CHAPTER IV

THE EVIDENCE OF THE RESPIRATORY APPARATUS

Branchiæ considered as internal branchial appendages--Innervation of

branchial segments--Cranial region older than spinal--Three-root

system of cranial nerves: dorsal, lateral, ventral--Explanation of van

Wijhe's segments--Lateral mixed root is appendage-nerve of

invertebrate--The branchial chamber of Ammocoetes--The branchial

unit, not a pouch but an appendage--The origin of the branchial

musculature--The branchial circulation--The branchial heart of the

vertebrate--Not homologous with the systemic heart of the arthropod--

Its formation from two longitudinal venous sinuses--Summary 148

The Origin of Vertebrates · 第 4 / 24 章