and sand which occur abundantly in the low grounds of
Sweden, supposed to mark the site of sub-glacial streams and rivers.--These
_åsar_ are the same as the Irish _eskar_ and the Scotch _kames_.
ASARABACCA, as-a-ra-bak'a, _n._ a European plant, a species of _Asarum_,
having acrid properties, formerly used in the preparation of snuffs for
catarrh, &c. [L. _asarum_, _bacca_, a berry.]
ASBESTOS, az-best'os, _n._ an incombustible mineral, a variety of
hornblende, of a fine fibrous texture, resembling flax: (_fig._) anything
unquenchable.--_adjs._ ASBES'TIC, ASBES'TOUS, ASBES'TINE, of or like
asbestos: incombustible. [Gr.; (lit.) unquenchable--_a_, neg., _sbestos_,
extinguished.]
ASCARIS, as'ka-ris, _n._ a genus of parasitic worms, of the family
ASCAR'IDÆ, infesting the small intestines. [Gr. _askaris_, pl.
_askarides_.]
ASCEND, as-send', _v.i._ to climb or mount up: to rise, literally or
figuratively: to go backwards in the order of time.--_v.t._ to climb or go
up on: to mount.--_adjs._ ASCEND'ABLE, ASCEND'IBLE.--ASCENDING RHYTHM, in
prosody, a rhythm in which the arsis follows the thesis, as an iambic or
anapæstic rhythm: opposed to _descending_ rhythms, as the trochaic and
dactylic. [L. _ascend[)e]re_, _ascensum_--_ad_, and _scand[)e]re_, to
climb.]
ASCENSION, as-sen'shun, _n._ a rising or going up.--_adjs._ ASCEND'ANT,
-ENT, superior: above the horizon.--_n._ superiority: (_astrol._) the part
of the ecliptic rising above the horizon at the time of one's birth; it was
supposed to have commanding influence over the person's life, hence the
phrase, 'in the ascendant:' superiority or great influence: (_rare_) an
ancestor.--_n._ ASCEND'ENCY, controlling influence--also ASCEND'ANCY,
ASCEND'ANCE, ASCEND'ENCE (_rare_).--_adj._ ASCEN'SIONAL, relating to
ascension.--_n._ ASCEN'SION-DAY, the festival held on Holy Thursday, ten
days before Whitsunday, to commemorate Christ's _ascension_ to
heaven.--_adj._ ASCEN'SIVE, rising: causing to rise.--_n._ ASCENT', act of
ascending: upward movement, as of a balloon: way of ascending: degree of
elevation or advancement: slope or gradient: a flight of steps.--LINE OF
ASCENT, ancestry.--RIGHT ASCENSION (_astron._), the name applied to one of
the arcs which determine the position relatively to the equator of a
heavenly body on the celestial sphere, the other being the declinator. [L.
_ascensio_--_ascend[)e]re_.]
ASCERTAIN, as-s[.e]r-t[=a]n', _v.t._ to determine: to obtain certain
knowledge of: (_rare_) to insure, certify, make certain.--_adj._
ASCERTAIN'ABLE.--_n._ ASCERTAIN'MENT. [O. Fr. _acertener_. See CERTAIN.]
ASCETIC, as-set'ik, _n._ one who rigidly denies himself ordinary sensual
gratifications for conscience' sake, one who aims to compass holiness
through self-mortification, the flesh being considered as the seat of sin,
and therefore to be chastened: a strict hermit.--_adjs._ ASCET'IC, -AL,
excessively rigid: austere: recluse.--_adv._ ASCET'ICALLY.--_n._
ASCET'ICISM. [Gr. _ask[=e]tikos_ (adj. _ask[=e]t[=e]s_), one that uses
exercises to train himself--_askein_, to work, take exercise, (_eccles._)
to mortify the body.]
ASCIAN, ash'yan, _n._ name given to the inhabitants of the torrid zone, who
are shadowless at certain seasons, from the sun being right over their
heads. [Gr. _askios_, shadowless--_a_, neg., _skia_, a shadow.]
ASCIDIANS, a-sid'i-anz, _n.pl._ a group belonging to the tunicate Mollusca,
forming a class of degenerate survivors of ancestral vertebrates,
asymmetrical marine animals with a tubular heart and no feet, of a
double-mouthed flask shape, found at low-water mark on the sea-beach.--_n._
ASCID'IUM, a genus of Ascidians: (_bot._) a pitcher-shaped, leafy
formation, as in the _Nepenthes_. [Gr. _askidion_, dim. of _askos_, a
leathern bag, wine-skin.]
ASCITITIOUS. Same as ADSCITITIOUS.
ASCLEPIAD, as-kl[=e]'pi-ad, ASCLEPIADIC, as-kl[=e]-pi-ad'ik, _n._ in
ancient prosody, a verse consisting of a spondee, two (or three) choriambi,
and an iambus: [--|-uu-|-uu-|u-|]--_adj._ ASCLEPIAD'IC. [_Asclepiad[=e]s_,
a Greek poet.]
ASCLEPIADS, as-kl[=e]'pi-adz, _n.pl._ an order of Greek physicians, priests
of Asclepius or Æsculapius, the god of medicine. [Gr. _askl[=e]pius_,
Asclepius.]
ASCLEPIAS, as-kl[=e]'pi-as, _n._ a genus of plants, native to North
America, giving name to the natural order of the Asclepidaceæ, and
containing the milk-weed, swallow-wort, &c.
ASCRIBE, a-skr[=i]b', _v.t._ to attribute, impute, or assign.--_adj._
ASCRIB'ABLE.--_n._ ASCRIP'TION, act of ascribing or imputing: any
expression of ascribing, or any formula for such, like the one ascribing
glory to God repeated at the end of a sermon. [L. _ascrib[)e]re_,
_-scriptum_--_ad_, to, _scrib-[)e]re_, to write.]