AT THE TOMB OF NAPOLEON
ONE of these notable events was the visit of General Pershing to the
Hotel des Invalides in which is the tomb of the most brilliant soldier
of all history--Napoleon Bonaparte. General Galterre and General Niox,
the latter in charge of the famous monument, received the American
General and his staff when they arrived at the marvelous building.
An interesting incident that was reported as having occurred directly
after the entrance of the party was the spontaneous action of General
Pershing, when his party met some of the aged veterans of the former
wars of the French. Impulsively stopping when he was saluted by a bent
and aged soldier who had seen service in the Crimean War, General
Pershing shook the old soldier by his hand as he said, "It is a great
honor for a young soldier like myself to press the hand of an old
soldier like yourself who has seen such glorious service." This natural
and impulsive action by the American is said to have deeply touched not
only the Crimean veteran, but also all who saw it and even more those
who later heard of it, for the simple act was soon a topic of
conversation among the already deeply enthused people of Paris.
The American soldiers were conducted first to the great rotunda where
one can stand, and, looking down, see the tomb of Napoleon resting in
eloquent silence in the sarcophagus beneath. But the Commander of the
American Expeditionary forces was to have a still more distinctive
honor--he was to be taken into the crypt itself. How much of an honor
the French consider this may be judged from the fact that in addition to
the crowned heads of Europe that had been admitted there, Ex-President
Theodore Roosevelt is the only other American previously taken to this
spot. It was also a part of the directions which Napoleon himself had
left that only a Marshal of France was to remain uncovered in the
presence of the Little Corporal of Corsica.
Naturally the American soldiers followed this precedent and it was
Marshal Joffre himself who led them to the crypt. The door is immense
and heavy, and made of brass. Just before the great key was inserted in
the lock and the massive door was slowly to swing open, Marshal Joffre
and General Niox left General Pershing alone before it. Those who saw
him report that General Pershing drew a deep breath and then without
confusion or delay quickly turned the key in the lock of the great brass
door.
In a small alcove within the crypt was the case which held Napoleon's
sword. General Niox quietly unlocked this case and took out the famous
sword and kissed it. Then he extended the sword to the American soldier.
General Pershing received the weapon, for an instant held it at salute
and then he too kissed the hilt. One cannot help wondering whether the
impressive moment suggested to the General the mighty contrast between
the aims of Napoleon and those which were guiding the United States in
the desperate war in which she now was to share. Brilliant as Napoleon
was, mighty strategist and soldier that he proved himself to be, it is
difficult even for his warmest admirers to defend the principles (or
explain the lack of them) that controlled him in his campaigns. On the
other hand, Pershing was the representative of a nation which was to
fight with its utmost power--not for conquest nor to overthrow its
rivals. Vast sums were to be expended, millions of men were to respond
to the call to the colors--for what? "To make the world a decent place
to live in." The living and the dead met in the crypt of the Hotel des
Invalides, but the aims that animated the two men--one in the early days
of the preceding century, and the other in the year 1917--were as far
removed from each other as the East is from the West.
A ceremony like that with which Napoleon's sword had been extended to
General Pershing was also followed in the case of the cross of the
Legion of Honor, the visitor holding it to his lips a moment and then
passing it back to General Niox. A correspondent writing of the occasion
says: "This was the most signal honor France ever bestowed upon any man.
Before this occasion not even a Frenchman was permitted to hold the
sacred relics in his hands. Kings and princes have been taken to the
crypt that holds the body of the great Emperor, but they only viewed the
sword and cross through the plate glass of the case in which they
rested. The relics had not been touched since the time of Louis
Philippe."
Next followed a formal call upon the American ambassador and then with
lines of soldiers and the music of many military bands he was escorted
to Elysee Palace, where formally he was to be presented to President
Poincare. Still the enthusiasm of the people endeavored to find
expression. Flags and cheers were on every side. Flowers were cast upon
the slowly advancing procession and there were many eager watchers,
young and old alike, down whose cheeks unchecked tears were falling.
The occasion was formal and stately, but its necessary formalities were
not able to repress the deep emotions of the brave and valiant people.
Instead of the enthusiasm dying away it almost seemed as if it had
increased in volume when General Pershing entered the diplomatic box
that afternoon in the Chamber of Deputies. Premier Ribot was addressing
the body when the General quietly and without any ostentation took the
seat assigned him.
Speedily, however, the arrival of the American General became known in
the chamber. The deputies leaped to their feet and cheered and then
remained standing and continued their cheering. General Pershing was at
last compelled to rise and bow to the assembly in acknowledgment of the
remarkable greeting which he had received. Then the packed galleries
took up the same theme. "Vive l'Amerique!" resounded loud and long and
then was repeated again and again, as if the grateful spectators were
fearful lest their former attempts to express their feelings had not
been adequate. And all this applause was against every tradition and
custom of the dignified Chamber of Deputies.
At last it was possible for the Premier to continue his address, but no
longer was he speaking of Greece, as he had been when the Americans had
entered, he now was doing his utmost to portray the might and the
unselfish devotion of the nation across the sea whose leading soldier
was now not only with them in soul, but also in body. He closed his
eloquent address by quoting the words of President Wilson, "The day has
come to conquer or submit. We will not submit; we will vanquish."
M. Viviani, who recently had visited the United States, was the speaker
to follow the Premier. Eloquent, earnest, devoted--there is no one to
whose words the Chamber usually is more willing to listen. Viviani at
this time also spoke of the United States--its people, its President,
its Army and its help, enlarging particularly on the principles for
which both France and America were fighting.
When the eloquent speaker ended his address, almost as if the impulse
had been kept too long under control, the Deputies again rose and
cheered and continued their cheering for General Pershing, until at last
once more he was compelled to rise and bow in his acknowledgment of the
remarkable ovation he had received. And the cheers continued after he
had gone.
Before the people of Paris, Joffre and Pershing stood together, each
bare-headed, on the morning of June 15th. They were on the balcony of
the Military Club. In the Place de l'Opera was a crowd assembled to do
honor to the two military leaders--a public reception by the city. The
wild cheering rose in waves. The excitement was intense. The hopes of
the people, who, as one distinguished Frenchman said, "had surprised not
only the world, but also their own nation by their bravery,
determination and heroic endurance," were now keyed to the highest
pitch. America was coming. Nay, America is here in the person of its
commander, whose Alsatian ancestors years before had found a home in
America. Surely the peoples were indeed one. "Vive l'Amerique!" "Vive
Joffre!" "Vive Pershing!" It almost seemed as if the cheering would
never stop.
A correspondent describes what occurred in a momentary lull in the
tumult. A young girl, excited, ardent, patriotic, in a clear call, was
distinctly heard above the cries of the vast assembly as she shouted,
"Vive Joffre, who saved us from defeat! Vive Pershing, who brings us
victory!"
Instantly the crowd responded and for a moment it seemed as if the
excitement would break all bounds. The applause became deafening. The
vast assemblage took up the moving words of the unknown young girl.
"Vive Joffre!" "Vive Pershing!" rose in a wild cry of joy and hope.
Indeed, long after the two soldiers had withdrawn and the balcony of the
Military Club was no longer occupied, the enthusiastic crowd refused to
depart and the streets still resounded with "Vive Joffre!" "Vive
Pershing!" Pleased General Pershing must have been by the wild
demonstration of the affection and hope, and yet he must also have been
made intensely serious by the appeal of two great peoples to lead them
to a victory that should forever put an end to the savagery and the
cruelty which the German nation, wherever it touched the world through
its army, was manifesting as the controlling motive in its life.