xxiv.,) says:—“This insurrection was called the Whigamores’ Raid, from
the word _whig-whig_—that is, _get on, get on_, which is used by the
western peasants in driving their horses—a name destined to become the
distinction of a powerful party in British history.”
In Daniel Defoe’s “Memoirs of the Church of Scotland,” (printed 1717,)
p. 173, speaking of the Covenanters, he says:—“This is the first time
that the name of a _Whigg_ was used in the world—I mean as applied
to a man or to a party of men; and these were the original primitive
_Whiggs_—the name for many years being given to no other people. The
word is said to be taken from a mixed drink the poor men drank in their
wanderings, composed of water and sour milk.”
And Bishop Burnet, who lived nearer to the time in which the nickname
was invented, gives the following explanation of it in the “History of
his own Times,” (p. 26, imperial ed. 1837):—“The southwest counties of
Scotland have seldom corn enough to serve them round the year, and the
northern parts producing more than they need, those in the west came
in the summer to buy at Leith the stores that came from the north; and
from a word _Whiggam_, used in driving their horses, all that drove
were called _Whiggamors_; and, shorter, the _Whiggs_. Now, in that
year, after the news came down of Duke Hamilton’s defeat, the Ministers
animated their people to rise and march to Edinburgh; and they came up
marching on the head of their parishes with an unheard-of fury, praying
and preaching all the way as they came. The Marquis of Argyle and his
party came and headed them, they being about 6,000. This was called the
_Whiggamors_’ inroad; and, ever after that, all that opposed the court
came, in contempt, to be called _Whiggs_; and from Scotland the word
was brought into England, where it is now one of our unhappy terms of
distinction.”
The following description of the Whigs, in some of their risings after
the restoration of Charles II., is taken from a MS. copy of a doggrel
poem, (by Cleland, it is thought,) which the editor presented some
years ago to the Library of the Antiquarian Society of Edinburgh—
“It was in Januar or December,
When I did see the outlaw Whigs
Lye scattered up and down the riggs
Some had hoggers, some straw boots,
Some uncovered leggs and coots;
Some had halbards, some had durks,
Some had crooked swords, like Turks;
Some had slings, and some had flails,
Knit with eel and oxen tails;
Some had speares, some had pikes,
Some had spades which delvit dykes;
Some had guns with roustie ratches,
Some had firie peats for matches;
Some had bows, but wanted arrows,
Some had pistols without marrows;
Some the coulter of a plough,
Some syths had, men and horse to hough;
And some with a Lochaber axe
Resolved to give Dalziell his paiks;
Some had cross-bows, some were slingers,
Some had only knives and whingers;
But most of all, (believe who lists,)
Had nought to fight with but their fists:
They had no colours to display;
They wanted order and array;
Their officers and motion-teachers
Were verie few beside their preachers:
Without horse, or artilzierie pieces,
They thought to imitate the Sweeses,
When from Novarr they sallyed out,
Tremoville and brave Trivulce to rout.
For martial musique everie day
They used oft to sing and pray,
Which chears them more, when danger comes,
Than others’ trumpets and their drums.
With such provision as they had,
They were so stout, or else so madd,
As to petition once again;
And, if the issue proved vain,
They were resolved, with one accord,
To fight the battells of the Lord.”
[388] Vide Documents.
[389] Rushworth, part iv., vol. ii., p. 1282-1289.
[390] Rushworth, part iv., vol. ii., p. 1295.
[391] Rushworth, part iv., vol. ii., p. 1311.
[392] Vide Documents.
[393] Rushworth, part iv., vol. ii., p. 1338.
[394] Ibid. p. 1338-1343.
[395] Rushworth, part iv., vol. ii., p. 1350-1351.
[396] Ibid. p. 1352.
[397] Ibid. p. 1353.
[398] Ibid. p. 1354.
[399] Rushworth, part iv., vol. ii., p. 1358-61.
[400] Ibid. p. 1361.
[401] Ibid. p. 1362.
[402] Rushworth, part iv., vol. ii., p. 1376-80.
[403] Ibid. p. 1382-83.
[404] Rushworth, part iv., vol. ii., p. 1392.
[405] Acts, vol. vi., p. 337.
[406] Ibid. p. 339.
[407] Ibid. p. 341.
[408] Ibid. p. 349-50.
[409] Ibid. p. 352-6.
[410] Acts, vol. vi., p. 359-60.
[411] Vide Documents.
[412] Rushworth, part iv., vol. ii., p. 1426, _et seq._
[413] Acts, vol. vi., p. 362.
[414] Ibid. p. 363.
[415] Ibid. p. 364.
[416] Ibid. p. 411.
[417] Acts, vol. vi., p 451, _et seq_
[418] The annuity-tax to the six ministers in Edinburgh was first
imposed by an Act on the 19th of June, 1649.
[419] Burnet, p. 575.
[420] Originals in the Register Office, Edinburgh.
[421] Rushworth, part iv., vol. ii., p. 1330.
[422] Rushworth, part iv., vol. ii., p. 1395, _et seq._
[423] Acts of Estates, vol. vi., p. 411.
[424] Scott’s Extracts from an Hospital Register of Perth, MS., in the
Advocates’ Library, pp. 385-6.
[425] Balfour’s Annales and Lamont’s Diary. _Vide ante_, p. 587-8.
[426] Lamont’s Diary, p. 12. _Vide ante_, p. 589.
[427] Balfour’s Annales, vol. iii., pp. 410-413.
[428] Acts of Estates, vol. vi., p. 481.
[429] Ibid, p. 491.
[430] Ibid, pp. 504, 505, 506.
[431] Acts of Estates, vol. vi. p. 513.
[432] Vide Guthrie’s Waters of Sihor, _postea_, p. 619.
[433] There was a General Assembly held at Edinburgh, on 10th July,
this year, for which see Lamont’s Diary, _postea_.—ED.
[434] The volume containing these is not known to be in existence.
[435] Vide ante, p. 599.
[436] Vide ante, p. 613.
[437] Vide ante, p. 604.
[438] “The Waters of Sihor, or the Lands Defectione; founded on yᵉ late
Publick Resolutiones of the Comissione of the General Assembly, and of
the Parliment at Perth, 1651, concerning the Imploying and Intrusting
of the Malignant party in the Army and in the Judicatories, discovered
and demonstrated,” 341 pages MS. in Advocate’s Library.—Wodrow MS.,
vol. xvii.—Rob. iii., 2.15. Such is the title of a work by James
Guthrie, one of the leading _Protestors_, who made a great figure
in the transactions of these times, and who was executed after the
restoration of Charles II. We are not aware that this work has ever
been printed, and think it right to give some specimens of the
principles and practices of the Protestors, as exhibited in the
writings of one of their most conspicuous leaders.
[439] Vide ante, p. 501.
[440] Vide ante, p. 600.
[441] Vide ante, p. 599-600.
[442] Vide ante, p. 599.
[443] Journal, p. 160, _et seq._
[444] Vide ante, p. _599._
[445] For the Heads of the Declaration, see p. 599, ante.
[446] Wodrow’s 8vo MSS, vol. v., in the Advocate’s Library.
[447] Most of these Documents are to be found in Wodrow’s MSS., vol.
xvii., in the Advocates’ Library.
[448] Wodrow’s 4to MSS., vol. xvii., in the Advocates’ Library.
[449] Vide ante, p. 636.
[450] The General Assembly was sitting in St Andrew’s at this time,
and in consequence of the success of Lambert, on the 20th, adjourned
to Dundee, and, finally, was broken up. Vide Gordon’s account of it,
_ante_ p. 626-631.
[451] Most of these Documents are to be found in Wodrow’s MSS., vol.
xvii., in the Advocates’ Library.
[452] Vide ante, p. 649.
INDEX
TO THE
ACTS OF THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY.
1638-1649.
Page
Aberdeen, pretended Assembly of 1616 at, condemned, 25
Abernethie, John, pretended Bishop of Caithness, deposed, 28
Absents from General Assembly, Act for Censuring, 476
Acknowledgement and Declaration to be subscribed by engagers in the
late unlawful war against England, 544
Act and Declaration against the Act of Parliament and Committee of
Estates, ordained to be subscribed the 10th and 12th of June,
1648, and against all new Oaths or Bands, in the Common Cause,
imposed without consent of the Church, 497
Acts of General Assembly, 1638:—Approving Registers, p. 22;
condemning Pretended Assemblies, p. 24;
against unlawful Oaths of Intrants, p. 26;
condemning the Service Book, &c., Deposing pretended Bishops, p. 26;
Declaring Episcopacy abjured, p. 28;
against the Five Articles of Perth, p. 32;
restoring Kirk-Sessions, &c., p. 34;
anent Constitutions to be revived, p. 34;
anent Censures against Deposed Ministers, p. 38;
against the Civil Places and Power of Kirkmen, p. 38;
against Printing Acts or Treatises concerning the Divisions of the
Times without warrant of Mr A. Johnston, as Clerk of Assembly
and Advocate for the Kirk, p. 39;
anent censures on scandalous and malicious persons, and refractory
Presbyteries, p. 39;
ordering Presbyteries, &c., to obtain Copies of Acts, p. 39;
concerning the renewal of the National Covenant; concerning the
subscribing of the Confession of Faith, p. 40;
concerning Yearly General Assemblies, p. 40;
ordaining a Supplication to the King, 40
Acts of General Assembly, 1639:—Ordering the Bishop of Orkney’s
Abjuration of Episcopacy to be registered; containing the causes
and remedy of the bygone evils of the Kirk, p. 204;
approving an old Register of Assembly, p. 205;
approving the Deposition of Ministers by the Committees, p. 205;
anent receiving of Deposed Ministers, p. 205;
anent Keeping the Lord’s Day, p. 206;
approving Articles and Overtures anent Printing the old Acts, for
restraining of people from passing to England to Marry, anent
expenses of Commissioners to Assembly, Session Books, Deposed
Ministers, Acts against Papists and Excommunicate Persons,
Catechism and Trial of Intrants and Ministers, p. 206;
ordaining subscription of Confession and Covenant, with Assembly’s
Declaration, p. 208;
anent Appellations, p. 208;
anent advising with Synods and Presbyteries before determination in
Novations, anent Ministers’ Catechising, and Family Exercises, 208
Acts of General Assembly, 1640:—Anent Assembly-house, p. 278;
anent Demolishing Idolatrous Monuments, p. 279;
against Witches and Charmers, p. 279;
for censuring Speakers against the Covenant, p. 279;
against Expectants refusing to subscribe the Covenant, 279
Acts of General Assembly, 1641:—Approving Overtures of Assembly at
Aberdeen for ordering Assembly House, p. 293;
anent old Ministers bruiking their Benefices, p. 293;
against sudden receiving Ministers deposed, p. 293;
approving Overtures anent Universities, p. 293;
against Impiety and Schism, p. 294;
anent Novations, p. 294;
anent Bursars and Expectants, p. 294;
against Unlawful Bands, p. 295;
anent the Kirk of Campheir, 297
Acts of General Assembly, 1642:—For bringing in of the Synod Books
yearly to the General Assemblies, p. 320;
anent the choosing of Kirk Sessions, p. 321;
approving the interpretation of an Act at Edinburgh anent Trial of
Ministers, p. 321;
anent the order for making Lists to his Majesty and other Patrons
for Presentations, the order of Trial of Expectants, and for
trying the Quality of Kirks, p. 321;
anent Lists for the Kirks in the Highlands, p. 322;
approving of Overtures for a supplication to the Council for due
execution of Acts against Papists, &c., p. 322;
anent the joining of the Presbytery of Skye to the Synod of Argyle,
p. 323;
approving Overtures and Transplantation of Ministers and Provision
of Schools, p. 326;
anent Contrary Oaths, p. 327;
approving Overtures anent Family Exercises, Catechising, keeping of
Synods and Presbyteries, &c., against Petitions, Declarations, and
suchlike, in name of Ministers, without their knowledge or
consents, p. 327;
containing the Assembly’s desires to the Lords of Council and
Conservators of Peace, p. 328;
for Lord Maitland’s presenting the Assembly’s Supplication to the
King, &c., p. 330;
appointing Commission of Public Affairs of the Kirk, p. 330;
against Slandering of Ministers, p. 332;
anent ordering of Assembly House, p. 332;
for remembering, in Public Prayers, the Assembly’s desires to the
King and Parliament, and indiction of a Public Fast, p.332;
concerning certain References and Overtures on order of keeping
Assemblies, &c., transmitted to Presbyteries, 333
Acts of General Assembly, 1643:—Ordaining Overtures anent Bills, &c.,
to be given to Committees for their guidance;
for election of Professors, to be Commissioners to Assemblies, by
Presbyteries, p. 345;
for subscribing the Covenant, p. 346;
for searching Books tending to Separation, p. 346;
approving proceedings of Commissioners of last Assembly, p. 347;
against Burials, and Hanging of Honours, &c., in Kirks, p. 349;
anent Reposition of Ministers deposed by superior Judicatories,
p. 349;
against Masters who have Servants that profane the Lord’s Day,
p. 349;
for preparing the Directory for the Worship of God, p. 349;
Recommendation anent Students, &c., p. 351;
approving of the League and Covenant, respecting Lists for
Presentations, p. 353;
approving Overtures anent Witchcraft, &c., p. 354;
appointing Commission to go to Ireland, p. 354;
against Ministers haunting with excommunicate persons, p. 355;
anent an order for using civil execution against excommunicate
persons, p. 355;
appointing Commission to repair to England, p. 359;
appointing Commission for Public Affairs of the Kirk, 359
Acts of General Assembly, 1644:—For present entry of the new erected
Presbytery at Biggar, p. 397;
concerning Declaration subscribed by Scottish Lords at Oxford,
p. 398;
against the Rebels in the North and South, p. 398;
against secret Disaffecters of the Covenant, p. 398;
for sending Ministers to the Army, p. 398;
for renewing Commission for Public Affairs of the Kirk, p. 399;
for renewing Commission to persons appointed to repair to England,
Answer to Presbytery with Army, p. 399;
concerning Bursars, Penalties in Acts of Parliament, Promise of
Marriage made by Minors, &c., p. 405;
concerning Dissenting Voices in Synods and Presbyteries, p. 406;
concerning the election of a Moderator in Provincial Assemblies,
p. 406;
for keeping the Fast in the town where the Assembly holds, 406
Acts of General Assembly, 1645:—Approving proceedings of the
Commission of the two preceding Assemblies, p. 418;
for establishing and putting in execution the Directory for the
public worship of God, p. 418;
approving Overtures for advancement of learning and good order in
Grammar Schools and Colleges, p. 419;
approving Overtures propounded for ordering of the Bursars of
Theology, and maintaining of them at the Schools of Divinity,
p. 421;
approving the opinion of the Committee for keeping the greater
uniformity in the Kirk in the practice and observation of the
Directory in some points of public worship, p. 421;
approving the propositions concerning Kirk Government, and
Ordination of Ministers, concerning a Solemn Warning to the People
and Armies, p. 422;
against Lykwakes, p. 427;
recommending to Sessions to have the Printed Acts of Assembly,
p. 427;
for censuring the observers of Yule Day, for encouragement of
Scholars to Professions in Schools, p. 427;
for restraining abuses at Pennie-Brydals, p. 427;
discharging Deposed Ministers to be reponed to their former places,
p. 427;
renewing Commission for Public Affairs of the Kirk, p. 427;
renewing Commission of persons appointed to repair to England, for
prosecuting the treaty of Uniformity in Religion 428
Acts of General Assembly, 1646:—Concerning the Registers and Acts of
Provincial Assemblies, p. 445;
concerning the public satisfaction of married persons for
Fornication committed before marriage, concerning Excommunication
of Lord Seafort, p. 445;
concerning Corruptions in Ministry, p. 446;
approving proceedings of Commission of preceding Assembly, p. 447;
for joining the Presbyteries in Orkney and Zetland to the Provincial
of Caithness, p. 447;
concerning Expectants preaching in public, p. 448;
for censuring complyers with the public enemies of this Kirk and
Kingdom, p. 448;
against loosing of ships and barks on the Lord’s day, p. 448;
anent Children sent without the kingdom; approving certain
Overtures, p. 448;
renewing Commission for Public Affairs of the Kirk, p. 449;
renewing Commission for prosecuting treaty for Uniformity in
England, p. 450;
for a public Fast before next Assembly, Recommending Presbyteries
in calling of Ministers to regard Congregations, 452
Acts of General Assembly, 1647:—Allowing half of the Ministers in the
Presbytery of Zetland, with their ruling elders, to keep the
Provincial Assembly, p. 468;
for observing the directions of the General Assembly for Secret and
Private Worship, and mutual edification, and for censuring such as
neglect Family Worship, p. 472; against such as withdraw
themselves from the Public Worship in their own congregations,
p. 474;
approving of the proceedings of the preceding Assembly’s Commission,
p. 475;
approbation of the Confession of Faith, p. 475;
for revising the Paraphrase of the Psalms, &c., p. 475;
recommending the execution of the Act of Parliament at Perth for
uplifting pecunial pains to be employed upon pious uses, and of
all Acts of Parliament made against Excommunicate Persons, p. 476;
discharging the importing, venting, or spreading of erroneous books
or papers, p. 476;
for debarring of complyers in the first class from Ecclesiastic
Office, p. 476;
for pressing and furthering the Plantation of Kirks, p. 476;
for censuring Absents from the General Assembly, p. 476;
renewing former Acts of Assembly for trial and admission of
Expectants, p. 476;
renewing Commission for prosecuting treaty of Uniformity in England,
p. 477;
renewing Commission for Public Affairs of the Kirk, p. 477;
concerning the hundred and eleven propositions therein mentioned,
concerning Overture on Subscription of Covenant, 479
Acts of General Assembly, 1648:—Concerning Commissions from Burghs,
p. 496;
concerning the examining of the proceedings of the Commissioners of
Assemblies, p. 496;
approving proceedings of last Assembly’s Commission, p. 496;
approving the Larger Catechism, p. 496;
against sudden admitting of Deposed Ministers to particular
congregations, p. 496;
against the Act of Parliament and Committee of Estates, ordained
to be subscribed the 10th and 12th of June, and against all new
Oaths or Bands in the Common Cause, imposed without consent of
the Church, p. 497;
approving the Shorter Catechism, p. 498;
discharging a little Catechism printed at Edinburgh, 1647, p. 498;
for censuring Ministers for their silence, and not speaking to the
corruptions of the time, p. 509;
concerning education of Highland Boys, p. 510;
explaining fifth article of Overtures, concerning Appeals past in
the Assembly, 1643, p. 510;
discharging Deposed or Suspended Ministers from any exercise of the
Ministry, or meddling with the Stipend, against a Pamphlet put
forth in name of Henderson, p. 510;
for taking the Covenant, &c., p. 511;
concerning Presbyteries maintaining of Bursars, p. 511;
for disjoining the Presbytery of Zetland from the Provincial Synod
of Orkney and Caithness, concerning Overtures for Remedy of the
Sins of the Land, p. 511;
for examining the Paraphrase of the Psalms, p. 513;
enjoining Presbyteries to enforce Acts concerning Papists, &c.,
p. 513;
for prosecuting the treaty for Uniformity in Religion in England,
p. 514;
renewing Commission for public affairs of the Kirk, p. 514;
exempting Murray, Ross, and Caithness, from the Contribution granted
to the Boys of Argyle, &c., p. 515;
concerning Provision for Ministers in Burghs, p. 515;
concerning Collection for the Poor, p. 515;
discharging Duels, p. 516;
concerning Deposed Ministers, 517
Acts of General Assembly, 1649:—Approving the Proceedings of the
preceding Assembly’s Commission, p. 542;
approving Proceedings of the Commissioners sent to the King, p. 543;
discharging Promiscuous Dancing, p. 543;
concerning the receiving of Engagers in the late Unlawful War
against England to Public Satisfaction, p. 543;
a Solemn Warning to the Members of the Kirk, p. 544;
concerning Catechising, p. 549; appointing Commission for Public
Affairs, p. 549;
concerning Election of Ministers, p. 550;
for a Collection for entertaining Highland Boys at Schools, p. 552;
appointing a Commission concerning the Trial and Punishment of
Witchcraft, &c., p. 553;
concerning Persons to be admitted as Bursars, 553
Acts of Assembly, Overture for Printing, 206
Acts of Assembly, Order to procure, 39
Acts of Assembly, Sessions recommended to have the Printed, 427
Acts of Provincial Assemblies, Act concerning, 445
Admission of Ministers by Presbyteries, anent, 34
Admission of Expectants, Acts renewed anent, 476
Appeals, Overtures on Procedure in, 333
Appeals, Explanation of fifth Article in overtures on, 510
Appellations, Act anent, 208
Approbation of the Proceedings of the Commissions of the Assembly,
p. 347, 418, 447, 475, 498, 542.
Approbation of the Commissioners sent to the King, 543
Approbation of Solemn League and Covenant, 353
Approbation of Confession of Faith, 475
Approbation of Larger Catechism, 496
Approbation of Shorter Catechism, 498
Argyle, Overtures concerning the Education of Highland Boys in the
Province of, 510
Argyle, Exemption of Murray, Ross, and Caithness, from contributions
for the Boys of, 515
Army, Act for sending Ministers to the, 388
Army, Letter to Assembly from the Presbytery with the, and Answer
thereto, 396, 399
Articles and overtures approved by Assembly anent Border Marriages,
Expenses of Commissioners, Session Books, Deposed Ministers,
Papists, &c., Catechism, and Trial of Ministers or Entrants, 206
Assemblies, Reasons for annulling the Pretended, 24, 25
Assembly, the King’s Letters to, 21, 292, 320, 345, 445.
Assembly, Letter to the King from, 355
Assembly’s desires to the King, anent Lists for Presentations, 353
Assembly’s remonstrance to the King, 1645, 429
Assembly’s supplication to the King, 1648, 515
Assembly’s supplication to Commissioner, 206
Assembly’s Commission to those that repair to England, 359
Assembly, Declaration of English Parliament to, 347
Assembly’s Answer thereto, 355
Assembly, Propositions of English Parliamentary Commissioners to, 350
Assembly and Convention, result of debates of their committees with
English Commissioners, 353
Assembly’s Letter to English Parliament, 450
Assembly’s Letter to Lord Mayor, Aldermen, and Common Council of
London, 451
Assembly, Letter from Presb. with Army to, 396
Assembly, Letter from Ministers in England to, and Answer, 348, 358
Assembly’s Declarations, and brotherly Exhortations to their brethren
in England, 468, 506
Assembly’s Letter to Kirk in Netherlands, 404
Assembly’s Letter to their countrymen in Poland, Sweden, Denmark, and
Hungary, 478
Assembly’s Petition to Parliament, presenting their thoughts and
desires concerning the duties which the exigency of the times
requires, 1645, 420
Assembly’s Answer to paper sent from Committee of Estates, of date
July 28, 1648, 505
Assembly’s Supplication to Committee of Estates, 509
Assembly’s Answer to Committee of Estates, 496
Assembly’s Declaration, 1648, concerning the present dangers of
religion, and especially the unlawful engagement in war against
England, 498
Assembly’s Warning and Declaration concerning present dangers and
duties, 544
Assembly, Act for keeping a Fast in the town where it meets, 406
Assembly-house, Overtures anent, approved, 278, 293
Assembly-house, act anent ordering of, 332
Assemblies, General, anent, 36
Assemblies, General, Power to hold them, 40
Assemblies, General, Overtures on order of keeping, 333
Assemblies, Provincial and National, &c., restored in full
integrity, 34
Assemblies, Provincial, order of, 37
Assemblies, Provincial, Act anent election of Moderator in, 406
Assemblies, Provincial, Act concerning Registers and Acts of, 445
Assembly, Provincial, of Caithness, Presbyteries in Orkney and
Zetland, joined to, 447
Assembly, Provincial, of Caithness, Act allowing the half of the
Ministers in Presbyteries of Zetland only with their ruling elders
to keep, 468
Assembly of Divines at Westminster, Letters to the General Assembly
from, 351, 417, 495
Assembly’s, General, letters to Assembly of Divines, 357, 428, 451,
508
Ballantyne, Adam, pretended Bishop of Aberdeen, deposed, 27