'Now after the death of Moses the servant of the Lord it came to pass,
that the Lord spake unto Joshua the son of Nun, Moses' minister,
saying, 2. Moses My servant is dead: now therefore arise, go over this
Jordan, thou, and all this people, unto the land which I do give to
them, even to the children of Israel. 3. Every place that the sole of
your foot shall tread upon, that have I given unto you, as I said unto
Moses. 4. From the wilderness and this Lebanon even unto the great
river, the river Euphrates, all the land of the Hittites, and unto the
great sea, toward the going down of the sun, shall be your coast. 5.
There shall not any man be able to stand before thee all the days of
thy life; as I was with Moses, so I will be with thee: I will not fail
thee, nor forsake thee. 6. Be strong and of a good courage; for unto
this people shalt thou divide for an inheritance the land which I sware
unto their fathers to give them. 7. Only be thou strong and very
courageous, that thou mayest observe to do according to all the law,
which Moses My servant commanded thee: turn not from it to the right
hand or to the left, that thou mayest prosper whithersoever thou goest.
8. This book of the law shall not depart out of thy mouth; but thou
shalt meditate therein day and night, that thou mayest observe to do
according to all that is written therein: for then thou shalt make thy
way prosperous, and then thou shalt have good success. 9. Have not I
commanded thee? Be strong and of a good courage; be not afraid, neither
be thou dismayed: for the Lord thy God is with thee whithersoever thou
goest. 10. Then Joshua commanded the officers of the people, saying,
11. Pass through the host, and command the people, saying, Prepare you
victuals; for within three days ye shall pass over this Jordan, to go
in to possess the land, which the Lord your God giveth you to possess
it.'--JOSHUA I. 1-11.
The closest connection exists between Deuteronomy and Joshua. The
narrative may be read as running on without a break. It turns away from
the lonely grave up on the mountain to the bustling camp and the new
leader. No man is indispensable. God's work goes on uninterrupted. The
instruments are changed, but the Master-hand is the same, and lays one
tool aside and takes another out of the tool-chest as He will. Moses is
dead,--what then? Does his death paralyse the march of the tribes? No;
it is but the ground for the ringing command, 'Therefore arise, go over
this Jordan.' The immediate installation of his successor, and the
uninterrupted continuance of the advance, do not mean that Moses is not
honoured or is forgotten, for the narrative lovingly links his
honorific title, 'the servant of the Lord,' with the mention of his
death; and God Himself does the same, for he is thrice referred to in
the divine command to Joshua, as the recipient of the promise of the
conquest, as the example of the highest experience of God's
all-sufficing companionship, and as the medium by which Israel received
the law. Joshua steps into the empty place, receives the same great
promise, is assured of the same Presence, and is to obey the same law.
The change of leaders is great, but nothing else is changed; and even
it is not so great as faint hearts in their sorrow are apt to think,
for the real Leader lives, and Moses and Joshua alike are but the
transmitters of His orders and His aids to Israel.
The first command given to Joshua was a trial of his faith, for 'Jordan
was in flood' (Joshua iii. 15),--and how was that crowd to get across,
when fords were impassable and ferry-boats were wanting, to say nothing
of the watchful eyes that were upon them from the other bank? To cross
a stream in the face of the enemy is a ticklish operation, even for
modern armies; what must it have been, then, for Joshua and his horde?
Not a hint is given him as to the means by which the crossing is to be
made possible. He has Jehovah's command to do it, and Jehovah's promise
to be with him, and that is to be enough. We too have sometimes to face
undertakings which we cannot see how to carry through; but if we do see
that the path is one appointed by God, and will boldly tread it, we may
be quite sure that, when we come to what at present seems like a
mountain wall across it, we shall find that the glen opens as we
advance, and that there is a way,--narrow, perhaps, and dangerous, but
practicable. 'One step enough for me' should be our motto. We may trust
God not to command impossibilities, nor to lead us into a _cul de sac._
The promise to Moses (Deut. ii. 24) is repeated almost verbally in
verse 4. The boundaries of the land are summarily given as from 'the
wilderness' in the south to 'this Lebanon' in the north, and from the
Euphrates in the east to the Mediterranean in the west. 'The land of
the Hittites' is not found in the original passage in Deuteronomy, and
it seems to be a designation of the territory between Lebanon and the
Euphrates, which we now know to have been the seat of the northern
Hittites, while the southern branch was planted round Hebron and the
surrounding district. But these wide boundaries were not attained till
late in the history, and were not long retained. Did the promise, then,
fail? No, for it, like all the promises, was contingent on conditions,
and Israel's unfaithfulness cut short its extent of territory. We, too,
fail to possess all the land destined for us. Our charter is much wider
than our actual wealth. God gives more than we take, and we are content
to occupy but a corner of the broad land which He has given us. In like
manner Joshua did not realise to the full the following promise of
uniform victory, but was defeated at Ai and elsewhere. The reason was
the same,--the faithlessness of the people. Unbelief and sin turn a
Samson into a weakling, and make Israel flee before the ranks of the
Philistines.
The great encouragement given to Joshua in entering on his hard and
perilous enterprise is twice repeated here: 'As I was with Moses, so
will I be with thee.' Did Joshua remember how, nearly forty years
since, he had fronted the mob of cowards with the very same assurance,
and how the answer had been a shower of stones? The cowards are all
dead,--will their sons believe the assurance now? If we do believe that
God is with us, we shall be ready to cross Jordan in flood, and to meet
the enemies that are waiting on the other bank. If we do not, we shall
not dare greatly, nor succeed in what we attempt. The small successes
of material wealth and gratified ambition may be ours, but for all the
higher duties and nobler conflicts that become a man, the condition of
achievement and victory is steadfast faith in God's presence and help.
That assurance--which we may all have if we cling to Jesus, in whom God
comes to be with every believing soul--is the only basis on which the
command to Joshua, thrice repeated, can wisely or securely be rested.
It is mockery to say to a man conscious of weakness, and knowing that
there are evils which must surely come, and evils which may possibly
come, against which he is powerless, 'Don't be afraid' unless you can
show him good reason why he need not be. And there is only one reason
which can still reasonable dread in a human heart that has to front
'all the ills that flesh is heir to,' and sees behind them all the grim
form of death. He ought to be afraid, unless--unless what? Unless he
has heard and taken into his inmost soul the Voice that said to Joshua,
'I will not fail thee, nor forsake thee: be strong and of a good
courage,' or, still more sweet and peace-bringing, the Voice that said
to the frightened crew of the fishing-boat in the storm and the
darkness,' It is I; be not afraid.' If we know that Christ is with us,
it is wise to be strong and courageous; if we are meeting the tempest
alone, the best thing we can do is to fear, for the fear may drive us
to seek for His help, and He ever stretches out His hand to him who is
afraid, as he ought to be, when he feels the cold water rising above
his knees, and by his very fear is driven to faith, and cries, 'Lord,
save; I perish!'
Courage that does not rest on Christ's presence is audacity rather than
courage, and is sure to collapse, like a pricked bladder, when the
sharp point of a real peril comes in contact with it. If we sit down
and reckon the forces that we have to oppose to the foes that we are
sure to meet, we shall find ourselves unequal to the fight, and, if we
are wise, shall 'send the ambassage' of a humble desire to the great
King, who will come to our help with His all-conquering powers. Then,
and only then, shall we be safe in saying,' I will not fear what man
can do unto me, or devils either,' when we have said,' In God have I
put my trust,' and have heard Him answering, 'I will not fail thee, nor
forsake thee.